CN101388418B - Portable tracking-free non-imaging solar concentrator - Google Patents
Portable tracking-free non-imaging solar concentrator Download PDFInfo
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- CN101388418B CN101388418B CN200810051305XA CN200810051305A CN101388418B CN 101388418 B CN101388418 B CN 101388418B CN 200810051305X A CN200810051305X A CN 200810051305XA CN 200810051305 A CN200810051305 A CN 200810051305A CN 101388418 B CN101388418 B CN 101388418B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
本发明涉及利用太阳能的光学聚光装置，特别是一种便携免跟踪式非成像太阳能聚光装置。由聚焦透镜、非成像透镜、光伏电池、封装外壳组成；所述非成像透镜位于聚焦透镜与光伏电池之间，聚焦透镜的聚焦面与非成像透镜的上表面边缘点水平位置相同，非成像透镜的上下表面的边缘点分别位于以顶部聚焦透镜两个边缘点和以底部光伏电池两个边缘点为焦点的双曲线上，聚焦透镜接收不同角度入射的太阳光束，将太阳光束聚焦在非成像透镜上，太阳光束经非成像透镜照射在光伏电池，由光伏电池完成光电转换。本发明结构简单、成本低、在所设计的视场内无需跟踪装置，实现了静态接收，携带时可以无需时刻考虑接收角的问题。
The invention relates to an optical concentrating device utilizing solar energy, in particular to a portable tracking-free non-imaging solar concentrating device. It consists of a focusing lens, a non-imaging lens, a photovoltaic cell, and an encapsulation shell; the non-imaging lens is located between the focusing lens and the photovoltaic cell, the focal plane of the focusing lens is at the same horizontal position as the upper surface edge of the non-imaging lens, and the non-imaging lens The edge points on the upper and lower surfaces of the solar cell are respectively located on the hyperbola with the two edge points of the top focusing lens and the two edge points of the bottom photovoltaic cell as the focus. The focusing lens receives the sun beams incident at different angles and focuses the sun beams on the non-imaging lens On the top, the solar beam is irradiated on the photovoltaic cell through the non-imaging lens, and the photoelectric conversion is completed by the photovoltaic cell. The invention has simple structure, low cost, no tracking device is needed in the designed field of view, static reception is realized, and the problem of receiving angle can not be considered all the time when carrying.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of photoelectric technology, relate to the optical concentration device that utilizes solar energy, particularly a kind of portable non-track type non-image forming solar condensing device.
Background technology
Solar energy is regenerative resource the abundantest on the earth, and since the solar utilization technique development, the development and use cost of its costliness just becomes the extensive obstacle of popularizing.Can utilize the key of solar energy just to be to improve optically focused ratio and tracking accuracy economical and efficient.
Make a general survey of the developing history of solar energy equipment, many as far as possible in order to guarantee energy accumulating, system has all used the optical element that can reach focusing effect.One-dimensional focusing optical element such as V-shaped groove, two-dimension focusing optical element such as speculum, refracting telescope, Fresnel Lenses.Because the acceptance angle of collective optics is generally very little, for the reception that guarantees that energy is real-time, solar energy equipment must be positive as much as possible towards incident direction, therefore, tracking means just arises at the historic moment, the tradition tracking means has one dimension to follow the tracks of or two-dimensional tracking, all needs complicated Mechatronic control system, has not only increased weight but also has improved cost and easy care not.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is needs real-time tracking for overcoming traditional solar-energy light collector, and the little defective of receiving angle, and a kind of portable non-track type non-image forming solar condensing device is provided.The present invention is a beam condensing unit a kind of simple in structure, light and handy, has solved existing beam condensing unit complex structure and other problems, can realize optically focused and two kinds of functions of static reception simultaneously.
Portable non-track type non-image forming solar condensing device of the present invention is formed by being encapsulated in the condenser lens in the shell, non-imaging len, photovoltaic cell, and described non-imaging len is between described condenser lens and photovoltaic cell; The position, focal plane of condenser lens is identical with the top surface edge point horizontal level of non-imaging len, it is on the hyperbola of focus that the top surface edge point of non-imaging len is positioned at two marginal points of top condenser lens, and it is on the hyperbola of focus that the lower surface edge of non-imaging len point is positioned at two marginal points of bottom photovoltaic cell; Condenser lens receives the sun light beam of different angles, and sun light beam is focused on the non-imaging len, and sun light beam is radiated on the photovoltaic cell through non-imaging len, finishes opto-electronic conversion by photovoltaic cell.
The preparation method of portable non-track type non-image forming solar condensing device of the present invention is:
At first utilize non-image-forming principle to carry out software programming according to primary data, programme when calculating, at first needing the infinity sunlight in the practical application is that directional light is converted to limited distance light source, be about to the top condenser lens and be assumed to limited far plane light source, recently set its caliber size according to battery sizes and the optically focused of choosing then, when Input Software is simulated, the limited distance light source at top is replaced with condenser lens, analog light source imitation sunlight is made as the infinity directional light, and the focal length of condenser lens equals the limited distance light source in the design process and the distance of non-imaging len top surface edge point;
Total projectile energy of bore and total outgoing energy equate to be initial condition before and after the suppose device, and this condition is by the bore of condenser lens, and device receives half-angle and place environment refractive index three's product decision; The two optical axis coincidence of condenser lens and non-imaging len, and optical axis is perpendicular to the photovoltaic cell surface and through its centre of surface point; After determining initial parameter, utilize software program to calculate according to the rim ray principle, two marginal points on the collector lens cross section, top are imaged in two marginal points in photovoltaic cell cross section respectively, still be rim ray when following the rim ray outgoing of incident when guaranteeing design; Through designing the non-imaging len of the condition that is met, the bore of non-imaging len and thickness are according to receiving angle and outer cover length adjustment;
After designing the primary face type, match is carried out at resulting figurate number strong point, curved surface should be the high order free form surface; Next step can utilize optics software to carry out the ray tracing simulation and analyze, and other primary datas are imported in the lump.
The present invention at first utilizes non-image-forming principle to carry out software programming according to primary data, obtains the primary face type of non-imaging len.The top condenser lens is assumed to the limited distance light source of same caliber size when programming calculating, can adopt Fresnel Lenses or normal thin lens in the reality.When the infinity sunlight focused on the non-imaging eyeglass through the top condenser lens, condenser lens became limited distance light source for non-imaging len, but not the design principle of imaging len utilizes limited distance light source to carry out optically focused just.Non-imaging len can be transmitted to battery surface with the sunlight of being collected by condenser lens, finishes opto-electronic conversion.
In design process of the present invention, total projectile energy of bore and total outgoing energy equate it is the initial condition of design before and after the suppose device, have guaranteed that promptly logical in theory light rate is 100%.The light collecting light ability of system is weighed with etendue E in nonimaging optics, is also referred to as optics expansion invariant, and it is by the bore of condenser lens, and the refractive index three's of receiving angle and place environment product determines.The two optical axis of condenser lens and non-imaging len should overlap, and optical axis is perpendicular to battery surface and through its centre of surface point.After determining initial parameter, utilize software program to calculate, the wherein most importantly application of rim ray principle, still be rim ray when following the rim ray outgoing of incident when promptly guaranteeing design, then the light between the light of two edges also can be guaranteed to be incident upon in two marginal points in battery reception cross section, has guaranteed in the design process that logical light rate is 100%.The final non-imaging len that is met condition through design.The caliber size of non-imaging len and thickness can be according to the receiving angle of design and the corresponding adjustment of overall length of device, and the value of separating is not unique, should take all factors into consideration choose the most suitable actual conditions the value of separating as the face type.
After designing the primary face type, match is carried out at resulting figurate number strong point, curved surface should be the high order free form surface, we adopt quartic polynomial to carry out match to get final product for smooth surface, and expression formula is as y=ax
4+ bx
3+ cx
2+ dx+e, a in the formula, b, c, d, e is undetermined coefficient, x be face type cross section curve radially, y is the axial direction of face type cross section curve, whole non-imaging len face type is similar to convex lens.Next step can utilize optics software to carry out the ray tracing simulation and analyze, and other primary datas are imported in the lump.If any error, can suitably optimize, to follow the rim ray principle during optimization, and the upper and lower surface of each eyeglass is plated with antireflection (anti-reflection, AR) film reduces energy loss as far as possible to improve transmitance, and general overall transmitance is more than 90%.
The advantage that the present invention has is:
1, simple in structure, in light weight, when as mancarried device the time, maybe needing to consider installation weight,
Condenser lens can adopt Fresnel Lenses.The Fresnel Lenses focusing effect is better than conventional lenses, and aberration is less, and saves material greatly, and the injection moulding of employing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) can weight reduction.Generally several elements are carried out the integrated encapsulation of array in the plane, to improve gross power.
2, utilize the eyeglass of nonimaging optics design satisfying big the going into of assurance under the situation of high permeability
The firing angle and the angle of emergence, the distance of shortening condenser lens and non-imaging len and non-imaging len and photovoltaic cell.
3, biggest advantage is to need not tracking means in designed visual field, has realized static reception, can need not constantly to consider the problem of acceptance angle when carrying.Existing solar energy receiving equipment needs tracking means to be because focus on the move photoelectric conversion efficiency that will influence battery of focus at battery surface, therefore adopt tracking means to guarantee focus in the position of battery surface relative fixed and luminous energy transmissibility, we can find that the present invention is not having to have guaranteed the overall luminous energy transmissibility of battery surface under the situation of tracking means the signal by accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Among the figure: 1 is condenser lens, and 2 is non-imaging len, and 3 is photovoltaic cell, and 4 is position, condenser lens focal plane, and 5 is sun light beam, and 6 is shell;
Fig. 2 is that non-imaging len 2 edge point position in the structure of the present invention are chosen schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the focusing situation schematic diagram of the present invention when minimum receives half-angle;
Fig. 4 is the focusing situation schematic diagram of the present invention when maximum receives half-angle;
Fig. 5 is the distribution curve of gross energy in the different visual fields of the present invention;
Battery surface relative energy illumination curve when Fig. 6 is the present invention's difference visual field;
Fig. 7 is the overall transmittance curve of luminous energy at the different bores place, different visual fields that obtains on the photovoltaic cell receiving plane of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the COMPUTER CALCULATION process block diagram of non-imaging len 2 shown in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the structure of the present invention and the course of work are described further.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of portable non-track type non-image forming solar condensing device is made up of the condenser lens 1, non-imaging len 2, the photovoltaic cell 3 that are encapsulated in the shell 6, and described non-imaging len 2 is between described condenser lens 1 and photovoltaic cell 3; The position, focal plane 4 of condenser lens 1 is identical with the top surface edge point horizontal level of non-imaging len 2, Fig. 2 has described non-imaging len 2 edge point position selection principles, it is on the hyperbola of focus that the top surface edge point of non-imaging len 2 is positioned at 1 two marginal points of top condenser lens, and it is on the hyperbola of focus that the lower surface edge point is positioned at 3 two marginal points of bottom photovoltaic cell; Under the three-dimensional situation, geometric concentrating ratio is defined as the ratio of system's incident bore and the area of outgoing bore, in the present invention, can use the ratio of the bore of condenser lens and photovoltaic cell mutually and square represent, then installs the geometric concentrating ratio C=(D/d) under three-dimensional situation
2, wherein D is that device incident bore is the bore of limited distance light source bore or condenser lens 1, d is the bore of photovoltaic cell 3.Condenser lens 1 receives the sun light beam 5 of different angles, and sun light beam 5 is focused on the non-imaging len 2, and sun light beam 5 is radiated on the photovoltaic cell 3 through non-imaging len 2, finishes opto-electronic conversion by photovoltaic cell 3.
The bore of described condenser lens 1 is 20mm～60mm, and focal length is 20mm～80mm; The bore of non-imaging len 2 is 6mm～20mm; The diameter of photovoltaic cell 3 is 2mm～10mm.
At first, select battery, select less plane photovoltaic cell usually for use, next square, length of side d determine the device receiving angle between 2mm～10mm, and entrance half-angle θ is between 0 °～10 °, and the three-dimensional optically focused of device when entrance half-angle is θ is C than extreme value
Max=(1/sin θ)
2, three-dimensional geometry optically focused than the ratio that equals device incident bore and photovoltaic cell 3 bores on the numerical value square, C=(D/d)
2, in extreme value, choose suitable optically focused than C, then determined the bore in limited distance light source, top thus,
The etendue E of calculation element, E=2Dsin θ, making the top surface edge point of non-imaging len 2 be positioned at two marginal points in limited distance light source, top is on the hyperbola of focus, obtains Hyperbolic Equation and is: x
2/ (E/4)
2-y
2/ ((D/2)
2-(E/4)
2)=1, in like manner for outgoing side, the marginal point of non-imaging len 2 lower surfaces should move on the hyperbola that is focus with 3 two marginal points of photovoltaic cell, and the caliber size up and down of non-imaging len 2 is identical.The overall length H of whole device is the distance of limited distance light source, top and non-imaging len 2 top surface edge points, the edge thickness of non-imaging len 2, and the three of non-imaging len 2 lower surface edge points and photovoltaic cell 3 is apart from sum.The bore of non-imaging len 2 is general all less than the bore of the condenser lens 1 at top, and the ratio of the bore D of overall length H and top condenser lens 1 is 1～2.When optically focused is higher than more, ratio approaches 1 more, and non-imaging len 2 aspect ratios are big more, and bottom photovoltaic cell 3 is near more with the distance of non-imaging len 2.The edge thickness of non-imaging len 2 is generally 1～3mm.Behind the edge thickness of entire length H that determines device and non-imaging len, promptly determined the position of non-imaging len 2 on hyperbola, also determined the bore of non-imaging len 2 simultaneously.Replace limited distance light source, top with condenser lens 1 during actual package, wherein non-imaging len 2 top surface edge points are exactly the focal length of top condenser lens 1 in the reality with the air line distance in limited distance light source, top.
For the transmitance that guarantees that sunlight is overall, the present invention selects for use thin lens or Fresnel Lenses as condenser lens 1.From reducing cost and the angle of weight reduction, condenser lens 1 of the present invention is selected the polymethyl methacrylate injection mo(u)lding for use.Condenser lens 1 focuses on the diverse location of the upper surface of non-imaging len 2 with the sun light beam 5 of different angles incident, and position, focal plane 4 is the top surface edge point horizontal level of non-imaging len 2, as shown in Figure 1.When sun light beam 5 focused on the non-imaging len of arrival 2 surfaces, effect such as Fig. 3 of 1 pair of sun light beam 5 of condenser lens were shown in 4.Non-imaging len 2 according to non-image-forming principle design than imaging len, has increased the degree of freedom during design, according to the rim ray principle, the design of non-imaging len 2 has guaranteed the total throughput of light, and effect is still better when wide-angle receives as 10 °.
Non-imaging len 2 COMPUTER CALCULATION processes as shown in Figure 8.The curved surface of noting match in the design process should be as far as possible perpendicular to optical axis, in order to avoid cause discontinuous breakpoint at non-imaging len center at the center tangent line.According to the overall transmitance in different visual fields, the performance of whole system is estimated in the encircled energy in photovoltaic cell 3 effective radiuses and the distribution of the relative curve of whole visual field energy illumination during software simulation.Designed eyeglass is the rotating shaft symmetrical structure, and for the ease of actual package, we can intercept the surface and be square, promptly gets inscribe square bore as the actual package size at disc.To avoid the clearance issues of circular bore array.Device enclosure wall material should have Heat stability is good, the rapid variation of the temperature that can conform, and in light weight, chemical stability is good, acid-alkali-corrosive-resisting, abominable natural weathers such as opposing acid rain, characteristics such as long service life.Photovoltaic cell 3 connect surface-mounted integrated circuits be fixed on heat sink on, the battery heat dissipation problem during high power concentrator will be noted.
Accompanying drawing is depicted as the device design and receives the optically focused situation of half-angle in ± 7 ° of scopes.Condenser lens 1 bore in top is 20mm, and non-imaging len 2 bores are 8mm, and material therefor is PMMA.It is 2mm that photovoltaic cell 3 receives radius.And contain in photovoltaic cell 3 effective radius 2mm self-energys and to reach more than 90%, transmitance in 0 °～7 ° visual fields all about 90%, therefore, in the receiving angle scope, the incident ray of different visual fields all can shine photovoltaic cell 3 surfaces and finish opto-electronic conversion, need not tracking system.The working condition of the present invention when receiving beam edge angle is shown in Fig. 3,4.
Fig. 5 is the distribution curve of gross energy in the different visual fields of the present invention; Among the figure, abscissa is represented the battery radius, and ordinate is represented the interior energy of being contained of respective radius, and the energy that 1.0 expression batteries receive is 100%.Physical significance is a received light energy percentage in the photovoltaic cell effective radius.
Battery surface relative energy illumination curve when Fig. 6 is the present invention's difference visual field; Among the figure, abscissa is an entrance half-angle, and ordinate is a relative illumination value percentage.If illumination curve value basically identical in the full visual field then can be thought energy illumination basically identical for any entrance half-angle reception battery surface, and the Energy distribution of battery surface is even.Need not tracking means, can satisfy design object.
Fig. 7 is the overall transmittance curve of luminous energy at the different bores place, different visual fields that obtains on the photovoltaic cell receiving plane of the present invention; The luminous energy transmitance at the different bores place that is each visual field on meridian and sagittal surface of curve representation.Abscissa is represented unified on meridian and the sagittal surface respectively, and ordinate is represented system's transmitance value of correspondence position on the battery receiving plane.Curvilinear motion is represented incident light through refraction loss, and the Fresnel loss arrives the energy percentage on the receiving plane after the absorbed.
Fig. 8 is the flow chart that calculates 2 types of non-imaging len.
Claims (4)
1. portable non-track type non-image forming solar condensing device, it is characterized in that, form by being encapsulated in the condenser lens (1) in the shell (6), non-imaging len (2), photovoltaic cell (3), described non-imaging len (2) is positioned between described condenser lens (1) and the photovoltaic cell (3); The position, focal plane (4) of condenser lens (1) is identical with the top surface edge point horizontal level of non-imaging len (2), it is on the hyperbola of focus that the top surface edge point of non-imaging len (2) is positioned at two marginal points of top condenser lens, and it is on the hyperbola of focus that the lower surface edge point of non-imaging len (2) is positioned at (3) two marginal points of bottom photovoltaic cell; Condenser lens (1) receives the sun light beam (5) of different angles, and sun light beam (5) is focused on the non-imaging len (2), and sun light beam (5) is radiated on the photovoltaic cell (3) through non-imaging len (2), finishes opto-electronic conversion by photovoltaic cell (3).
2. portable non-track type non-image forming solar condensing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the bore of described condenser lens (1) is 20mm～60mm, and focal length is 20mm～80mm; The bore of non-imaging len (2) is 6mm～20mm; The diameter of photovoltaic cell (3) is 2mm～10mm.
3. portable non-track type non-image forming solar condensing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that condenser lens (1) is Fresnel Lenses or thin lens.
4. portable non-track type non-image forming solar condensing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that condenser lens (1) and non-imaging len (2) are injection molded by glass or polymethyl methacrylate, and refractive index is 1.5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN200810051305XA CN101388418B (en) | 2008-10-22 | 2008-10-22 | Portable tracking-free non-imaging solar concentrator |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810051305XA CN101388418B (en) | 2008-10-22 | 2008-10-22 | Portable tracking-free non-imaging solar concentrator |
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| CN101388418A CN101388418A (en) | 2009-03-18 |
| CN101388418B true CN101388418B (en) | 2010-06-02 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102903779A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-30 | 蚌埠玻璃工业设计研究院 | Optic coupler for non-tracking type solar concentrator cells and preparation method thereof |
| CN104990285B (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-12-08 | 滕万圆 | Free of sun tracking energy concentrator |
| CN106470012A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2017-03-01 | 徐熙平 | Big receiving angle free of sun tracking energy condenser |
| CN113138461A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-07-20 | 张承辉 | Mirror suitable for sunlight and signal |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1990013777A1 (en) * | 1989-05-05 | 1990-11-15 | Arch Development Corporation | Nonimaging radiant energy device |
| JP2002262157A (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-13 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | Multifocal omnidirectional imaging device |
| US20050092360A1 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2005-05-05 | Roy Clark | Optical concentrator for solar cell electrical power generation |
| CN101251641A (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2008-08-27 | 陕西科技大学 | Transmissive Solar Concentrator |
-
2008
- 2008-10-22 CN CN200810051305XA patent/CN101388418B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1990013777A1 (en) * | 1989-05-05 | 1990-11-15 | Arch Development Corporation | Nonimaging radiant energy device |
| JP2002262157A (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-13 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | Multifocal omnidirectional imaging device |
| US20050092360A1 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2005-05-05 | Roy Clark | Optical concentrator for solar cell electrical power generation |
| CN101251641A (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2008-08-27 | 陕西科技大学 | Transmissive Solar Concentrator |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| JP特开2002-262157A 2002.09.13 |
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Assignee: Changchun Changguang UL Infrared Technology Co., Ltd. Assignor: Changchun Inst. of Optics and Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sci Contract record no.: 2012220000013 Denomination of invention: Portable non-track type non-image forming solar condensing device Granted publication date: 20100602 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20090318 Record date: 20120323 |
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