CN101442691B - Optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical cable monitoring system based on a passive light network system, which comprises a light network terminal unit, a light time domain reflection unit and a passive channel selection unit. The light network terminal unit is provided with a light network terminal, a first mixer, a third mixer and a wireless light network allotter which are sequentially connected, and a plurality of output ends of the wireless light network allotter are corresponding to a light network is provided with a master control unit which is connected with a light time domain reflector, an energy supply light transmitting module and a communication light transmitting module respectively. The energy supply light transmitting module and the communication light emitting module are both connected with the fourth mixer in the passive channel selection cell through the second mixer. The fourth mixer in the passive channel selection unit is connected with a communication light receiving module and a light energy conversion module respectively, wherein the light energy conversion module is connected with the communication light receiving module and a slave control unit, and the slave control unit is connected with the communication light receiving module and the optical fiber channel selection module respectively. The optical cable monitoring system can detect any branch of the PON system and give out warning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical cable monitoring system.Particularly relate to the optical cable that a kind of OTDR of use monitors passive optical network, and the optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network that the fault of optical cable is positioned.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the high speed development of Internet, the user constantly improves the demand of the network bandwidth, and traditional Access Network has become the bottleneck in the whole network, replaces with new broadband access technology, has become the inexorable trend of development.(Passive Optical Network, PON) technology more and more receives people's attention as the Optical Fiber Transmission and the access technology of a kind of point to multiple spot to EPON.As the final solution of " last kilometer ", progressively accepted by vast operator, obtain large-scale application at present in the world.This system can be divided into APON, EPON and GPON according to the difference of transmission mechanism.They all are to adopt descending employing broadcast mode, up employing time division multiple access way; All adopt passive device.Do not need power supply unit at optical branch point, only need to install a simple light distributor and get final product, therefore have advantages such as machine room investment, device security height are shared, saved to the cable resource of saving, bandwidth resources, networking speed is fast, integrated cost is low.
Be illustrated in figure 1 as basic PON network model.
Passive optical network PON has ONT Optical Network Terminal OLT 1, Optical Distribution Network ODN 2 and optic network user terminal ONU/ONT3 three parts to connect and compose in order; Wherein ONT Optical Network Terminal links to each other with the one-input terminal of Optical Distribution Network through optical fiber, and many outputs of Optical Distribution Network are connected with a plurality of optical-fiber network user sides through optical fiber.
EPON is from the ONT Optical Network Terminal incoming light signal, and light signal is sent to Optical Distribution Network through optical fiber, and through a plurality of output ports of Optical Distribution Network, light signal finally arrives optic network user terminal.
The transmission plan of EPON is with 1310nm wavelength transmission narrow band service signal, with 1550nm wavelength transmission broadband service signal.Adopt Multi-point Control Protocol MPCP, time division multiplexing tdm A and measuring technology simultaneously.
Reduce installation, management and operation cost because PON has, improve rate of return on investment, increase new revenue opportunities, characteristics such as retain its competitive edge for a long time and receive the welcome of operator deeply.A lot of operators adopt PON as access way, and miscellaneous services such as data, voice, video are provided for the user, obtain income.And set up a good stability, reliability PON system high, that be convenient to safeguard is the prerequisite that operator obtains income.
There is an important problem in said PON system in practical application, be exactly how each branch's light path to be carried out trouble shooting, and after finding there is fault, can distinguish fault and appear at branch's light path still at user terminal.Because the territorial scope that optic fibre light path covers is often very broad; The circuit of its network own is more complicated again, and branched optical cable way amount is huge, so in a single day branch's light path goes wrong; Realize that then fault location is relatively more difficult fast, this problem is that the maintenance cost of minimizing system has proposed a difficult problem.The telecommunication cable transmission network has become the information superhighway of carrying huge amount of information at present.Therefore, guarantee its safety, unimpeded be very important.
Optical time domain reflectometer OTDR is a kind of powerful instrument of testing optical fiber state in the communication network.It has used the light path detection technique of comparative maturity in the point-to-point optical transmission system; Back scattering and Fresnel inversion principle according to light are made; The information that rear orientation light when utilizing light in optical fiber, to propagate obtains to decay; Can be used for measuring optical fiber decay, splicing loss, fiber failure point location and understand optical fiber along the loss distribution situation of length etc.; If the optical fiber damage has perhaps been ruptured, whether OTDR can find out the position of damage rapidly and detect reparation proper, is necessary tool in optical cable construction, maintenance and the monitoring.
But still can there be certain problem in OTDR in the system applies of putting multiple spot.Because the OTDR technology is treated the length on photometry road special requirement is arranged, can not differentiate the identical branch's light path of length.Because if the length of two branch roads is identical, the test signal that they reflect can arrive OTDR simultaneously, and OTDR just can't distinguish, if line fault also to be hard to tell Chu be the fault that which bar circuit occurs on earth.It can only differentiate length different branches light path, and existing OTDR can only differ the different branches light path of 5~10m respectively, if 32 ONU are arranged; To cause being divided into 5m to the branch road optical fiber of ONU; 10m, 15m ... .160m wait different length; It is very huge that ODN will become, and maintenance difficulties strengthens.OTDR will pass the ODN of 1x32 or 1x64 in addition, needs very big test dynamic range, requires very high resolving power simultaneously again, requires very high to OTDR.Yet in the optical-fiber network of reality, especially exist in the light path branch of multiple spot that a large amount of light path degree equate or basic situation about equating putting, at this moment OTDR has lost effect owing to differentiating length, can't normally detect light path, fault location position.
At present, the optical cable monitoring system based on the PON system roughly has following scheme:
1, change the scheme of the doping content of ONU optical fiber: this scheme has changed the doping content of each ONU place branch road optical fiber, and the light frequency that ONU is reflected is different, so just can distinguish the situation of each bar branch road.This scheme is feasible in theory, but in implementation process, is difficult to accomplish.Because be difficult to find the doping different fibers (the PON system has 32 branch roads at most now, has 64 tunnel even more in the future) of so much branch road, to produce if producer is special, expense will be very high.
2, increase the scheme of AWG array waveguide grating: this scheme is mainly used among the WDMPON.Increase an AWG at the OLT system end; And 3% the light told of main line passed through AWG; And detecting the situation of the light of each wavelength thereafter in real time; In case do not detect the light time of one road wavelength, the reception wavelength of just regulating OTDR is wavelength for this reason, and drives the light of this wavelength of laser emission of that road wavelength.Owing to be the WDMPON system, the light of this wavelength only can arrive that specific branch road, so just can detect the situation of this branch road.This scheme can only be applied in the WDMPON system, and expense is very high.Because increase an AWG, also want the OTDR of a wavelength-tunable.
3, regulate the scheme of ONU fiber distance: if the length of two branch roads is identical, their spikes of reflecting can coincide together and can't distinguish so.So this scheme will be regulated the length of each bar branch road, make their length all inequality, the spike that reflects like this can have nothing in common with each other, and just can judge the situation of each bar branch road.This scheme is fairly simple, and only being used in ODN, to add some optical fiber at the back just passable.But this scheme is very high to the requirement of OTDR, and particularly its dynamic range is very big.Because in the time of light process ODN, have very big decay, if the dynamic range of OTDR has not quite just received radiating light.The emission signal that it is all branch roads that this scheme also has a shortcoming all overlaps on a curve, though can distinguish the spike that ONU reflects, other local situation just is difficult to know in the circuit.Because this curve is the stack of the reflected signal of all circuit, the reflected signal of a concrete circuit just can't have been known.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network that provides a kind of OTDR of use that each branch's light path in the optical-fiber network is tested.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopted is: a kind of optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network includes: the ONT Optical Network Terminal unit; The optical time domain reflection unit and the passive routing unit that link to each other with the ONT Optical Network Terminal unit through mixer respectively; Described optical time domain reflection unit also links to each other with passive routing unit through optical fiber; Described ONT Optical Network Terminal unit includes ONT Optical Network Terminal, first mixer, the 3rd mixer and the EPON distributor that links to each other successively through optical fiber; The corresponding input that connects one the 5th mixer of each output in a plurality of outputs of described EPON distributor; The output of each the 5th mixer connects an optic network user terminal; Described passive routing unit include with the optical time domain reflection unit in the 4th mixer that links to each other of second mixer; Described the 4th mixer connects communication Optical Receivers and transform light energy module respectively; Described transform light energy module connects the communication Optical Receivers again respectively and from control unit, describedly connects communication Optical Receivers and optical fiber route selection module respectively from control unit, and described optical fiber route selection module is the 1xN optical switch; The input of this optical fiber route selection module connects the 3rd mixer in the ONT Optical Network Terminal unit; A plurality of the 5th mixers that a plurality of output was connected of EPON distributor connect one to one in a plurality of outputs of described optical fiber route selection module and the ONT Optical Network Terminal unit, thereby, connect an optic network user terminal through each the 5th mixer.
Described optical time domain reflection unit includes: main control unit; Described main control unit connects optical time domain reflectometer, energy supply light emission module and communication light emission module respectively; Described energy supply light emission module all is connected second mixer with the communication light emission module; Described second mixer connects the 4th mixer in the passive routing unit through optical fiber, and described optical time domain reflectometer connects first mixer.
The detection signal of described optical time domain reflectometer detects every optic network user terminal through the optical fiber route selection module one by one.
Described main control unit is given the transform light energy module charging of the passive routing unit of far-end through the energy supply light emission module.
The transform light energy module of described passive routing unit is given the communication Optical Receivers respectively, is supplied required electric energy from control unit, optical fiber route selection module.
Described main control unit sends switching command through the communication light emission module, sends instruction through the internal communication interface to optical time domain reflectometer, tests.
Describedly obtain instruction through the communication Optical Receivers, drive the optical fiber route selection module through the internal electrical interface and switch routing from control unit.
Optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the position that provides several ONU that other monitoring systems can only be blured, when ONU blocked, the ONU that can not in the location, block is position accurately specifically; Because add the multichannel optical switch of a 1xN in the ODN of the present invention system, like this, the test light of OTDR can be passed through this multichannel optical switch, directly arrives any one branch road of OLT system, locatees the accurate position of any one branch road.
2, initiatively the pump laser of test cell can be to the photocell energy supply of ODN system through optical fiber through being placed in, and this photocell optical switch again provides driving force, has solved the passive requirement of ODN system well.
3, because test light not through the very big ODN of attenuation, has therefore reduced the dynamic range requirement of OTDR.
4, owing to skipped ODN, can directly test each branch road, so need not ODN is adjusted to different length to each branch road of ONU, both practiced thrift cost, also reduced installation requirement and maintenance requirement.
5, be enough to meet the demands owing to conventional OTDR dynamic range, thus need not in client's ONU, to add the speculum that strengthens albedo, so saved the cost of each client.
6, pass through the order control of the control unit of OLT system, can any branch road of PON system be detected and out of order the time, give a warning.That is, only test a branch road each time, can understand the situation of this branch road well.Through poll, just can know the situation of all branch roads of whole system again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the PON network system of prior art constitutes block diagram;
Fig. 2 is that the optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network of the present invention constitutes block diagram;
Fig. 3 is the operation principle flow chart of the optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network of the present invention.
Wherein:
100: 111: the first mixers of ONT Optical Network Terminal
113: the three mixers of 112: the second mixers
Mixer 120 in 114: the four: optical time domain reflectometer
130: energy supply light emission module 140: main control unit
150: communication light emission module 160: the EPON distributor
170: transform light energy module 180: the communication Optical Receivers
190: from control unit 200: the optical fiber route selection module
300: optical time domain reflection unit 310: the ONT Optical Network Terminal unit
320: passive routing unit 350: optic network user terminal
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing the optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network of the present invention is made detailed description.
OTDR (optical time domain reflectometer) is a kind of very mature technique; But it just is applicable to the measurement of point-to-point, in the system of putting multiple spot, because each branch road meeting while reflection measurement signal; The OTDR of prior art can't distinguish the state of each branch road, thereby loses measuring ability.The present invention improves to multipoint transport network traditional point, introduces a 1xN multichannel optical switch at the ODN place of PON system, and test signal is walked around ODN, after opening the light through multichannel light, is connected with each branch behind WDM mixer and the ODN again.Because 1xN multichannel optical switch has only one the tunnel to be communicated with each time; Therefore each test light only can arrive a branch road; Make each test signal can only arrive an ONU/ONT; Change point-to-point into thereby realized to put multiple spot, make ODTR optical test path technology can in putting the PON system of multiple spot, test the state of each bar branch road.Through the switching of multichannel optical switch, can detect the state of all paths.
As shown in Figure 2, the optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network of the present invention includes: ONT Optical Network Terminal unit 310; The optical time domain reflection unit 300 and passive routing unit 320 that link to each other with ONT Optical Network Terminal unit 310 through mixer respectively; Described optical time domain reflection unit 300 also links to each other with passive routing unit 320 through optical fiber.
Described ONT Optical Network Terminal unit 310 includes the ONT Optical Network Terminal that links to each other successively through optical fiber 100, first mixer 111, the 3rd mixer 113 and EPON distributor 160; The corresponding input that connects one the 5th mixer 115 of each output in a plurality of outputs of described EPON distributor 160, the output of each the 5th mixer 115 connects an optic network user terminal 350.
Described optical time domain reflection unit 300 includes: main control unit 140, described main control unit 140 connects optical time domain reflectometer 120, energy supply light emission module 130 and communication light emission module 150 respectively, is continuous with the form of electrical interface.Described energy supply light emission module 130 all is connected second mixer 112 with communication light emission module 150; Described second mixer 112 connects the 4th mixer 114 in the passive routing unit 320 through optical fiber, and described optical time domain reflectometer 120 connects first mixer 111.Described main control unit 140 sends switching command through communication light emission module 150, sends instruction for optical time domain reflectometer 120 through the internal communication interface, tests.
Described optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) 120 can adopt the OTDR of low-dynamic range cheaply, and dynamic range is only required greater than 20dB and just can be met the demands.This optical time domain reflectometer 120 links to each other with the output fibre core of ONT Optical Network Terminal (OLT) 100 through the form of first mixer 111 with optical interface.
The described communication light emission module 150 that is used for the energy supply light emission module 130 of optical fiber energy supply and is used for communication is to link to each other with the form of redundant fibre core with optical interface through second mixer 112, and the two shares a fibre core.This light emission module can adopt conventional power light source, and power output is greater than 20dBm.
Passive routing unit 320 energy supplies that master control module 140 is given far-end through energy supply light emission module 130, transform light energy module 170 chargings of promptly giving the passive routing unit 320 of far-end through energy supply light emission module 130.Send switching command for passive routing unit 320 through communication light emission module 150.
Described passive routing unit 320 include with optical time domain reflection unit 300 in the 4th mixer 114 that links to each other of second mixer 112; Described the 4th mixer 114 connects communication Optical Receivers 180 and transform light energy module 170 respectively; Described transform light energy module 170 connects communication Optical Receivers 180 again respectively and from control unit 190, describedly connects communication Optical Receivers 180 and optical fiber route selection module 200 respectively from control unit 190.
The described communication Optical Receivers 180 that is used for the transform light energy module 170 of optical fiber energy supply and is used for communication links to each other with the form of redundant fibre core with optical interface through the 4th mixer 114, and with optical time domain reflection unit 300 energy supply optical fiber, the shared same fibre core of communication optical fiber.Described transform light energy module 170 is a photocell.The transform light energy module 170 of the passive routing of described far-end unit 320 is given communication Optical Receivers 180 respectively, is supplied required electric energy from control unit 190, optical fiber route selection module 200.
Describedly obtain instruction through communication Optical Receivers 180, drive optical fiber route selection module 200 through the internal electrical interface and switch routing from control unit 190.
Described optical fiber route selection module 200 is a 1xN multichannel optical switch, is generally 1x8,1x16,1x32,1x64 road optical switch.The input of this optical fiber route selection module 200 connects the 3rd mixer 113 in the ONT Optical Network Terminal unit 310; Form with optical interface links to each other with the input fibre core of EPON distributor (ODN) 160; A plurality of the 5th mixers 115 that a plurality of output was connected of EPON distributor 160 connect one to one in a plurality of outputs of described optical fiber route selection module 200 and the ONT Optical Network Terminal unit 310; Form with optical interface links to each other with the multichannel output of EPON distributor (ODN) 160; Thereby, also connect an optic network user terminal 350 through each the 5th mixer 115.Can the OTDR test signal be strobed into any one client terminal (ONU) 350 branch roads through optical fiber route selection module 200 like this, the detection signal of described optical time domain reflectometer 120 is detected every optic network user terminal 350 through optical switch 200 one by one.
Optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network of the present invention except OLT, has also connected the optical time domain reflectometer OTDR 120, energy supply light emission module 130, main control unit 140 and the communication light emission module 150 that are used to detect network.At the OLT system end, use the WDM mixer that OTDR is linked to each other with the main line of OLT, make light signal that comes from OLT and the test signal that comes from OTDR can synthesize one road signal.Wherein: OLT is used to receive and transmit the transmission signals from signal sending end; OTDR is used for each branch's light path of optical-fiber network is detected as the optical time domain reflectometer access network, judges the position that whether each branch's light path breaks down and the back failure judgement takes place fault; Main control unit 140 is at first controlled communication light emission module 150 and is sent instructions to the ODN system, lets its optical switch switch to the passage of appointment, after waiting for a period of time, controls OTDR 120 again and sends the detection pulse, and whether the passage that detects appointment is normal.Main control unit 140 mainly is a single chip control module; Can adopt the C51 single-chip microcomputer C8051F020 of Silabs company; Communication light emission module 150 mainly is a laser emitting module; Can adopt conventional optical transceiver module, present embodiment is selected the radiating portion of the 1x9 155Mbps of Source Photonics company optical transceiver module for use.
In Optical Distribution Network ODN system,, can the test signal of OTDR be filtered down at WDM splitter of front end use of ODN.One end of WDM splitter links to each other with a 1xN multichannel optical switch element, and the multichannel optical switch links to each other respectively with N the branch road of ODN again, and the light that each OTDR is sent out all can only arrive an OUN/OUT.Communication Optical Receivers 180 after receiving the switching command that main control unit 140 sends passes to it from control unit 190, sends switching command again from control unit 190, lets optical fiber route selection module 200 switch to the passage of appointment.Communication Optical Receivers 180 mainly is the laser pick-off module, can adopt the receiving unit of the 1x9 155Mbps of Source Photonics company optical transceiver module; From control unit 190 mainly is single chip control module, can adopt the C51 single-chip microcomputer C8051F020 of Silabs company.In addition; If in the time of test, find that the test pulse of OTDR is more weak at certain bar branch road, can before the ONU of this circuit, add a WDM; This WDM can reflect the test pulse of OTDR; And the signal of communication of PON system is not influenced, so just can strengthen the test pulse signal of reflection, clearly detect the situation of circuit.
Consider that the ODN system often is placed on the open air, electric energy may not be provided, and communication Optical Receivers of the present invention 180, all need electric energy from control unit 190 and optical fiber route selection module 200.Therefore the present invention has designed the communication light emission module 150 of main control unit 140 connections in optical time domain reflection unit 300; Communication light emission module 150 backs connect the WDM splitter; With pump light filter down and give the transform light energy module that constitutes by photocell 170 chargings; Filled electric transform light energy module 170 to communication Optical Receivers 180, from control unit 190 and optical fiber route selection module 200 electric energy is provided, can give in the ODN system in this way need the equipment of electric energy that electric energy is provided.
The present invention relates to based on the operation principle of the optical cable monitoring system of PON system referring to shown in Fig. 9 flow process:
When work; Optical time domain reflectometer OTDR 120 need receive through fiber channel and come from the reflected signal of branch's light path so that carry out the light path detection; Therefore at the OLT system end; OTDR and OLT pass through together incoming fiber optic passage of first mixer 111, and the test signal of OTDR and the source signal of OLT are through same channel co-transmitted.
When needs are tested; The main control unit 140 of optical time domain reflection unit 300 sends switching command; Switching command is passed to communication light emission module 150, and communication light emission module 150 is converted into light signal with the signal of telecommunication, is given to the communication Optical Receivers 180 of passive routing unit 320 through optical fiber.In order to reduce power consumption; Passive routing unit 320 in the most of the time, all be in resting state from control unit 190; After communication Optical Receivers 180 is received switching command; To wake up and switching command will be passed to it from control unit 190, according to switching command optical fiber route selection module 200 switched to the passage of appointment from control unit 190.The main control unit 140 of optical time domain reflection unit 300 is restarted OTDR 120 and is sent detection light.Light signal will have part signal radiation back end when optic path, light reflection peak point will occur at light joint, light end face and light breakpoint.Peak point according to these light reflections just can judge whether change branch road fault occurred.As fault has appearred, just produce alarm signal.Then main control unit 140 judges whether to have detected all branch roads, it's not true just continues the detection that says the word, and the words of having accomplished are with regard to detection of end.
Claims (7)
1. the optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network is characterized in that, includes: ONT Optical Network Terminal unit (310); The optical time domain reflection unit (300) and the passive routing unit (320) that link to each other with ONT Optical Network Terminal unit (310) through mixer respectively; Described optical time domain reflection unit (300) also links to each other with passive routing unit (320) through optical fiber; Described ONT Optical Network Terminal unit (310) includes ONT Optical Network Terminal (100), first mixer (111), the 3rd mixer (113) and the EPON distributor (160) that links to each other successively through optical fiber; The corresponding input that connects one the 5th mixer (115) of each output in a plurality of outputs of described EPON distributor (160); The output of each the 5th mixer (115) connects an optic network user terminal (350); Described passive routing unit (320) include with optical time domain reflection unit (300) in the 4th mixer (114) that links to each other of second mixer (112); Described the 4th mixer (114) connects communication Optical Receivers (180) and transform light energy module (170) respectively; Described transform light energy module (170) connects communication Optical Receivers (180) again respectively and from control unit (190); Describedly connect communication Optical Receivers (180) and optical fiber route selection module (200) respectively from control unit (190); Described optical fiber route selection module (200) is the 1xN optical switch; The input of this optical fiber route selection module (200) connects the 3rd mixer (113) in the ONT Optical Network Terminal unit (310); A plurality of outputs of described optical fiber route selection module (200) connect one to one with a plurality of the 5th mixers (115) that a plurality of output was connected of ONT Optical Network Terminal unit (310) middle EPON distributor (160), thereby, connect an optic network user terminal (350) through each the 5th mixer (115).
2. the optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described optical time domain reflection unit (300) includes: main control unit (140); Described main control unit (140) connects optical time domain reflectometer (120), energy supply light emission module (130) and communication light emission module (150) respectively; Described energy supply light emission module (130) all is connected second mixer (112) with communication light emission module (150), and described second mixer (112) connects the 4th mixer (114) in the passive routing unit (320) through optical fiber, and described optical time domain reflectometer (120) connects first mixer (111).
3. the optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the detection signal of described optical time domain reflectometer (120) detects every optic network user terminal (350) through optical fiber route selection module (200) one by one.
4. the optical cable monitoring system of stating according to claim 2 based on passive optical network is characterized in that, described main control unit (140) is given transform light energy module (170) charging of the passive routing unit (320) of far-end through energy supply light emission module (130).
5. the optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the transform light energy module (170) of described passive routing unit (320) is given communication Optical Receivers (180) respectively, supplied required electric energy from control unit (190), optical fiber route selection module (200).
6. the optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Described main control unit (140) sends switching command through communication light emission module (150), sends instruction for optical time domain reflectometer (120) through the internal communication interface, tests.
7. the optical cable monitoring system based on passive optical network according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Describedly obtain instruction through communication Optical Receivers (180), drive optical fiber route selection module (200) through the internal electrical interface and switch routing from control unit (190).
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