Background technology
Along with popularizing and the quickening of superseded speed of household appliances, the quantity of abandoned printed circuit board (PCB) is in sharp increase.Because discarded PCB has characteristics such as high harmfulness, high value and intractability, is subjected to increasing attention for innoxious, the recycling treatment of discarding PCB.
The domestic and international at present processing method for abandoned printed circuit board mainly contains pyrometallurgy, wet chemical metallurgy, mechanical approach and burning method etc.The main target of pyrometallurgy, wet chemical metallurgy is to reclaim precious metals such as wherein platinum, palladium, gold, silver, lead, copper.But these two kinds of treatment process all exist the pollution problem of comparison serious environmental, wherein wet chemical metallurgy has also been introduced pollutants such as poisonous and harmful chemical solution, and other can utilize material also to can not get effective recovery, therefore can not satisfy resource and reclaim and requirement on environmental protection; The mechanical-physical processing method is according to the different physical characteristics that various one-tenth branch have they to be carried out sorting, but in the Mechanical Crushing process, can produce the dust that contains glass fibre and resin in a large number, and the bromine that contains in the fire retardant etc. also can give out toxic gas, heavy damage environment because of heating in the continuous crushing process; The flow process that burning method is handled is earlier discarded PCB to be crushed to 1~2 inch size through mechanical means, sends into then in an incinerator and burns, and makes organic gas and solids separation, and residue is exposed metal and glass fibre.But this processing method can make metal at high temperature oxidation take place the surface, reduces the rate of recovery and the purity of metal, and the fire retardant among the PCB contains a large amount of bromines or chlorine component simultaneously, and the burning back generates toxic and harmful easily, and air is polluted.
As seen, more than several processing methods all deficiency and the shortcoming of various degrees, be badly in need of finding a kind of relatively environmental protection and recovery method efficiently.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art; provide a kind of and can realize metal and nonmetallic effective separation the in the abandoned printed circuit board; thereby improve the recovery utilization rate of valuable resource; and can reduce the generation and the discharging of poisonous and harmful element in the processing procedure to greatest extent, realize metal and nonmetallic pyrolysis separation method in a kind of abandoned printed circuit board of purpose of resources conservation and environmental protection.
Metal and nonmetallic pyrolysis separation method in a kind of abandoned printed circuit board of the present invention, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) abandoned printed circuit board is put into the burner hearth of pyrolysis installation, fed nitrogen 3~5 minutes earlier after closing fire door tight, nitrogen flow is 30-50 liters/minutes, forms the anoxybiotic environment so that air in the burner hearth is discharged fully;
(2) heating rate with 15~20 ℃/min heats material in the described burner hearth, keep this temperature 20~30min and blowing out after temperature is elevated to 600~700 ℃, in process, keep in the burner hearth pressure-fired being arranged and described material irregularly being stirred described material heating;
(3) thermal decomposition product is discharged described pyrolysis installation, through with the cooling medium heat exchange after the liquids and gases product separated and collected respectively by container.
Adopt method of the present invention to have the following advantages:
1. the pyrolysis treating method of the present invention's proposition can be realized metal and nonmetallic effective separation the among the discarded PCB, improves the rate of recovery of valuable resource and reclaims purity;
2. adopt the inventive method to handle discarded PCB, can avoid the toxic and harmful that produced with pyrometallurgy and high temperature incineration, belong to the non smoke processing procedure; The discarded PCB of heating under anoxybiotic atmosphere can suppress the generation of bioxin from mechanism, realizes the innoxious hot separation of solid waste; The waste water of having avoided producing in the prior art processing procedure, waste gas, waste liquid etc. are to the pollution of environment;
3. owing in handling discarded PCB process, in burner hearth, increased agitator, can guarantee by pyrolysis material internal and external temperature even, overcome, pyrolysis nonsynchronous drawback big, improved whole pyrolysis efficient, reduced energy-output ratio with ubiquitous internal and external temperature gradient in the class methods.And, be convenient to further classification and recycle because the mechanical external force effect of agitating device makes metal level can thoroughly separate with non-metallic layer;
4. adopting method for pyrolysis of the present invention to handle discarded PCB, because temperature is relatively low, and is reducing atmosphere, and the degree that oxidation takes place in the metal surface is very little, so the recovery purity of metal is higher; Do not need PCB is carried out Mechanical Crushing, can overcome the metal loss that causes when handling,, be almost 100% so the rate of recovery of metal is also higher with mechanical means; Basically do not need material is carried out fragmentation and cuts apart owing to handle discarded PCB with this method, the metal dimension that obtains after the pyrolysis is bigger, makes that reclaiming becomes with further processing to be more prone to and to make things convenient for.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is done to describe in detail.
Metal and nonmetallic pyrolysis separation method in a kind of abandoned printed circuit board of the present invention, it may further comprise the steps: (1) puts into abandoned printed circuit board in the burner hearth of pyrolysis installation, fed nitrogen 3~5 minutes earlier after closing fire door tight, nitrogen flow is 30~50 liters/minute, forms the anoxybiotic environment so that air in the burner hearth is discharged fully; (2) heating rate with 15~20 ℃/min heats material in the described burner hearth, keeps this temperature 20~30min and blowing out after temperature is elevated to 600~700 ℃.In heating process, close intake valve, keep that by adjusting air valve opening pressure-fired is arranged in the burner hearth, air just can not infiltrate in the stove like this, can keep being in the stove anoxybiotic or anaerobic environment, and the gas that produces in the pyrolytic process can lean on the pressure of self to discharge, thereby saving operating cost, pressure-fired can be set as the case may be, but unsuitable too high, otherwise can cause the interior pyrolysis gas of stove to leak outside, the contaminated environment air is controlled at 2~3mmH usually
2O irregularly stirs described material in to described material heating; (3) thermal decomposition product is discharged described pyrolysis installation, through with the cooling medium heat exchange after the liquids and gases product separated and collected respectively by container.The gaseous product amount can be measured with flowmeter in this step, and the quality of liquid and using pyrolysis product can be determined by weight method.The temperature of cooling medium can be 15-25 ℃, and medium can be running water.
For guarantee that pyrolytic process is to carry out under anoxic condition, before heating, in stove, lead to the nitrogen of certain hour in the methods of the invention, to discharge the air in the stove; Close intake valve in heating process, keep the pressure-fired that has in the burner hearth by adjusting air valve opening, air just can not infiltrate in the stove like this, can keep being in the stove anoxybiotic or anaerobic environment.
The main effect of agitating device be by irregular stirring guarantee by the material inside and outside temperature of pyrolysis evenly, improve pyrolysis rate, simultaneously can provide mechanical external force to break away from fully, be convenient to classification and reclaim by metal level and the glass layer that pyrolysis has separated.
Heating rate and pyrolysis temperature are the key parameters that guarantees separating effect.Heating rate is too fast or all can make the separating effect variation slowly excessively.According to test of many times, the heating rate that reaches the optimal separation effect is 15~20 ℃/min.The height of pyrolysis temperature also directly has influence on the treatment effect of discarded PCB.The too high meeting of pyrolysis temperature causes energy dissipation, crosses to hang down and can cause pyrolysis insufficient, and separating effect is undesirable etc.Through verification experimental verification, pyrolysis temperature should be controlled at 600~700 ℃, and keeps 20~30min to be advisable under this temperature.
Accompanying drawing is the schematic diagram of the pyrolysis installation of the inventive method employing, and pyrolysis installation is not limited to the version shown in the figure certainly, can also adopt the existing pyrolysis installation of other kind.Pyrolysis installation shown in the drawings, the burner hearth 1 that it comprises the body of heater 3 that is installed on the support 13, place fire door 2 on described body of heater 3 one side end faces, surrounded by described body of heater 3 and fire door 2, the air inlet pipe 12 that escape pipe 5 that air outlet valve 4 is housed on it and one are equipped with intake valve 11 on it is passed described body of heater 3 respectively and is connected with described burner hearth 1, and the agitator that electrical heating elements 6 and its shaft 8 link to each other with whirligig is housed in described burner hearth 1.Described electrical heating elements links to each other with temperature controller.Described temperature controller is used to control heating-up temperature and programming rate.Described temperature controller can be buied on market, as homemade HK104 type, XMTA-2001 type, ITC type etc., Britain Continental Europe 2604/2704 type of import, daily output RS series etc. has been widely used in the temperature control of industrial furnaces such as vacuum drying oven, molybdenum wire furnace, steel rolling furnace, foundry furnace.Electrical heating elements can be buied in market, can be carbon-point, resistance wire.Described whirligig can be motor 10.Insert at described shaft 8 on the axis body of an end of described body of heater 3 and preferably be with axle envelope 9.Described body of heater 3 preferably is made of the heat resisting steel of internal layer and outer field steel plate and the adiabator layer that is arranged between described heat resisting steel and the steel plate.
The main effect of fire door 2 is loading and unloading materials and burner hearth is sealed in this device; Burner hearth 1 is surrounded by body of heater and fire door, is used for splendid attire by the abandoned printed circuit board of pyrolysis; Body of heater 3 is surrounded by the heat resisting steel and the outer field protection steel plate of internal layer, is insulation material between the ectonexine; Escape pipe 5 is passages that thermal decomposition product is discharged burner hearth, and air outlet valve 4 is used to control the size of gas output and the pressure in the burner hearth; The major function of electrical heating elements 6 is that material in the burner hearth is heated and makes it thermal decomposition, and the size of heating power can be regulated by temperature controller, realizes the control of pyrolysis temperature and heating rate; The agitator that stirring wheel 7 and shaft 8 are formed is mainly used to the material in the burner hearth is stirred, and guarantees that the material inside and outside temperature is even, improves pyrolysis rate; Axle envelope 9 can prevent that the gap between axle and the furnace wall from gas leakage and air intake taking place; Motor 10 drives the agitator rotation material is stirred; Intake valve 11 can be controlled the gas flow that enters in the stove, and guarantees the sealing of burner hearth; Air inlet pipe 12 is that protective gas enters the passage in the stove.
Embodiment 1
Abandoned printed circuit board is put into the burner hearth of pyrolysis installation, fed nitrogen 4 minutes earlier after closing fire door tight, nitrogen flow is 40 liters/minute, forms the anoxybiotic environment so that air in the burner hearth is discharged fully; Heating rate with 20 ℃/min heats material in the described burner hearth, keeps this temperature 25min and blowing out after temperature is elevated to 700 ℃, closes intake valve in the process to described material heating, keeps that by adjusting air valve opening 2~3mmH is arranged in the burner hearth
2The pressure-fired of O also irregularly stirs described material; Thermal decomposition product is discharged described pyrolysis installation, through with the liquids and gases product is separated after cooling medium is 15 ℃ running water heat exchange and is collected respectively by container.
After tested: the rate of recovery of metal can reach more than 96%, can utilize the nonmetallic rate of recovery to reach 90%; The discharging of thermal decomposition product can reach the relevant environmental protection standard of national regulation.
Embodiment 2
Abandoned printed circuit board is put into the burner hearth of pyrolysis installation, fed nitrogen 3 minutes earlier after closing fire door tight, nitrogen flow is 50 liters/minute, forms the anoxybiotic environment so that air in the burner hearth is discharged fully; Heating rate with 15 ℃/min heats material in the described burner hearth, after being elevated to 650 ℃, temperature keeps this temperature 20min and blowing out, in process, close intake valve, keep that by adjusting air valve opening 1.8~2.8mmH is arranged in the burner hearth described material heating
2The pressure-fired of O also irregularly stirs described material; Thermal decomposition product is discharged described pyrolysis installation, through with the liquids and gases product is separated after cooling medium is 20 ℃ running water heat exchange and is collected respectively by container.
After tested: the rate of recovery of metal can reach more than 96%, and the nonmetallic rate of recovery reaches 90%; The discharging of thermal decomposition product can reach the relevant environmental protection standard of national regulation.
Embodiment 3
Abandoned printed circuit board is put into the burner hearth of pyrolysis installation, fed nitrogen 5 minutes earlier after closing fire door tight, nitrogen flow is 30 liters/minute, forms the anoxybiotic environment so that air in the burner hearth is discharged fully; Heating rate with 18 ℃/min heats material in the described burner hearth, after being elevated to 600 ℃, temperature keeps this temperature 30min and blowing out, in process, close intake valve, keep that by adjusting air valve opening 2.5-3.8mmH is arranged in the burner hearth described material heating
2The pressure-fired of O also irregularly stirs described material; Thermal decomposition product is discharged described pyrolysis installation, through with the liquids and gases product is separated after cooling medium is 25 ℃ running water heat exchange and is collected respectively by container.
After tested: the rate of recovery of metal can reach more than 96%, can utilize the nonmetallic rate of recovery to reach 90%; The discharging of thermal decomposition product can reach the relevant environmental protection standard of national regulation.