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CN101374785A - 立方氮化硼密实体 - Google Patents

立方氮化硼密实体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101374785A
CN101374785A CN200680014127.2A CN200680014127A CN101374785A CN 101374785 A CN101374785 A CN 101374785A CN 200680014127 A CN200680014127 A CN 200680014127A CN 101374785 A CN101374785 A CN 101374785A
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Prior art keywords
boron nitride
cubic boron
magnesium boride
aluminium magnesium
nitride compacts
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N·卡恩
R·博德金
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Element Six Production Pty Ltd
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Element Six Production Pty Ltd
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Abstract

立方氮化硼密实体含有第二硬质相，该第二硬质相包含至少一种铝镁硼化物化合物，例如AlMgB14。存在于所述第二硬质相的铝镁硼化物可以仅由AlMgB14组成，或者由AlMgB14和一种或多种其它铝镁硼化物化合物的混合物组成。所述一种或多种铝镁硼化物化合物还可以掺杂有元素，例如硅、钛、钼、钨、镍和铁，或它们的硼化物、碳化物和氮化物。

Description

立方氮化硼密实体
发明背景
本发明涉及立方氮化硼密实体(compact)。
氮化硼一般以三种晶体形式存在，即立方氮化硼(cBN)、六方氮化硼(hBN)和纤锌矿结构立方氮化硼(wBN)。立方氮化硼是具有与钻石结构相似的结构的硬闪锌矿形式的氮化硼。在cBN结构中，在原子间形成的键很强，主要为共价四面体键。制备cBN的方法是本领域中熟知的。一种这样的方法是使hBN在特定的催化添加剂材料存在下经历非常高的压力和温度，所述催化添加剂材料可以包括碱金属、碱土金属、铅、锡和这些金属的氮化物。当温度和压力降低时，cBN可以被回收。
cBN在加工工具等领域具有广泛的商业应用。它可以被用作砂轮、切削工具等中的磨粒，或者被用传统的电镀技术粘结到工具体上以形成工具插入物。
cBN也可以以粘结的形式作为cBN密实体(也称为PCBN)使用。cBN密实体往往具有好的耐磨性和耐化学磨损性，是热稳定的，具有高的热导率和好的抗冲击性，并且当与工件接触时具有低的摩擦系数。
钻石是唯一比cBN硬的材料。然而，由于钻石往往与某些材料如铁反应，当作用于含铁金属时不能使用钻石，并且因此在这些情况下优选使用cBN。
cBN密实体包含cBN颗粒的烧结的多晶聚集体。cBN含量很高。当cBN含量超过密实体的80体积％时，会有相当多的直接的cBN-cBN接触和物理键合。当cBN含量较低时，例如在密实体的40-60体积％的范围内时，直接的cBN-cBN接触和物理键合的程度较低。
cBN密实体通常还含有粘结相，该粘结相一般是cBN催化剂或含有这样的催化剂。合适的粘结相含有元素如铝、铁、钴、镍、钨、硅、钛、这些金属的组合、它们的氮化物、碳化物和碳氮化物。
当密实体的cBN含量小于60体积％时，通常存在另一硬质相，其性质可以是陶瓷。合适的陶瓷硬质相的实例是4、5或6族过渡金属的碳化物、氮化物、硼化物和碳氮化物，和氧化铝，及它们的混合物。
在形成工具插入物或工具的过程中，cBN密实体可以被直接粘结到工具体上。然而，对于许多应用，优选将密实体粘结到基材/载体材料上，形成负载的密实体结构，然后所述负载的密实体结构被粘结到工具体上。所述基材/载体材料一般是胶接的金属碳化物，其用粘结剂如钴、镍、铁或其混合物或合金粘结在一起。金属碳化物颗粒可以包含钨、钛或钽的碳化物颗粒或其混合物。
一种用于制造多晶cBN密实体和负载的密实体结构的已知方法包括使未烧结的cBN颗粒聚集体经历高温和高压条件，即cBN晶体学稳定的条件一段适当的时间。催化剂或含催化剂的相可用于提高颗粒的粘结。所使用的典型的高温和高压条件为：约1300℃或更高的温度，和约2GPa或更高的压力。保持这些条件的时间典型地为约3-120分钟。
具有或不具有基材的烧结的cBN密实体通常被切割成将被使用的特定切割或钻孔工具的希望的尺寸和/或形状，并且然后使用钎焊技术将其安装到工具体上。
在各种铁质材料，特别是硬化钢和易延展的、致密的石墨铸铁的高速机械加工过程中，立方氮化硼密实体的工具寿命由于摩擦化学磨损而受到限制。该问题因应用中所需的更高的切削速度而被加剧。
发明概述
按照本发明，立方氮化硼密实体(PCBN)包含大量的立方氮化硼颗粒和第二硬质相，该第二硬质相包括至少一种铝镁硼化物化合物。
按照本发明的另一方面，提供了上述立方氮化硼密实体在铁质材料的机械加工，优选高速机械加工中的应用。
实施方案的描述
本发明的立方氮化硼密实体含有第二硬质相，其包含至少一种铝镁硼化物化合物。如本领域已知的，铝镁硼化物化合物存在多种形式。本领域中已清楚辨别并表征的一种非常硬的铝镁硼化物化合物为Al0.75Mg0.78B14，被称为AlMgB14。存在于所述第二硬质相的铝镁硼化物可以仅由AlMgB14组成，或者由AlMgB14和一种或多种其它铝镁硼化物化合物的混合物组成。此外，所述一种或多种铝镁硼化物化合物可以掺杂有元素，例如硅、钛、钼、钨、镍和铁，或它们的硼化物、碳化物和氮化物。这样的掺杂剂具有改变铝镁硼化物的性能如硬度和耐磨性的效果。所述掺杂剂元素也可以与铝镁硼化物形成络合物，典型地为AlMgB14：X，其中X代表所述元素。
第二硬质相可以由所述至少一种铝镁硼化物化合物，特别是AlMgB14组成，任何其它元素仅为痕量或少量。
第二硬质相也可以包含所述至少一种铝镁硼化物化合物，特别是AlMgB14，和一种或多种其它硬质相，例如碳化钛。
立方氮化硼密实体也可以含有本领域已知的粘结剂相。合适的粘结剂相含有元素如B、Al、Si、Fe、Co、Ni、Ti、W等。
密实体中立方氮化硼的含量依据所需密实体的性质或类型而变化，典型地在30-90体积％的范围内。立方氮化硼含量可以是高的，即至少80体积％。或者，立方氮化硼含量可以较低，例如在40-60体积％的范围内。
立方氮化硼的颗粒尺寸通常大于铝镁硼化物的颗粒尺寸。典型地，立方氮化硼的颗粒尺寸在0.1微米-500微米的范围内，铝镁硼化物化合物的颗粒尺寸在0.01微米-20微米的范围内。
本发明的立方氮化硼密实体可以通过使立方氮化硼颗粒、铝镁硼化物颗粒和任何其它第二硬质相颗粒以及若使用的粘结剂相颗粒的混合物经历立方氮化硼晶体学稳定的高温和高压条件一段适当的时间而制得。如上面提到的，这样的条件是本领域中所熟知的。在起始混合物中可以使用原样的铝镁硼化物化合物。或者，铝源和镁源可以与立方氮化硼混合，并且铝镁硼化物可以在预处理阶段产生，例如通过提供铝、镁和硼的粉末和立方氮化硼颗粒的混合物，并将它们在适合的温度和压力条件下加热。
本发明的立方氮化硼密实体具有极好的耐磨性和硬度，尤其是在高速机械加工铁质材料，特别是硬质钢和易延展的、致密石墨铸铁所经历的高温条件下。
现在通过下述非限制性的实施例更详细地描述本发明。
实施例
将20-40体积％的AlMgB14(颗粒尺寸5-15微米)加入到cBN粉末(颗粒尺寸0.5-5微米)中，并在行星式研磨机中在甲醇中研磨2小时。干燥所述粉末并压制成生坯状态的、基本上非粘合的物料。使该物料经历5.5GPa的压力和1300℃的温度，以形成cBN-AlMgB14复合材料(PCBN)。X射线衍射图证实在超高温度/压力处理后存在AlMgB14。制造出两种这样的密实体，一种含有60体积％的cBN，另一种含有80体积％的cBN。

Claims (14)

1.立方氮化硼密实体，其包含大量的立方氮化硼颗粒和第二硬质相，该第二硬质相包括至少一种铝镁硼化物化合物。
2.权利要求1所述的立方氮化硼密实体，其中所述第二硬质相由AlMgB14组成。
3.权利要求1所述的立方氮化硼密实体，其中所述第二硬质相由AlMgB14和一种或多种其它铝镁硼化物化合物的混合物组成。
4.权利要求1所述的立方氮化硼密实体，其中除所述铝镁硼化物之外，所述第二硬质相还含有一种或多种硬质相。
5.权利要求1或权利要求4所述的立方氮化硼密实体，其包括粘结剂相。
6.权利要求5所述的立方氮化硼密实体，其中所述粘结剂相含有选自硼、铝、硅、铁、钴、镍、钛、钨等的元素。
7.权利要求1和4-6中任意一项所述的立方氮化硼密实体，其中所述铝镁硼化物是AlMgB14。
8.权利要求1和4-6中任意一项所述的立方氮化硼密实体，其中所述铝镁硼化物是AlMgB14和一种或多种其它铝镁硼化物化合物的混合物。
9.前述权利要求中任意一项所述的立方氮化硼密实体，其中立方氮化硼含量在30-90体积％的范围内。
10.前述权利要求中任意一项所述的立方氮化硼密实体，其中立方氮化硼的颗粒尺寸在0.1-50微米的范围内。
11.前述权利要求中任意一项所述的立方氮化硼密实体，其中铝镁硼化物的颗粒尺寸在0.01-20微米的范围内。
12.权利要求1所述的立方氮化硼密实体，基本上如本文结合说明性实施例所描述的。
13.前述权利要求中任意一项所述的立方氮化硼密实体在铁质材料的机械加工中的应用。
14.权利要求13所述的应用，其中所述机械加工是高速机械加工。
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CN111747769A (zh) * 2020-06-30 2020-10-09 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） 一种AlMgB14-TiB2复合陶瓷与TiAl基合金的真空钎焊方法

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CN106810777A (zh) * 2016-12-16 2017-06-09 吴中区穹窿山天仲高分子材料技术研究所 一种高强度活塞杆复合材料及其制备方法
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CN111747769B (zh) * 2020-06-30 2022-12-09 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） 一种AlMgB14-TiB2复合陶瓷与TiAl基合金的真空钎焊方法

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