CN101395640B - Device and network enabled geo-fencing for area sensitive gaming enablement - Google Patents

Abstract

A Location Device Platform (LDP) Client 110 and LDP Server 220 enable location services for any physical item. In one mode, the item is or comprises wireless communications device (cell phone, PDA, etc.) configured for the purposes of wagering. Since wagering is controlled by local or state regulations, the location of legal wagering is typically confined to enclosed areas such as casinos, riverboats, parimutuel tracks, or assigned off-site locations. Use of the LPD capabilities allows for wagering to take place anywhere under the control of a regulatory body.

Description

Geo-restricted region-enabled devices and networks for region-sensitive game enablement

cross reference

This application claims U.S. Application No. 11/323,265, filed December 30, 2005, entitled "Device and Network Enabled Geo-Fencing for Area Sensitive Gaming Enablement" Network)", which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

technical field

The subject matter described herein generally relates to computationally-based geographic location, and pre-location areas defined by local, regional, or national legal jurisdictions, for locating wireless devices, and enabling, selectively enabling, restricting, denying Or a method and apparatus for delaying certain functions or services. Wireless devices, also known as mobile stations (MS), include devices such as those used in analog or digital cellular systems, personal communication systems (PCS), enhanced private mobile radio (ESMR), wide area networks (WAN), and other types of wireless communication systems. of those. The affected functions or services may include or be limited to those performed on the mobile station, or on a landside server or server network. In particular, but not exclusively, the subject matter described herein relates to jurisdiction-sensitive gaming, the use of gaming laws or rules to determine whether MS gaming functionality can be enabled.

Background technique

This application is related to U.S. Application No. 11, filed August 8, 2005, entitled "Geo-Fencing in a Wireless Location System," which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety /198,996 (attorney abstract no. TPI-0693), filed June 10, 2005, entitled "Advanced Triggers for Location Based Service Applications in a Wireless Location System" Continuation of U.S. Application No. 11/150,414, filed January 29, 2004, now pending, entitled "Monitoring of Call Information in a Wireless Location System" The continuation of U.S. Application No.10/768,587, which was filed on July 18, 2001, is now U.S. Patent No. 6,782,264B2, called "Monitoring of Call Information in a WirelessLocation System (monitoring of call information in a Wireless Location System)", a continuation of U.S. Application No. 09/909,221, filed March 31, 2000, now U.S. Patent No. 6,317,604B1, referred to as "Centralized A continuation of U.S. Application No. 09/539,352, filed January 8, 1999, now U.S. Patent No. 6,184,829B1, "Database for a Wireless Location System (a central database for a wireless location system)" Continuation of U.S. Application No. 09/227,764 for "Calibration for Wireless Location System."

Much effort has been made for the localization of wireless devices, most notably supporting Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations for Enhanced 911 (E911) Phase II. (Wireless Enhanced 911 (E911) rules seek to improve the efficiency and reliability of wireless 911 service by providing additional information to 911 dispatchers during wireless 911 calls. The wireless E911 program is divided into two parts, Phase I and Phase II. Upon valid request from the local Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP), Phase I requires the carrier to report the wireless 911 caller's phone number and the location of the antenna receiving the call. Phase II requires the wireless carrier to provide within 50 to 300 meters in most cases More accurate location information. The promotion of E911 requires the development of new technology, and the update of the local 911 PSAP, etc.). In E911 Phase II, the FCC's mandate includes the required positional accuracy based on the probability of circular error. Network-based systems (Wireless Location Systems that collect radio signals on network receivers) are required to meet an accuracy of 67% of callers within 100 meters and 95% of callers within 300 meters. A handset-based system (Wireless Location System that collects radio signals on a mobile station) is needed to meet an accuracy of 67% of callers within 50 meters and 95% of callers within 100 meters. Wireless carriers are allowed to adjust the location accuracy over the service area, therefore, the accuracy of any given position estimate cannot be guaranteed.

While certain reasons such as accuracy and throughput (number of successful fixes per call) are limited by the FCC, a single LBS service for E911, not additional Quality of Service (QoS) parameters such as latency and transmit location estimates to the requesting or selected application). The FCC is set in the emergency services center (911 center or PSAP) regarding the accuracy of a particular instance for cellular calls. The state of the art and the FCC's stringent accuracy standards limit the technology options for widely deployed positioning technology. Network-based options for E911 Phase II include Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (U-TDOA), Angle of Arrival (AoA), and TDOA/AoA Hybrid. Non-network-based positioning options for E911 Phase II include the use of Navistar Global Positioning System (GPS) supplemented with data from landside servers, including synchronized timing, orbital data (almanac) and acquisition data (code phase and Doppler distance).

In addition to the FCC E911 compliant location system for wireless voice communications, other wireless location systems using Time of Arrival (TOA), Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA), Angle of Arrival (AoA), Power of Arrival (POA), Power Difference of Arrival are available to reveal locations that meet specific location-based services (LBS) requirements.

In the detailed description section below, we provide more background information on positioning techniques and wireless communication systems that can be employed in conjunction with the present invention. In the remainder of the Background Information section, we provide more background information on Wireless Location Systems.

Early work related to wireless location systems is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,327,144, "Cellular Telephone Location System," July 5, 1994, which discloses a method using Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) A system used by technology to locate cellular phones. Further improvements to the system disclosed in the '144 patent are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,608,410, March 4, 1997, "System for Locating a Source of Bursty Transmissions." Both of these patents are assigned to TruePosition Corporation, the assignee of the present invention. TruePosition has continued to develop significant improvements to the original inventive concept.

Over the past few years, the cellular industry has increased the number of air interface protocols that can be used by wireless phones, increased the number of frequency bands in which wireless or mobile phones can operate, and expanded the number of terms referring to or referring to mobile phones to include "personal communication services", "wireless" and so on. Air interface protocols currently used in the wireless industry include AMPS, N-AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, GSM, TACS, ESMR, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS WCDMA, and more.

The wireless communications industry has recognized the value and importance of Wireless Location Systems. In June 1996, the FCC issued requirements for the wireless communications industry to deploy positioning systems for use in locating wireless 911 callers. Widespread deployment of these systems can reduce emergency response time, save life, and save enormous costs because of the reduced use of emergency response resources. Furthermore, observations and studies have concluded that various wireless applications, such as location-sensitive billing, queue management, etc., will be of great commercial value in the future.

As mentioned, the wireless communications industry, in the United States and internationally, uses many air interface protocols in different frequency band ranges. In general, neither the air interface nor the frequency band range affect the efficiency of the Wireless Location System in locating wireless phones.

All air interface protocols use two classes of channels, where a channel is defined as one of multiple transmission paths within a single link between several points in a wireless network. A channel may be defined by frequency, by bandwidth, by synchronized time slots, by coding, shift keying, modulation scheme, or by any combination of these parameters. The first category, called control or access channels, are used to carry information about radiotelephones or transmitters, to initiate or terminate calls, or to transmit burst data. For example, some types of Short Message Service transmit data on a control channel. Different air interfaces use different terms to describe the control channel, however, the function of the control channel in each air interface is similar. A second category of channels, known as voice or traffic channels, typically carry voice or data communications over the air interface. Once a call has been established using the control channel, the traffic channel is used. Voice and user data channels typically use dedicated resources, ie, the channel can only be used by a single mobile device, while control channels use shared resources, ie, the channel can be accessed by multiple users. Audio channels are typically transmitted without identifying information about the radiotelephone or transmitter. While for some applications placement on the audio channel may be best, for some wireless location applications this distinction may make the use of the control channel more cost-effective than the audio channel.

The following paragraphs discuss some of the differences in the air interface protocols:

AMPS, which is the original air interface protocol used for cellular communications in the United States, and is described in TIA/EIA standard IS 553A. The AMPS system allocates a separate dedicated channel for use by the Control Channel (RCC), which is defined in terms of frequency and bandwidth, and is used for transmission from the BTS to the mobile phone A Reverse Voice Channel (RVC) for transmission from the mobile phone to the BTS , can occupy any channel, which is not assigned to the control channel.

N-AMPS, this air interface is an extension of the AMPS air interface protocol and is defined in EIA/TIA standard IS-88. It uses substantially the same control channels as in AMPS, but a different audio channel with a different bandwidth and modulation scheme.

TDMA, also known as D-AMPS, and this interface defined in EIA/TIA standard IS-136 are characterized by the use of frequency and time separation. The Digital Control Channel (DCCH) is transmitted in bursts in allocated time slots, which may occur anywhere in the frequency band. A digital traffic channel (DTC) may occupy the same frequency allocation as a DCCH channel, but not occupy the same time slot allocation in a given frequency allocation. In the cellular band, a carrier can use both AMPS and TDMA protocols as long as the frequency allocations for each protocol are kept separate.

CDMA, the air interface defined by EIA/TIA Standard IS-95A, is characterized by the use of frequency and code separation. Because adjacent cell sites can use the same set of frequencies, CDMA must operate under very careful power control, creating a situation known to those skilled in the near-far problem that makes most wireless location methods difficult. Accurate location is obtained (see, however, US Patent No. 6,047,192, Apr. 4, 2000, Robust, Efficient, Localization System for addressing this problem). Control channels (known as access channels in CDMA) and traffic channels may share the same frequency band, but are separated by codes.

GSM, the air interface defined by the international standard Global System for Mobile Communications, is characterized by the use of frequency and time separation. GSM distinguishes between physical channels (time slots) and logical channels (information carried by physical channels). Several recurring time slots on a carrier constitute a physical channel, which is used by different logical channels to convey information both for user data and signaling.

Control Channels (CCH) include Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH) and Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH), which are transmitted in bursts in the allocated time slots used by CCH. CCH can be allocated anywhere in the frequency band. A traffic channel (TCH) and a CCH may occupy the same frequency allocation, but not the same time slot allocation in a given frequency allocation. CCH and TCH use the same modulation scheme called GMSK. GSM General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) systems reuse the GSM channel structure, however, multiple modulation schemes and data compression may be used to provide higher data throughput rates. The GSM, GPRS and EDGE radio protocols fall into a category known as GERAN or GSM Edge Radio Access Network.

UMTS, strictly speaking UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network), is an air interface defined by the international standard 3rd Generation Partnership Project, the successor of the GERAN protocol. UMTS is also sometimes referred to as WCDMA (or W-CDMA), which stands for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access. WCDMA is a direct spread technology, which means that it will spread its transmission over a wide 5MHz carrier.

WCDMA FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) UMTS air interface (U-interface) separates physical channels by both frequency and code. The WCDMA TDD (Time Division Duplex) UMTS air interface separates physical channels by using frequency, time and code. All variants of this UMTS radio interface contain logical channels mapped as transport channels, which are mapped again as W-CDMA FDD or TDD physical channels. Because adjacent cell sites can use the same set of frequencies, WCDMA also uses very careful power control to address the near-far problem common to all CDMA systems. In UMTS control channels are considered access channels and data or audio channels are considered traffic channels. Access and traffic channels may share the same frequency band and modulation scheme, but are separated by codes. Within this specification, references generally to control and access channels, or voice and data channels, refer to all types of control or voice and data channels, whatever the preferred term for a particular air interface. Additionally, given the many types of air interfaces used throughout the world (e.g., IS-95CDMA, CDMA 2000, UMTS, and W-CDMA), this specification does not exclude any air interface from the inventive concepts described herein. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other interfaces used elsewhere are derivatives or analogs of those classes described above.

GSM networks present many potential problems for existing Wireless Location Systems. First, wireless devices connected to GSM/GPRS/UMTS networks rarely transmit when traffic channels are in use. The use of encryption on the traffic channel and the use of a temporary nickname for security (Temporary Mobile Station Identifier (TMSI)) provides limited radio network monitoring for triggering or tasking the Wireless Location System. usefulness. Wireless devices connected to such GSM/GPRS/UMTS radio networks only periodically "listen" for transmissions to the wireless device, and do not transmit signals to the Regional receivers. This reduces the probability of detecting a wireless device connected to the GSM network. It is possible to overcome this limitation by actively "pinging" all wireless devices in an area. However, this approach places a large emphasis on the performance of the wireless network. In addition, the pinging of the wireless device's activity can warn the mobile device user that using the location system can reduce efficiency, or add to the annoyance of polling-based location-based applications.

Application No. 11/198,996, "Geo-Fencing in a Wireless Location System," referenced above, describes a method and system employed by a Wireless Location System for locating wireless devices operating within a defined geographic area served by a wireless communication system. In such a system, a geo-fenced area can be defined and then a predetermined set of signal links of the wireless communication system can be monitored. The monitoring may also include detecting that the mobile device has performed any of the following actions relative to the geographically restricted area: (1) entering the geographically restricted area, (2) exiting the geographically restricted area, and (3) entering a predetermined location in proximity to the geographically restricted area. within the range of proximity. Additionally, the method may further comprise triggering a high-accuracy positioning function for determining the geographic location of the mobile device in response to detection that the mobile device has performed at least one of the actions. This application describes the concept for using geo-restricted areas to allow, selectively allow, restrict, deny or delay based on calculated geographic location and pre-set location areas delineated by local, regional or national statutory jurisdictions Methods and systems for certain functions or services. However, the present invention is in no way limited to systems employing the technology around the earth described in above-referenced Application No. 11/198,996.

Contents of the invention

The following overview provides an overview of various aspects of exemplary embodiments of the invention. This overview is not intended to provide an exhaustive description of the important aspects of the invention, or to delineate the scope of the invention. Rather, this summary is intended to serve as an introduction to the description of the illustrative examples that follow.

With growth in gaming and growth in wireless networking, interest in gaming based on wireless devices is on the rise. In this application, we describe inter alia wireless user interface devices, application servers and location services that allow legal wireless gaming. The ability to independently locate wireless devices is used to eliminate location spoofing and assure authorities that gaming transactions are limited to permissible permissions.

The illustrative embodiments described herein are based on calculated geographic locations, and pre-set location areas defined by user definitions, service areas, billing areas, or local, regional, or national administrative boundaries or legal jurisdictions The area provides a method and apparatus for finding a location of a wireless device, and enabling, selectively enabling, restricting, denying, or delaying certain functions or services. Wireless devices include devices such as those found in analog or digital cellular systems, personal communication systems (PCS), enhanced private mobile radio (ESMR), wide area networks (WAN), localized radio (WiFi, UWB, RFID) networks, and other types of wireless communications those used in the system. Affected functions or services may include or be limited to wireless devices, or those executing on a server or server network. In particular, but not exclusively, we describe the use of wireless device location assessments with rights-sensitive games, game laws, or rules to determine whether gaming functionality of a wireless device may be permitted.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the illustrative embodiments.

Description of drawings

The foregoing Summary and the following Detailed Description are better understood when read with the accompanying drawings. For purposes of illustrating the invention, exemplary structures of the invention are shown in the drawings, but the invention is not limited to the particular methods and instrumentalities disclosed. In the attached picture:

Figure 1 schematically depicts a Location Device Platform (LDP) client device.

Fig. 2 schematically depicts an LDP server.

Figure 3 schematically depicts a system according to the invention.

Figure 4 is a flow chart illustrating a process in accordance with the present invention.

Detailed ways

A. Overview

Location Device Platform (LDP) Client 110 and LDP Server 220 (see Figures 1 and 2, respectively) enable location services for any physical object. In one mode, the object is or includes a wireless communication device (cell phone, PDA, etc.) configured for gaming purposes. Since gaming is governed by local or state regulations (in the United States), the location of legal gaming is typically limited to enclosed areas. The use of LPD abilities allows the game to take place anywhere under the control of the Governing Body.

The LDP client device 110 can be used with both purpose-built and general-purpose computing platforms with wireless connectivity and gaming capabilities. The LDP server 220, a location-aware server inherent in telecommunications networks, can perform a location check (similar to existing systems' checks of IP addresses or telephone area codes) on the wireless LDP client device 110 to determine if gaming functionality can be enabled. The current game application may be hosted on the LDP server 220, or in another networked server. The LDP server 220 may even provide game license indicators or geographic locations to real operators/inspectors.

The location method employed by the Wireless Location System may depend on the service area deployed or on requirements from gaming entities or regulatory authorities. Network-based positioning systems include those using POA, PDOA, TOA, TDOA, or AOA, or a combination of these. Device-based positioning systems may include those that use POA, PDOA, TOA, TDOA, or AOA, or a combination thereof. Device-based positioning systems may include those using POA, PDOA, TOA, TDOA, GPS, or A-GPS. Hybrid, combining multiple network-based techniques, multiple device-based techniques, or a combination of network and device-based techniques can be used to achieve the accuracy, throughput, and response time requirements of the service area or location-based service. The location-aware LDP server 220 may select a location technology to use from among those available based on the location acquisition cost.

The LDP client device 110 preferably comprises a radio communication link (radio receiver and transmitter 100, 101 ) for communicating with the LDP server 220 . Wireless data communications may include cellular (modem, CPDP, EVDO, GPRS, etc.) or wide area networks (WiFi, WiMAN/MAX, WiBro, ZigBee, etc.) in relation to positioning systems. The radio communication method may be independent of Wireless Location System functionality, for example, the device may obtain a local WiFi access point, but instead use GSM to communicate the SSID of the WiFi beacon to the LDP server 220 for proximity location.

The LDP server 220 authenticates, authorizes, bills and manages the use of LDP client devices 110 . Preferably, the LDP server 220 also maintains service area definitions and game rules associated with each service area. The service area can be a polygon defined by a set of latitude/longitude points, or a circle defined by a radius from a center point. The service area is defined within the location-aware server by interpretation of gaming regulations. Based on the definition, rules, and calculated location of the service area, the LDP server 220 can grant wireless devices full access, limited access, or no access to gaming services. Also, the LDP server 220 preferably supports a geographically restricted area application in which the LDP client device 110 (and game server) is notified when the LDP client device 110 enters or leaves a service area. The LDP server 220 preferably supports multiple restricted access indications. Restricted access to game services may refer to only allowing simulated game play. Restricted access to a service may also refer to enabling true multiplayer gaming, but not allowing gaming. Restricted access to services may be determined by time of day or by location combined with time of day. Additionally, limited access to the service may refer to subscriptions to games at specific times and within defined regions.

The LDP server 220 may issue a denial of service to both the LDP client device 110 and the game server. Denying access also allows providing an indication where the requested game is allowed.

The LDP client device 110 and LDP server 220 may allow all online games and gaming activities based on poker, table games, board games, horse racing, car racing, sports, online RPGs, and online first-person shooters.

It is envisioned, but not required, that the LDP server 220 may be owned or controlled by the wireless carrier, gaming company, or local governing board.

We will now briefly outline two exemplary use cases.

Use Case: Geographically Restricted Areas

In this case, the LDP client device 110 is a game-specific model using GSM as the radio link, and network-based uplink-TDOA as the positioning technique. Distributed to passengers when they arrive at the airport, the LDP client device 110 initially supports game instructions, advertisements, and simulated game play. When the device enters the service area, it signals to the user through audible and visual indicators that the device is now capable of actual gaming. This is an example of an application for a geographically restricted area. Billing and monetization via credit card, or hotel room number can be charged/rewarded. If the LDP client device 110 leaves the area, when the LPD server 220 sends a rejection message to the LDP client device and the game server, audible and visual indicators show that the device is now unable to play the actual game.

Use Case: Access Attempts

In this case, the LDP client device 110 is a general purpose portable computer with a WiFi transceiver. The game application client is resident on the computer. The LDP client device 110 queries the LDP server 220 for a license each time a game function is accessed. The LDP server 220 obtains the current location based on the WiFi SSID and power of arrival, compares the location against the service area limit, and allows or denies access to the selected game application. Billing and monetization via credit card.

B. LDP client device

The LDP client device 110 is preferably implemented as a location enabling a hardware and software mobility platform. The LDP client device 110 is preferably capable of enhancing the accuracy of network-based wireless location systems and hosting device-based and hybrid (device and network-based) wireless location applications.

Dimensions

LDP client device 110 may be constructed in a number of form factors, including circuit boards designed for incorporation into other electronic systems. Components added (or removed) from radiocommunication transmitter/receiver, position determination, display, non-volatile local log memory, processing engine, user input, volatile local memory, device power conversion, and control subsystems Or removing unnecessary subsystems allows the size, weight, power and form factor of the LPD to match multiple requirements.

Radio Communications - Transmitters 101

The LDP radio communication subsystem may include one or more transmitters in the form of solid state application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). The use of software-defined radios can be used to replace multiple narrowband transmitters and allow transmission in the aforementioned radio communication and positioning systems. Under the direction of the on-board processor or LDP server 220, the LDP client device 110 can separate the communication radio link transmitter from the transmitter involved in the wireless position transmission.

Radio Communication - Receiver 100

The LDP radio communication subsystem may include one or more receivers in the form of solid state application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). The use of wideband software-defined radios can be used to replace multiple narrowband receivers and allow reception of the aforementioned radio communication and positioning systems. Under the direction of the on-board processor or LDP server 220, the LDP client device 110 can separate the communication radio link receiver from the receiver used for wireless location purposes. The LDP radio communication subsystem may also be used to obtain position-specific broadcast information (such as transmitter position or satellite ephemeris) or timing signals from a communication network or other transmitter.

location determination engine 102

The location determination engine or subsystem 102 of the LPD client device allows for device-based, network-based and hybrid positioning techniques. This subsystem can collect power and time measurements, broadcast location information, and other ancillary information for various location methods, including but not limited to: device-based time-of-arrival (TOA), forward link trilateration (FLT), Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT), Enhanced Forward Link Trilateration (E-FLT), Enhanced Observed Difference of Arrival (EOTD), Observed Time Difference of Arrival (O-TDOA), Global Positioning System (GPS) and Assisted GPS (A-GPS). The location method may depend on the features underlying the radio communication or radiolocation system selected by the LDP or the LDP server 220 .

The location determination subsystem may also produce location-enhancing effects in network-based location systems by modifying the transmission characteristics of the LPD client device 110 to optimize the device's signal power, duration, bandwidth, and/or entertainment (eg, by inserting known patterns in the transmitted signal to allow network-based receivers to use maximum likelihood sequence detection).

display 103

The display subsystem of the LDP client device, when present, is unique to the LDP and is optimized for the particular positioning application enabled by the device. The display subsystem may also be an interface to a display subsystem of another device. Examples of LDP displays may include audible, tactile or visual indicators.

user input 104

The LDP client device's user input subsystem 104, when present, is unique to the LDP client device and is optimized for the particular positioning application that the LPD client device enables. The user input subsystem may also be an interface to an input device of another device.

Timer 105

The timer 105 provides a precise time/clock signal as the LDP client device 110 may require.

Equipment Energy Conversion and Control 106

The device energy conversion and control subsystem 106 functions to convert and limit landline or battery power for other LDP clients' electronic subsystems.

processing engine 107

The processing engine subsystem 107 may be a general purpose computer that may be used by the radio communication, display, input and position determination subsystems. The processing engine manages LDP client resources and routes data between subsystems, and in addition to normal CPU duty, prioritization, event scheduling, queue management, interrupt management, volatile In addition to memory paging/swap space allocation, processing resource constraints, virtual memory management parameters, and input/output (I/O) management, system performance and power consumption are optimized. If the location service application is running locally on the LDP client device 110, the processing engine subsystem 107 can be scaled to provide sufficient CPU resources.

Volatile local memory 108

The volatile local memory subsystem 108 is under the control of the processing engine subsystem 107, which allocates memory to various subsystems and LDP client-resident location applications.

Non-volatile local logging memory 109

The LDP client device 110 may maintain local storage of transmitter position, receiver position or satellite ephemeris in non-volatile local logging memory 109 through a power down condition. If the location services application runs locally on the LDP client, application-specific data and application parameters such as ID, password, display options, high scores, previous locations, pseudonyms, buddy lists, and default settings can be stored in non- Volatile local record memory subsystem.

C. Location Aware Application Enablement Server (LDP Server) 220

The LDP server 220 (see FIG. 2 ) provides an interface between the wireless LDP client device 110 and networked location-based service applications. In the following paragraphs we describe the components of the illustrative embodiment depicted in FIG. 2 . It should be noted that the various functions described are illustrative and are preferably implemented using computer hardware and software technology, ie the LDP server is preferably implemented as a programmed computer interfaced with radio communication technology.

Radio communication network interface 200

The LDP server 220 is connected to the LDP client device 110 by a data link running over a radio communication network or as a modem signal using a system such as, but not limited to: CDPD, GPRS, SMS/MMS, CDMA-EVDO, or Mobitex . The Radio Communication Network Interface (RCNI) subsystem is used to select and command the correct (for a particular LDP) communication system for the push operation (where data is sent to the LDP client 110). The RCNI subsystem also handles eject operations, where the LDP client device 110 connects to the LDP server 220 to initiate location or location sensitive operations.

Position determination engine 201

The location determination engine subsystem 201 allows the LDP server 220 to obtain the LDP client device 110 location via network-based TOA, TDOA, POA, PDOA, AoA or hybrid device and network-based positioning techniques.

Management Subsystem 202

The management subsystem 202 maintains individual LDP records and service subscription selections. The LDP server 220 management subsystem allows arbitrary grouping of LDP client devices to form service classes. LDP user records may include ownership, passwords/passwords, account permissions, LDP client device 110 capabilities, LDP make, model, and manufacturer; access credentials; and routing information. In case the LDP client device is a registered device under the wireless communication provider's network, the LDP server 220 management subsystem preferably maintains all relevant parameters that allow LDP access to the wireless communication provider's network.

Account Subsystem 203

The LDP account subsystem 203 handles basic account functions including keeping access records, access times, and location application access LDP client locations allowing billing for individual LDP client devices and individual LBS services. The Accounting Subsystem also preferably records and tracks the cost of each LDP visit with the Wireless Communications Network Provider and the Wireless Location Network Provider. A fee may be recorded for each visit and location. The LDP server 220 is configured using a rule-based system for minimizing access charges via network and location system preferences.

Identification Subsystem 204

The main function of the authentication subsystem 204 is to provide the LDP server 220 with real-time authentication factors used in the LDP network for authentication and encryption processing in LDP access, data transmission, and LBS application access. The purpose of this authentication process is to protect the LDP network by denying access to the LDP network by unauthorized LDP clients or location applications, and to ensure confidentiality during transmission over wireless carrier networks and wired networks.

Authorization subsystem 205

Authorization subsystem 205 uses data from the management and authentication subsystems to enforce access control on LDP client devices and location-based applications. Implemented access controls can be found in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Specification RFC-3693, "Geopriv Requirements", the Liberty Alliance's Identification Service Interface Specification for Geographically Restricted Areas (ID-SIS), and the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) those specified. The authorization subsystem may also obtain location data for LDP clients before allowing or preventing access to specific services or location-based applications. Authorization can also be calendar or clock based, depending on the services described in the LDP profile record residing in the management subsystem. The authorization system can also control connections to external billing systems and networks, denying connections to networks that are not authorized or cannot be authenticated.

Non-volatile local logging memory 206

The non-volatile local record storage of the LDP server 220 is primarily used by the management, accounting and authentication subsystems to store LDP profile records, encryption keys, WLS extensions and wireless carrier information.

processing engine 207

Processing engine subsystem 207 may be a general purpose computer. The processing engine manages LDP server resources and routes data between subsystems.

Volatile local storage 208

The LDP server 220 has volatile local memory consisting of multiple port memories to allow the LDP server 220 to scale with multiple, redundant processors.

External Billing Network 209

Authorized external billing networks and billing arbitration systems can access the LDP account subsystem database via this subsystem. Records may also be sent periodically via a pre-arranged interface.

Interconnection 210 to external data network

The interconnection to the external data network is designed to handle the conversion of LDP data streams to external LBS applications. Interconnections to external data networks are also firewalled to prevent unauthorized access as described in Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Specification RFC-3694, "Threat Analysis of the Geopriv Protocol." Multiple access points residing in the interconnection to the external data network subsystem 210 allow for redundancy and reconfiguration in the event of a denial of service or loss of service event. Examples of interconnection protocols supported by the LDP server 220 include the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Mobile Location Protocol (MLP) and the Value-Added X specification for network services; Part 9: Terminal Location as Open Service Access (OSA); Value-added X Network Services; Part 9: Terminal Location (also standardized as 3GPP TS 29.199-09).

External communication network 211

External communication networks refer to those networks, public and private, used by the LDP server 220 to communicate with location-based applications that do not reside on the LDP server 220 or on the LDP client device 110 .

D. System/Processing for Games

Figure 3 illustrates a system according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown, such a system includes one or more LDP client devices 110 and an LDP server 220 . The LDP client device 110 may be configured for the type of gaming applications typically regulated by state and local government agencies. As discussed above, LDP client devices may include conventional mobile computing devices (eg, PDAs), mobile digital phones, etc., or may be dedicated devices dedicated to gaming. The LDP client device 110 has the ability to provide users with wireless access to Internet-based game application servers. Such access may be provided via a wireless communication network (cellular, WiFi, etc.), as shown. In this embodiment of the system, the gaming application server includes or is connected to a database of gaming information, such as information describing geographic areas where gaming is permitted.

As shown in FIG. 3, the LDP server 220 and the game application server are operatively connected by a communication link so that the two devices can communicate with each other. In this embodiment, the LDP server 220 is also operatively connected to a Wireless Location System, which may be any kind of system for determining the geographic location of the LDP client device 110 as discussed herein. LDP client devices need not be located with the precision required for emergency (eg, E911) services, but only to the extent that it must be determined whether the device is in an area where gaming is allowed.

Referring now to FIG. 4, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the LDP server is provided with game-administered information, as well as information provided by the Wireless Location System. The precise details of what information is provided to the LDP server will depend on the precise details of what services the LDP server will provide.

As shown in Figure 4, the LDP client device accesses the wireless communication network and requests access to gaming services. This request is routed to the game application server, and the game application server then requests location information from the LDP server. The LDP server requests the WLS to locate the LDP client device, and the WLS returns the location information to the LDP server. In this embodiment of the invention, the LDP server determines that the LDP client device is within some pre-defined jurisdiction and then determines whether the game/game service will be provided (alternatively, the game application server is responsible for making this determination) . This information is provided to the game application server, and the game application server notifies the LDP client device of the determined game state decision (ie, whether to provide game services).

E. Other Examples

LDP power saving via selective wake-up mode

Wireless devices typically have three modes of operation to save battery life: sleep, wake (listen), and transmit. In the case of an LDP client device 110, a fourth state, Locating, is possible. In this state, the LDP client device 110 first becomes awake. From received data or external sensor input, the LPD client determines whether the location determination engine or transmission subsystem needs to be activated. If the received data or external sensor input indicates that location transmission is not required, the LDP client device 110 provides neither location determination nor power to the transmission subsystem, and returns to minimum power consumption sleep mode. If receiving data or external sensor input indicates that a location transmission is only required if the device location has changed, then the LDP client device 110 will perform device-based positioning and return to a minimum power consumption sleep mode. If received data or external sensor input indicates that location transmission is necessary, the LDP client device 110 may perform device-based location determination, activate the transmitter, send the current LDP client device 110 location (and any other requested data) and return to minimum power sleep mode. Alternatively, if received data or external sensor input indicates that location transmission is necessary, then the LDP client device 110 may activate the transmitter to be sent by the network device (the LDP client device 110 may send any other requested data at this time ) located signal (optimized for positioning), and then returns to the minimum power consumption sleep mode.

Invisible roaming for non-voice wireless LDP

For an LDP client using cellular data communication, it is possible to provide the LDP client with minimal impact on existing cellular authentication, management, authorization and account services. In this scenario, a single LDP platform is distributed in each cell site coverage area (within cell site electronics). This single LDP client device 110 is then normally registered with the wireless carrier. Then, all other LDPs in this area will use SMS messages based on a single LDPID (MIN/ESN/IMSI/TMSI) for communicating with the LDP server 220 (which has its own authentication, management, authorization and account services) To limit the impact of HLR. The server will use the SMS payload to determine the true identity of the LDP, as well as the trigger action, location or additional sensor data.

SMS location probes using known patterns loaded into LDP

Using SMS messages with a known pattern of up to 190 characters in deployed WLS control channel location structures or A-bis monitoring systems, the LDP client device 110 can enhance the location of SMS transmissions. Since the characters are known, the encryption algorithm is known, the bit pattern can be generated, and the complete SMS message is used as an ideal reference through signal processing to remove co-channel interference and noise to improve the position estimation. possible accuracy.

Encryption of location data for confidentiality, distribution and non-repudiation.

A method of using server-based encryption keys in the LDP server 220 for enforcing privacy, redistribution, and non-repudiation of charging may be employed. In this method, the LDP server 220 records the encrypted location before transmitting to any external entity (host gateway). The gateway can open the record, or transmit the protected record to another entity. Regardless of the opening entity, the key will have to be requested from the LDP server 220 key server. The request for this key (for the specific message sent) means that the "private" key "envelope" is opened, and the location serial number (a random number assigned by the LDP server 220 to identify the location record) is assigned by the Entity read. The LDP server 220 will then use the same "private" key repeating the location serial number to transmit a "secret" key and the user's location to allow reading of the location record. Enforcing user privacy in such a way, the gateway can redistribute the location records without reading and recording this data, and the records received by the last entity are anonymous.

Overlay network based positioning enhancement via LDP data channel

To perform enhanced network-based positioning, the LDP client device 110 may be configured to receive broadcast acquisition data, register with the system (if necessary), and request data services from the wireless network. The data connection is routed to the LDP server 220 by the data network. Once connected with the LDP server 220, the LDP client device 110 then immediately transmits its ID (examples include: MIN/ESN/TMSI/TruePosition), its channel information (examples include: channel, CC, etc.); its neighbors (e.g., Mobile Assisted Handover (MAHO) list (including target network station, target channel, target time offset, power offset, etc.); any encrypted bit string assigned to LDP client device 110 by the network, and Send up a semi-random but known pattern. This semi-random sequence is retransmitted on (n) second repetition period ((n) second repetition may match availability of MAHO table) until determined by internal counter/timer , or stopped by the LDP server 220 command.

The LDP server 220 selects a network receiver station based on the received channel and receiver stations available in the neighbor (MAHO) table (if any) or from an internal table of station locations. The network-based wireless positioning then performs positioning to the required accuracy threshold for the required quality of service.

The LDP server 220 may use the duplex data path established with the LDP client device 110 to update LDP timers, IDs, programming, or other features. The LDP server 220 can then command the LDP client device 110 based on location, cell ID, mode, frequency band or RF protocol. The cellular system signaling, voice and/or data encryption is irrelevant for this application, since these data can be passed on the data path to the WLS for use.

LDP location with network-based Wireless Location System only

An LDP client device 110 not equipped with a device-based location determination engine may report its location to an SMSC-equipped LDP server 220 in a non-network-based WLS environment. At the highest level, the LDP client device 110 can report a System ID (SID or PLMN) number, or a Private System ID (PSID), so the WLS can make a determination that the LPD is (or is not) in a WLS-equipped system. This neighbor (MAHO) list, transmitted as a series of SMS messages on the control channel, can give an approximate position in a friendly carrier communication network not yet equipped with WLS. Reverse SMS allows the WLS to reprogram any aspect of the LDP. If the LDP client device 110 is in a network-based WLS-equipped area, the LDP client device 110 can thus use network-based WLS to provide a higher level of accuracy.

Automatic transmitter location via LDP with network database

If the LDP client device 110 radio communication subsystem is designed for multi-frequency, multi-mode operation, or if the LDP client device 110 is provided with a connection to an external receiver or sensor, the LDP client device 110 becomes capable of Positioning telemetry devices. In a particular application, the LDP client device 110 uses a radio communication subsystem or an external receiver to locate radio broadcasts. Receipt of such a broadcast, identified by transmission frequency band or information obtainable from the broadcast, triggers the LDP client device 110 to establish a data connection to the LDP server 220, perform device-based positioning, or initiate a location-enhanced transmission for the LDP server 220 or other web-based servers.

An exemplary use of this variation of the LDP client device 110 is as a networked radar detector for vehicles, or as a WiFi hotspot locator. In both cases, the LDP server 220 will record the network information and location for delivery to external location-capable applications.

Use of externally derived accurate timing for scheduling communications

Battery life may be key to enabling at least some applications of self-contained location-specific devices. Furthermore, the effort associated with periodically recharging or replacing batteries in location-specific devices is foreseen to be a significant cost driver. A device is considered to have 3 states: active, idle, sleep.

Activation = communicate with the network

Idle = in a state capable of entering an active state

sleep = low power state

Power consumption in the active state is driven by the efficiency of the digital and RF electronics. These technologies are considered mature and their power consumption is considered optimized. This power consumption in sleep mode is driven by the amount of circuit activation during the sleep state. Less circuitry means less power consumption. One way to minimize power consumption is to minimize the amount of time spent in an idle state. During the idle state, the device must periodically listen for network commands (paging), and if received, enter the active state. In a standard mobile station (MS), the amount of time spent in the idle state is minimized by limiting when paging commands for any particular mobile station may occur.

This aspect of the invention utilizes an absolute external time reference (GPS, A-GPS, or information broadcast on the cellular network) to precisely calibrate the internal time reference of the location-specific client device. An internal temperature sensing device will allow the device to temperature compensate its own reference. A GPS or A-GPS receiver may be part of the location determination engine of the LDP client device 110 for device-based location estimation.

Assuming the location-specific device has a precise time reference, the network can schedule the device to enter idle mode at a precise time, thereby maximizing the amount of time spent in the lowest power state. This approach will also minimize unsuccessful attempts to communicate with the device in sleep mode and thus will minimize the load on the communication network.

Speed, time, altitude, area service

The LDP client device functionality can be incorporated into other electronic devices. Likewise, based not only on location within the service area, but also on time, speed, or altitude for various electronic devices, such as cell phones, PDAs, radar detectors, or other interactive systems, LDP (by means of the service for use A database of parameters and rules can be used to grant, restrict or deny service. Time includes time of day and a period of time, therefore, the duration of the service can be limited.

smart mobile approach

The LDP client device 110 can be paired with another LDP client to provide intelligent proximity services, where the permission, restriction or denial of services can be based on the proximity of the LDP pair. For example, in an anti-theft application, the LDP client device 110 could be incorporated into a vehicle, while other LDPs could be incorporated into car radios, navigation systems, and the like. An anti-theft system is created by registering an LDP client group as a pair in the LDP server 220, and setting trigger conditions based on activation or removal of location determination. In the event of unauthorized removal, the LDP client device 110 in the removed device may deny service or allow service while providing the location of the stolen device incorporating the LDP client.

F. Positioning Technologies: Web-Based, Device-Based, and Hybrid

Each wireless (radio) location system consists of a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter generates a target signal [s(t)], which is collected and measured by the receiver. The measurement of the target signal can take place on the wireless device or on the network workstation. The transmitter or receiver may move during signal measurement intervals. If the motion of either (or both) can be precisely defined (a priori), both can move.

Web-based positioning technology

A positioning system is said to be network-based when the measurements take place over a network (a geographically distributed group of one or more receivers or transceivers). Network-based Wireless Location Systems may use TOA, TDOA, AOA, POA, and PDOA measurements, usually blended with two or more separate measurements that are included in the final position calculation. The networked receiver or transceiver is known by different names including Base Station (Cellular), Access Point (Wireless Local Access Network), Reader (RFID), Host (Bluetooth) or Sensor (UWB) .

In a network-based system, the network-based system receives and measures the time of arrival, angle of arrival or signal strength of the signal as the signal being measured originates on the mobile device. Sources of position error in network-based positioning systems include: network station topology, signal path loss, multipath signals, co-channel signal interference, and terrain profile.

A network station topology with sites lined up (along a road) or with few neighbor sites is not suitable for network based positioning techniques.

Signal path loss can be compensated by using a longer sampling period or using higher transmit power. Some radio environments (wide area, multiple access spread spectrum systems such as IS-95 CDMA and 3GPP UMTS) have audible performance issues due to allowing lower transmit power.

Especially problematic in dense urban environments, multipath signals caused by constructive and destructive interference of reflected, diffracted signal paths will also affect location accuracy and yield of network-based systems. Multiplexing can be compensated for by utilizing multiple, separate receive antennas for signal acquisition, and post-acquisition processing of multiple received signals to remove time and frequency errors from the acquired signals prior to position calculation.

Co-channel signal interference in multiple-access radio environments can be minimized by monitoring device-specific characteristics (e.g., color codes), or by digital common-mode filtering and correlation between pairs of acquired signals to remove parasitic signal components.

Web-based TOA

Network-based time-of-arrival systems rely on target signals broadcast from the device and received by the network station. Variations of web-based TOA include those summarized below.

Single Workstation TOA

The distance measurement can be estimated from the round trip time of the polling signal sent between the radio transceivers and then returned between the radio transceivers. In practice, this distance measurement is based on the TOA of the returned signal. The distance estimates are combined with the known locations of the network nodes to provide position estimates and error estimates. A single station TOA is useful in hybrid systems where additional positional information, such as angle of arrival or power of arrival, is available.

An example of a commercial application of single station TOA technology is in the ETSI technical standard for GSM: 03.71 and in the CGI+TA positioning method described in Location Services (LCS); Functional Description; by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) found in Level 2_23.171.

Sync Network TOA

Network-based TOA positioning in a synchronized network uses the absolute time of radio broadcast arrival at multiple receiver sites. Since the signal travels at a known speed, this distance can be calculated from the time of arrival at the receiver. Time-of-arrival data collected at two receivers will narrow the position down to two points, and TOA data from the receivers is required to resolve the precise position. The synchronization of the network base stations is important. Inaccuracies in timing synchronization translate directly into position estimation errors. Other sources of fixed error that can be measured include antenna and cable response times on network receivers.

When ultra-high precision (atomic) clocks or GPS-type radio time references become affordable and portable, a possible future embodiment of a synchronization network TOA is for transmitters and receivers locked to a common time standard machine. When both the transmitter and receiver have common timing, the time-of-flight can be calculated directly, and the distance determined from the time-of-flight and the speed of light.

Asynchronous network TOA

Network-based TOA positioning in asynchronous networks uses the relative time of arrival of radio broadcasts at network-based receivers. This technique requires knowledge of the distance between the sites of the individual receivers, and any differences in the timing of the individual receivers. The signal arrival times can thus be normalized at the receiver sites, leaving only the flight time between the device and each receiver. Because radio signals travel at known speeds, this distance can be calculated from the normalized time of arrival derived at the receiver. Time-of-arrival data collected from three more receivers will be used to resolve the precise position.

Web-based TDOA

In a network-based (uplink) Time Difference of Arrival Wireless Location System, the transmitted target signals are collected, processed and time-stamped at multiple network receiving/transceiving stations with very high accuracy. From this, the position of each network station and the distance between several stations are known precisely. The network receiving station timestamps either need to be highly synchronized with a highly robust clock, or the difference in timing between receiving stations needs to be known.

The measured time difference between signals acquired from any pair of receiving stations can be represented by a hyperbola of position. The position of the receiver can be determined to be somewhere on the hyperbola where the time difference between received signals is constant. By iteratively determining the position hyperbolas between each pair of receiving stations, and calculating the intersection points between the hyperbolas, a position estimate can be determined.

Network-based AoA

The AOA method uses multiple antennas, or multiple antennas, at two or more receiver sites to determine the transmitter's position by determining the angle of incidence of radio signals arriving at each receiver site. For an initial description of providing location in an outdoor cellular environment, see U.S. Patent No. 4,728,959, "Direction Finding Localization." used in indoor environments.

Web-based POA

Arrival power is an approximate measurement used between individual network nodes and wireless devices. If the system consists of transceivers with forward and reverse radio channels available between the device and the network nodes, the wireless device can be commanded to use a certain power for transmission, additionally, the power of the device transmitter should be known (a priori). Since the power of a radio signal decreases with distance (from the attenuation of radio waves by air, and the combined effects of free space loss, ground plane loss, and diffraction loss), an estimate of this distance can be determined from the received signal. In the simplest terms, the emitted radio energy is designed to be modeled as being spread over the surface of a celestial body as the distance between transmitter and receiver increases. This spherical model means that the radio power at the receiver decreases with the square of the distance. This simple POA model can be refined by using more complex propagation models and calibration via test transmissions on possible transmission sites.

Network-based multi-way POA

This arrival power location technique uses characteristics of the physical environment to locate wireless devices. Radio transmissions are not reflected and absorbed by objects in direct line of sight on the way to the receiver (or network antenna or device antenna), resulting in multipath interference. At the receiver, multiple time-delayed, attenuated copies of the transmission arrive for acquisition.

The POA multiplex fingerprinting technique uses the amplitude of multiplexed degraded signals to characterize the received signal for comparison with a database of known amplitude patterns received from a calibration location.

To employ multiplex fingerprinting, the operator probes the radio network (using test transmissions performed in a grid pattern over the service area) to build a database of amplitude pattern fingerprints for later comparison. Periodic retesting is required to update the database to compensate for changes in the radio environment caused by seasonal changes, and the effects of buildings or voids in the calibration area.

Web-based PDOA

The arrival power difference requires a one-to-many arrangement with multiple sensors and a single transmitter or multiple transmitters and a single sensor. PDOA techniques require that the transmitter power and sensor location are known (a priori) so that local area (to antenna and sensor) amplification or attenuation detection of the power measurement on the measurement sensor can be detected.

web-based hybrid

A network-based system may be deployed as a hybrid system using a mixture of only network-based positioning techniques or a mixture of network-based and device-based positioning techniques.

Device-Based Location Technology

Device-based receivers or transceivers are known by different names: mobile station (cellular), access point (wireless local access network), transponder (RFID), slave device (Bluetooth) or tag (UWB) . In a device-based system, since the signal being measured originates on the network, the device-based system receives and measures the arrival time or signal strength of the signal. The calculation of the device position can be performed on the device, or the measured signal characteristics can be transmitted to a server for additional processing.

Device-based TOA

Device-based TOA positioning in a synchronized network uses the absolute time of arrival of multiple radio broadcasts at mobile receivers. Since the signal travels at a known speed, the distance can be calculated from the time of arrival either at the receiver, or communicated back to the network and calculated at the server. Time-of-arrival data from two transmitters narrows the location down to two points, and data from a third transmitter is required to resolve the precise location. The synchronization of the network base stations is important. Inaccuracies in timing synchronization translate directly into position estimation errors. Other inherent sources of error that can be measured include antenna and cable response times at network transmitters.

While ultra-high precision (atomic) clocks or GPS-type radio time references achieve affordability and portability, a possible future embodiment of a device-based synchronization network TOA is for both locking to a common time Standard network transmitters and receivers. When both the transmitter and receiver have common timing, the time of flight can be calculated directly, and the distance determined from the time of flight and the speed of light.

Device-based TDOA

Device-based TDOA is based on signals collected on mobile devices from geographically distributed network transmitters. Unless the transmitter also provides (either directly or via broadcast) its position or the transmitter position is maintained in device memory, the device cannot perform TDOA position estimation directly, but must load the acquired signal-related information to the terrestrial side server.

The network transmitter station signal broadcast requires that the transmitters are synchronized to a highly robust clock, or that differences in timing between transmitter stations are known to a location determination engine located on the wireless device, or located on a landside server.

Commercial location systems using device-based TDOA include Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT) and Enhanced Forward Link Trilateration (EFLT) (both standardized in ANSI Standard IS-801) system.

Device-based time difference observation

Device-based time difference observation positioning technology measures the arrival time of signals from more than three network transmitters at two geographically dispersed locations. These locations may be a collection of wireless handsets or fixed locations within the network. The location of the network transmitter must be known (a priori) to the server performing the location calculation. The position of the handset is determined by comparing the time difference between the two sets of timing measurements.

Examples of this technology include the GSM Advanced Observation of Time Difference (E-OTD) system (ETSI GSM Standard 03.71), and the UMTS Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) system. Both EOTD and OTDOA can be combined with network TOA or POA measurements to produce more accurate position estimates.

Device-based TDOA-GPS

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based TDOA system that allows receivers on Earth to calculate precise location information. The system uses a total of 24 active satellites, placed in six different, but equally spaced orbital planes, with high-precision atomic clocks. Each orbital plane has four satellites equally spaced to maximize visibility from the Earth's surface. At any one time, a typical GPS receiver user will see between 5 and 8 satellites. With four satellites in view, sufficient timing information is available to be able to calculate position on Earth.

Each GPS satellite transmits data including information about its location and the current time. All GPS satellites work synchronously to transmit these repeating signals at virtually the same instant. Signals traveling at the speed of light arrive at a GPS receiver at slightly different times because some satellites are farther away than others. The distance to a GPS satellite can be determined by calculating the time it takes for the signal to travel from the satellite to the receiver. It is possible to determine the position of a GPS receiver in three-dimensional space when the receiver is able to calculate distances from at least four GPS satellites.

The satellite transmits various information. Some major elements are considered ephemeris and almanac data. The ephemeris data is information enabling accurate orbit calculation of satellites. Almanac data gives the approximate positions of all satellites in the constellation, and thus the GPS receiver is able to find which satellite is in view.

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; CA</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&pi;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&phi;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; CA</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&pi;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&phi;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

in:

i: number of satellites

ai: carrier amplitude

Di: Satellite navigation data bits (data rate 50Hz)

CAi: C/A code (chip rate 1.023MHz)

t: time

ti0: C/A code initial phase

fi: carrier frequency

φi: carrier phase

n: noise

w: Interference

Device-based hybrid TDOA-A-GPS

Taylor (see U.S. Patent No. 4,445,118, "Navigation system and method") discloses assisted GPS due to satellite acquisition time and poor position yield when direct line-of-sight to GPS satellites cannot be acquired.

Wireless Technologies for Positioning

broadcast positioning system

A positioning system that uses dedicated spectrum and includes a geographically dispersed network of receivers and wireless transmitter "tags" can be used with the present invention as a geographical location via a transmitting beacon with an LDP client device 110 acting as a receiver or transceiver unit. A system that provides timing signals over a distributed network. The LDP client device 110 is well suited as a transmitter tag, or as a receiver unit for such wireless systems, and depending on service area, accessibility and price of location services, such networks may be used. In case the location network operates in a dedicated frequency band, the LDP client device 110 can use its capabilities to talk to the LDP server 220 and the landside location application using other radio communication networks. Examples of these broadcast location systems include the Lo-jack vehicle recovery system, the LORAN system, and E-OTD-like systems based on Rosum HDTV transmitters.

honeycomb

Wireless (cellular) systems based on AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, GSM, GPRS and UMTS all support the data communication links required by the present invention. Cellular positioning systems and devices for enhanced cellular positioning techniques have been taught in detail in TruePosition's US Patent. These patents cover various positioning methods including but not limited to AoA, AoA hybrid, TDOA, TDOA hybrid including TDOA/FDOA, A-GPS, hybrid A-GPS. Many of the described technologies are now in commercial service.

LAN and WAN

These wireless systems are all designed as purely digital data communication systems, rather than voice-enabled systems with data capabilities added as a secondary purpose. Considerable overlap in radio technologies, signal processing techniques and data stream formats results from cross-learning of the various standard groups involved. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) project for Broadband Radio Access Network (BRAN), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and Multimedia Access Communication System (MMAC) in Japan (Working Group High Speed Radio Access Network) have been All function to harmonize the various systems developed.

Typically, WLAN systems operate using unlicensed spectrum and do not require the ability to handover to other access points. The lack of coordination between access points limits positioning techniques to single station techniques, such as POA and TOA (round trip delay).

IEEE 802.11-WiFi

WiFi is standardized as IEEE 802.11. Current variants include 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n. Designed as a short-range wireless local area network using unlicensed spectrum, WiFi systems are best suited for a variety of proximity location techniques. Power limited to comply with FCC Part 15 (Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations Transmission Rules, Part 15, Subsection 245).

Section 15.245 of the FCC rules describes the maximum equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) that unlicensed systems can emit and be certified for. This rule is for those systems intended to submit systems for certification under this section. It states that a proven system may have a maximum transmit power of 1 watt (+36dBm) into an omnidirectional antenna with 6dBi gain. This results in an EIRP of +30dBm+6dBi=+36dBm (4 watts). If it proves to be a higher gain omnidirectional antenna, then the transmit power into the antenna must be reduced so that the EIRP of the system does not exceed +36dBmEIRP. Therefore, for a 12dBi omnidirectional antenna, the maximum provable power is +24dBm (250mW (+24dBm+12dBi=36dBm). For a directional antenna used on a point-to-point system, every 3dB increase in antenna gain adds 1dB EIRP. For a 24dBi parabolic antenna, it is calculated that a transmit power of +24dBm can be fed into this high gain antenna. This results in an EIRP of +24dBm+24dBi=48dBm (64 watts).

IEEE 802.11 proximity location methods can be network-based or device-based.

HiperLAN

HiperLAN is an acronym for High Performance Radio Local Area Network. HiperLAN, developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), is a collection of WLAN communication standards mainly used in European countries.

HiperLAN is a relatively short-range variant of broadband radio access networks, and is designed as a supplementary access mechanism for public UMTS (3GPP cellular) networks, as well as specific for wireless LAN type systems. HiperLAN provides high-speed (up to 54Mb/s) wireless access to various digital packet networks.

IEEE 802.16-WiMAN, WiMAX

IEEE 802.16 is working group number 16 of IEEE 802 dedicated to point-to-multipoint broadband wireless access.

IEEE 802.15.4-ZigBee

IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee is intended as a specification for low power networking for such uses as wireless surveillance lights, security alarms, motion sensors, thermostats and smoke detectors. 802.15.4/ZigBee is built on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard that specifies the MAC and PHY layers. This "ZigBee" comes from a higher layer enhancement being developed by a consortium of vendors known as the Zigbee Alliance. For example, 802.15.4 specifies 128-bit AES encryption, while ZigBee only specifies how to handle the encryption key exchange. 802.15.4/ZigBee networks are nominated to operate on unlicensed frequencies, including the 2.4GHz band in the United States.

Ultra Wideband (UWB)

Section 15.503 of the FCC rules provides definitions and limitations for UWB operation. Ultra Wideband is a modern embodiment of the oldest technology for modulating radio signals (Marconi spark gap transmitter). Pulse Code Modulation is used to encode data on wideband spread spectrum signals.

UWB systems transmit signals over a wider frequency than conventional radio communication systems and are often difficult to detect. The amount of spectrum occupied by the UWB signal, ie the bandwidth of the UWB signal is at least 25% of the center frequency. Thus, a UWB signal centered at 2 GHz will have a minimum bandwidth of 500 MHz, and a UWB signal centered at 4 GHz will have a minimum bandwidth of 1 GHz. The most common technique for generating UWB signals is to deliver pulses with a duration of less than 1 nanosecond.

UWB technology is useful for positioning proximity (via POA), AoA, TDOA or a mixture of these technologies using special wideband signals to convey binary information. In theory, the accuracy of TDOA estimation is limited by several practical factors, such as integration time, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at each receiving site, and the bandwidth of the transmitted signal. The Cramer-Rao constraint exemplifies this correlation. It can be approximated as:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; TDOA</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; rms</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&pi;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; rms</span>}}\sqrt{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; SbT</span>}}}$

Here f _rms is the rms bandwidth of the signal, b is the noise equivalent bandwidth of the receiver, T is the integration time, and S is the smaller SNR of the two sites. The TDOA formula expresses the lower bound. In practice, the system will deal with interference and multipath, both of which tend to limit the practical SNR. UWB radio technology is largely immune to the effects of multipath interference because the signal bandwidth of a UWB signal is similar to the coherence bandwidth of a multipath channel that allows the different multipath components to be resolved by a receiver.

A possible proxy for arriving power in UWB is the use of signal bit rate. Since the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreases with increasing power, after a certain point that increases faster than the power rating, reducing the s/n ratio actually means greater information entropy, and away from the Shannon capacity, This results in a lower throughput of information. Since the power of UWB signals decreases with distance (from the attenuation of radio waves through air, and the combined effects of free space loss, ground plane loss, and diffraction loss), the maximum possible bit rate will decrease with increasing distance. When used limitedly for distance estimation, the bit rate (or bit error rate) can be used as an indication of approaching or departing from the wireless device.

In the simplest terms, the emitted radio energy is designed to be modeled as being spread over the surface of a celestial body as the distance between transmitter and receiver increases. This spherical model means that the radio power at the receiver decreases with the square of the distance. This simple model can be refined by using more complex propagation models and calibration via test transmissions on possible transmission sites.

Bluetooth

Bluetooth was originally conceived as a Wireless Private Area Network (W-PAN or just PAN). The term PAN is used interchangeably with the official term "Bluetooth piconet". Bluetooth is designed for very low transmission power and has a usable range below 10 meters without the need for a dedicated, directional antenna. The use of a high-power Bluetooth device or a dedicated directional antenna allows distances up to 100 meters. Considering the design rationale behind Bluetooth (PAN and/or cable replacement), even the 10m distance works for the original purpose behind Bluetooth. Future versions of the Bluetooth specification may allow longer distances in competition with IEEE 802.11 WiFi WLAN networks.

While single-station angle-of-arrival positioning or AoA hybrids are possible when directional antennas are used to increase range or capability, the use of Bluetooth for positioning purposes is limited to proximity (when the location of the Bluetooth master is known) .

As slave devices move between piconets, velocity and direction of movement estimates can be obtained. A Bluetooth piconet is designed to be dynamic and constantly changing, so a device that moves out of range of one host and into range of another can be within a short period of time (typically, between 1-5 seconds) ) to create a new link. When a slave device moves between at least two masters, the directional vector can be deployed from the master's known location. If links between more than three hosts are established (sequentially), an estimate of the device's direction and velocity can be calculated.

A Bluetooth network can provide the data link necessary for the present invention. The LDP client device 110 to LDP server 220 data can also be established over W-LAN or cellular data network.

RFID

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a method of automatic identification and proximity location that relies on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. RFID tags are compact radio transmitters or transceivers. RFID tags contain antennas that allow them to receive and respond to radio frequency interrogations from RFID readers (transceivers), and then respond to radio frequency responses that include the contents of the tag's solid-state memory.

Passive RFID tags do not require an internal power source and are used in such tags by inductively connecting the reader to a loop antenna in the tag, or by backscattering connections between the reader and the tag's dipole antenna provided power. Active RFID tags require a power source.

RFID wireless location is a power-of-arrival method because the tag transmits a target signal only when it is in proximity to the RFID reader. Because the tag is only active when scanned by a reader, the known position of the reader determines the location of the tagged item. RFID can be used to allow location based services based on proximity (location and time of location). RFID does not yield to the aided speed or direction of travel information.

Even equipped with sufficient wired or wireless backhaul, the RFID reader is unlikely to provide sufficient data link bandwidth necessary for the present invention. In a more likely embodiment, the RFID reader will provide location indication, while also establishing an LDP to LDP server 220 data connection over a WLAN or cellular data network.

near field communication

A variant of the passive RFID system, Near Field Communication (NFC) operates in the 13.56MHz RFID frequency range. Proximity positioning at a distance of less than 8 inches from the NFC transmitter is permitted. The NFC technology is standardized in ISO 18092, ISO 21481, ECMA (340, 352 and 356) and ETSITS 102190.

G. Citations for Patents Related to WLS

TruePosition Corporation, the assignee of the present invention, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, KSI Corporation, have been inventing wireless positioning for many years and have acquired a portfolio of related patents, some of which are cited above. Accordingly, the following patents may be consulted for further information and background on the inventions and improvements in the field of wireless location:

1. U.S. Patent No. 6,876,859B2, April 5, 2005, Method for Estimating TDOA and FDOA in a Wireless Location System (method for evaluating TDOA and FDOA in a wireless location system);

2. US Patent No. 6,873,290B2, March 29, 2005, Multiple PassLocation Processor (multiple pass location processor);

3. US Patent 6,782,264B2, August 24, 2004, Monitoring of Call Information in a Wireless Location System (monitoring call information in a wireless location system);

4. U.S. Patent 6,771,625 B1, August 3, 2004, Pseudolite-AugmentedGPS for Locating Wireless Phones (virtual augmented GPS for positioning wireless phones);

5. U.S. Patent No. 6,765,531 B2, July 20, 2004, System and Method for Interference Cancellation in a Location Calculation, for Use ina Wireless Locations System (for interference cancellation in positioning calculation, for use in wireless positioning systems systems and methods);

6. U.S. Patent No. 6,661,379 B2, December 9, 2003, Antenna Selection Method for a Wireless Location System (antenna selection method for a wireless location system);

7. US Patent No.6,646,604 B2, November 11, 2003, Automatic Synchronous Tuning of Narrowband Receivers of a Wireless System for Voice/Traffic Channel Tracking (automatic synchronous fine-tuning of narrowband receivers for voice/traffic channel tracking wireless systems) ;

8. US Patent No. 6,603,428 B2, August 5, 2003, Multiple PassLocation Processing (multiple pass location processing);

9. U.S. Patent 6,563,460 B2, May 13, 2003, Collision Recovery in a Wireless Location System (collision recovery in a wireless location system);

10. U.S. Patent No. 6,546,256 B1, April 8, 2003, Robust, Efficient, Location-Related Measurement (strong and effective location-related measurement);

11. U.S. Patent 6,519,465 B2, February 11, 2003, ModifiedTransmission Method for Improving Accuracy for E-911 Calls (used to improve the modified transmission method of accuracy);

12. U.S. Patent No. 6,492,944 B1, December 10, 2002, Internal Calibration Method for a Receiver System of a Wireless Location System (for the internal calibration method of the receiver system of the Wireless Location System);

13. U.S. Patent No. 6,483,460 B2, November 19, 2002, Baseline Selection Method for Use in a Wireless Location System (baseline selection method used in a wireless location system);

14. U.S. Patent No. 6,463,290 B1, October 8, 2002, Mobile-AssistedNetwork Based Techniques for Improving Accuracy of Wireless Location System (based on auxiliary mobile network technology for improving the accuracy of wireless location systems);

15. U.S. Patent No.6,400,320, June 4, 2002, Antenna Selection Method For A Wireless Location System (Antenna Selection Method For A Wireless Location System);

16. U.S. Patent No. 6,388,618, May 14, 2002, Signal Collection on System For A Wireless Location System (for signal collection on the system of a wireless positioning system);

17. U.S. Patent No. 6,366,241, April 2, 2002, Enhanced Determination Of Position-Dependent Signal Characteristics (enhanced determination of signal characteristics dependent on position);

18. U.S. Patent No. 6,351,235, February 26, 2002, Method And System For Synchronizing Receiver Systems Of A Wireless Location System (method and system for synchronizing receiver systems of wireless location systems);

19. U.S. Patent No. 6,317,081, November 13, 2001, Internal Calibration Method For Receiver System OfA Wireless Location System (for the internal calibration method of the receiver system of the wireless location system);

20. U.S. Patent No. 6,285,321, September 4, 2001, Station Based Processing Method For A Wireless Location System (for a workstation-based processing method for a wireless location system);

21. U.S. Patent 6,334,059, December 25, 2001, Modified Transmission Method for Improving Accuracy for E-911 Calls (used to improve the transmission method for improving the accuracy of E-911 calls);

22. U.S. Patent No. 6,317,604, November 13, 2001, CentralizedDatabase System For A Wireless Location System (centralized database system for wireless positioning system);

23. U.S. Patent No. 6,288,676, September 11, 2001, Apparatus And Method For Single Station Communications Localization (apparatus and method for single station communication positioning);

24. US Patent No. 6,288,675, September 11, 2001, Single Station Communications Localization System (single workstation communication positioning system);

25. US Patent No. 6,281,834, August 28, 2001, Calibration For Wireless Location System (for calibration of wireless positioning system);

26. U.S. Patent No. 6,266,013, July 24, 2001, Architecture For ASignal Collection System Of A Wireless Location System (for the architecture of the signal collection system of the wireless positioning system);

27. US Patent No. 6,184,829, February 6, 2001, Calibration For Wireless Location System (for calibration of wireless positioning system);

28. U.S. Patent No. 6,172,644, January 9, 2001, Emergency Location Method For A Wireless Location System (emergency location method for wireless location system);

29. U.S. Patent No. 6,115,599, September 5, 2000, Directed RetryMethod For Use In A Wireless Location System (direct retry method used in wireless location system);

30. U.S. Patent No. 6,097,336, August 1, 2000, Method For Improving The Accuracy Of A Wireless Location System (for improving the accuracy of the wireless location system);

31. US Patent No. 6,091,362, July 18, 2000, Bandwidth Synthesis For Wireless Location System (for wireless location system bandwidth synthesis);

32. U.S. Patent No. 6,047,192, April 4, 2000, Robust, Efficient, Localization System (strong and effective positioning system);

33. U.S. Patent No. 6,108,555, August 22, 2000, Enhanced Time Difference Localization System (enhanced time difference positioning system);

34. U.S. Patent 6,101,178, August 8, 2000, Pseudolite-AugmentedGPS for Locating Wireless Telephones (virtual augmented GPS for locating wireless phones)

35. U.S. Patent No. 6,119,013, September 12, 2000, EnhancedTime-Difference Localization System (enhanced time difference positioning system);

36. U.S. Patent No. 6,127,975, October 3, 2000, Single Station Communications Localization System (single workstation communication positioning system);

37. US Patent No. 5,959,580, September 28, 1999, Communications Localization System (communication positioning system);

38. U.S. Patent No. 5,608,410, March 4, 1997, System For Locating A Source Of Bursty Transmissions (system for locating the source of burst transmission);

39. U.S. Patent No. 5,327,144, July 5, 1994, Cellular Telephone Location System (cellular phone location system); and

40. U.S. Patent No. 4,728,959, March 1, 1988, Direction Finding Localization System (direction finding positioning system).

H. Conclusion

The actual scope of the invention is not limited to the illustrative embodiments disclosed herein. For example, prior disclosures of the Wireless Location System (WLS) use descriptive terms such as wireless device, mobile station, client, network workstation, etc., which should not be construed so as to limit the scope of the present application, or otherwise imply The inventive aspects of the WLS are limited to the specific methods and apparatus disclosed. In many cases, the arrangement of the embodiments (ie, functional elements) described here is merely a designer's preference, and not a hard requirement. Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of protection be limited to the particular embodiments described above, except as they may expressly be so limited.

Claims (29)

1. A positioning device platform LDP server configured to be used in a system in which an LDP client device configured as a wireless gaming device requests a game service from a game server, the LDP server comprising: a processor and a computer-readable storage medium, the LDP server being configured to communicate with the game server and the Wireless Location System for the purpose of providing game services to LDP client devices; wherein the game service is provided based on the geographic location of the LDP client device; and Wherein, the processor and the computer-readable storage medium are configured so that the LDP server receives a request from the game server and provides information to the game server, wherein, if there is a service, the game will be provided to the LDP client device, the information is useful when the game server determines what game services to provide to the LDP client device. 2. The LDP server of claim 1, wherein the processor and computer-readable storage medium are configured such that the LDP server receives requests from the game server and requests location information from the Wireless Location System. 3. A gaming system comprising: An LDP client device, including a wireless communication subsystem, a processor of the LDP client device, and a computer-readable storage medium of the LDP client device; LDP server, including the processor of the LDP server and the computer-readable storage medium of the LDP server; a wireless positioning subsystem, configured to determine the location of the LDP client device; and A game server, configured to provide game services to the LDP client device; wherein the LDP client device is configured to communicate with the game server for providing game services to the client device, and the LDP server is configured to communicate with the game server and the Wireless Location System, Wherein the processor of the LDP server and the computer-readable storage medium of the LDP server are configured such that the LDP server receives a request from the game server and provides information to the game server, wherein, if any game service will If provided to the LDP client device, the information is useful when the game server determines what game services to provide to the LDP client device. 4. The gaming system of claim 3, wherein the LDP client device further comprises a location determination subsystem. 5. The gaming system of claim 3, wherein the processor of the LDP client device and the computer-readable storage medium of the LDP client device are configured such that the LDP client device is primarily limited to use as a gaming device . 6. The gaming system of claim 3, wherein the wireless communication subsystem of the LDP client device includes a radio receiver and a radio transmitter; and wherein the LDP client device further includes a A location determination subsystem for a location of an LDP client device; and wherein the processor of the LDP client device and the computer-readable storage medium of the LDP client device are configured such that the LDP client device is primarily limited to use as a gaming device . 7. The gaming system of claim 3, wherein providing the gaming service to the LDP client device is based on a geographic location of the LDP client device. 8. The game system of claim 3 , wherein the processor of the LDP server and the computer-readable storage medium of the LDP server are configured such that the LDP server receives requests from the game server and receives requests from the game server. The Wireless Location System requests location information. 9. The game system of claim 3 , wherein the processor of the LDP server and the computer-readable storage medium of the LDP server are configured such that the LDP server receives requests from the game server and provides information to The game server, wherein the information is useful when the game server determines game services to provide to the LDP client device; and wherein the processor of the LDP server and the computer readable storage of the LDP server The medium is further configured such that the LDP server requests location information from the Wireless Location System, the location information relating to the geographic location of the LDP client device. 10. The game system of claim 3, wherein the game server and the LDP server are implemented on separate computers. 11. The game system of claim 3, wherein the game server and the LDP server are implemented on a common computer. 12. The gaming system of claim 3, wherein the location of the LDP client device is determined by a network-based positioning technique. 13. The gaming system of claim 3, wherein the location of the LDP client device is determined by a device-based positioning technique. 14. The gaming system of claim 3, wherein the location of the LDP client device is determined by a hybrid network/device based positioning technique. 15. The gaming system of claim 3, wherein the LDP server is configured to select a technique for determining the location of the LDP client device. 16. The gaming system of claim 15, wherein the selection of the technique used to determine the location of the LDP client device is based on a desired accuracy. 17. The gaming system of claim 15, wherein the selection of the technique for determining the location of the LDP client device is based on cost. 18. The gaming system of claim 3, wherein data communication between the LDP client device and the LDP server is over a wireless communication link. 19. The gaming system of claim 3, wherein the location of the LDP client device is obtained by the LDP server through an address associated with a caller ID. 20. The gaming system of claim 3, wherein the LDP server maintains the service areas and rules associated with each service area. 21. The gaming system of claim 20, wherein the service area is defined by a polygon defined by a set of points of longitude and latitude. 22. The gaming system of claim 20, wherein the service area is defined by a radius around a central point. 23. The gaming system of claim 20, wherein the service area is defined within the location aware server based on gaming regulations. 24. The gaming system of claim 3, wherein the LDP server or the gaming server can grant LDP client devices full access, limited access, or no access to gaming services. 25. The gaming system of claim 24, wherein restricted access refers to simulated only game play. 26. The gaming system of claim 24, wherein limited access means enabling multiplayer gaming, but without requiring real money. 27. The gaming system according to claim 24, wherein restricting access refers to subscribing the game at a specific time and within a specified range. 28. The gaming system of claim 24, wherein the no access permission indicates where the requested game is permitted. 29. The gaming system of claim 3, wherein the game comprises a plurality of online games.

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