CN101448568A - 富马酸铝金属有机骨架材料 - Google Patents
富马酸铝金属有机骨架材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101448568A CN101448568A CNA2007800181185A CN200780018118A CN101448568A CN 101448568 A CN101448568 A CN 101448568A CN A2007800181185 A CNA2007800181185 A CN A2007800181185A CN 200780018118 A CN200780018118 A CN 200780018118A CN 101448568 A CN101448568 A CN 101448568A
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- porous metal
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- -1 fumarate ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001399 aluminium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical group ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 4
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Geraniol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- YUVKTUCPWGPBLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-cyclohexylacetate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CC1CCCCC1 YUVKTUCPWGPBLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002415 trichloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种多孔金属有机骨架材料,其是通过AlIII离子与富马酸根离子配位产生骨架结构而形成的。本发明还涉及含有这种多孔金属有机骨架材料的成型体以及其制备方法,以及作为载体或用于吸附物质以储存所述物质、受控释放所述物质、分离所述物质或使所述物质发生化学反应的用途。
Description
本发明涉及一种多孔金属有机骨架材料、含有所述骨架材料的成型体、制备所述骨架材料的方法及其用途。
多孔金属有机骨架材料在现有技术中是公知的。它们的特征特别在于它们的孔隙率,并经常用于与无机沸石相当的应用中。
金属有机骨架材料一般含有与金属离子配位的至少双齿有机化合物,形成金属有机骨架材料的骨架。
金属和/或有机化合物的合适选择使得有可能为所需的应用领域而优化骨架材料。例如,有机化合物的选择可以对孔分布有影响。另外,金属可以在吸附工艺中做出贡献。
因此,仍然需要提供特定的金属有机骨架材料,其中由于金属和有机化合物的选择而具有特殊的性能。
一种令人感兴趣的金属是铝,因为由于强配位键获得了较强的金属有机骨架材料。另外,铝离子由于其八面体配位而原则上能形成三维的骨架化合物。此外,用做原料的铝的盐也是容易获得的并且是便宜的。
所以,本发明的目的是提供基于铝的骨架材料,其具有特定的性能,特别是在化学物质例如气体的储存和分离方面。
此目的通过一种多孔金属有机骨架材料实现,所述骨架材料是通过AlIII离子与富马酸根离子配位产生骨架结构而形成的。
已经发现,由铝离子和富马酸根离子(反-1,2-亚乙基二羧酸根)形成的多孔金属有机骨架材料惊奇地具有一维通道结构,这种结构另外显示惊奇的高比表面积,使得本发明的多孔金属有机骨架材料能特别用于化学物质、尤其气体的储存和分离。
本发明的多孔金属有机骨架材料因此具有在正交体系中结晶的一维通道结构。
本发明的多孔金属有机骨架材料的结构可以特别通过在8°<2θ<12°范围内具有基本反射的X-射线衍射图案(XRD)表征。
图1显示了本发明多孔金属有机骨架材料的X-射线衍射图案。在这里,强度I(Lin(计数))作为2θ角(2θ)的函数表示。
在这里,衍射图案可以如下记录:将样品作为粉末放入商业可得仪器的样品容器中(Siemens D-5000衍射仪或Bruker D8-Advance)。具有可变的主要和次要孔隙以及次级单色仪的Cu-Kα辐射用作辐射源。通过闪烁检测器(Siemens)或Solex半导体检测器(Bruker)检测信号。2θ角的检测范围通常选择为2-70°。角步长是0.02°,单位步长的检测时间一般是2-4秒。在评价中,反射通过强度高达背景噪音的至少3倍的信号强度来区分。面积分析可以以手动方式通过在各反射下绘制基线来进行。或者,可以使用来自Bruker的程序,例如“Topas-Profile”,在这种情况下背景平滑则优选自动地在软件中通过一级多项式出现。
本发明的骨架材料具有一维通道结构,其中AlIII离子和羟基的线性链被有机富马酸盐桥接,得到三维的正交结构。
本发明的金属有机骨架材料可以是粉末形式或作为聚集体存在。
本发明的多孔金属有机骨架材料可以原样以粉末形式使用,或者被转化成成型体。
因此,本发明的另一个方面是粉末形式的本发明多孔金属有机骨架材料。
本发明的另一个方面是含有本发明多孔金属有机骨架材料的成型体。
生产含有金属有机骨架材料的成型体的方法例如描述在WO-A03/102000中。
在这里,生产成型体的优选方法是挤出和压片。在成型体的生产中,本发明的骨架材料可以作为与其它材料的混合物存在,例如粘合剂、润滑剂或其它在生产期间加入的添加剂。也能理解的是,本发明的骨架材料含有其它组分,例如吸附剂,如活性碳等。
对成型体的可能的几何形状基本上没有任何限制。可以提到的例子特别是粒料(例如盘形粒料)、小丸、珠、颗粒、挤出物(例如棒状)、蜂窝结构、网格或中空体。
为了生产这些成型体,原则上可以使用所有合适的方法。特别是,优选以下工艺:
-将骨架材料单独或与至少一种粘合剂和/或至少一种糊化剂和/或至少一种模板化合物一起进行捏合/盘磨得到混合物;通过至少一种合适的方法使所得混合物成型,例如挤出;任选洗涤和/或干燥和/或煅烧挤出物;任选进行最后处理。
-与至少一种粘合剂和/或其它助剂一起压片。
-将骨架材料施加到至少一种任选的多孔载体材料上。所得的材料可以然后进一步按照上述方法加工,得到成型体。
-将骨架材料施加到至少一种任选的多孔基材上。
捏合/盘磨和成型可以按照任何合适的方法进行,例如UllmannsEnzyklopdie der Technischen Chemie[Ullmann工业化学百科全书],第4版,第2卷,第313页起(1972)。
例如,捏合/盘磨和/或成型可以通过以下方式进行:活塞压制,在存在或不存在至少一种粘合剂的情况下进行的辊压,混合,造粒,压片,挤出,共挤出,发泡,纺丝,涂覆,粒化,优选喷雾粒化,喷雾,喷雾干燥,或两种或多种这些方法的组合。
非常特别优选生产粒料和/或片料。
捏合和/或成型可以在高温下进行,例如在室温到300℃的范围内,和/或在超大气压下进行,例如在大气压到数百巴的范围内,和/或在保护气体气氛中进行,例如在至少一种稀有气体、氮气或两种或多种所述气体的混合物存在下进行。
捏合和/或成型可以根据另一个实施方案在添加至少一种粘合剂的情况下进行,所用的粘合剂基本上是任何能确保捏合和/或成型待捏合组合物所需的粘度的那些化合物。因此,在本发明中,粘合剂可以是能增加粘度的化合物,或是能降低粘度的化合物。
优选的粘合剂特别是例如氧化铝或含氧化铝的粘合剂,例如描述在WO94/29408中;二氧化硅,例如描述在EP 0 592 050A1中,二氧化硅和氧化铝的混合物,例如描述在WO 94/13584中;粘土矿物,例如描述在JP03-037156A中,例如蒙脱土、高岭土、硼润土、埃洛石、地开石、珍珠陶土和蠕陶土;烷氧基硅烷,例如描述在EP 0 012 544B1中,例如四烷氧基硅烷,例如四甲氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷、四丙氧基硅烷、四丁氧基硅烷;或例如三烷氧基硅烷,例如三甲氧基硅烷、三乙氧基硅烷、三丙氧基硅烷、三丁氧基硅烷;烷氧基钛酸酯,例如四烷氧基钛酸酯,例如四甲氧基钛酸酯、四乙氧基钛酸酯、四丙氧基钛酸酯、四丁氧基钛酸酯;或例如三烷氧基钛酸酯,例如三甲氧基钛酸酯、三乙氧基钛酸酯、三丙氧基钛酸酯、三丁氧基钛酸酯;烷氧基锆酸酯,例如四烷氧基锆酸酯,例如四甲氧基锆酸酯、四乙氧基锆酸酯、四丙氧基锆酸酯、四丁氧基锆酸酯,或例如三烷氧基锆酸酯,例如三甲氧基锆酸酯、三乙氧基锆酸酯、三丙氧基锆酸酯、三丁氧基锆酸酯;二氧化硅溶胶,两亲性物质和/或石墨。
除了上述化合物之外,作为提高粘度的物质,可以任选地使用有机化合物和/或亲水性聚合物,例如纤维素;或纤维素衍生物,例如甲基纤维素;和/或聚丙烯酸酯和/或聚甲基丙烯酸酯和/或聚乙烯醇和/或聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮和/或聚异丁烯和/或聚四氢呋喃和/或聚氧化乙烯。
作为糊化剂,优选特别使用水或至少一种醇,例如具有1-4个碳原子的一元醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、1-丁醇、2-丁醇、2-甲基-1-丙醇或2-甲基-2-丙醇,或水与至少一种所述醇的混合物;或多元醇,例如二醇,优选水混溶性多元醇,它们单独使用,或作为与水和/或至少一种所述一元醇的混合物使用。
其它可以用于捏合和/或成型的添加剂特别是胺或胺衍生物,例如四烷基铵化合物或氨基醇或含有碳酸根的化合物,例如碳酸钙。这些其它添加剂例如描述在EP 0 389 041 A1、EP 0 200 260 A1或WO 95/19222中。
添加剂例如模板化合物、粘合剂、糊化剂、提高粘度的物质在成型和捏合期间的添加次序在原则上不是关键的。
根据本发明的另一个优选实施方案,从捏合和/或成型获得的成型体进行至少一个干燥步骤,干燥步骤通常在25-500℃的温度进行,优选50-500℃,特别优选100-350℃。也可以减压干燥或在保护气体气氛中干燥,或通过喷雾干燥进行。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,在干燥操作期间,至少部分地从成型体除去至少一种作为添加剂的化合物。
本发明的金属有机骨架材料含有孔,特别是微孔和/或中孔。微孔定义为直径等于或小于2nm的那些孔,中孔定义为直径在2-50nm范围内的孔(Pure Applied Chem.57(1985),603-619页)。微孔和/或中孔的存在可以通过吸附方法检测,这些检测根据DIN 66131和/或DIN 66134确定金属有机骨架材料在77K(朗缪尔方法)下吸收氮气的吸附容量。
这些孔优选以直径为5-14埃、特别优选7-12埃的一维通道的形式存在。
对于粉末形式的本发明金属有机骨架材料,通过朗缪尔模型(DIN66131,66134)计算的比表面积是优选至少1000m2/g,更优选至少1200m2/g,更优选至少1400m2/g,甚至更优选至少1600m2/g,再更优选至少1800m2/g,特别优选至少1950m2/g。
含有本发明金属有机骨架材料的成型体可以具有较低的比表面积,但优选是至少500m2/g,更优选至少600m2/g,再更优选至少700m2/g,特别是至少800m2/g。
本发明进一步提供一种制备本发明多孔金属有机骨架材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
-使含有至少一种铝化合物和富马酸或其盐的反应混合物在有机溶剂存在下在预定温度和预定压力下反应。
本发明多孔金属有机骨架材料中的有机组分是能与铝化合物反应的富马酸。也可以使用富马酸的衍生物。因此,例如可以考虑以富马酸盐的形式使用富马酸。其中富马酸作为完全或部分脱质子化的阴离子存在的盐可以具有任何合适的阳离子。
合适的阳离子可以是例如单价或二价的金属离子,优选单价金属离子。例子特别是钠和钾盐。也可以使用铵化合物的阳离子。在这里,可以特别提到铵本身以及烷基铵阳离子。
铝化合物可以通过金属铝的阳极氧化制备。在这种情况下,本发明的多孔金属有机骨架材料是通过至少部分电化学途径制备的。多孔金属有机骨架材料的电化学制备方法描述在WO-A 2005/049892中。用于本发明多孔金属有机骨架材料的铝化合物也可以通过此途径制备。
在电化学制备本发明多孔金属有机骨架材料的方法中,优选通过至少一种以下措施至少部分地防止铝离子的阴极再沉积:
(i)使用能促进阴极形成氢气的电解质;
(ii)加入至少一种能导致阴极去极化的化合物;
(iii)使用具有合适氢过电压的阴极。
此方法可以在未分隔的电解池中进行。特别有用的电池是间隙池或堆板电池。这些可以按照双极方式连接。合适的反应介质是例如甲醇、乙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、二乙基甲酰胺,或两种或多种这些溶剂的混合物。
一种或多种电解质盐也可以存在于反应混合物中。在这里,电解质盐可以具有季铵离子作为阳离子组分和具有烷氧基硫酸根离子作为阴离子组分。总固含量应当大于或等于0.5重量%。
在本发明制备多孔金属有机骨架材料的方法中的反应也可以通过常规途径进行。在这里,铝化合物一般是铝盐。
铝盐可以以烷醇盐、丙酮酸盐、卤化物、亚硫酸盐的形式存在,或作为有机或无机含氧酸的盐存在,或作为它们的混合物存在。
烷醇盐是例如甲醇盐、乙醇盐、正丙醇盐、异丙醇盐、正丁醇盐、异丁醇盐、叔丁醇盐或酚盐。
丙酮酸盐是例如乙酰基丙酮酸盐。
卤化物是例如氯化物、溴化物或碘化物。
有机含氧酸是例如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸或其它烷基单羧酸。
无机含氧酸是例如硫酸、亚硫酸、磷酸或硝酸。
更优选的铝化合物是无机铝盐,例如氯化铝、溴化铝、硫酸氢铝、磷酸二氢铝、磷酸一氢铝、磷酸铝、硝酸铝。
铝化合物可以在合适时含有水合的水,这是优选的。特别优选的铝化合物是氯化物、硝酸盐和硫酸盐的水合物。
本发明制备多孔金属有机骨架材料的方法中的反应至少在有机溶剂的存在下进行。在这里,可以使用溶热条件。
为了本发明目的,术语“热”指这样的制备工艺,其中形成本发明多孔金属有机骨架材料的反应是在反应期间关闭的压力容器中进行的,并且向此容器施加高温使得由于所存在溶剂的蒸气压而导致在压力容器内在反应介质中建立压力。
反应优选不在含水介质中出现,因此不是在溶热条件下进行。
因此,本发明方法的反应优选在非水性溶剂的存在下进行。
反应优选在1-16巴、优选1-3巴的绝对压力下进行。但是,压力更优选不超过1230毫巴(绝对)。反应特别优选在大气压下进行。但是,由于装置,压力可以稍微高于或低于大气压。为了本发明目的,术语“大气压”表示包括实际大气压±150毫巴的压力范围。
反应优选在100-200℃的温度进行。反应温度优选110-170℃。温度更优选是120-150℃。
反应混合物可以另外含有碱。这特别用于确保当羧酸用作至少双齿有机化合物时是可溶的。当使用有机溶剂时,一般不是必须使用这种碱。但是,可以选择用于本发明方法的溶剂使得其本身具有碱性,但是对于进行本发明方法而言不是绝对必须的。
也可以使用碱,优选不使用额外的碱。
此外,反应也可以有利地在搅拌下进行,这在规模扩大时也是有利的。
(非水性)有机溶剂优选是C1-6链烷醇、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺(DEF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、乙腈、甲苯、二噁烷、苯、氯苯、甲乙酮(MEK)、吡啶、四氢呋喃(THF)、乙酸乙酯、任选卤代的C1-C200链烷、环丁砜、二醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、γ-丁内酯,脂环醇例如环己醇,酮例如丙酮或乙酰基丙酮,环状酮例如环己酮,环丁烯砜或它们的混合物。
C1-6链烷醇是具有1-6个碳原子的醇。例子是甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、戊醇、己醇和它们的混合物。
任选卤化的C1-200链烷是具有1-200个碳原子的链烷,且其中一个或多个至所有氢原子可以被卤素代替,优选氯或氟,特别是氯;例子是氯仿、二氯甲烷、四氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷和它们的混合物。
优选的溶剂是DMF、DEF、DMAc和NMP。特别优选DMF。
术语“非水性”优选指溶剂的最大水含量不超过10重量%,更优选5重量%,甚至更优选1重量%,更优选0.1重量%,特别优选0.01重量%,基于溶剂的总重量计。
在反应期间的最大水含量优选是10重量%,更优选5重量%,甚至更优选1重量%。
术语“溶剂”包括纯溶剂和各种溶剂的混合物。
此外,至少一种金属化合物与至少一种至少双齿有机化合物反应的工艺步骤之后优选是煅烧步骤。此时的温度一般高于250℃,优选是300-400℃。
在孔中存在的至少双齿有机化合物可以通过煅烧步骤除去。
除此之外或作为另一种选择,从多孔金属有机骨架材料的孔中除去至少双齿有机化合物(配体)的操作可以通过用非水性溶剂处理所形成的骨架材料进行。在这里,配体在“萃取工艺”中被除去,并可以在骨架材料中被溶剂分子替代。
所述处理优选进行至少30分钟,可以通常进行最多7天的时间。这可以在室温或高温进行。优选在高温进行,例如在至少40℃,优选60℃。萃取更优选在所用溶剂的沸点进行(在回流下)。
所述处理可以在简单容器中通过淤浆化并搅拌骨架材料进行。也可以使用萃取装置,例如索格利特装置,特别是工业萃取装置。
可以使用的合适溶剂是上述那些,即,例如C1-6链烷醇、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺(DEF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、乙腈、甲苯、二噁烷、苯、氯苯、甲乙酮(MEK)、吡啶、四氢呋喃(THF)、乙酸乙酯、任选卤代的C1-C200链烷、环丁砜、二醇、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、γ-丁内酯,脂环醇例如环己醇,酮例如丙酮或乙酰基丙酮,环酮例如环己酮,或它们的混合物。
优选甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丙酮、MEK和它们的混合物。
非常特别优选的萃取溶剂是甲醇。
用于萃取的溶剂可以与用于至少一种金属化合物与至少一种至少双齿有机化合物反应中的溶剂相同或不同。在“萃取”的情况下,溶剂不是必须无水的,但是优选是无水的。
在本发明方法中,铝化合物与富马酸或其一种盐之间的摩尔比优选是0.3:1至1.7:1。此比率更优选是0.7:1至1.2:1。
本发明进一步提供本发明的多孔金属有机骨架材料用于吸收至少一种物质的用途,用于其储存、分离、受控释放或化学反应的目的;或用作载体的用途。
所述至少一种物质优选是气体或气体混合物。液体也是可能的。
金属有机骨架材料用于储存的方法一般描述在WO-A 2005/003622、WO-A 2003/064030、WO-A 2005/049484、WO-A 2006/089908和DE-A 102005 012 087中。所述的这些方法也可以用于本发明的金属有机骨架材料。优选的用于储存的气体是甲烷或氢气。
通过金属有机骨架材料用于分离或提纯的方法一般描述在EP-A 1 674555、DE-A 10 2005 000938和德国专利申请号DE-A 10 2005 022 844中。所述的这些方法也可以用于本发明的金属有机骨架材料。优选的待分离的气体是二氧化碳,特别是从还含有一氧化碳的气体混合物中分离。
如果本发明的多孔金属有机骨架材料用于储存,则优选在-200℃至+80℃的温度进行。更优选温度是-40℃至+80℃。优选的压力范围是20-1000巴(绝对),特别是100-400巴。
为了本发明目的,为了简洁,使用术语“气体”和“液体”,但是这里的术语“气体”或“液体”也分别涵盖气体混合物以及液体混合物或液体溶液。
优选的气体是氢气;天然气;城市煤气;烃,特别是甲烷、乙烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烷、正丁烷和异丁烷;一氧化碳,二氧化碳,氮氧化物,氧气,硫氧化物,卤素,卤代烃,NF3,SF6,氨,硼烷,磷烷,硫化氢,胺,甲醛;稀有气体,特别是氦、氖、氩、氪和氙。
气体特别优选从含二氧化碳的气体混合物中分离出来的二氧化碳。气体混合物优选含有二氧化碳与至少H2、CH4或一氧化碳。特别是,气体混合物含有二氧化碳和一氧化碳。非常特别优选含有至少10体积%且不超过45体积%的二氧化碳和至少30体积%且不超过90体积%的一氧化碳的混合物。
优选的实施方案是使用多个平行吸附反应器的变压吸附,其中吸附剂床完全或部分地由本发明材料形成。在CO2/CO分离的情况下,吸附阶段优选在0.6-3巴的CO2分压和至少20℃且不超过70℃的温度下进行。为了解吸被吸附的二氧化碳,在吸附反应器中的总压力一般降低到100毫巴到1巴范围内的值。
还优选本发明的骨架材料用于储存最小压力为100巴(绝对)的气体。最小压力更优选是200巴(绝对),特别是300巴(绝对)。在这里,气体特别优选是氢气或甲烷。
但是,所述至少一种物质也可以是液体。液体的例子是消毒剂,无机或有机溶剂,燃料,特别是汽油或柴油;水力流体,散热器流体,制动流体或油,特别是机油。另外,液体可以是卤代的脂族或芳族、环状或无环的烃或其混合物。特别是,液体可以是丙酮、乙腈、苯胺、茴香醚、苯、苯甲腈、溴苯、丁醇、叔丁醇、喹啉、氯苯、氯仿、环己烷、二甘醇、乙醚、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、二噁烷、冰醋酸、乙酸酐、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、碳酸亚乙酯、二氯乙烷、乙二醇、乙二醇二甲醚、甲酰胺、己烷、异丙醇、甲醇、甲氧基丙醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、二氯甲烷、甲乙酮、N-甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、硝基苯、硝基甲烷、哌啶、丙醇、碳酸亚丙酯、吡啶、二硫化碳、环丁砜、四氯乙烯、四氯化碳、四氢呋喃、甲苯、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、三乙胺、三甘醇、三甘醇二甲醚、水或它们的混合物。
所述至少一种物质也可以是有气味的物质。
优选,有气味的物质是挥发性的有机或无机化合物,它们含有元素氮、磷、氧、硫、氟、氯、溴或碘中的至少一种,或是不饱和或芳族的烃,或饱和或不饱和的醛或酮。更优选的元素是氮、氧、磷、硫、氯、溴;特别优选氮、氧、磷和硫。
特别是,有气味的物质是氨、硫化氢、硫氧化物、氮氧化物、臭氧、环状或无环的胺、硫醇、硫醚,以及醛、酮、酯、醚、酸或醇。特别优选氨、硫化氢、有机酸(优选乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸、己酸、庚酸、月桂酸、壬酸)以及含有氮或硫的环状或无环的烃;饱和或不饱和的醛,例如己醛、庚醛、辛醛、壬醛、癸醛、辛烯醛或壬烯醛,特别是挥发性醛,例如丁醛、丙醛、乙醛和甲醛;以及燃料例如汽油、柴油(组分)。
有气味的物质也可以是香料,它们用于例如生产香水。香料或能释放这种香料的油的例子是:精油,罗勒油,香叶油,薄荷油,衣兰油,小豆蔻油,鳄梨油,辣椒油,肉豆蔻油,春黄菊油,桉叶油,玫瑰油,柠檬油,白柠檬油,橙油,香柠檬油,香紫苏油,芫荽子油,丝柏精油,1,1-二甲氧基-2-苯基乙烷,2,4-二甲基-4-苯基四氢呋喃,二甲基四氢苯甲醛,2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇,1,2-二乙氧基-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯,苯基乙醛,玫瑰醚,2-甲基戊酸乙酯,1-(2,6,6-三甲基-1,3-环己二烯-1-基)-2-丁烯-1-酮,乙基香草醛,2,6-二甲基-2-辛烯醇,3,7-二甲基-2-辛烯醇,环己基乙酸叔丁酯,乙酸茴香酯,环己基氧基乙酸烯丙酯,乙基里哪醇,丁子香酚,香豆素,乙酰乙酸乙酯,4-苯基-2,4,6-三甲基-1,3-二噁烷,4-亚甲基-3,5,6,6-四甲基-2-庚酮,四氢藏花酸乙酯,香叶基腈,顺-3-己烯-1-醇,乙酸顺-3-己烯基酯,碳酸顺-3-己烯基甲基酯,2,6-二甲基-5-庚烯-1-醛,4-(三环[5.2.1.0]亚癸基)-8-丁醛,5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环庚烯基)-3-甲基戊-2-醇,对-叔丁基-α-甲基氢化肉桂醛,[5.2.1.0]三环癸烷羧酸乙酯,香叶醇,橙花醇,柠檬醛,里哪醇,乙酸里哪基酯,紫罗酮,苯基乙醇,和它们的混合物。
为了本发明目的,挥发性的有气味物质优选具有低于300℃的沸点或沸程。更优选,有气味的物质是挥发性化合物或混合物。特别优选,有气味的物质具有低于250℃的沸点或沸程,更优选低于230℃,特别优选低于200℃。
优选具有高挥发性的有气味物质。蒸气压可以用作挥发性的指数。在本发明中,挥发性的有气味物质优选具有大于0.001kPa(20℃)的蒸气压。更优选,有气味的物质是挥发性化合物或混合物。特别优选,有气味的物质具有大于0.01kPa(20℃)的蒸气压,更优选大于0.05kPa(20℃)。特别优选,有气味的物质具有大于0.1kPa(20℃)的蒸气压。
其中可以在本发明金属有机骨架材料存在下进行化学反应的一个例子是一元醇或多元醇的烷氧基化反应。进行这种烷氧基化反应的工序描述在WO-A 03/035717和WO-A 2005/03069中。本发明的多孔金属有机骨架材料也可以用于环氧化反应和用于制备聚亚烷基碳酸盐和过氧化氢。这些反应描述在WO-A 03/101975、WO-A 2004/037895和US-A 2004/081611中。
特别优选的是催化反应。
另外,本发明的金属有机骨架材料可以用作载体,特别是用作催化剂的载体。
实施例
实施例1:制备纯的Al-富马酸盐金属有机骨架材料(MOF)
将17.91g的AlCl3·6H2O和9.04g富马酸(连接剂:Al比率=1.05摩尔/摩尔)在玻璃烧瓶中悬浮在550ml DMF中(固含量=0.05g/g)并且在回流(130℃)下搅拌17小时。过滤出形成的固体,用3 x 100ml的丙酮和2 x 100ml的甲醇洗涤。过滤时间小于30秒。
随后将此物质在真空干燥烘箱中在100℃干燥16小时。这得到11.4g的白色预产物。测得N2表面积是1155m2/g(朗缪尔)。
实施例2:制备纯的Al-富马酸盐MOF
将17.91g的AlCl3·6H2O和10.34g富马酸(Al:连接剂比率=1.2摩尔/摩尔)在玻璃烧瓶中悬浮在550ml DMF中(固含量=0.051g/g)并且在回流(130℃)下搅拌17小时。过滤出形成的固体,用3 x 100ml的丙酮和2 x 100ml的甲醇洗涤。随后将此物质在真空干燥烘箱中在100℃干燥16小时。这得到11.4g的白色预产物。测得N2表面积是1149m2/g(朗缪尔)。
实施例3:制备纯的Al-富马酸盐MOF
将17.91g的AlCl3·6H2O和14.64g富马酸(Al:连接剂比率=1.7摩尔/摩尔)在玻璃烧瓶中悬浮在550ml DMF中(固含量=0.058g/g)并且在回流(130℃)下搅拌17小时。过滤出形成的固体,用3 x 100ml的丙酮和2 x 100ml的甲醇洗涤。随后将此物质在真空干燥烘箱中在100℃干燥16小时。这得到11.4g的白色预产物。测得N2表面积是1271m2/g(朗缪尔)。
实施例4:制备纯的Al-富马酸盐MOF
将26.9g的AlCl3·6H2O和15.4g富马酸(连接剂:Al比率=1.2摩尔/摩尔)在玻璃烧瓶中悬浮在550ml DMF中(固含量=0.078g/g)并且在回流(130℃)下搅拌96小时。过滤出形成的固体,用3 x 100ml的丙酮和3 x 100ml的甲醇洗涤。随后将此物质在真空干燥烘箱中在100℃干燥16小时。这得到18.4g的白色预产物。测得N2表面积是1272m2/g(朗缪尔)。
实施例5:在77K下的氢气等温线
图2显示本发明MOF的H2吸收。此检测是在商购Autosorb-1仪器(来自Quantachrome)上进行的。检测温度是77.4K。在检测之前,将样品在室温在减压下预处理4小时,随后在200℃再处理4小时。
图2显示了氢气容量K(cc/g,STP)作为相对压力p/p0(p0=94632.4托)的函数。
实施例6:在77K下的氢气等温线
图3显示了Al-富马酸盐MOF的H2吸收。检测温度是77.4K。在检测之前,将样品各自在室温在减压下预处理4小时,随后在200℃再处理4小时。
氢气吸收量(g/l)作为绝对压力p(巴)的函数显示。
实施例7:对于CO2分离的适用性
用实施例1的材料在42℃记录对于吸附CO2、CO和甲烷(21℃)的纯物质等温线(图4)。在CO吸收和CO2吸收之间的大差别表明此材料主要对分离任务CO2/甲烷和CO2/CO有良好的选择性。
图4显示了吸附量A(mg/g)与绝对压力p(毫巴)之间的函数关系。在这里,曲线1、2和3对应于气体二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化碳。
Claims (15)
1.一种多孔金属有机骨架材料,其是通过AlIII离子与富马酸根离子配位产生骨架结构而形成的。
2.权利要求1的骨架材料,其中所述骨架材料的X-射线衍射图案(XRD)具有在8°<2θ<12°范围内的基本反射。
3.权利要求1或2的骨架材料,其中所述骨架材料具有正交的一维通道结构。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的骨架材料,其中所述骨架材料作为粉末具有至少1000m2/g的比表面积,根据朗缪尔方法通过在77K的氮气吸附检测。
5.一种成型体,其含有如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的多孔金属有机骨架材料。
6.一种制备如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的多孔金属有机骨架材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
-使含有至少一种铝化合物和富马酸或其盐的反应混合物在有机溶剂存在下在预定温度和预定压力下反应。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中铝化合物是铝盐的水合物。
8.权利要求6或7的方法,其中预定温度是100-200℃。
9.权利要求6-8中任一项的方法,其中预定压力是1-16巴绝对压力。
10.权利要求6-9中任一项的方法,其中AlIII与富马酸或其盐之间的摩尔比是0.3:1至1.7:1。
11.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的多孔金属有机骨架材料或如权利要求5所述的成型体用于吸收物质以用于其储存或受控释放目的的用途。
12.权利要求11的用途,其中所述物质是甲烷或氢气。
13.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的多孔金属有机骨架材料或如权利要求5所述的成型体用于吸收物质以用于其分离目的的用途。
15.权利要求13的方法,其中所述物质是二氧化碳。
16.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的多孔金属有机骨架材料或如权利要求5所述的成型体用于吸收物质以用于其化学反应或作为载体的用途。
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- 2007-04-12 CN CNA2007800181185A patent/CN101448568A/zh active Pending
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CN116396486A (zh) * | 2023-01-04 | 2023-07-07 | 华南理工大学 | 优先吸附氩气的铝基金属有机骨架材料及其制法与应用 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2007118841A3 (de) | 2008-01-03 |
EP2010315A2 (de) | 2009-01-07 |
CN101421183A (zh) | 2009-04-29 |
WO2007118841A2 (de) | 2007-10-25 |
KR20080112382A (ko) | 2008-12-24 |
US20120167761A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
KR101493529B1 (ko) | 2015-02-13 |
JP2009534348A (ja) | 2009-09-24 |
US8518264B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
JP5150617B2 (ja) | 2013-02-20 |
US20130210620A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
US20090092818A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
US8734652B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 |
KR20080112349A (ko) | 2008-12-24 |
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