CN101448236A - Service model-based network charging system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a network billing system based on a service model, which is characterized in that a billing preprocessing subunit composed of a single-chip microcomputer externally connected with an erasable programmable read-only memory and a random access memory is added to the billing system of a mobile switching center. system, its working parameters are the unit rate and the total system bandwidth from the billing management subsystem and the maximum packet loss rate and business model from the access point controller; the calculated rate is output to the billing processing subsystem, so that the communication Network billing changes from the existing fixed rate to a floating rate. The billing system of the present invention can not only prompt network operators to continuously optimize the network and upgrade technology, but also guide users to adjust their business models spontaneously to minimize costs. The incentive-compatible billing method for bandwidth and efficient data transmission is conducive to long-term benign interaction between users and operators, and to maximize social benefits of the network.

Description

A Network Billing System Based on Business Model

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of digital information transmission, in particular to a network charging method based on a service model in a packet network.

Background technique

At present, in the field of digital information transmission, network technology based on packet transmission has been more and more widely used. How network operators can charge users effectively, reasonably and scientifically has become an increasingly important topic.

In the existing billing system, there are billing methods for network users based on duration, traffic, or monthly subscription. The time-based billing method is to charge the user according to the length of the user's online time; the traffic-based billing method is to charge the user according to the user's Internet traffic; the monthly subscription system is to charge the user a fixed fee every month Regardless of the user's online time and traffic. These existing charging methods are relatively extensive charging methods, and their common disadvantage is that different charging strategies cannot be implemented according to different service types and communication quality.

Chinese patent CN1431842 discloses a floating rate billing method based on communication quality quantification, which adds a communication quality test system to the existing base station system, and first sets the quantitative parameters for measuring communication quality in the quality test system, namely Bit error rate, the expected reference value of the bit error rate is used as the reference standard of communication quality; then the communication quality test system accumulates the bit error rate periodically sent from the mobile station to the base station during the conversation, and calculates the statistical average of the bit error rate ;According to the comparison result of the statistical average of the bit error rate and the expected reference value, the quality level of this call and the corresponding charging standard parameters are obtained; finally, the two parameters of the charging standard and communication duration of this call At the same time input to the billing system for billing. The disadvantage of this method is that it is an a posteriori billing method. Before the end of the communication, the statistical average value of the bit error rate and its corresponding quality level cannot be obtained as a measure of the communication quality. The billing system cannot determine the billing standard parameters corresponding to this call. Moreover, the specific numerical setting of the expected reference value of the bit error rate as the communication quality reference standard in this method lacks a unified standard with universal persuasiveness, and the value is often set according to the sensory evaluation of each person, which is subjective and arbitrary. sex.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to propose a network billing system based on a service model to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the fixed rate billing method in the existing communication network.

The network billing system based on the service model of the present invention utilizes the Mobile Switching Center (MSC, Mobile Switching Center) of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM, Global System for Mobile Communications) network to negotiate and provide services with user terminals, and the mobile switching center The fee system reports the fee information that the user terminal should charge for each communication to the authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA, Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) server, and finally the authentication, authorization and accounting server is responsible for charging the user;

The billing system performs the following steps in sequence:

In the first step, the user terminal initiates an access request to the access point controller of the mobile switching center, and submits the service model of the requested service and the maximum tolerable packet loss rate;

In the second step, the billing preprocessing subsystem first obtains the service model and the maximum packet loss rate from the access point controller, and at the same time obtains the unit rate and the total system bandwidth from the billing management subsystem, then calculates the rate, and finally The rate is passed as an output to the billing processing subsystem;

In the third step, the billing processing subsystem negotiates with the user terminal on the rate: the billing processing subsystem sends the rate information to the user terminal; the user terminal judges whether to accept the rate, and if it does not accept the rate, it terminates If the access request accepts the rate, it will feed back rate acceptance information to the billing processing subsystem; after the billing processing subsystem receives the rate acceptance information, it will immediately activate the bandwidth resource scheduler to allocate bandwidth for the service request, and then Feedback the bandwidth allocation information to the user terminal, and at the same time start the timer of the billing processing subsystem to count;

In the fourth step, the user terminal starts to communicate after receiving the bandwidth allocation information fed back by the billing processing subsystem. If the service flow of a certain time slot user is greater than the allocated bandwidth, it dynamically applies for additional bandwidth resources to the bandwidth resource scheduler; if If the system still has remaining bandwidth, the bandwidth resource scheduler applies for resource allocation for the extra bandwidth; otherwise, the user terminal discards the excess packets in this time slot; until the communication ends, the user terminal sends the communication end information to the billing processing subsystem ;

In the fifth step, after the billing processing subsystem receives the communication end information from the user terminal, it first stops timing, subtracts the start time from the end time of the timer to obtain the total communication time, and then calculates the fee according to the rate and communication time, And pass the calculated fee information to the billing management subsystem;

In the sixth step, the billing management subsystem transmits the fee information that the user should charge for this business communication to the identity verification, authorization, and accounting server; the identity verification, authorization, and accounting server sends a bill to the user every month, Then the user goes to the bank to pay the fee and finally completes the user's charge;

It is characterized by:

Increase a billing preprocessing subsystem (12-2-2) in the billing system (12-2) of mobile switching center (12); 21) An externally connected erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) (22) and a random access memory (RAM) (23) form; the 4 input parameters required for its work are respectively: from the billing management sub- The unit rate (24) and the total system bandwidth (25) of the system (12-2-3), as well as the service model (26) and maximum packet loss rate (27) from the access point controller (12-1) ; The calculated rate (28) is output to the billing processing subsystem (12-2-1);

The service model (26) in the described first step comprises parameter P _max and function f (p) two information: parameter P _max represents the maximum quantity of the packet that needs to transmit in a time slot, is called peak rate; Function f (p) represents the probability that the number of packets to be transmitted in a time slot is p, which is called the rate distribution function;

The billing preprocessing subsystem (12-2-2) in the second step adopts the following calculation formula:

Calculate the rate mean μ, which is the average number of packets that need to be transmitted in a slot:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&mu;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; p</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; p</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; p</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

Calculate the rate variance σ ² , which is the variance of the number of packets that need to be transmitted in a slot:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&sigma;</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; p</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; p</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&mu;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; p</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

Calculate the minimum number of users N, that is, the number of users that the system can support at the same time by allocating bandwidth resources at the peak rate:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; N</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

C in formula (3) is the total bandwidth of the system, and P _max is the peak rate;

Calculate the system packet loss rate L(n), that is, the packet loss probability caused by the number of packets to be transmitted exceeds the total system bandwidth:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; normpdf</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; n\&mu;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&sigma;</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; N</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; N</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

In formula (4), normpdf(x, nμ, nσ ² ) represents the probability density of the normal distribution with mean value nμ and variance nσ ² taking the value of x;

Calculate the threshold number of users K, which is the maximum number of users that meet the requirements of the maximum packet loss rate:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; K</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Max</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; arg</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \{</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&le;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; <</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; N</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; N</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \}</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

In formula (5), L _max is the maximum packet loss rate;

Calculate the rate V, which is the rate that should be charged for the business model and its tolerable maximum packet loss rate:

表示取大于或等于x的最小整数；In formula (6), V _unit is the unit rate, and the operator

Indicates to take the smallest integer greater than or equal to x;

The bandwidth resource scheduler (12-3) in the described 3rd step adopts following formula to calculate the size of allocated bandwidth:

In formula (7), C is the total bandwidth of the system, K is the threshold number of users, D is the allocated bandwidth, and the operator Indicates to take the largest integer less than or equal to x.

The billing processing subsystem (12-2-1) in the fifth step calculates the fee that the user needs to charge for this business communication according to the rate and communication time:

F＝VT (8)

In formula (8), V is the rate, T is the communication time, and F is the fee.

The present invention adds a billing preprocessing subsystem to the billing system of the existing communication network. By changing the calculation method of the billing rate and using the floating billing rate instead of the existing fixed billing rate, many good effects are obtained. Because the present invention is based on the business model, adopts formula (1)～(6) floating rate calculating method, makes the setting of rate take network transmission cost as the basis; Owing to adopting the bandwidth allocation method of formula (7), taking into account business The demand for high communication quality and the maximum utilization of network bandwidth resources; due to the cost calculation method of formula (8), users are encouraged to shorten the time of occupying network resources as much as possible according to their own business rates and traffic volume.

Compared with the time-based billing method in the prior art, the present invention considers the size of the bandwidth resource actually occupied by the user and the communication quality; compared with the traffic-based billing method, the present invention considers the business type in the actual communication process and the difference in communication quality; compared with the monthly billing method, the present invention obviously avoids the waste of network resources, and contributes to the maximization of network resource utilization.

Compared with a floating rate charging method based on communication quality quantification disclosed in Chinese patent CN1431842, the present invention has the disadvantage that it is an a posteriori charging method, and before the end of the communication, it cannot be obtained as the current charging method. The statistical average of the bit error rate of the communication quality measurement value and its corresponding quality level, so the billing system cannot determine the corresponding rate of the call before the communication ends. However, the present invention can calculate the rate and inform the user terminal before the communication starts. In addition, due to the fact that the specific value setting of the expected reference value of the bit error rate as a reference standard for communication quality lacks a universally persuasive unified standard, the value is often set according to the sensory evaluation of each person, so it is subjective. . However, the formulas (1)-(6) on which the rate calculation of the present invention is based are completely based on the business model and the mathematical derivation of the statistical multiplexing theory, without introducing any subjective factors, so the calculation result is objective and unique. These are two important features and improvements of the present invention.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the network billing system based on business model of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the billing preprocessing subsystem;

Fig. 3 is the billing flowchart of business communication;

Fig. 4 is the system packet loss rate curve L;

Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of the system packet loss rate curve L;

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

The network billing system based on the service model of the present invention utilizes the Mobile Switching Center (MSC, Mobile Switching Center) of the existing Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM, GlobalSystem for Mobile Communications) network, and the billing system at the Mobile Switching Center (12) (12-2) increases a billing pre-processing subsystem (12-2-2); the billing pre-processing subsystem (12-2-2) is externally connected to a single-chip microcomputer (21) with an erasable programmable only The read memory (EPROM) (22) and a piece of random access memory (RAM) (23) are composed; the 4 input parameters required for its work are respectively: units from the billing management subsystem (12-2-3) Rate (24) and total system bandwidth (25), and business model (26) and maximum packet loss rate (27) from the access point controller (12-1); an output result of its calculation is The rate (28) is output to the billing processing subsystem (12-2-1).

Fig. 1 is the network billing system block diagram based on service model of the present invention; User terminal (11) access core network (13) by mobile switching center (12); Billing is performed during the communication process, and the charge information that should be charged is reported to the AAA server (14). The access point controller (12-1) of the mobile switching center (12) forwards the service data of the user terminal (11) to the core network (13), and forwards the bandwidth allocation information of the bandwidth resource scheduler (12-3) For the user terminal (11), the maximum packet loss rate information and the business model information of the user terminal (11) are forwarded to the charging preprocessing subsystem (12-2-2), and the forwarding of the user terminal (11) and the charging process Interaction control information between subsystems (12-2-1). In the billing system (12-2), the billing processing subsystem (12-2-1) outputs the fee information that should be charged to the user to the billing management subsystem (12-2-3), and sends the billing information to the bandwidth resource scheduler (12-3) output allocation resource instruction; billing preprocessing subsystem (12-2-2) outputs rate information to billing processing subsystem (12-2-1); billing management subsystem (12-2 -3) Output unit rate information and total system bandwidth information to the billing preprocessing subsystem (12-2-2), and output fee information that should be charged to users to the AAA server (14).

Fig. 2 is the structural diagram of billing preprocessing subsystem: billing preprocessing subsystem (12-2-2) connects an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) (22) and a random Access memory (RAM) (23) constitutes; the source of 4 input parameters required for its work has two: the unit charge rate (24) and system total bandwidth from billing management subsystem (12-2-3) (25), from the business model (26) and the maximum packet loss rate (27) of the access point controller (12-1); an output result of its calculation is the rate (28), which is output to the billing Processing Subsystem (12-2-1).

Fig. 3 is the billing flowchart of business communication: user terminal (11) initiates access request (30), and business model information and maximum packet loss rate information are sent to mobile switching center (12); Mobile switching center (12) calculates Charge rate (31), then feeds back the calculated charge rate to user terminal (11); User terminal (11) carries out the judgment of accepting charge rate (32), if not accepting this charge rate, then terminates access request (33 ), if accepted, then feed back the rate acceptance information to the mobile switching center (12); the mobile switching center (12) allocates bandwidth (34) for the user, and feeds back the information of bandwidth allocation to the user terminal (11), and starts the calculation simultaneously Fee timer starts counting (35); Start communication (36) after user terminal (11) receives bandwidth allocation information; Send communication end information when user terminal (11) ends communication (37); Mobile switching center (12) After receiving the communication end message, immediately stop timing (38), and calculate the cost (39).

Considering a packet network with a discrete time model, it is advisable to set the unit rate (24) V _unit =1, and all packets transmitted in the network have the same size. The packet network can carry 1000 packets in each time slot, that is, the total system bandwidth (25)C=1000. Existing 1 user terminal (11) runs a business, in each time slot, this business can produce 0～10 packet, suppose this number is the random variable B(10, 0.2) of independent binomial distribution , that is, the service model (26) is peak rate P _max =10, rate distribution function f(p)=B(10, 0.2). Assume that the user terminal (11) has 100 packets to be transmitted, and the maximum tolerable packet loss rate (27) L _max =1.0×10 ^-5 .

The billing system performs the following specific steps in sequence:

In the first step, the user terminal (11) initiates an access request (30) to the access point controller (12-1) of the mobile switching center (12), and submits the service model (26) of the requested service and the maximum tolerable packet loss rate(27);

In the second step, the billing preprocessing subsystem (12-2-2) first obtains the service model (26) and the maximum packet loss rate (27) from the access point controller (12-1), and simultaneously obtains the The system (12-2-3) obtains the unit rate (24) and the total system bandwidth (25), then calculates the rate (28), and finally passes the rate (28) to the billing processing subsystem (12- 2-1);

Among them, the meanings of the four input parameters required for the billing preprocessing subsystem (12-2-2) to work are as follows:

The unit rate (24) V _unit reflects the cost paid by the mobile switching center (12) in the process of using 1 time slot bandwidth resources to transmit 1 packet, and its composition includes equipment depreciation costs, energy and power costs, and personnel salaries cost.

The total system bandwidth (25)C is the maximum number of packets that the packet network can transmit simultaneously in one time slot.

The business model (26) contains two information, parameter P _max and function f(p): parameter P _max represents the maximum number of packets to be transmitted in a time slot, which is called the peak rate; function f(p) represents a time slot The probability that the number of packets that need to be transmitted is p, is called the rate distribution function.

The maximum packet loss rate (27) L _max refers to the maximum packet loss probability that the service can tolerate during transmission.

After the billing preprocessing subsystem (12-2-2) obtains the above four input parameters, it performs the following operations in sequence:

Calculate the rate mean μ, which is the average number of packets that need to be transmitted in a slot:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&mu;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; p</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; p</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; p</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 10</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

Calculate the rate variance σ ² , which is the variance of the number of packets that need to be transmitted in a slot:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&sigma;</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; p</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; p</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&mu;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; p</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 10</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.8</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.6</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

Calculate the minimum number of users N, that is, the number of users that the system can support at the same time by assigning bandwidth resources according to the peak rate:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; N</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1000</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 10</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 100</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

C in formula (3) is the total bandwidth of the system, and P _max is the peak rate;

Calculate the system packet loss rate L(n), that is, the packet loss probability caused by the number of packets to be transmitted exceeds the total system bandwidth:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; normpdf</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; n\&mu;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&sigma;</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; N</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; N</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}$

(4)

$<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1000</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1000</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1000</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1000</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; normpdf</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1.6</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 100</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 101</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1000</span>}$

In formula (4), normpdf(x, nμ, nσ ² ) represents the probability density of the normal distribution with mean nμ and variance nσ ² taking the value of x. The change trend of the calculated system packet loss rate L(n) is shown in Fig. 4 .

Figure 4 is the system packet loss rate curve L: the abscissa is the number n of users connected, and the ordinate is the system packet loss rate L(n). When the abscissa n changes from 100 to 486, the system packet loss rate curve L increases slowly from 0 to 6.648×10 ^-5 ; when the abscissa n changes from 486 to 1000, the system packet loss rate curve L increases from 6.648× 10 ^-5 rapidly monotonically increases to 0.5.

FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of the system packet loss rate curve L: the abscissa is the number n of users connected, and the ordinate is the system packet loss rate L(n). The system packet loss rate curve L first increases slowly and monotonically in the range of 463-486, and then rapidly monotonically increases from 486 to 505. Wherein, when n=482, L(482)=8.924×10 ^-6 ; when n=483, L(483)=1.505×10 ^-5 .

Calculate the threshold number of users K, which is the maximum number of users that meet the requirements of the maximum packet loss rate:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; K</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Max</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; arg</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \{</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&le;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; <</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; N</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; N</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \}</span>$

$<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Max</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; arg</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \{</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 482</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&le;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 10</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; <</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; L</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 483</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 100</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 101</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1000</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \}</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

$<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 482</span>}$

In formula (5), L _max is the maximum packet loss rate;

Calculate the rate V, which is the rate that should be charged for the business model and its tolerable maximum packet loss rate

$<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}$

表示取大于或等于x的最小整数。In formula (6), V _unit is the unit rate, and the operator

Indicates to take the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.

According to the central limit theorem in probability theory, if a random variable is determined by the sum of a large number of random factors, and the individual effect of each random factor on the overall effect is small and relatively uniform, then this random variable obeys the positive state distribution. In the present invention, suppose that the peak rate P _max of a single certain _business is all very small relative to the total system bandwidth C; (p) Change. Therefore, the sum of the packet numbers of n independent and identically distributed services obeys the normal distribution of mean nμ and variance ^nσ2 .

The billing preprocessing subsystem (12-2-2) outputs the calculated tariff (27)V to the billing processing subsystem (12-2-1).

Compared with the floating rate billing method based on communication quality quantification disclosed by the present invention in Chinese patent CN1431842, the specific value setting of the expected reference value of the bit error rate as the communication quality reference standard of the latter lacks universal persuasiveness The unified standard is often based on the sensory evaluation of each person to set the value, so it is subjective and arbitrary. However, the formulas (1)-(6) based on the rate calculation of the present invention are completely based on the mathematical derivation of the service model and the statistical multiplexing theory, and the calculation results are objective and unique. Because the present invention does not need to give a reference standard of communication quality based on each person's sensory evaluation, no subjective factor is introduced. This is an important feature and improvement of the present invention.

In the third step, the billing processing subsystem (12-2-1) carries out rate negotiation with the user terminal (11): the billing processing subsystem (12-2-1) sends the rate information to the user terminal (11) ; The user terminal judges whether to receive the rate (32), if it does not accept the rate, it terminates the access request (33), if it accepts the rate, it feeds back the rate acceptance information to the billing processing subsystem; After the fee processing subsystem (12-2-1) receives the fee rate acceptance information, it immediately activates the bandwidth resource scheduler (12-3) to allocate bandwidth (34) for the service request, and then feeds back the bandwidth allocation information to the user terminal ( 11), at the same time start the timer of the billing processing subsystem (12-2-1) to start counting (35).

So far, before the official start of this communication, the billing system of the network uses the equations (1)-(6) to calculate the billing rate to be charged and feed it back to the user terminal. Users can pre-estimate the cost they will pay in this communication according to the rate, and decide whether to carry out this communication based on this. Compared with a floating rate charging method based on communication quality quantification disclosed in Chinese patent CN1431842, the present invention has the disadvantage that it is an a posteriori charging method, and before the end of the communication, it cannot be obtained as the current charging method. The statistical average of the bit error rate of the communication quality measurement value and its corresponding quality level, so that the billing system cannot determine the corresponding rate of the call before the communication ends. The rate can be calculated and notified to the user terminal before the communication starts, which is another important feature and improvement of the present invention.

In the fourth step, the user terminal (11) starts communication (36) after receiving the bandwidth allocation information fed back by the billing processing subsystem (12-2-1), if the service flow of a certain time slot user is greater than the allocated bandwidth, then Dynamically apply for additional bandwidth resources to the bandwidth resource scheduler (12-3); if the system also has remaining bandwidth, the bandwidth resource scheduler (12-3) allocates resources for the additional bandwidth application; otherwise, the user terminal (11) Discard the excess packets in this time slot; until the communication ends (37), the user terminal (11) sends communication end information to the billing processing subsystem (12-2-1).

Wherein, the bandwidth resource allocated by the bandwidth resource scheduler (12-3) for the service request is calculated by the following formula:

表示取小于或等于x的最大整数。In formula (7), C is the total bandwidth of the system, K is the threshold number of users, D is the allocated bandwidth, and the operator

Indicates to take the largest integer less than or equal to x.

It should be noted that the allocated bandwidth D=2 is a bandwidth resource specially reserved by the mobile switching center for the service of the user terminal, and will not be allocated to other services before the communication ends. Moreover, during the communication process, if the number of packets to be sent by the service exceeds the allocated bandwidth D in a certain time slot, you can dynamically apply for a new bandwidth resource temporarily to the mobile switching center; Immediately release temporarily increased bandwidth resources. When the mobile switching center receives a dynamic resource application from a user terminal, as long as there are remaining bandwidth resources in the system, it should try its best to allocate resources for the application; Packets can only be discarded.

In the fifth step, after the billing processing subsystem (12-2-1) receives the communication end information of the user terminal (11), it first stops counting (38), and subtracts the start time from the end time of the timer to obtain the total communication time, and then calculate the fee (39) according to the rate and communication time, and transmit the calculated fee information to the billing management subsystem (12-2-3).

Among them, it is known that the user has 100 packets to send, and the average rate μ=2 packets/time slot, so in general, its communication duration is 50 time slots, that is, the communication time T=50. The formula for calculating the cost of the billing processing subsystem (12-2-1) is:

F＝VT＝2×50＝100 (8)

In formula (8), V is the rate, T is the communication time, and F is the fee.

After the user terminal starts to communicate, the calculation method of the fee F=VT will encourage the user to avoid wasting idle time slots as much as possible, make full use of the bandwidth resources to complete the transmission as soon as possible, and release the occupied reserved bandwidth resources as soon as possible. Considering the calculation formula of communication time length, it will significantly reduce the situation that users do not send any data but occupy network resources and do not release them.

In the sixth step, the billing management subsystem (12-2-3) transmits the fee information that the user should charge for this business communication to the identity verification, authorization and accounting server (14); the identity verification, authorization and accounting server (14) By sending a bill to the user every month, and then paying the fee to the bank by the user himself, the charging of the user is finally completed.

To sum up, the network billing system based on the business model of the present invention makes the billing of the packet network change from the existing fixed rate to a floating fee based on the business model due to comprehensive consideration of the factors of service quality parameters and bandwidth utilization. Rate, so the billing system will become more reasonable; at the same time, due to the introduction of the hierarchical system of packet loss rate and statistical multiplexing gain in the billing system, it can not only promote the continuous network optimization and technology upgrade of network operators, but also guide Users spontaneously adjust their business models to minimize costs. The present invention is an incentive-compatible billing system that not only encourages operators to increase network capacity, but also encourages users to save bandwidth and efficiently transmit data, which is conducive to long-term benign interaction between users and operators, and realizes the maximization of network benefits .

The incentives for the network are: to promote the network to continuously increase the total bandwidth and transmission capacity of the system, that is, to improve the transmission supply capacity of the network, which helps to increase social welfare. Because the greater the total bandwidth of the system, the greater the gain of statistical multiplexing, the greater the number of users that can be connected to the network at the same time, and the greater the total income obtained.

The incentives for user terminals include: requiring appropriate communication quality, rather than blindly requiring the highest communication quality, because higher communication quality corresponds to higher rates; The data is sent as soon as possible, because this is beneficial to reduce the user's own expenses. At the same time, the user terminal spontaneously reduces the burstiness of the service transmission rate, which is actually service shaping, which is helpful for network scheduling management and resource utilization.

Claims (1)

1. network charge system based on business model, utilize the mobile switching centre of global system for mobile communications network and user terminal to hold consultation and service is provided, the cost information that the charge system of mobile switching centre should be collected the each communication of user terminal is reported to authentication, mandate and meter account server, is responsible for collecting the charges to the user by authentication, mandate and meter account server at last; Charge system is carried out following steps successively:

The first step, user terminal initiates to insert request to the access point controller of mobile switching centre, and submits the business model of requested service and the maximum packet loss that can tolerate to;

Second step, the charging preprocessing subsystem at first obtains business model and maximum packet loss from access point controller, from accounting management subsystem acquiring unit rate and overall system bandwidth, calculate rate then simultaneously, at last rate is passed to the charging processing subsystem as output;

In the 3rd step, charging processing subsystem and user terminal carry out rate to be consulted: the charging processing subsystem sends to user terminal with rate information; Whether user terminal receives the judgement of rate, if do not accept this rate, then stops inserting request, if accept this rate, then feeds back rate and receives information to the charging processing subsystem; After the charging processing subsystem receives that rate is received information, activate the bandwidth Resource Scheduler immediately and distribute bandwidth for this service request, then bandwidth allocation information is fed back to user terminal, the timer that starts the charging processing subsystem simultaneously picks up counting;

In the 4th step, user terminal begins communication after receiving the bandwidth allocation information of charging processing subsystem feedback, if certain time slot user service flow amount is greater than the bandwidth of distributing, then to the dynamic extra bandwidth resources of application of bandwidth resources scheduler; If system also has remaining bandwidth, then the bandwidth resources scheduler is extra bandwidth application Resources allocation; Otherwise then user terminal abandons the grouping bag that exceeds in this time slot; Up to sign off, user terminal sends sign off information to the charging processing subsystem;

The 5th step, after the charging processing subsystem is received the sign off information of user terminal, at first stop timing, and concluding time of timer is deducted the time started obtain total call duration time, pass to the accounting management subsystem then according to rate and call duration time computational costs, and with the cost information that calculates;

In the 6th step, the cost information that the accounting management subsystem should be collected this service communication of this user passes to authentication, mandate and meter account server; Authentication, mandate and meter account server were posted a bill by every month to the user, and the mode of being paid the fees to bank by user oneself is finally finished the charge to the user then;

It is characterized in that:

In the charge system of mobile switching centre, increase by one by the external Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EPROM of single-chip microcomputer and the charging preprocessing subsystem that random access memory constitutes; 4 required input parameters of this charging preprocessing subsystem work are respectively: come from the unit rate and the overall system bandwidth of accounting management subsystem, and the business model and the maximum packet loss that come from access point controller; Its rate of calculating gained outputs to the charging processing subsystem;

Business model in the described first step comprises two parameters: promptly needing the maximum quantity of the grouping bag that transmits in time slot is peak rate P _MaxWith the quantity of the grouping bag of needs transmission be that the probability of p is speed distribution function f (p);

Charging preprocessing subsystem in described second step adopts following computing formula:

Calculate that to need the par of the grouping bag that transmits in the time slot be the speed average:

$\mathrm{\&mu;}=\underset{p=0}{\overset{P\max }{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}p\&CenterDot;f\left(p\right)$

Calculate that to need the variance speed of the grouping bag quantity transmitted in the time slot be variance:

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^2=\underset{p=1}{\overset{P\max }{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{(p-\mathrm{\&mu;})}^2\&CenterDot;f\left(p\right)$

Computing system according to peak rate distribute bandwidth resources the number of users that can support simultaneously be minimum number of users:

$N=\frac{C}{P_{\max }}$

C in the formula is an overall system bandwidth;

It is system's packet loss that computing system grouping bag quantity to be passed surpasses the grouping bag drop probability that overall system bandwidth caused:

$L\left(n\right)=\underset{x=C+1}{\overset{2C+1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left(\frac{x-C}{x}\right)\&CenterDot;\mathrm{normpdf}(x,\mathrm{n\&mu;},n{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^2),n=N,N+1,\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;,C$

Normpdf in the formula (x, n μ, n σ ²) expression average n μ, variance n σ ²Normal distribution get the probability density of x value;

Calculate thresholding number of users K, promptly meet the maximum of the number of users of maximum packet loss requirement:

$K=\underset{n}{\mathrm{Max}\arg }\{L\left(n\right)\&le;L_{\max }<L(n+1),n=N,N+1,\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;,C\}$

L in the formula _MaxBe maximum packet loss;

Calculating at this business model and tolerable maximum packet loss thereof the rate that should collect:

V in the formula _UnitBe unit rate, operator

The smallest positive integral more than or equal to x is got in expression;

Bandwidth resources scheduler in described the 3rd step adopts the size of following formula dispensed bandwidth:

Charging processing subsystem in described the 5th step calculates the expense that these service communication needs of this user collect according to rate V and call duration time T:

F＝VT。

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