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CN101380225B - A method and device for collecting blood vessel images illuminated by near-infrared light - Google Patents

A method and device for collecting blood vessel images illuminated by near-infrared light Download PDF

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CN101380225B
CN101380225B CN2007101213217A CN200710121321A CN101380225B CN 101380225 B CN101380225 B CN 101380225B CN 2007101213217 A CN2007101213217 A CN 2007101213217A CN 200710121321 A CN200710121321 A CN 200710121321A CN 101380225 B CN101380225 B CN 101380225B
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blood vessel
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戴阳刚
黄贝宁
李文新
许卓群
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Harvest Technology (beijing) Co Ltd
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Peking University
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种采集近红外光照射下血管图像的方法和装置,采用多个红外光光源组成发光阵列,每一个光源发出一束平行红外光,分别照明待采集部位的不同部分,利用计算机程序分析当前图像的明暗自动调整各光源光强,采集光源光强改变后的血管图像,多次重复直至采集到的图像符合要求,从而解决了图像各部分分辨率差异较大的问题,而且成像稳定,不受外界环境光的干扰。本发明具有良好的市场前景,运用到基于血管图像的生物特征识别装置,可以有效地提高识别速度、识别率和降低误识率;运用到医学检查中则可以获取高质量的图像,提高分辨率,减少检查时的失误。

The invention provides a method and device for collecting blood vessel images irradiated by near-infrared light. A plurality of infrared light sources are used to form a light-emitting array, and each light source emits a beam of parallel infrared light to respectively illuminate different parts of the part to be collected. Using a computer The program analyzes the light and shade of the current image and automatically adjusts the light intensity of each light source, collects the blood vessel image after the light intensity of the light source has changed, and repeats it many times until the collected image meets the requirements, thus solving the problem of large differences in the resolution of each part of the image, and imaging Stable and free from interference from external ambient light. The present invention has a good market prospect. When applied to a biometric identification device based on blood vessel images, it can effectively improve the recognition speed, recognition rate and reduce the false recognition rate; when applied to medical examination, high-quality images can be obtained and the resolution can be improved. , to reduce errors during inspection.

Description

A kind of method and apparatus of collecting blood-vessel image under near infrared light
Technical field
The invention belongs to living things feature recognition and the infrared ray biometric image obtains the field, particularly a kind of acquisition method of blood-vessel image under near infrared light and device thereof.
Background technology
Can tell blood vessel in the tissue image that under near infrared light, obtains, be applied in biological discriminating and the medical inspection.Chinese patent CN1472692A, CN1799063A, CN1564191A, CN1586395A have all described a kind of method and apparatus that carries out bio-identification by blood-vessel image under the infrared light irradiation.
Because everyone skin, muscular tissue, blood have nothing in common with each other to the absorbance and the reflectance of infrared light, therefore use existing blood-vessel image harvester when obtaining blood-vessel image, the mean flow rate of different people blood-vessel image, and the contrast of image medium vessels and non-vasculature part (hereinafter to be referred as contrast) variation may be very big.On the other hand, inconsistent to ultrared absorbance and reflectance for a width of cloth blood-vessel image owing to human body different parts organizational structure is not quite similar, therefore can cause zones of different brightness irregularities on the image, contrast is also variant.
In the existing living things feature recognition method, such as the more described recognition methodss of above-mentioned four fundamental rules patent, all to the brightness uniformity of the image that collecting device obtained and contrast with certain dependence is arranged based on blood-vessel image.Therefore above-mentioned two problems can influence discrimination and the misclassification rate based on the living creature characteristic recognition system of blood-vessel image.
For medical inspection, the image that the brightness and contrast changes greatly may cause doctor's error in judgement and cause more serious consequence, so the image that medical inspection is used also needs to avoid above-mentioned two problems that phenomenon is brought.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method and apparatus of collecting blood-vessel image under near infrared light, the low problem of image resolution ratio that two phenomenons that the blood-vessel image that collects can be overcome effectively describe in the background technology cause.
The present invention adopts a plurality of infrared light light sources to form light emitting arrays, and each light source sends a branch of parallel infrared light, and the different piece at the position to be collected of throwing light on respectively solves the problem that image resolution ratio differs greatly by controlling the ultrared light intensity that each light source sends.Concrete acquisition step is as follows:
(1) light emitting array is according to predefined light intensity initial value emission infrared ray radiation position to be collected;
(2) gather blood-vessel image;
(3) utilize computer program that the blood-vessel image that gets access to is carried out analytical judgment, if meet the demands then output image, if do not satisfy then calculate the suitable light intensity of each light source of forming light emitting array according to the concrete condition of image, each light source of control light emitting array makes it according to the light intensity emission infrared ray that calculates;
(4) gather blood-vessel image once more;
(5) repeating step (3) and (4) are until obtaining the image of satisfying the demand.
Above-mentioned steps (3) is analyzed as follows with the method for adjusting light intensity to image: the illumination zone according to each light source in the light emitting array becomes several regions with image division, adds up the average gray in each zone, as the measurement of brightness.If the average gray of All Ranges is all in allowed band then output image if not the light intensity of then revising the undesirable area relative light source of average gray, is gathered blood-vessel image once more.Method when revising light intensity can have multiple, the general iteration class algorithm that adopts, through repeatedly adjusting, the light intensity of the regional institute corresponding light source that average gray is on the low side is heightened, the light intensity of the regional institute corresponding light source that average gray is higher is turned down, and finally makes the average gray of All Ranges in the image all reach standard.With two fens algorithms was example, the operation of revising light intensity is as follows: if image area grayscale meansigma methods is too high, then turn down the light intensity of corresponding light source, the light intensity of this light source and the preceding meansigma methods of thinking the primary source light intensity that average gray is low excessively when obtaining image twice when making it to equal this and obtaining image; If this area grayscale meansigma methods of image is low excessively, then heighten the light intensity of this zone institute corresponding light source, light intensity when making it to equal this and obtaining image and the preceding meansigma methods of thinking the light intensity once that average gray is too high when obtaining image twice.
The device of collecting blood-vessel image under near infrared light of the present invention mainly is made up of four parts, i.e. infrared light generation unit and control corresponding unit, image acquisition unit and information process unit.
Wherein, the infrared light generation unit is a light emitting array of being made up of several infrared light supplies, and each light source sends a branch of parallel infrared light, the different piece at the position to be collected of throwing light on respectively.The infrared light generation unit links to each other with control unit, and each infrared light supply can be controlled by control unit.
Control unit link information processing unit according to the instruction that information process unit sends, is controlled each infrared light supply, sends ultrared light intensity thereby change it.
Image acquisition unit obtains the infrared light irradiation image of biological tissue down, and is connected with information process unit, and image is offered information process unit.
Information process unit operating analysis image and send the computer program of control instruction, computer program is judged image, qualified as image is output image, defective as image promptly according to the concrete situation generation control instruction of image, be transferred to control unit the light that the infrared light generation unit sends is adjusted.
Each light source in the above-mentioned infrared light generation unit can be infrarede emitting diode, infra-red laser diode etc., is arranged in light emitting array according to practical situation according to certain way, the separate and equal scalable of the light intensity of each light source.Control unit is made up of microcontroller and corresponding external circuit, and microcontroller is by each light source of IO port controlling.Image acquisition unit can adopt infrared receiving diode array, CCD (charge-coupled image sensor) photographic head or CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS)) shooting first-class.Information process unit can be the computer that has certain operational capability arbitrarily, such as common personal computer, or custom-designed single-chip microcomputer, embedded system.
Utilize said apparatus according to the following steps collection and obtain image:
(1) (this initial value obtains by the experiment of carrying out in advance the initial value of information process unit each infrared light supply light intensity that computer program is provided, along with the change of experimental provision changes to some extent) be transferred to control unit, control unit control infrared light generation unit emission infrared ray radiation position to be collected;
(2) image acquisition unit obtains the image of gathering the position and sends information process unit to;
(3) image that collects of information process unit operation computer program computed image acquiring unit judges whether it satisfies the demand, if meet the demands then image output is used for living things feature recognition or medical inspection; Calculate the suitable light intensity of each light source in the infrared light generation unit as the concrete condition that does not satisfy then according to image, and generate control instruction and transfer to control unit, control unit changes the light intensity of each light source in the infrared ray generation unit according to control instruction;
(4) image acquisition unit obtains the image of gathering the position once more and sends information process unit to;
(5) repeating step (3) and (4) are until obtaining the image of satisfying the demand.
Innovative point of the present invention is: all adjustable lighting system of each light source intensity that has proposed to form light emitting array, utilize the light and shade of computer program analysis present image to adjust each light source intensity automatically, gather the blood-vessel image after light source intensity changes, repeatedly repeat to meet the requirements until the image that collects.Like this, the image each several part brightness that collects is even, and it is little that contrast differs, and the minute blood vessel number that comprises in the image is many.Compared with prior art, can collect diameter littler, from the farther blood vessel of skin surface, thereby comprise more information; And imaging is stable, and the image difference at the same position of same individual that collects under varying environment is little.Simultaneously,, need not during images acquired to put into the casing of sealing, avoided giving by the picker and brought discomfort and use limitation gathering the position because the present invention is not subjected to the interference of external environment light.
At present the blood-vessel image bio-identification has had the comparative maturity product to come out, and the infrared perspective medical device is widespread usage also, and the present invention is applied to biometric devices based on blood-vessel image, can improve recognition speed, discrimination and reduction misclassification rate effectively; Apply in the medical inspection and then can obtain high-quality image, improve resolution, reduce the error when checking.Thereby the present invention has good market prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that the embodiment of the invention 1 is gathered blood-vessel image.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that the embodiment of the invention 1 adopts two fens algorithm adjustment light source intensities.
Fig. 3 is the finger blood-vessel image under the near infrared light that collects of embodiment 1 utilization distinct methods.
Fig. 4 is the image that the blood vessel among Fig. 3 is extracted, obtains after the refinement.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, further specify the present invention by embodiment, but the scope that does not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment has designed the blood-vessel image that following blood-vessel image harvester is gathered finger:
Infrared light supply in the infrared light generation unit is the infrared light-emitting diode of centre wavelength 850 nanometers, and 15 light emitting diodes are arranged in straight line, 5.08 millimeters at interval of adjacent two light emitting diodes.
Control unit is by ATMEL
Figure 2007101213217_0
The ATMEGA8 that company produces
Figure 2007101213217_1
Microcontroller and corresponding external circuit are formed, and microcontroller passes through each light emitting diode of IO port controlling, and by the personal computer corresponding ports acquisition control instruction of USB (universal serial bus) from the operation calculation procedure.
Present embodiment is controlled light intensity by the mode of pulse width modulation, and the driving signal that promptly is added in the infrared light-emitting diode two ends is the square-wave signal of fixed frequency, and control unit changes the light intensity of light emitting diode by the dutycycle that changes square-wave signal.
Image acquisition units adopts the black and white infrared camera.
Information process unit is a personal computer.
The flow process that this device is gathered blood-vessel image as shown in Figure 1, the specific algorithm of the calculation procedure that is moved is described below:
For the image that obtains, program is several zones with image segmentation, the illumination zone of each corresponding light emitting diode in zone;
For each zone in the image, whether in allowed limits to calculate this regional average gray;
If each regional average gray all in allowed limits in the image, then this image is qualified;
If some area image average gray is undesirable, then need the light intensity of the infrared light-emitting diode of correspondence is changed.
Calculation procedure can write down and store the light intensity of each light emitting diode when obtaining image each time.Adopt two fens algorithms when changing light intensity, concrete adjustment flow process as shown in Figure 2.
Utilize the blood-vessel image of said apparatus and method collection finger, before the finger that at first needs is obtained image places the light emitting array that infrared light-emitting diode forms, the design of array guarantee Infrared can not overflow around the finger cause exposing strong, then according to works illustrated in figures 1 and 2, finally adjust to each regional average gray between 35%-65%, obtain the finger blood-vessel image shown in Fig. 3 (a).
Fig. 3 (b), (c), (d) then are the blood-vessel images that adopts same device to obtain under even illumination, the irradiation light intensity guarantees that respectively whole finger counts 25%, 50%, 75% zone leveling gray scale between 35%-65% from finger tip, the irradiates light light intensity of whole finger is identical, promptly only according to the average gray of appointed area image, change the luminous intensity of whole array, the luminous intensity of whole array remains identical.
Adopt the Ni-Black algorithm to the image shown in Fig. 3 (a) and (b), (c), (d) handle, refinement, can obtain Fig. 4 (a) and (b), (c), (d).Because blood vessel has been carried out refinement, the length of Fig. 4 medium vessels is proportional to the area of blood vessel, so the shared pixel of blood vessel accounts for the ratio of whole finger-image and can be used for characterizing the length of vessel of extracting, and can calculate the percentage ratio that the length of vessel extracted increases thus.Calculate, the length of vessel summation among Fig. 4 (a) respectively than the length of vessel summation height among (b), (c), (d) 37.7%, 30.3% and 31.3%, on average promote 33.1%.
Embodiment 2
The present invention has designed another blood-vessel image harvester, is used to gather the blood-vessel image of palm and forearm, is described as follows:
Light source in the infrared light generation unit adopts the infrared light-emitting diode of centre wavelength 850 nanometers equally, lines up 15 * 15 quadrate array, 5.08 millimeters at interval of adjacent row, column.
Control unit adopts ATMEL
Figure 2007101213217_2
The ATMEGA128 that company produces
Figure 2007101213217_3
Microcontroller and corresponding external circuit are formed, and microcontroller passes through each light emitting diode of IO port controlling, and obtain control instruction by USB port.
Information process unit uses based on Altera The embedded system of the Cyclone II FPGA video image solution of company, by serial bus port to the control unit sending controling instruction.
This example is controlled by the mode of pulse frequency modulated, and the driving signal that promptly is added in the infrared light-emitting diode two ends is the fixed square-wave signal of pulsewidth, and control unit is by the light intensity of the frequency shift light emitting diode of change square-wave signal.
Image acquisition units and calculation procedure are with embodiment 1.

Claims (2)

1.一种采集近红外光照射下血管图像的方法,采用多个红外光光源组成发光阵列,每一个光源发出一束平行红外光,分别照明待采集部位的不同部分,采集步骤如下:1. A method for collecting blood vessel images illuminated by near-infrared light, using a plurality of infrared light sources to form a light-emitting array, each light source emitting a beam of parallel infrared light, respectively illuminating different parts of the site to be collected, the collection steps are as follows: a.发光阵列根据预先设定的光强初值发射红外线照射待采集部位;a. The light-emitting array emits infrared rays to irradiate the part to be collected according to the preset light intensity initial value; b.采集血管图像;b. Collect blood vessel images; c.按照发光阵列中每个光源的照明范围将图像划分成若干区域,统计每个区域内的灰度平均值,如果所有区域的灰度平均值均在允许范围内则输出图像,如果不是则修正灰度平均值不符合要求的区域所对应的光源的光强,将灰度平均值偏低的区域所对应光源的光强调高,将灰度平均值偏高的区域所对应光源的光强调低;c. Divide the image into several areas according to the illumination range of each light source in the light emitting array, and count the average gray level in each area, and output the image if the average gray level of all areas is within the allowable range, if not then Correct the light intensity of the light source corresponding to the area where the gray average value does not meet the requirements, increase the light intensity of the light source corresponding to the area with a low gray scale average value, and increase the light intensity of the light source corresponding to the area with a high gray scale average value Low; d.再次采集血管图像;d. Acquire blood vessel images again; f.重复步骤c和d,直至图像中所有区域的灰度平均值均达到标准。f. Repeat steps c and d until the average gray values of all regions in the image reach the standard. 2.如权利要求1所述的采集近红外光照射下血管图像的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤c中采用二分算法修正光强:如果图像的某区域灰度平均值过高,则调低对应光源的光强,使之等于本次获取图像时该光源的光强与前两次获取图像时认为灰度平均值过低的一次光源光强的平均值;如果某区域灰度平均值过低,则调高对应光源的光强,使之等于本次获取图像时的光强与前两次获取图像时认为灰度平均值过高的一次的光强的平均值。2. The method for collecting blood vessel images illuminated by near-infrared light as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the dichotomy algorithm is used to correct the light intensity in the step c: if the average gray value of a certain area of the image is too high, adjust Low corresponds to the light intensity of the light source, so that it is equal to the light intensity of the light source when the image is acquired this time and the average value of the light intensity of the light source that the gray level average value is considered too low when the image is acquired for the first two times; if the gray level average value of a certain area If it is too low, increase the light intensity of the corresponding light source to make it equal to the average of the light intensity when the image is acquired this time and the light intensity of the previous two acquisitions when the average gray level is considered too high.
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