CN101418888A - 软管的热绝缘 - Google Patents
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Abstract
披露了软管本体、一种制造软管本体的方法和一种制造软管的方法。软管本体包括一流体保留层、至少一层张力保护层、至少一层在所述至少一层张力保护层中最外面一层上的挤压热绝缘层以及所述绝热层上的一外保护层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种软管本体,其可以用于构成适于传输矿油、原油或类似产液的软管类型。尤其是,但并不排除其它的,本发明涉及一种在其最外面的保护层上具有挤压热绝缘层的软管本体。
背景技术
传统地,软管用来把产液从一个地方传输到另一个地方,例如油和/或气和/或水。软管在把海底位置连接到海面位置方面尤其有用。软管通常由软管本体和一个或多个端接头组装而成。所述软管本体通常由复合层状材料制成,组成液体和承压管。所述管结构允许巨大的挠曲而不会引起弯应力,该应力会损害管在寿命期内的功能。所述管本体通常由包含金属层和聚合物层的复合结构制成。
在很多已知的软管设计中,管包括一层或多层可拉伸的保护层。在这种层上的主要载荷是张力。在高压的应用中,例如在深水和超深水环境中,所述可拉伸的保护层会面临高张力载荷,其来自于内部压力端盖载荷以及重量。由于这种条件会经历长期的一段时间,因此这会引起所述软管的损坏。基于此,如果防止了保护层的腐蚀,这将是有用的,因为不然的话,这种腐蚀将会减小所述管的工作寿命。
没有保护的软管已能够在深水(小于3300英尺(1005.84米))和超深水(大于3300英尺)的开发中使用15年以上。该技术使该行业在九十年代初开始就能在深水中生产,然后在90年代末使超深水达到约6500英尺(1981.2米)。大于6500英尺的水深超过了典型的自由悬挂提升器结构和软管通常能够工作的极限。
在环境条件更加极端的越来越深的位置开采石油是日益增长的需求。在这种深水和超深水环境下,洋底温度会增加产液冷却到一个导致管路堵塞的温度的风险。例如,当传输原油时,会由于石蜡成份产生软管的内孔道堵塞。之前已经提出一种作为克服这种问题的方法,在软管的壁板层周围应该设置热绝缘层,所述壁板层作为组成液体沿其传输的内孔道的层。该热绝缘在所述管内孔道与外界的低温间的绝热上有一定的效果由此有利于防止堵塞。但是所提供的绝热效果是有限的。
已知的绝热技术中的另一个问题是,这种由所谓合成泡沫制造的绝热层通常应用于呈螺旋型缠绕的绝缘带形式。这些合成泡沫通常包含使用嵌入的非聚合物(例如玻璃)微球的聚丙烯基体。这种技术的缺点是对于绝热层他们包括两个制造工艺;第一步挤压出适合的绝缘带,第二步把绝缘带缠绕到软管本体上。
使用已知的绝缘带绝热技术还有另一个缺点是在外保护层和内壁板层之间的环形区域里的水的露点位于温度相对较低的外保护层内。这是个问题,因为来自通过内壁板层的渗水的水蒸气能通过绝缘带层自由地转移到温度较低的外保护层形成液体。由此形成的液体将可能引起对钢或其他金属丝组成的保护层的腐蚀。
已知的绝热技术还有另一个缺点是在外保护层损坏的情形下,例如在油气田安装软管期间,在软管所述保护层和壁板层之间的环形区会进入海水。这会增加钢/金属保护丝腐蚀的风险,导致所述软管早早的损坏。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是至少部分的减轻上述提到的问题。
本发明具体实施例的一个目的是提供能用于传输产液类型的软管的软管本体,其包括在所述软管的内部流体保留层例如壁板层或里衬和外保护层之间的热绝缘层。
本发明具体实施例的一个目的是提供软管本体,其减小由于通过内部流体保留层的渗水和/或外保护层损坏的情形产生的保护层腐蚀的风险。
本发明具体实施例的一个目的是提供一种提升器装置和制造能在深水和超深水环境下工作的软管的方法。
根据本发明的第一个目的,提供用于软管的软管本体,所述软管本体包括:
一流体保留层;
至少一层张力保护层;
至少一层在所述至少一层张力保护层中最外面一层上的挤压热绝缘层;以及
所述绝热层上的一外保护层。
根据本发明的第二个目的,提供一种制造软管本体的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供管状流体保留层;
在流体保留层上形成至少一层张力保护层;
在所述至少一层张力保护层中最外面一层上挤压出一热绝缘层;以及
在绝热层上形成一外保护层。
根据本发明的第三个目的,提供一种制造软管的方法,包括以下步骤:
把各个端接头紧固到软管本体部分两个自由端的每一个上;和
在紧固步骤中,把端接头密封到在软管本体中最外面的张力保护层和外保护层之间形成的挤压热绝缘层,由此形成沿软管长度方向上从端接头到端接头间的液态水壁板。
本发明具体实施例提供了软管本体,其中在外张力保护层的外表面挤压出一热绝缘层。这形成在所述软管端接头之间沿软管本体连续的层。由此该绝热层从所述软管的端到端被密封。在绝热层的外表面挤压出保护层,这有许多优点。首先,提供了热绝缘层减少或消除内管孔道的堵塞,例如当传输原油时通过保证在壁板层内的温度不降到石蜡的浊点以下。第二个优点是防止水蒸气从传输液体通过壁板层或里衬穿过环形区到所述水蒸气由于冷温转变成液态水的外保护层内的对流。这种水液可能反过来渗回管的内孔道并可能腐蚀任何保护层。第三,挤压绝热层提供了额外的壁板防止液态水进入如果外保护层意外破裂可能有金属丝的区域。这样检测管路的需要可以延缓或避免。
下面将仅仅作为示例描述本发明的具体实施例。
附图说明
图1示出了软管本体;
图2示出了垂线提升器;
图3示出了制造过程;
图4示出了制造过程;以及
图5示出了制造过程;
图中相同的数字标识对应相同的部件。
具体实施方式
整篇说明书中会提到软管。可以理解软管是管本体部分和一个或多个端接头的组装体,每个端接头端接在管本体的端部。图1示出了根据本发明具体实施例如何从形成承压管的复合层材料组成管本体100。尽管图1里示出了许多特定的层,可以理解的是本发明通常可以应用于包含两层或更多层的复合管本体结构。
如图1所示,一管本体通常包括最里面的构架层101。该构架提供了能用作完全或部分防止内压管道102由于管路降压、外部压力、张力保护层压力以及机械挤压载荷产生破裂的最内层的联接金属结构。要理解的是本发明具体实施例能应用于“光滑内孔道”和这种“粗糙内孔道”管本体。
内压管道102作为流体保留层,通常包含保证内部液体完整的聚合物层。要理解的是这个壁板层本身可以包含许多子层。将会理解当可选的构架层被利用时,流体保留层通常被称作壁板层。在没有这种构架(所谓光滑内孔道作业)的作业中,保留层可称作里衬。
压力保护层103是铺设角度接近90°的结构层,用来增加软管对内部和外部压力以及机械挤压载荷的抵抗性。该层在结构上也支撑内压管道并通常包括联接金属结构。
软管本体也可以包括一层或更多层的绝缘带104和第一张力保护层105和第二张力保护层106。每层张力保护层为铺设角度通常在20°和55°之间的结构层。每层用于承受张力负载和内部压力。该张力保护层通常成对的相对缠绕。
软管本体通常也包括外保护层107,其包括用于保护管防止海水进入和其他外部环境、腐蚀、磨损和机械损害的聚合物层。
每个软管包括至少一个部分,有时称作节段或管本体100部分,以及与其一起的定位于软管至少一个端部的端接头。端接头提供形成软管本体和连接器之间换接的机械装置。所示的不同的管层,例如在图1里以在软管和连接器之间传递载荷的这种方式端接到端接头。
图2示出了适于把例如油和/或气和/或水这种产液从海底位置201传输到浮动设备202的提升器装置200。例如,图2中海底位置201是海底流体管路。软流体管路203包括全部或部分安装在海底204或埋入海底的软管并用于静止的场合。浮动设备可以是平台和/或浮体或如图2所示的船舶提供。提升器200可以是挠性提升器,那就是说软管把船舶连接到海底装置。
图2也示出了软管本体部分如何能利用为油管205或跨接管206。
可以理解有各种类型的提升器,如本领域技术人员众所周知。本发明具体实施例可以使用任何类型的提升器,例如自由悬挂的(自由,垂线提升器),受一定程度限制的提升器(浮体、链),完全受限提升器或封闭在管筒里(I或J管筒)。
如图1所示,在外张力保护层106的外表面挤压出一热绝缘层108。该热绝缘层108在位于软管本体部分任一个端部的端接头之间形成连续的层。可以理解图1所示的层的厚度不是按比例,实际上绝热层108可以比显示的相对更厚或更薄。连续并密封的绝热层的功能是三重的。该层适当的提供了热绝缘层。该热绝缘层108适当的阻止了从环形区到外保护层内表面的水蒸气对流。该绝热层也适当的提供了额外的壁板以防水从绝热层外表面进入环形区。尽管图1中未示出,可以理解软管本体可以在热绝缘层108和外保护层107之间形成更多的层。
要注意的是,通过直接在外张力加强层的外表面挤压绝热层(或者如图1所示,在外张力保护层106上形成的绝缘带层上),制造步骤数与传统软管本体相比减少了。其结果是成本降低。
还有通过直接在外张力加强层的外表面挤压绝热层108并把它密封在端接头里,从管的内部区域向外到保护层内表面的水蒸气对流被阻止。这提高了在内压保护层外表面和挤压绝热层内表面之间包含钢加强丝的环形区域里的水的露点温度。这样就阻止或减少了在环形区内的水冷凝和随之发生的钢丝剥蚀。
还有通过直接在外张力加强层的外表面挤压绝热层并把它密封在端接头里,在绝热层108和外保护层107之间的冷凝水不能流入环形区并产生对钢丝的腐蚀环境。
另外还是通过直接在外张力加强层的外表面挤压绝热层108并把它密封在端接头里,将会避免当外保护层107损坏时软管的环形区进水。这样绝热层有效的作为一额外的液态水保护层使用。
对于期望/需要良好的抗压强度和压缩蠕变性能抵抗管外部静水压压力的深水应用,绝热层可以包括抗高压元件,例如玻璃微球。这在后面会更加详细的描述。
在存在较低的外部压力条件的适中水深的应用中,可以理解挤压绝热层不需要这种抗压元件,其他类型的挤压材料可以被使用。这也将在后面更详细的描述。
图3示出了根据本发明具体实施例在软管本体内部部分应用挤压热绝缘层108的方法。根据图3制造的挤压热绝缘层108包括一包含中空玻璃微球300的合成泡沫的挤压型材。
聚合物可以例如是熔体流动速率MFR=4.5-6.0g/10min(在230℃/2.16Kg)的聚丙烯(例如,“Hifax”EBS 153D NAT,或Hifax”EKS 157D NAT)。适当地,微球具有足够的水静压压力抵抗性,因此至少一预定比例例如80%的球经历10分钟265巴的压力测试后无损。这种微球的一个例子是强度等级为38HS和/或38XHS的3M玻璃泡。适当地在挤压绝热层的挤压工序(管面涂层)中把微球混合到聚合物中,不优先地与混合工序分开。每个额外的工序会增加微球损坏的数量从而不利的影响挤压绝热层的绝热特性。优选地,混合和挤压由双螺杆挤压机来完成。这是另一个措施来保持微球最低的损坏数量从而取得良好的热绝缘特性。微球和聚合物的混合物由螺杆304和圆筒305装置送进十字头306,在那里软管本体预成型部分以图3所示的箭头方向引入。可选地在挤压工序中使用一放气孔307。内管是预成型的,因此外表面为外张力保护层106或涂敷外保护金属丝层的绝缘带层104。取决于软管需要的挠性,可能需要在挤压绝热层的外表面开槽。这可以通过位于挤压机十字头后面的波纹板轧机实现。冷却装置308绝缘的管本体具有冷却装置,可选地在形成外保护层107后它可以在其周围形成更多的层。
图4示出了另一个在软管本体上应用挤压热绝缘层的方法。如图4所示热绝缘层108可以是以热塑塑料为基体使用泡沫塑料微球的合成泡沫的挤压型材。
热塑塑料基体可以例如是熔体流动指数为10或更高、MFI大于10的聚丙烯(PP)或热塑性弹性体(TPE)。可膨胀微球包含发泡剂。这些使用低熔点聚合物(Tm<<180℃)的微球(例如Expancel 950 DU 120或950 DU 80)的母料被加到基体热塑材料上(例如PP,TPE)。混合物400由单螺杆或双螺杆挤压机挤压。在挤压工序中,聚合物加热到160°和220°之间。适当地,聚合物加热到接近于180°到200°。在这个温度微球里的发泡剂起反应从而使微球膨胀到它们原始直径的大约40倍。应该注意的是微球在250°会损坏,因此挤压期间的熔融温度不应该接近这个温度。取决于软管需要的挠性,可能需要在挤压绝热层外表面开槽。这可以通过位于挤压机十字头后面的波纹板轧机实现。
根据本发明一个替代的具体实施例,应用挤压热绝缘的另一个方案是挤压带化学发泡剂的热塑聚合物(例如PP,TPE)。在这个方法中,供料给挤压机的聚合物不包含微球。在挤压工序期间,聚合物被加热,发泡剂起反应产生气体在聚合物里膨胀使其形成泡沫。取决于软管需要的挠性,可能需要在挤压绝热层外表面开槽。这可以通过位于挤压机十字头后面的波纹板轧机实现。这个挤压热绝缘泡沫制造工艺的装置和如图4所示的使用膨胀塑料微球的挤压复合热绝缘相同。
根据本发明另一个具体实施例,热塑聚合物(例如PP,TPE或类似物)的挤压热绝缘泡沫也可以通过物理发泡剂形成。在这个方法中,一超临界液体(例如CO2或N2或类似物)优选的装入位于挤压机圆筒和十字头之间的发泡单元(例如Sulzer光泡单元或类似装置)。可替换的,超临界液体也可以装入挤压机圆筒中。在超临界状态(高压下)下,液体在聚合物里具有非常高的溶度并均匀的溶化在聚合物熔体里。当十字头中的压力下降,液体的溶度猛烈下降,液体到气体的相变导致聚合物熔体里产生许多非常小的空隙,形成聚合微泡。取决于软管需要的挠性,可能需要在挤压绝热层外表面开槽。这可以通过位于挤压机十字头后面的波纹板轧机实现。这个使用物理发泡剂的挤压热绝缘泡沫制造工艺的装置如图5所示。
如图5所示,热塑聚合物的颗粒状材料500供料给由电机驱动的挤压机的圆筒。二氧化碳或一些其他这种超临界液体被装入位于挤压机圆筒和十字头306之间的单元(501)。可以理解的是超临界液体也可以替换的或另外装入挤压机的圆筒,例如经由入口307。液体溶解并在泡沫单元中混合。当十字头306里的压力下降时,聚合微泡形成,其作为层涂敷在图5中从左边引入的管上。作为一可选的步骤,可在挤压绝热层外表面开槽,那么挤压层经冷却装置308被冷却并从图5的右边移出。可以适当地增加更多的层。
在整个本申请的说明书和权利要求书中,词语“包括”(comprise)和“包含”(contain)以及这些词的变化,例如,“包括”(comprising)和“包括”(comprises),意指“包括而不是限于”,并不意图排除(和排除)其他组成部分、添加剂、零件、整数或步骤。
在整个本申请的说明书和权利要求书中,单数包含复数,除非上下文另行需要。具体的,不定冠词使用的地方,本申请应该理解为试图包含复数和单数,除非上下文另行需要。
本发明的特征、整数、特性、复合物、化学组分或连同特殊目的描述的族、具体实施方式或例子要理解为可应用于在此描述的任何其他目的、具体实施方式或例子,除非同时是矛盾的。
Claims (25)
1、用于软管的软管本体,所述软管本体包括:
流体保留层;
至少一层张力保护层;
至少一层在所述至少一层张力保护层中最外面一层上的挤压热绝缘层;以及
所述绝热层上的一外保护层。
2、如权利要求1所述的软管本体,进一步包括:
所述绝热层为挤压合成泡沫层。
3、如权利要求2所述的软管本体,其中所述挤压合成泡沫层包括许多玻璃微球。
4、如权利要求2所述的软管本体,其中所述挤压合成泡沫层包括许多塑料微球。
5、如权利要求1所述的软管本体,进一步包括:
所述绝热层为使用超临界流体(SCF)或活性发泡剂微观发泡的挤压聚合物树脂层。
6、如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的软管本体,其中所述挤压层包括许多沿至少绝热层长度的区域布置的环形槽。
7、如权利要求6所述的软管本体,其中所述槽布置在绝热层的内和/或外表面。
8、如前面任一项权利要求所述的软管本体,进一步包括:
一在流体保留层和绝热层之间的压力保护层。
9、如前面任一项权利要求所述的软管本体,进一步包括:
一被软管本体流体保留层包围的构架。
10、如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的软管本体,其中所述流体保留层包括壁板层或里衬。
11、一种包括如前面任一项权利要求所述的软管本体的软管,进一步包括:
两个端接头,每个端接头位于软管本体的两个端部中的相应一个,其中所述绝热层包括在端接头之间延伸的连续的层。
12、如权利要求11所述的软管,进一步包括:
每个端接头里至少一个密封,每个密封被布置形成在各个端接头和绝热层之间的密封,从而在绝热层径向向内的区域和绝热层径向向外的另一个区域之间形成一液态水壁板层。
13、一种包括如权利要求10或11所述的软管的提升器油管或跨接管。
14、一种制造软管本体的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供一管状流体保留层;
在流体保留层上形成至少一层张力保护层;
在所述至少一层张力保护层中最外面一层上挤压出一热绝缘层;以及
在绝热层上形成一外保护层。
15、如权利要求14所述的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:
直接在外张力保护层上挤压绝热层。
16、如权利要求15所述的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:
通过挤压包括许多塑料微球的合成泡沫层挤压绝热层。
17、如权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述微球为可膨胀的塑料微球。
18、如权利要求15所述的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:
通过挤压包括许多玻璃微球的合成泡沫层挤压绝热层。
19、如权利要求15所述的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:
通过挤压包括超临界液体(SCF)或活性发泡剂的聚合物树脂层挤压绝热层。
20、如权利要求14到19中任一项所述的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:
在挤压工序期间管从着色退出后但是先于冷却前在绝热层内和/或外表面形成环形槽。
21、如权利要求14到20中任一项所述的方法,其中流体保留层包括一壁板层或里衬。
22、一种提供软管的方法,包括以下步骤:
把各个端接头紧固到软管本体部分两个自由端的每一个上;和
在紧固步骤中,把端接头密封到在软管本体中最外面的张力保护层和外保护层之间形成的挤压热绝缘层,由此形成沿软管长度方向上从端接头到端接头间的液态水壁板。
23、如权利要求1到9中任一项所述的软管本体用于原油或有关流体的提取、传输或精炼或传输例如液体氨水的低温液体的用途。
24、一种基本上如上文参考附图所描述的方法。
25、结构和布置基本上如上文参考附图所描述的设备。
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-
2007
- 2007-10-23 GB GBGB0720713.7A patent/GB0720713D0/en not_active Ceased
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2008
- 2008-10-16 AU AU2008229954A patent/AU2008229954B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-10-17 US US12/253,846 patent/US8210212B2/en active Active
- 2008-10-20 DK DK08167009.3T patent/DK2053299T3/en active
- 2008-10-20 EP EP08167009.3A patent/EP2053299B1/en active Active
- 2008-10-21 CA CA2641381A patent/CA2641381C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-10-21 MY MYPI20084196A patent/MY150182A/en unknown
- 2008-10-22 JP JP2008271514A patent/JP2009138929A/ja active Pending
- 2008-10-22 NO NO20084443A patent/NO20084443L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-10-23 CN CN2008101799533A patent/CN101418888B/zh active Active
- 2008-10-23 BR BRPI0804635-2A patent/BRPI0804635B1/pt active IP Right Grant
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103748399A (zh) * | 2011-06-22 | 2014-04-23 | 韦尔斯特里姆国际有限公司 | 用于保持流体中的最小温度的方法和装置 |
CN103748399B (zh) * | 2011-06-22 | 2018-04-06 | 通用电气石油和天然气英国有限公司 | 用于保持流体中的最小温度的方法和装置 |
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MY150182A (en) | 2013-12-13 |
DK2053299T3 (en) | 2017-02-06 |
EP2053299A3 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
EP2053299B1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
JP2009138929A (ja) | 2009-06-25 |
US8210212B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 |
CA2641381A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
AU2008229954B2 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
BRPI0804635A2 (pt) | 2009-08-18 |
CN101418888B (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
EP2053299A2 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
US20090101225A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
BRPI0804635A8 (pt) | 2016-05-24 |
CA2641381C (en) | 2015-10-06 |
AU2008229954A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
BRPI0804635B1 (pt) | 2019-04-24 |
GB0720713D0 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
NO20084443L (no) | 2009-04-24 |
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