CN101363307B

CN101363307B - The method and apparatus of drilling are oriented under various mixing conditions

Info

Publication number: CN101363307B
Application number: CN200810214870.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 兰迪·R·朗奎斯特; 马克·万霍威林根; 詹姆斯·R·兰金
Original assignee: Vermeer Manufacturing Co
Current assignee: Vermeer Manufacturing Co
Priority date: 2000-03-03
Filing date: 2001-03-02
Publication date: 2017-05-31
Anticipated expiration: 2021-03-02
Also published as: AU2001241969A1; WO2001066900A3; SE0202592D0; SE524375C2; CN1416497A; DE10195854T1; WO2001066900A2; CN101363307A; SE0202592L

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of horizontal orientation drilling machine used in compressible soil, with drilling rod group and drill bit, the near-end connection directional drilling machine of the drilling rod group, the drill bit connects the distal end of the drilling rod group, including：Drill head, is typically suitable for drilling rock and with the structure for drilling rock；The detection device for boring cutter head angle orientation, the signal for exporting the correspondence orientation and producing；And offset coupling member, its first end connects the drilling rod group, and the second end connects the drill head, and the connector deviates the longitudinal axis of the drilling rod group, wherein, the signal of the generation is responded to the offset member orientation to control the direction of the drill head.

Description

The method and apparatus of drilling are oriented under various mixing conditions

The present invention is that China Patent No. 01806027.7, denomination of invention " is oriented drilling under various mixing conditions Method and apparatus ", the applying date are the divisional application of the patent of invention on March 2 in 2001.

The application is by the Vermeer manufacturing companies (Vermeer ManufacturingCompany) in the U.S. in 2001 3 Apply within 2nd pct international patent the moon, and specify the All Countries for removing the U.S..

Technical field

The present invention relates to directional drilling, the system that soil and rock are pierced especially with same equipment.

Background of invention

At present, when underground communal facility such as natural gas, drinking water or sanitary sewer are arranged in rock, using big Hard rock digs moat equipment such as Vermeer T-655 and carries out ditching, or even carries out explosion using explosive.In these cases, Because electric wire, telephone wire and TV cables are layed in the difficult larger and costly of underground, therefore generally along electric pole Set up in the air.So in many occasions, make to carry out installing highly difficult therefore public in underground due to there is solid particles of rock layer Utility lines need to set on the ground.In many building sites, the situation of beginning and end of constructing is very complicated, including to partially pass through Solid particles of rock layer and through remaining soil.In such occasion, rock drilling equipment or digging moat equipment tend not to drill through soil Earth and reach lithosphere.

It is known for piercing the directional drilling machine in soil.Directional drilling machine is generally included for constituting drilling rod group A series of end to end drilling rods.Drilling rod group is by dynamicliquid pressure device such as Hydraulic Cylinder or is pulled across soil.Referring to The US4945999 and US5070848 of Malzahn and the US4697775 (RE33793) of Cherrington.Such as Dunn Described in the US5242026 of US4953633 and Deken etc., while promoting and rotary drill rod group.For the spade, the knife that drill Head is arranged on the end of drilling rod group, and the nozzle of injection water can be included with auxiliary bore hole.

A kind of in conventional borehole system improves, a series of drilling rod group bars and a series of be arranged on boom ends shock work Tool combination.These bars can apply the shock thrust of stabilization, and the inside of bar is used to convey compressed air to pneumatic brill.Referring to The US4694913 of McDonald etc..It has been found that the system made due to costly its application be restricted, this be because If being substantially wider than the diameter of drilling rod group for drilling, when drilling rod group is promoted, the flexible deformation of drilling rod group.

Accurate directional drilling needs the information of positioning and depth about drilling or boring tool, almost invariably To be connected with drilling cutter using sensor and dispensing device (" detector "), to avoid drilling and redrilling by mistake. A kind of such device is disclosed in US5633589, disclosure of which is introduced herein.The US4867255 of Baker discloses profit With the turned to directional drilling instrument for starting impact hammer.

Being disclosed in the EP857852A2 and EP857853A2 of the US5778991 and Cox of Runquist can carry out rotary rock drill The directional drilling instrument in hole.But, although carry out simultaneously the directional drilling instrument that rock-boring and soil penetrates be it is known, It is that existing apparatus do not have a kind of single machine to be provided simultaneously with both functions and make instrument control direction in soil and rock. Present invention accomplishes this requirement.

The directional drilling instrument penetrated for rock-boring and soil is also needed in this area, it has by fluid-operated Impact hammer, there is provided the indexing of the device (such as detector) of detection angles rotation, there is provided impact hammer (such as pneumatic or fluid drives) ON/ The method of OFF controls.Furthermore, it is necessary to a kind of with the device that improve drill bit control direction ability.

Summary of the invention

A kind of drill bit for directional drilling machine of the invention, including the detection angles azimuth device being end-to-end is as detected The support body (or housing) of device, pneumatic hammer and rotary cutter assembly, make the angle orientation housing be located at one end and make the cutter head position In the other end.Drill bit can also include starting handle, and it can connection angle azimuth sounder housing.Cutter head is preferably provided with face forward Main cutting face and meter post, multiple cutting tooths are arranged on main cutting face, and meter post is radially outward inclined by main cutting face Move, the gage cutting teeth with least one face forward, the cutting tooth is suitable to cut through and is formed by less than the turn over of cutter head one Angle.The device in detection angles orientation and meter post in predetermined arranged in a straight line, to determine meter post on drill bit The orientation of rotary shaft.In a preferred embodiment, main cutting face is essentially flat circle, and which is provided with a series of injections Mouthful, drill bit has the passage for conveying brill fluid to jet.In another embodiment, on cutter head lateral surface have with Portion, heel is in the position relative with meter post and by rear to forward-inner inclination.

Such drill bit can be used in the Directional drilling methods of the present invention using directional drilling machine, the directional drilling machine Can promote and rotary drill rod group, drill bit is installed in drilling rod group.Such method includes step：By with drilling rod group promote and Rotary drilling-head and pierce medium straight, while with hammer clash into cutter head；Before boring direction is changed, using detection angles orientation Device determines the angle orientation of meter post；And drill-through less than the cutter head by repeatedly promoting and rotating the cutter head Change direction during the angle that one turn over is formed, at the same with hammer clash into cutter head so that drill bit along meter post shear action side To deviation.Drilling it is different when, medium can be soil, solid particles of rock or soil and two kinds of rock.Particularly, using When identical cutter head carries out same drilling, the step of straight control direction being completed in soil and rock and changes direction.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided carried out under a kind of mixing condition for including soil and solid particles of rock at the same time The method of directional drilling.Such method includes step：By with drilling rod group promote and rotary drilling-head and pierce straight soil and Rock, while clashing into cutter head with hammer；Before changing boring direction in soil and rock, the device using detection angles orientation is true The angle orientation of devise a stratagem measuring device post；Drill-through less than the turn over institute shape of cutter head one in rock by repeating promotion and rotary cutter Into angle when change direction, while with hammer clash into cutter head so that drill bit along meter post shear action direction deviate；And Change direction when by promoting drill bit to be drilled in soil without rotary drilling-head with drilling rod group so that drill bit is along meter post Simultaneously deviate away from heel in direction.Put down because the main cutting face of drill head is big, be singly that the thrust of drilling rod group makes instrument not rotate just It is not enough to be turned in soft ground.Therefore most handy hammer clashes into cutter head direction of the change in soil simultaneously.Side of the invention Method can carry out preferable direction controlling in some ground conditions.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of drill bit of the machine that drilled for horizontal orientation, including：Detection angles orientation Device；For the support body of the device in detection angles orientation, the device in detection angles orientation is arranged in support body；By fluid-operated Hammer；The arrangement and structure that hammer has can produce shock；And the rotary cutter assembly of connection hammer, rotary cutter assembly has to be used In the arrangement and structure that receive to clash into, wherein the orientation of rotary cutter component is determined by the device in detection angles orientation, with Just cutter head direction is controlled.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of horizontal orientation drilling machine used in compressible soil, with drilling rod group And drill bit, the near-end connection directional drilling machine of drilling rod group, the distal end of drill bit jointed rod group, including：Drill head, is typically suitable for boring Wear rock and with the structure for drilling rock；The device in cutter head angle orientation, the signal in output correspondence orientation are bored in detection；And partially Connector is moved, its first end jointed rod group, the second end connection drill head, connector deviates the axis of drilling rod group, wherein, response Output signal is to offset member orientation so that drill head is turned to.

Another aspect of the present invention a kind of use horizontal boring machine is provided and the drill bit direction of keyhole machine and in rock In the method that is drilled, including：Drill bit is promoted to pass through medium, drill bit to be located at the distal end of drilling rod group；Using by fluid-operated Hammer clashes into the drill head positioned at drill distal end, and wherein drill head includes the effective steering geometry shape for turning to drill bit；Adopt Cutter head angle orientation is bored with the device periodic detection in the detection angles orientation on drill bit；And by repeating to promote and rotating The drill-through angle formed less than the turn over of cutter head one of drill and turn to drill bit, while with hammer clash into cutter head so that drill bit edge Deviate in the direction of the shear action of effective steering geometry shape.

Another aspect of the present invention a kind of use horizontal boring machine is provided and turn to the drill bit of drilling machine and in media as well The method for being drilled, including：The drill bit positioned at drilling rod group front end is promoted to pass through medium, while being hit with by fluid-operated hammer The drill head positioned at drill distal end is hit, wherein drill head includes being suitable to the effective steering geometry shape and the drill bit that turn to drill bit； Cutter head angle orientation is bored using the device periodic detection in the detection angles orientation on drill bit；And make brill in the following manner Head is turned to：Compressible soil is pierced, changes direction in being drilled by promoting drilling rod group so that drill bit is along offset coupling member Direction deviate, connector and clashes into drill head and not rotary drill rod group by the disalignment of the drilling rod group longitudinal axis without hammer； Or if piercing rock, then clashing into drill head with hammer so that drill head deviates along effective steering geometry shape.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of level with the drilling rod group for being suitable to pierce rock and compressible soil to be determined To drilling machine, the drilling machine is included by fluid-operated positive flush (aggressiveflushing) set hammer, one kind operation master The dynamic method for rinsing set hammer, including：Determine whether to start positive flush set hammer；If drilled in rock, and hammer into shape It is dynamic：The fluid flow hammered into shape will be driven to be decreased to the first value substantially close to zero；Applied to drilling rod group by the actuator of drilling machine More than the thrust of predetermined threshold, and hammer is set to leave flush position；And increase fluid flow is connected to predetermined threshold with the hammer for starting Continue and drilled in rock；If drilled in compressible soil, and hammered into shape without starting：By thrust be reduced to predetermined threshold with Under, while more than the predetermined threshold that Fluid pressure is maintained on hammer, thus making hammer move to flush position；And continue can Drilled and inoperative hammer in compression soil.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of level with the drilling rod group for being suitable to pierce rock and compressible soil to be determined To drilling machine, the drilling machine is included by fluid-operated standard set hammer, a kind of method of operation positive flush set hammer, including：Really It is fixed whether starting standard set hammer；If drilled in rock, and hammer is started：The fluid flow valve of hammer will be driven to increase to It is more than predetermined threshold；Or increase to more than predetermined threshold the thrust magnitude produced by the actuator of horizontal boring machine；And use The hammer of starting is continuous to drill in rock；If drilled in compressible soil, and hammered into shape without starting：By the value of fluid flow It is limited in below the predetermined threshold needed for starting hammer；Below the predetermined threshold that the value of thrust is limited in needed for starting hammer；Continue Drilled and inoperative hammer in compressible soil.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of system that horizontal orientation drilling is carried out in compressible soil and rock, bag Include：The horizontal orientation drilling machine of drilling rod group is connected with, directional drilling machine is used to rotate and promote drilling rod group to pierce Jie to be drilled In matter, directional drilling machine includes actuator, that actuator is adapted to drilling rod group near-end and generally have for being applied to drilling rod group Plus the structure of thrust；Pressure source, for producing operating pressure, operating pressure to be transmitted by for the fluid for drilling；And Controller, the operating pressure for the thrust for controlling to be produced by actuator and for controlling to be exported by pressure source；Wherein drilling rod group Distal end include：The device in detection angles orientation；For the support body of the device in detection angles orientation, the device in detection angles orientation It is placed in support body；By fluid-operated hammer；And drill head；Wherein, support body, hammer and drill head connect end to end along the drilling rod group longitudinal axis Connect, support body is located at drill bit near-end, drill head is located at drill distal end.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of drill bit of the machine that drilled for horizontal orientation, including：By liquid driven Hammer, the drill head driven by hammer, drill head has the geometry of effective control direction.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of drill bit of the machine that drilled for horizontal orientation, including：By liquid driven Hammer, the hammer has the arrangement and structure that can produce shock；And the rotary cutter component of the connection hammer, the rotating knife Head assembly has the arrangement and structure for receiving to clash into, and with effective geometry for turning to.

The following detailed description of the aspects of the invention.

Brief Description Of Drawings

In the accompanying drawings, identical label represents same parts：

Fig. 1 is the side view of the first embodiment of drill bit of the present invention, and hard alloy cutter tooth is eliminated on drill bit；

Fig. 2 is the top view of embodiment shown in Fig. 1, shows detection device housing inlet port；

Fig. 3 is the stereo rearview of cutter head shown in Fig. 1, eliminates cutter head axle；

Fig. 4 is the front isometric view of the first selectable cutter head of the invention, with hard alloy cutter tooth, and installed in knife On head axle；

Fig. 5 A are the three-dimensional side views of cutter head shown in Fig. 4 and cutter head axle；

Fig. 5 B are the sectional elevations along the 5B-5B in Fig. 5 A；

Fig. 6 A and 6B are the longitudinal sectional views of the amplification along Fig. 3 center lines 6-6, and wherein 6A shows the front portion of device, and 6B Show the rear portion of device；

Fig. 7 A and 7B are the longitudinal sectional views of the amplification along Fig. 3 center lines 7-7, and wherein 7A shows the front portion of device, and 7B Show the rear portion of device；

Fig. 8 is the top view of second selectable cutter head of the invention and cutter head shaft assembly；

Fig. 9 is the cutter head of Fig. 8 and the three-dimensional side view of cutter head shaft assembly；

Figure 10 is the front view of the cutter head of Fig. 8；

Figure 11 is the cutter head of Fig. 8 and the side view of cutter head shaft assembly；

Figure 12 is the top view of the third selectable cutter head of the invention and cutter head shaft assembly；

Figure 13 is the cutter head of Figure 12 and the three-dimensional side view of cutter head shaft assembly；

Figure 14 is the front view of the cutter head of Figure 12；

Figure 15 is the cutter head of Figure 12 and the side view of cutter head shaft assembly；

Figure 16 is the 4th kind of side view of selectable cutter head of the invention, eliminates remaining cutter, it is shown that in rock In control direction action；

Figure 17 is the front view of the cutter head of Figure 16；

Figure 18 is the 5th kind of front view of optional cutter head of the invention；

Figure 19 is the side view of cutter head in Figure 18；

Figure 20 is the stereogram of cutter head in Figure 18；

Figure 21 is the partial sectional view of the rear longitudinal component of fluid power rock borer embodiment；

Figure 22 is the partial sectional view of the preceding longitudinal component of fluid power rock borer embodiment；

Figure 23 A and Figure 23 B are the rear portion of the anterior rock drill bit first embodiment for being provided with hammer and anterior respective part Longitudinal section；

Figure 24 is that sectional view is blocked in the shortening of corresponding diagram 23A and 23B, hammer positioned at rear portion；

Figure 25 is the sectional view of one embodiment of drill bit of the present invention；

Figure 25 A are the zoomed-in views of a part for drill bit of the present invention；

Figure 25 B are the sectional views of drill head assembly of the present invention；

Figure 26 A are the sectional views of the support body of detection angle azimuth device of the present invention；

Figure 26 B are the stereograms of the protractor components of detection angle orientation of the present invention support body；

Figure 26 C are the sectional views of the protractor components of detection angle orientation support body of the present invention including isolator；

Figure 27 shows the system including directional drilling machine of the present invention；

Figure 28 is the flow chart of operating method of the present invention；And

Figure 29 is the flow chart of operating method of the present invention.

Detailed description of the invention

Manufacture the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention and use, it should be appreciated that the present invention proposes many and can answer Inventive principle, can implement these inventive principles under various particular cases.Specific embodiment described herein is only To manufacture and using specified otherwise mode of the present invention, rather than in order to limit the scope of the present invention.With reference to several The labelled part of tool of the expressions such as selection form A, B, its object is to refer to several selectable forms, does not have this letter Refer to all forms that can be selected.

Reference picture 1-3,6A-6B and 7A-7B, drill bit of the present invention 10 include as universal component, connect end to end as shown in the figure Detection device support body 14, pneumatic hammer 16 and the drill bit assembly 18 for connecing.As described above, drill bit 10 can also include starting handle 12.Start The end 13 of bar 12 connects the common drilling rod group driven by directional drilling machine, by drilling rod group, starting handle 12 and detection device frame Passage conveying compressed air in body 14 hammers 16 into shape with convenient to operate.Cutter head assembly 18 includes that there is a row to cut for cutter head 19A, cutter head 19A Tooth 20A and cutter head axle 21A is cut, cutter head axle 21A is used to be installed to cutter head 19A the front end of hammer 16.Cutter head 19A is horizontal by inserting It is removably mounted on axle 21A to the rolling pin in hole 23.Oral area 22A with angle is arranged in head 18, for will from hammer 16 compressed air is sprayed by cutter head 19A fronts.Added with the medium of formation of foam in compressed air so that sprayed by cutter head 19A When penetrating/depressurizing, self-assembling formation lubrication drilling foam.Soil bits and/or detritus flag that the foam is used to take away on cutter head path.

Starting handle 12, detection device support body 14 and pneumatic hammer 16 can be known type in the prior art.For example hammer 16 into shape Can be that Ingersoll-Rand goes into the well hammer rather than shown hammer.By EearthTool Corporation of The spline type connection with Spline-Lock model names that Wisconsin companies provide can be used for detection device support body 14 either end is connected with hammer 16 and starting handle 12.The rolling pin for eliminating the same type of spline is connected to pacify cutter head 19A On axle 21A, as described above.

Fig. 6 A-6B and 7A-7B show prestarting drill bit 10.During the liquid compressed by drilling rod group is along starting handle 12 Heart passage 32 is flowed and flows into the vertical passage 34 in detection device support body 14 successively, and passage 34 is isolated with detection device chamber 36. According to general custom, detection device (not shown) is made relative to cutter head in tab 38 by the way that the end of detection device is assembled Install in a predetermined direction.The opposite end that shock absorber can be arranged on detection device chamber carries out vibration isolation with to detection device.

Pressure fluid then the front end of flow pass 34 and enter constitute a part hammer 16 valve rod 42 in rear aperture 40.Interior extension annular flange 46 and detection device housing 14 of the rear annular flange 44 of valve rod 42 in the tubular shell 48 of hammer 16 It is in position between front end face.Pressure fluid flows into the manifold 50 with several radial ports 52 by opening 40, then flows into bar Pressure chamber 54 after the annular formed between 42 minor diameter anterior 56 and the rear siphonata 58 of percussion hammer 60.Pressure in the chamber is forced Percussion hammer 60 is moved forward towards shown position, and wherein the rear anvil face 62 for passing to cutter head axle 21A will be impacted in the front end of percussion hammer 60.

Radial port 66 through rear siphonata 58 makes pressure fluid flow into the annular groove for outwardly opening on the outside of rear portion 58 68.As shown in Figure 6A, groove 68 is communicated by cannelure 71 with the mouth 70 extended radially inwardly in percussion hammer 60.But herein, when Percussion hammer 60 be in shown in position when, because mouth 70 is covered by before minor diameter 56 74, therefore block the flowing of liquid.

Cutter head axle 21A is usually cylindrical shape, but wherein cuts open the evenly spaced radial spline in part with a series of edges 72A, they extend along the longitudinal direction of axle 21A.The close fit of spline 72 is simultaneously slidably mounted on the corresponding groove being arranged inside sleeve 76 In 74.Sleeve 76 is removably mounted on the front end of tubular shell 48 by screw thread 78, and with being fixed on it by bolt 81 On drive end bearing bracket 80.Spline 72 preferably includes the main spline (see the 75B in Fig. 5 B) with increase width, and the main spline is assemblied in In the corresponding major trough of sleeve 76.The guarantee cutter head 19 of main spline 75, to turn to, should also take step with detection device proper alignment Suddenly it is in correct position to ensure the major trough in sleeve 76.Therefore, can be provided for being arranged on sleeve 76 on drive end bearing bracket 80 Bolt 81 hole 79 so that be only capable of hole 79 be in relative to lid 80 correct position when could insert bolt 81.Lid 80 according to It is secondary with a series of splines 81, the anterior groove 83 of the spline 81 engagement hammer housing, if desired, also including main spline and groove Combine to ensure correct assembling.If same groove 83 is diametrically relatively deep, can also be used to engage the corresponding flower on sleeve 76 Key is used as the another way that sleeve 76 is locked in correct position.

According to the object of the invention, the width of main spline and groove can be more than or less than other splines, to provide needs Lock function.The spline joint 85 of connection hammer 16 and detection device support body 14 has main spline and groove.A series of connection of lockings Cutter head 19 is ensure that, particularly following meter posts (gage tower) will be properly positioned on detection device.

When drilling rod group applies pressure along forward direction on drill bit 10, the pressure overcomes pressure fluid and starts to be moved back to Cutter head 19A, the gap reduced between cutter head 19A and drive end bearing bracket 80.Cutter head axle 21A and percussion hammer 60 are so forced successively one in front and one in back The past return in ground.When there is such action, mouth 70 is moved rearwards by, and is outwardly opened when in its minor diameter front portion 56 for reaching bar 42 Annular groove 82 when open.Now, compressed liquid flows through groove 82, flows outwardly through biased backward similar to mouth 70 but by mouth 70 Two radial ports 84, pressure chamber 88 before being reached through the longitudinally extending slot 86 in the outside of percussion hammer 60.Now, percussion hammer 60 is due to chamber 88 The effect of middle pressure and start to be moved rearwards by, gap is opened between the rear anvil face 62 of percussion hammer 60 and cutter head axle 21A.But, peace The interim liquid for preventing compression of stepped plastic tube 89 in cutter head axle 21A rear ends and in the front end of 60 mesopore of percussion hammer 91 enters In centre bore 90 in cutter head axle 21A.

When percussion hammer 60 continues its stroke backward, deutostoma 84 is covered by anterior the 56 of bar 42, the cleaning plastic sheath of percussion hammer 60 The rear end of cylinder, the pressure release of ante-chamber 88 is made by discharge port 22A.Pressure fluid is sprayed into hole by cutter head and becomes foam.Now, press afterwards Power increase in power chamber 54, makes percussion hammer deceleration and reversely starts its stroke forward.The chamber 92 at the rear portion of percussion hammer 60 is preferably by flower It is bonded the passage aisle 93 connect in 94 to be exhausted, to prevent forming too high pressure in chamber 92.Hammer 16 connects by this way Continuous work simultaneously automatically begins to work when predetermined threshold thrust is applied by drilling rod group.

Cutter head 19A has radial extension or meter post 96A, and it carries several meter cutting knife 97A, and the meter is cut Knife 97A is generally similar to other hard-metal inserts or block 20A.As shown in Fig. 4,5A and 5B, wherein cutter head 19B is similar to cutter head 19A, as shown in the figure in addition to spline 72B is divided into front and rear section, cutter head axle 21B is more or less the same with axle 21A.

At least three meter cutting knifes 97, i.e., one are preferably formed with positioned at the middle part of post, other two and its spaced at equal intervals, shape Into circular arc, the imaginary circle more than the excircle of cutter head 19 is typically expressed as.But, even if single cutting knife 97 may certify that meeting Purpose, also requires that the width of such meter post 96 is not more than the width of single cutting knife 97.But best meter post 96 is closed In drill bit 10 the longitudinal axis formed about 45 to 90 degree angle As (see Figure 18), or its length be about the width of cutter head 19 1/2 to 3/4.Meter cutting knife 97, is similar to tooth 20, preferably tungsten carbide slug.

It is term to take dimensions, and it represents the diameter in the hole formed by cutter head 19.If cutter head rotation is turned around, the diameter is Meter post and one or more meter cutting knifes 97 are by the size delimited by the heel 98 on the opposite side of cutter head 19.Root region 98 play bearing surface, and it applies reaction force to meter drilling action.Main drilling face 99 including block 20 with tradition Non-controllable shock rock-boring identical mode remove material from the central area in hole.

Fig. 4-5B and 8-20 show the cutter head 19C of several versions that can be used in the present invention, 19D, 19E, 19F.As described below, according to the mode that cutter works, heel 98 can be larger inclined-plane (98C), or with from the front to the back Gradient (see 98F).Similarly, meter post 96 can stretch out a fundamental distance (96E, 96F), or only stretch out slightly (96C), or Person if cutter head 19 have it is suitable it is asymmetrically shaped if do not stretch out.In Figure 12-15, muck haulage and drilling are provided for Skewed slot 101.In Figure 16-20, each jet 22 also include by mouth 22E, 22F extend and by foam be transported to cutter head 19E, Shallow radial slot 102E, 102F of the excircle of 19F.Although verified cutter head 19E and 19F in soil and rock to about controlling The state in direction processed is maximally effective, but each embodiment in having had also been demonstrated that these embodiments can be bored successfully Hole.

The present invention allows for pipe or cable to be placed on underground, at the desired depth in solid particles of rock state and edge Can bend or direction change path place.Operator starts described process on ground or in the pitting for having excavated, Rock is quickly passed through by gas or hydraulic actuation impact hammer 16 to be drilled, and the slowly control direction in any plane Change.Operator can so keep desired depth, and correctly existing can bury public through other for requiring path Manipulated between facility.

It is a kind of to improve the brill being connected with pneumatic hammer particularly in the shape for clashing into cutter head in drilling process and by directional drilling machine Influencing each other between the motion of bar group.Motion about cutter head upper-part is critically important.Cutter head shown in Figure 18-20 19F is not dependent on operation planar, gradient or angle to cause the change in direction.Impacted as cutter head 19F and by consistent The anglec of rotation and when being rotated with CAV under the endless form on drilling rod group, due to forming asymmetric borehole shape, Thus complete direction to change, the angle is less than a turn over.

Rotary speed must be close to it is constant, so as to make hard alloy clash into cutting knife 20F, 97F penetrate whole cutting face.Rotation Angle is necessarily less than a turn over so that drilling is asymmetrical.Must be consistent for the angle that multi cycle is turned over, often circulation is penetrated Degree is restricted, and according to ROCK CONDITIONS and rotary speed, often circulation is 0.05 to 0.25.The angle have to be larger than 0, otherwise can not Drilling is carried out, usually 45 degree with up to 240 degree, and 180 degree to 240 degree of scopes can obtain best result.During angle is inswept Point must be consistent, to cause direction to change.

The drilling of formation will be asymmetrical, because tip shapes are asymmetrical and it is not exclusively around drilling rod group axis Rotation.Drilled using above-mentioned action and got into certain distance and carry out multiple circulations, asymmetric drilling will cause direction by Gradually change (see Figure 16).The drilling is more than drill bit 10 or drilling rod group, enables cutter head axis and cutter head on drilling axis into Angle is inclined.Space between drill bit and the wall of a borehole makes drill bit 10 be able to incline in the borehole or multiple by the drilling power for producing Position.The presence of meter post 96 makes the Center of Pressure on cutter head face be shifted to and be leaned on by (non-to manipulate what hammer had) drill bit central axis Some points of nearly meter cutting knife 97.The static thrust and quality are acted on along cutter head axis.From the reaction for clashing into drilling effect Power is critically important, and often the peak force of Secondary Shocks easily reaches 50000LB and persistently several milliseconds.

Because impact forces are acted on along the axis different from hammer quality and thrust, therefore torque (moment of torsion) is produced, it Drill bit 10 and drilling rod group can be made to be bent in the gap of drilling.Drill bit can tend to rotating and leaving meter post.The action Represent that drill bit is in new direction and is drilled, advanced with along the axis.The axis continuously changes, and it forms the brill of bending Hole path.

In order to avoid the formation of the symmetric borehole of circle in being operated in control direction, cutter head 19 must not enter in whole revolution Row drilling.In order to realize the cyclic process, when angle of arrival border, operator can rotate in mutually opposite directions, or by drilling Face retracts and continues rotation, until reaching the point for starting.Mode of the third selection is to be retracted by drilling face and in opposite direction Rotate and return to starting point.All three method has successfully been used, but if using small angle rotation and hole pole Asymmetric, then the third method can make troubles.In this case, cutter head can not rotate and can be stuck.

The shown critical piece using good all cutter heads 19 is mounted in the meter cutting knife 97 on meter post 96. Whether no matter oblique heel or wedge-shaped part 98 is designed with cutter head, and drill bit 10 there must be meter post to enter with solid particles of rock The good direction controlling of row.Drill bit 10 will not be with meter post but be carried out in particulate bulk material such as soil with wedge-shaped part Direction controlling.Can also be without using meter post control direction in granular soil using wedge-shaped part.Using two parts Turned in soil most fast.

It is critically important that block is placed in hammer/detection device housing unit.The center of gravity of block is set to be partial to hammer axis into shape Meter post side is harmful.Can allow to place it in center.It is favourable for cause a deviation from meter post placing.Centrifugation The active force of block can increase the expected deflection of hammer, thus improve the maximal rate of the control direction that can be realized.Due to hammer 16 Mass Distribution be substantially it is symmetrical, can be by the biasing of detection device housing 14 and optional starting handle 12 away from meter post Barycenter easily to adjust drill bit 10 is moved, to change the barycenter of drill bit 10 along beneficial direction.

The anglec of rotation influences the speed of control direction.The less anglec of rotation forms more eccentric borehole shape and improves and turns To speed.But, the small anglec of rotation also forms the relatively small bore smaller than high rotation angle degree, and is difficult to be pulled back by drilling Hammer.

Usually, eccentric larger segment design can be turned to faster than the design of small eccentricity.Offset is restricted is By the problem transmitted bending moment and brought by slip cutter head axial direction hammer body.Eccentric bigger cutter head has high-torque, and It is more easy to wear at sliding engagement.The torque of presence result in the auxiliary behind bearing-surface wide and spline on cutter head axle spline Supporting.

Drill bit of the invention is unique in that, compared with compressible substance as soil, although there is solid particles of rock Difficulty can be brought to operation, but operator can indiscriminately ad. as one wishes be such that bore path offsets (or along straight line with unaffected Advance).Resultant motion is realized turning to or straight line drilling.The working characteristics of the hammer combined with bit geometry and various rotation fortune Dynamic application together is guided with to hammer.

Boring straight is the direction for being easiest to obtain.Due to providing scope for the compression of 80-350psi is empty by drilling rod group Gas, therefore apply thrust on hammer.Thrust offsets the gas pressure being already applied on reciprocating drill bit on the flat side of a hammer Power.Hammer and drilling rod group must travel forward, towards hammer compression drill bit about 1/2 to 1 ".Change of the bit location on hammer position Change the configuration of internal valves and proceed by the shock of cutter.The pressure being generally applied on hammer is only slightly greater than and starts hammer When the pressure that applies.

In order that drilling is straight, operator is around the drilling rod continuous rotary rig of group axis.Speed is generally 5 to 200RPM.Most Big productivity ratio depends on hammer speed and rotary speed, and hammer speed is usually 500 to 1200 shock/minutes.Ideal velocity is to draw Rise tungsten carbide slug (tangentially) leave it is previous shock continuously clash into the 1/2 of its diameter (a diameter of 1/2 " of general block). In the example, by the 700 times per minute capitates of shock into 6 " drilling of diameter should calculate in the following manner：Block diameter= .50 ", 1/2 piece of diameter=.25 ", girth=6.0 " * π=18.84 ", the rotation=.25 for clashing into every time "/18.84 " * 360 are spent =4.78 degree, number of degrees * 700 clashes into number/minute=3346 degree/min, 3346/360=9.3RPM.Speed is frequently more than this Speed.When block graphics (pattern) center deviation bit central, around theoretical drilling axis drilling circular hole.The axis is located at Centre between meter cutting knife outermost and steering surface bottom (heel).

Boring circular arc (steering) needs than along the more complicated motion of straight line traveling.The explanation is assumed that is bored by nominal level Axially bored line is turned upwards towards.Can be by obtaining any direction to the midpoint orientation of divertical motion again.In order to turn upwards towards, meter Measuring device cutting knife must be situated at top, and steering surface or heel are located below.Imaginary clock face is located at bore surfaces front portion, operator 8 points of startings are located at from meter block.Drilling rod group is pushed into bore surfaces and thus activates hammer.Once getting into smooth, drilling rod group is with optimal The ideal velocity of the boring straight of matching turns clockwise.8 hours of rotation lasts clock face, until meter block reaches at 4 points. Now, return to hammer to be enough to for block to be pulled away from bore surfaces, thus stop hammer.Drilling rod group rotates at 8 points and repeats this counterclockwise Process, or another method for returning to above-mentioned starting point can be used.

The method, it is known that inclined, goes out circle substantially, but rock sliver is stayed on bottom by drilling.Sliver It is bed rock.It is repeated several times the process, every 4 hours dock cycles can advance .20 ".Using 30 beats/min of circulation rate, then Advance 6 "/minute.Continuing drilling as the crow flies has the drilling profile in semicircle face until steering surface (taper) contacts the bed rock.When When moving on, bed rock sliver forces profile to increase.6 " height that has of sliver shown in drilling is 0.12 ".Off-axis 12 degree of steering surfaces at angle are by the sliver or bed rock to arch 0.12 " and mobile more than about .57 ".Cutter head is semicircle with it again The distance of the straight drilling of profile about 2.5 ", until steering surface contacts the flat bed again.

The process is that have to be operated using the ladder of conical poppet device, straight step as shown in figure 16.The action of bed rock The height of drill bit is not only changed, and contributes to it to change angle and inclined.The rear portion (about away from the face rear portion 30 ") of drilling rod group As balance pivot or pin joint.Raising then topple over it without raising rear portion before hammer.It is enough due to being carried out to direction Change, operator can realize steering correction with boring straight now.Only 32 " traveling in drill bit direction change 3 degree, i.e., The numeral in compressible medium is set also to can be permission.

The method of above-mentioned steering is most effective in rock, in being used for soil or other loose media.This Outward, can also use stop cutter head rotation technology and by heel area on cutter head side with cause along anticipated orientation deviation come Realize being turned in soil.As described above, when turning in like fashion, it is maximally effective to continuously run hammer.

Because the destruction caused by process of the present invention is minimum, therefore the expense in place of resuming work is often minimum 's.Even if encountering solid particles of rock in the borehole, it is also possible to drilling is formed below in the highway for being divided into multilane, and use should simultaneously Road.When can equipment is withdrawn on side by road when, it is necessary to do not destroy or carry out traffic control, explosive is not used, in drilling In continuous tracking bit location, it is not necessary to the opposite side that heavy equipment transports to road is gone.Can start in surface drilling, and And drilling can be realized by forming rock face in impact point.If additionally, having to pass through sand ground or soil to reach rock stratum Earth, then drill bit of the present invention allow to turn in such a situa-tion.

Alternative embodiment

In alternative embodiment, impact hammer of the invention can be made to work with liquid medium, with to drilling work Make portion's transmission power.Liquid medium can include aqueous and non-aqueous fluid (such as brill fluid solution, dispersion or mud Slurry) rather than compressible fluid (such as air).So hydraulic drive fluid is used to make fluid drive hammer work, can include aqueous And non-aqueous fluid, the fluid can with various useful properties additive prepare.Drilling operation in, the drilling behaviour Include the brill fluid for providing and contributing to drilling operation (generally well-known is drilling slurry), it is preferred to use such boring is used Fluid come transmit operating pressure with drive fluid drive hammer.But, the hydraulic drive fluid for guiding respectively can be also used for operation Fluid drives hammer.

The basis for being suitable to drive fluid to drive hammer includes the aqueous solution or with all kinds material for the fluid of water Dispersion, such as synthesizing polymeric material or natural or synthetic clay, it is known that they have expansion and lubrication property, such as colloidal substance glues Soil.Can be additionally used in other bases for driving fluid to drive hammer for the fluid of water includes the brill stream with water as basis Body, contains CaO, CaCO3, lime and potassium compound and similar inorganic material.Fluid can mix the polymeric material of a small amount of, Including preferred unmodified polymer additive and sulfide polymer, such as SMA styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (styrene-maleric Anhydride copolymer) and at least one water soluble (CO) polymers prepared by acrylic acid, acrylic amine or derivatives thereof.Its It includes water containing water drilling with fluid, gelling agent, antifoamer is mixed with water and by including glycerine, polyglycereol and its mixture The glyceryl alcohol chosen in group.Other include anti-latex (inver emulsion) brill fluid.Basis is the stream of polymer Body can have organically or carbohydrate thickener is formulated, and thickener includes cellulosic cpd, polyacrylamide, day Right emulsion mannosan (galactomannan) and various other polysaccharides.

It is suitable to the basis for driving fluid to drive hammer 216 for water-free fluid includes complex fluids, the fluid includes Polyglycols, the carbohydrate fluid of synthesis, organic ester, phosphate and silicon.

However, it will be appreciated that the fluid for driving fluid to drive the basis of hammer not to be water for water and basis is not limited In above-mentioned these fluids.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that can be used other fluids as brill fluid and drive piston hammer Without departing from the scope of the present invention.

There are several extra characteristics and advantage compared with pneumatic impact is hammered into shape with fluid-operated jump bit.For example, fluid The 80-350psi's that driving hammer can be used under about 800 to 2000psi operating pressures rather than compressed air beche Worked under working pressure range.The service behaviour that hydraulic drive is hammered into shape under compared with high workload pressure produces the higher-wattage of jump bit, Therefore improve the work capacity for drilling.

As described above, being generally used for driving the maximum working pressure (MWP) of beche to be limited to about 300 to 500psi.Beche is received The limitation of relatively low operating pressure, this part is caused by the factor of intrinsic harm safety when with compressible flow body running 's.For example, the band that worked under hundreds of psi (and higher) operating pressure comes by Latent destruction caused by pressure line failure.In order to These potential safety problems are solved, therefore beche is normally limited to the maximum working pressure (MWP) of about 300 to 500psi.

Further, since the energy of beche and its speed square are directly proportional, and speed is directly proportional to operating pressure, because This, square is directly proportional for the energy that drills to operating pressure.Therefore, any limitation to beche operating pressure is direct Cause the limitation to the work capacity for drilling.

Other characteristics of hydraulic drive hammer are that have the energy transfer efficiency higher than beche.For example, due to the pressure of liquid It is zero that shrinkage is actual, can be ignored in most of practical applications, thus due to caused by compression heat conversion caused by Hydraulic drive hammer in energy loss it is actual be zero.But this is contrasted with beche, beche is due to for driving hammer Compressibility of fluid and off-energy efficiency.For example, temperature is raised when gas is in compression, the heat is dispersed into environment, and Thus the energy efficiency of beche is reduced.

Additionally, in the borehole, because the passage for directing fluid into hammer is remained full of, thus be accordingly used in operation fluid and drive hammer Liquid will not reduce pressure.This is different from the situation of beche, when each new pipeline section is added in drilling rod group, flue Line is generally depressured.Therefore, before drilling operation is proceeded, the volume in gas line must be pressurized again.It is appreciated that working as Drilling rod quantity in drilling rod group is when increasing, it is necessary to it is pretty troublesome that pipeline is pressurized again.

Fluid drive hammer another feature be can from drilling rod group front portion take away in boring work produce around drilling rod group Drilling cuttings.The liquid being finished flows out drilling rod group by the passage that is arranged in drilling rod group, for this provides effective method incite somebody to action Drilling cuttings is taken away by drill bit front portion.Conversely, the air being finished in beche can not effectively take away brill as the liquid being finished Bits.

It will be understood by those within the art that fluid drive 216 (see Figure 22) of hammer generally with above-mentioned with reference to the phase of pneumatic hammer 16 Same principle is operated.And as described above, each type of hammer, either strength drives or hydraulic drive, all has Have only for the remarkable advantage for driving the medium (such as compressible fluid is to fluid) of hammer just to have.Therefore, at one of the invention In embodiment, pneumatic hammer 16 can drive 100 (see Figure 21 and 22) of hammer, 400 (see Figure 23 and 24) or 216 (see Figure 25) generations with fluid Replace.For example, fluid driving hammer 100,400 and 216 can use brill fluid or any other known in those skilled in the art Hydraulic drive fluid drives, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

It will be understood by those within the art that it can be known in the art any kind of that fluid of the invention drives hammer Hammer.For example, it can be by US5785995, Gustafsson of US5715897, Eckwall of Gustafsson that fluid drives hammer US5107944 and/or Gustafsson US5014796 disclosed in type, herein using these patent contents as reference. It will be understood by those skilled in the art, however, that open hammer in these references can not be controlled, do not filled including detection Put and do not apply in horizontal drilling.

Generally, fluid drives hammer and other fluids to hammer the operating pressure and flowing that need certain level into shape to activate hammer. Additionally, fluid drives the power (thrust for such as being produced by the actuator of horizontal direction rig) hammered into shape and need to clash into drilling rod group, it is revolted The piston of hammer.Under that force, hammer will not activated, unrelated with the pressure or fluid being applied on hammer.

The design of hammer can be driven to be improved fluid to change the relation between these parameters (such as thrust and work Pressure).Therefore, fluid drives to hammer into shape and can be designed to make by the work pressure of liquid transfer when not having any thrust on drill head Power is able to be applied on hammer, and makes fluid drive hammer to start then heading on nominal force that drill head applies.The design is subsequent It is referred to as standard (NIN) type fluid and drives hammer design.

The G-Drill of Sweden has manufactured a kind of standard type (NIN) fluid and has driven hammer design, and it is by Water Powered ITH Hammer WASSARA W100 and W100S are specified and used for business.Standard type NIN fluids referred herein drive hammer logical Often be designed to relatively cleaning water as driving fluid come work.It is appreciated that when using for the brill fluid for driving hammer, Hammer can be driven to be improved standard type NIN fluids.For example, internal clearance can be changed and the material of NIN hammers is constituted so that Hammer is set accurately to be operated under in the higher tack that brill generally has with fluid and compared with high pollution.

Figure 21 and 22 shows that standard type NIN fluids drive the example of hammer 100.Here brief description hammers 100 into shape.But, it is Hammer is described in more detail must refer to the US5715897 of Gustafsson.

Fluid power in embodiment described in Figure 21 and 22 is clashed into the work of motor, and the supercharging of rear driving chamber 126 causes work Plug hammer 124 is moved by the supercharging of piston area 137 along its forward stroke.The decompression of driving chamber 126 afterwards makes piston hammer 124 Moved along its backward stroke.Formed and return to punching by making the continuous pressurization of preceding driving chamber 134 on piston area 136 Journey.

The supercharging of driving chamber 126 and decompression afterwards is controlled by the position of guiding valve 140.Guiding valve 140 has two operating positions. Figure 21 shows the first operating position, and rear driving chamber 126 is pressurized.Second operating position (not shown) is moved back by guiding valve 140 Move and lean against on bonnet 138.The position causes rear driving chamber 126 and chain of command A1 and A2 to be depressurized.Due on chain of command A3 Continuous bias, although chain of command A1 and A2 depressurize, guiding valve 140 is also maintained at the second operating position.

Guiding valve 140 from loopy moving from first position to the second place by piston hammer 124 position control.Work as piston hammer 124 move forward with clash into drill it is first 114 when, chain of command A2 be pressurized so that guiding valve 140 towards its second operating position move, make Chain of command A2 depressurizes.When piston hammer 124 reaches the limit of backward stroke, chain of command A1 depressurizes so that guiding valve 140 moves to it First operating position.

On startup, it is assumed that machine is in initial decompression state.Pressurized water enters machine and as above institute by bonnet 122 Stating is pressurized annular space 158.Multiple parallel channels 157 pass axially through valve chest 120 and connect preceding driving chamber 134 and space 158.Therefore, preceding driving chamber 134 is substantially pressurized immediately on startup.Similarly, multiple passages will enter in annular chamber 147 One row mouthful 162 is connected with booster cavity 158, so that chamber 147 is substantially just pressurized immediately on startup.

On startup, it is impossible to speculate that guiding valve 140 or piston hammer 124 are in any ad hoc structure.Therefore, different knots will be analyzed Structure state, every kind of analysis all assumes that machine has the preceding driving chamber 134 of supercharging and the annular chamber 147 of supercharging now, as previously described.

Again, it is preferred to can be defined to the limitation axial location of piston hammer 124.Can be by being stopped using pipe 123 Limit the rear shifting of piston hammer 124 so that mouth 160 is preferably maintained in opening.In addition, using face A5 by the stop of valve chest 120 Limit the rear shifting of piston hammer 124.Or the rear shifting of piston hammer 124 is limited by the stop of valve chest 120 using face 137, effectively Driving chamber 126 and closing mouth 160 after closing.Liquid in rear driving chamber 126 is leaked into then according to needing to make piston by mouth 160 Work area 137 is pressurized.

The reach of piston hammer 124 can by target (shock of first 114) of drill (as shown in figure 22) and be restricted. Under the limitation forward, gap is produced between the piston area of surface A 6 and guide bearing 118 and surface A 6, it is ensured that table The piston area of face A6 is pressurized on startup.

First, it is assumed that guiding valve 140 is on startup position forwardly, as shown in figure 22.Annular chamber 147 and annular chamber 148 communicate, and by mouth 162, passage 159 and mouth 160, will be pressurized rear driving chamber 126.

If piston hammer 124 is in its moving limit position (not shown) backward, mouth 153 and 155 can be closed.156 meetings of mouth Open.Opening 156 communicates with preceding driving chamber 134, and is pressurized piston area A1 by passage 154 and annular chamber 145, protects Hold guiding valve 140 and be in its position forward.The supercharging of driving chamber 126 afterwards carries out its stroke forward by piston hammer 124 is started, and opens Beginning working cycles.

If piston hammer 124 is in middle axial location (closing mouth 153), mouth 155 and 156 can be opened on startup Or close.If mouth 155 or 156 is opened, then piston area A1 can be pressurized, or by oral 156 preceding driving Chamber 134, or by the driving chamber 126 after oral area 155.Guiding valve 140 can thus remain at its position forward, piston hammer 124 will complete its stroke forward, circulation of starting working.

If mouth 155 and 156 is closed on startup, the supercharging of rear driving chamber 126 can start piston hammer 124 and move forward. In initial forward stroke, mouth 155 can then be opened, and in regularly working cycles piston area A1 can be pressurized.

If the extreme position that piston hammer moves forward at or close to it, mouth 153 and 155 can be opened on startup.After drive The supercharging meeting (by mouth 155) in chamber 126 is pressurized piston area A1, and meeting (by mouth 153) is pressurized piston A2.Guiding valve 140 can move to its position backward makes that rear driving chamber 126 depressurizes and the supercharging by piston area 136 makes piston hammer 124 proceed by rear stroke.

Then, it is assumed that guiding valve 140 is in the centre position between its settling position forwardly and rearwardly.If guiding valve 140 Carry out enough reaches so that annular chamber 147 and annular chamber 148 keep communicating, then start-up course by with it is above-mentioned it is complete to The start-up course of preceding guiding valve 140 is identical.

If guiding valve 140 prevents annular chamber 147 and annular chamber at or close to settling position backward, then shoulder 149 Communicated between 148.Therefore, on startup, rear driving chamber 126 will not be pressurized immediately.

If plunger shaft 124 is in its moving limit position (not shown) backward, mouth 153 and 155 can be closed.156 meetings of mouth Open.Opening 156 communicates with preceding driving chamber 134 and is pressurized piston area A1 by passage 154 and annular chamber 145, drives Movable pulley 140 moves to its settling position forward.Annular chamber 148 can be communicated with annular chamber 147 now, make rear driving chamber 126 Supercharging.The supercharging of driving chamber 126 afterwards carries out its stroke forward by piston hammer 124 is started, circulation of starting working.

If piston hammer 124 is in middle axial location (closing mouth 153), mouth 155 and 156 can be opened on startup Or close.If mouth 155 or 156 is opened, then piston area A1 can be pressurized, or by oral 156 preceding driving chamber 134, or by oral 155 rear driving chamber 126.Thus guiding valve 140 can be driven to its settling position forward, piston hammer 124 will complete its stroke forward, circulation of starting working.

If mouth 155 and 156 is closed on startup, the supercharging of preceding driving chamber 134 will start piston hammer 124 be moved rearwards by with Start working and circulate (driving chamber 126 will not still be pressurized afterwards).Mouth 156 is then opened in initial backward stroke, regularly It is pressurized piston area A1 in working cycles.

If the extreme position that piston hammer 124 moves forward at or close to it, mouth 153 and 155 will be opened on startup.But That rear driving chamber 126 will not be pressurized, thus preceding driving chamber 134 supercharging can start piston hammer 124 be moved rearwards by with start working Circulation.

It is appreciated that the above-mentioned standard type NIN hammers of manufacture are named as Water Powered ITHHammer WASSARA, Model W100/W100S.The hammer includes the characteristic when being acted on without power in drill first 114, and pressure is applied to piston hammer On 124, charging fluid is gushed out passage by piston hammer 124.

The example that standard type NIN fluids drive the work limit of hammer, such as Water are given in following table 1 Power ITH Hammer WASSARA models W100/W100S.

Table 1

The drill head for applying a force upon at least 300-500lbs. is upper, it is necessary to the liquid stream for starting hammer will be for per minute 5 to 20 add Logical sequence (gpm)：

If 1) require not start (NOT ACTIVATE) hammer, flow of fluid will be limited in：A) when acting on drill head On power in about 0-500lbs when, flowing velocity must be set to about 10 to 15gpm；

B) when the power greater than about 500lbs on drill head is acted on, maximum fluidity speed should be set in maximum fluidity speed Degree (gpm)=0.03 × power (lbs)；

If 2) require to start (ACTIVATE) hammer, fluid-flow rate should be set in minimum flow velocity：

A) minimal flow speed (gpm)=0.03 × power (lbs)；

Additionally, it is appreciated that can design a kind of fluid drives hammer so that do not act on any power hour hammer not on drill head Work.This is commonly referred to as rinsing (flushing) position.So, when hammer is in flush position, apply to demarcate to drill head Power in working range will not start hammer.The later design refers to positive flush type GIN designs, Gustafsson's A kind of design of the type is described in US5014796 patents.

Positive flush type GIN fluids drive hammer to be manufactured by the G-DrillAB of Sweden, and the hammer is with model GINW100/ W100S " G2 " is sold.As described above, normative reference type NIN fluids drive hammer design, positive flush type referred herein GIN fluids drive hammer to be also normally designed to be operated with fluid as brill with the water of relatively cleaning.It is appreciated that to work as and uses brill Driven with fluid during hammer, standard type GIN fluids can be improved and drive hammer.For example, internal clearance can be improved and GIN hammers are constituted Material so that correctly operate hammer with fluid with the brill for generally having viscosity higher and higher degree pollutant.

Figure 23 a, 23b and 24 show that positive flush type GIN fluids drive hammer 400.Although will be briefly described hammer here 400, but further instruction has been made to hammer 400 in the US5014796 of Gustafsson.Referring now to Figure 23 a and 23b, show The shell 418 of rotary rock drill 410 is gone out, it is made up of the oval cylindrical tube typically with more uniform thickness, and the pipe has annular Adjacency section 413.Cylinder 411 is preferably integral with valve box 412, and cylinder 411 is contained in shell 418 and by the ring of radial separation Shape structure 414 and 415 is supported, and loop configuration 414 and 415 is resisted against on adjacency section 413.Cylinder 411 passes through the edge of tubular cartridge 416 It is axially fixed in shell 418, tubular cartridge 416 extends behind valve box 412 and bonnet (not shown) between.Bushing 416 It is threadedly secured to the rear portion of shell 418, and rotation is passed into shell 418 in normal way.

The drilling pipe for being internally formed mouth 417, being typically provided with using high-pressure fluid preferably water of bushing 418.After water passes through Lid and confession simultaneously should go into the well brill for driving.

Such as blocking shown in view for Figure 23 b, drill first 420 is slideably accommodating and is maintained in sleeve pipe 421, sleeve pipe 421 By on Screw assembly to the front end of shell 418.The anvil 419 of drill first 420 is stretched out in the annular groove 422 of sleeve pipe 421.Set Guide bearing 423 in pipe 421 is arranged on the rear portion of groove 422.Drill first 420 has the irrigation channel 424 for running through, and leads to its work Make end, common spline connection (not shown) is set between sleeve pipe 421 and drill first 420, thus rotation is passed by shell 418 It is delivered to here.

Chamber long 425 is formed by shell 418, chamber long 418 is in the guide bearing 423 of drill head casing tube 421 and dividing for cylinder 411 From loop configuration 414 and 415 between extend.Chamber 425 is permanently retained under low Fluid pressure, i.e., due to connecting cavity 425 and ring One or more relief passages 426 of shape groove 422 and depressurize, the irrigation channel 424 in annular groove 422 first with drill 420 is communicated.

Hammer 428 can be moved back and forth in shell 418, so that the anvil 419 for repeating first to drill 420 clashes into.And it is best Set in the rear end of hammer 428 and drive piston 429.The shock front end of hammer 428 has axle journal 430, and axle journal 430 is slidably mounted on sleeve pipe In 421 guide bearing 423, cylindrical shape is amplified hammer portion 432 and is arranged in a reciprocation manner in chamber 425.Enlarged diameter portion 432 are used for increase hammers 428 Impact energies into shape and makes have enough gaps in chamber 425, so as to low when 428 reciprocating motion is hammered into shape Press liquid is flowed in the clear substantially between the end in chamber 425.

The diameter between piston 429 and the hammer portion 432 of increase with the neck 431 for reducing, the neck 431 is equal to axle journal 430 diameter.Neck 431 by radial separation ring structure 414,415 around and seal and in ring structure 414,415 it is freely reciprocal Motion.

Axial irrigation channel 434 extends through hammer 428 along middle part, and has the drilling of increase in portion's piston 429 behind 435, piston 429 can in a sealing manner in middle part low pressure or venting conduit 438 slide, conduit 438 it is coaxial with cylinder 411 and Constitute the part of cylinder 411 or be fixed on cylinder 411.In conduit 438 and middle part piston channel 434 and valve box 412 Portion communicates completely.

Piston 429 is arranged in the cylinder 411 for forming driving chamber 439 in the way of slidingly and sealingly, the rear end of piston 429 Face 440 faces the driving chamber 439, and chamber 439 is used to drive hammer 428 to move forward and carry out its driving stroke.

The surrounding of neck 431 of diminution sets relative cylinder chamber 441, and annular opposite drive surfaces 442 drive towards the chamber 441 Dynamic face 442 is less than drive surface 440 and is suitable to force piston 429 to be moved rearwards by complete to hammer 428 backward strokes into shape.

Valve box 412 has axial hole 445, and tubular control valve 446 (preferably guiding valve) is back and forth transported in axial hole 445 It is dynamic.Control the inside of valve 446 with the normal open of conduit 438 and therefore remain in the low Fluid pressure of irrigation channel 434 and 424.Control Valve 446 has the differential piston 447 being arranged in the way of sealing and slide in axial hole 445, by being threaded onto valve box The closing axial hole 445 of lid 448 on 412.Lid 448 is enclosed within the upper skirt 449 of control valve 446 in the way of sealing and sliding. The opposite end of valve is controlled to form skirt end 451.The waist 452 of diminution is arranged between skirt end 451 and differential piston 447.Under The overall diameter in skirt section 451 less times greater than upper skirt 449 overall diameter, and the slightly less than diameter in hole 445.Intermediate step portion 450 It is the border of hole 445.The guiding depending portion 454 (see Figure 24) stretched out is arranged in the axial face of skirt end 451 and when control valve 446 As guide when being moved back and forth between the position of Figure 23 a and the position of Figure 24, skirt end 451 is tight in the position of Figure 23 a On the lower step 453 and sealed, in the position shown in Figure 24, skirt end 451 is sealed against intermediate step 450.

With valve opening 445 be connected high-pressure mouth 417 by branched bottom 459 by fluid passage 458, with differential valve piston 447 It is upper to apply constant lower lateral pressure, control valve 446 is partial to rear piston, as shown in figure 24.Fluid passage 460 will drive The top of cylinder chamber 439 is connected with the annular trough 455 in valve box 412.

In operation, the mobile ad-hoc for controlling valve 446 to be adapted to respond to hammer 428 is in response to control flume 433 on piston 429 Position and move back and forth.Therefore, as shown in Figure 23 a and 24, control passage 461 extends and will be located at the control of the upper end of valve opening 445 Cylindrical wall between chamber 480 and chamber 439 and 441 is connected.These chambers are aligned with piston control flume 433, as shown in Figure 23 a positions, With the fluid passage 462 for leading to low pressure chamber 425 be connected control passage 461 by control flume 433, due to the upper end earial drainage of valve opening 445, Above-mentioned upward valve bias makes control valve 446 be moved upwards up to the position shown in its Figure 24, and wherein lower valve skirt section 451 is against centre Step 450 is sealed.

Therefore, when the hammer 428 in Figure 23 b is impinged upon on anvil block 419 and during the upper end earial drainage of valve opening 445, is led to by mouth 417 Cross passage 458 and 459 and be delivered to the high pressure of the lower end of valve opening 445 by the position for controlling valve 446 to move to Figure 24.Now, and directly The position of Figure 24 is moved to the hammer 428 under its upward bias effect, driving chamber 439 is by by passage 460 and opening Get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation 453 and be emptied to conduit 438.The fluid of outflow is introduced into passage 434 and 424 to rinse by drill first 420 in rock The hole got out in stone.

When the rear positions in reaching Figure 24, the control flume 433 of piston 429 connects branched bottom 463 and leads to high pressure Road 458 is communicated with passage 461.This is pressurized the end of valve opening 445.Due to the diameter difference between valve skirt section 449 and 451, make differential The rear surface of valve piston 447 is more than relative net surface, is formd on valve piston 447 and generates constant bias backward, ties Fruit makes control valve be moved back into the position of Figure 23 A.Therefore, intermediate valve step 450 is opened, and drives cylinder chamber 439 to pass through the He of passage 458 459th, valve waist 452 and passage 460 are connected with high fluid pressure.As a result, hammer 428 is forced to complete its driving stroke, so as in drill Clashed on the anvil block 419 of head, see Figure 23 B.Then aforesaid operations are repeated.

In the lifting position of rotary rock drill, the position that drill first 420 can be as shown in Figure 23 B sinks slightly forward.Now, hammer into shape 428 increase portion 432 is stopped, and is hammered barred into shape and is dropped in the front hole 466 in chamber 425.Meanwhile, high-pressure branch passage 463 communicate with driving chamber 439.Chamber 439 is rushed by (being arranged in the wall conduit 438) earial drainage of hole 467 with carrying out thoroughly fluid Wash, it is therefore an objective to change the impact energy of host rock churn drill.

Chamber 425 can cooperate with hammer, and the hammer includes the increase portion 432 with variable-length.This can be hammered into shape by Figure 23 B 468 dotted line is represented.

The water of 180bar (18Mpa) can be transported to mouth 417.Change the requirement of fluid in reciprocating motion is hammered into shape generally by having The compression and reflation for having the water column in the pipe conveying rotary rock drill 410 of fluid are balanced, and thus avoid using bottom outlet gas-loaded Accumulator.

Using the hydraulic pressure and the drill sleeve of 96mm diameters of 180bar (18Mpa), for example, new valve design obtains about 25- The Impact energy of 30kW and the air blast frequency close to 60Hz.The water consumption that public liter/min of about 150-200 is higher than The water of 0.6 meter per second rinses speed, during the speed is enough to take away vertical drilling by lifting in the hole of a diameter of 116mm Landwaste.

It is appreciated that above-mentioned standard type GIN hammers have characteristics that, when no power is acted in drill first 420, Pressure is applied on piston hammer 428, and charging fluid goes out passage by piston hammer 428.

Above-mentioned model GIN W100/W100S " G2 " standard type GIN fluids drive an example of the work limit of hammer by Table 2 below is given.

Table 2

If 1) require not start (NOT ACTIVATE) hammer, performed by following order：

A) power is decreased to about 0；

B) fluid for applying to flow with the speed of 15gpm is hammered into shape to fluid, result is hammer is moved to flush position；

C) from that point on, control rate of flow of fluid and act on the thrust on drill head so that：

Minimum flow velocity (gpm)=.025 × power (lbs)；Or

Maximum, force (lbs)=40 × flow velocity (gpm).

If 2) require to start (ACTIVATE) hammer, performed by following order：

A) rate of flow of fluid for flowing to hammer is decreased to about 0；

B) minimum force 500lbs is applied；

C) application minimum flow velocity 15gpm；

D) it is controlled from that point on so that：

Minimum force (lbs)=40 × flow velocity (gpm)；Or

Peak Flow Rate (gpm)=.025 × power (lbs).

Referring now to Figure 25, in one embodiment, the drill bit 210 constituted according to the principle of the invention includes making from the head to the tail For the detector support body/housing 214, fluid of universal component drives hammer 216 and bores tool bit assembly 218.Drill bit 210 also includes starting Bar 212.The end 213 of starting handle 212 connects the common drilling rod group driven by directional drilling machine.In one embodiment, bore and use Fluid is conveyed by drilling rod group, starting handle 212 and by the passage in detector support body 214.The fluid is additionally operable to drive fluid Drive hammer 216.

Boring tool bit assembly 218 includes that drill head 219A and cutter head axle 221A, drill head 219A have a row cutting tooth 220A, Cutter head axle 221A (see Figure 25 B) is used to for drill head 219A to be arranged on the front end that fluid drives hammer 216.Drill head 219A is by inserting Enter the rolling pin of transverse holes 223 and be removably mounted on axle 221A.In one embodiment of the invention, the mouth with angle 222A (see Figure 25 B) is arranged in brill tool bit assembly 218 that the consumption fluid of hammer 216 will be driven by drill head 219A from fluid Anterior injection.Being used for fluid in the brill with angle oral area 222A will be broken including soil and/or rock from drill parting footpath The drilling cuttings of piece is taken away.

In one embodiment, there is provided the drill bit 210 with detector support body 214, wherein detector support body 214 include Connector.In one embodiment of the invention, the connector is screw element 259, and it is suitably connected to fluid and drives hammer 216 On the end of thread.As stated above, it is understood that spline connection can be used for for detector support body 214 being connected to fluid driving hammer 216 With the either end of starting handle 212.The rolling pin connection for eliminating the same type of spline can be used for being arranged on drill head 219A On axle 221A.

Refer again to Figure 25 and 25A, be threaded end 250 so that the center line or the longitudinal axis " 1 " (bending axis) of the end of thread 250 with The longitudinal axis " L " of drilling rod group forms angle, θ.Angle, θ can be by about 0.5 ° to about 2.0 ° change, typically about 1.5 °.But It is, it will be understood that angle, θ is limited by following condition that is, drill bit 210 can be used for drilling solid particles of rock and compressible soil Earth.In other words, when solid particles of rock is pierced, the angle of bending axis is no more than predetermined value so that drill bit 210 is not stuck in hole In.It is further appreciated that the specified longitudinal axis L of drilling rod group generally can be close to or at detector 214 and starting handle 212 at.

Fluid drives hammer 216 to connect detector support body 214 so that fluid drives the length of hammer 216 and the longitudinal axis of drilling rod group " L " forms angle, θ.Angle, θ forms skew (or bending axis) so that drill bit 210 is turned to.Those skilled in the art can easily manage Solution pneumatic hammer 216 can also in a similar manner connect the end of thread 250 of detector support body 214.

When being drilled in compressible substance such as soil, hammer 216 is driven to be formed by using by detector support body 210 and fluid Bending axis, operator along desired offset direction can make drill bit 210 by straight path deflection or turn to.Although for example, along big Body horizontal direction drills in soil, it is also possible to it is required that drill bit 210 is deflected along generally upward direction.This can come in the following manner Realize, i.e., by rotating whole drilling rod group first so that the fluid at utmost extended by the drilling rod group longitudinal axis " L " drives hammer 216 Part point to require yawing moment.When being placed on drill bit 210 in suitable deflection orientation, by by directional drilling machine Apply drilling power and drill bit 210 is advanced.Therefore, the path of drill bit 210 drives the orientation of hammer 216 to enter horizontal deflection according to fluid. The steering operation is similar to the operation used when the bool for making the deflection of drilling rod group or turning to is equipped with when drill bit.

It will be understood by those within the art that drill bit 210 can be according to the dielectric property to be drilled by using various skills Art and along require direction deflection or turn to.In order that drill bit 210 is deflected or turned to for example when compressible soil is drilled through, drill bit 210 do not rotate generally, fluid drive hammer 21 can with or cannot be operated.But, other soil types have characteristics that, It is singly that the thrust of drilling rod group is insufficient to allow drill bit 210 to deflect i.e. in order that drill bit 210 is deflected along suitable direction.Therefore, at certain In the soil of a little types, may require that and drive hammer 216 to be clashed into drill head 219A transmission using fluid, while changing in soil Direction.

Additionally, when solid particles of rock is bored, drill bit 210 does not rotate generally, hammer 216 is driven to drill head 219A by with fluid Transmission is clashed into.Drill bit 210 is then changed in solid particles of rock using the method for tilting essentially identical with above-mentioned use pneumatic hammer 16 Direction.For example, drilling goes out circular, but rock sliver or bed rock (shelf) is set to stay in bottom and to repeat the process multiple. Above-mentioned method of tilting is produced with vertical (riser) step and the straight step with taper shown in Figure 16.As described above, bed rock Action change drill bit height and contribute to its change angle of inclination.

Also osculant soil, this soil has characteristics that that is, drill bit 210 can rotate less than 360 degree of circle Arc (and/or remains stationary), while drive 216 couples of drill head 219A of hammer to clash into fluid, in order that changing the side in soil To.And, the process can be used and completed using the identical method of tilting of pneumatic hammer 16 with above-mentioned.But under certain conditions, Although drilling rod group can rotate in deflection or steering procedure, it is also possible to need not be driven by fluid and hammer 216 shocks for carrying out into shape.

Reference picture 25B, it is shown that bore the sectional view of tool bit assembly 218.In one embodiment of the invention, drill head is total Set in sleeve 217 into 218, the sleeve 217 is with the inner surface 221 for being suitable to accommodating brill tool bit assembly 218 and is suitable to be contained in Fluid drives the outer surface 223 of 216 ends of hammer.Being appreciated that the inner surface of sleeve 217 can have for housing drilling rod 221A's Various parts, such as similar to drilling rod 21A spline 72B spline, as described above.Additionally, the outer surface 223 of sleeve 217 can be with With screw thread, the end that fluid drives hammer 216 is connected to for tool bit assembly 218 will to be bored, drives hammer 216 to have and be arranged on hammer One group of matching thread inside 216.

It is appreciated that various drill head assemblies can be used for boring tool bit assembly 218 and being integral with, without departing from this hair Bright spirit and scope.For example, bore tool bit assembly 218 can be as disclosed in the WO9919596 of Esposito and/or US5778991 The drill head or other drills head of type are replaced.It will be understood by those within the art that selection drill head is art technology The design alternative problem that personnel are readily apparent that.

Reference picture 25, it will be understood that in one embodiment of the invention, drill head 219A (is such as arranged on drill head assembly 18 With the meter post in 218, or other " non-equilibrium " drill heads-for example have asymmetrical shape and/or arrangement and structure so as to With asymmetric manner drilling) effective steering geometry shape should be aligned so that effective steering geometry shape is position In the position apart from drilling rod group the longitudinal axis " L " solstics.Additionally, effective steering geometry shape of drill head 219A should be and fluid Drive the axle " l " of hammer 216 aligned.Therefore, preceding in use, the orientation of detector 246 (see Figure 22 A) should drive with fluid The orientation of dynamic hammer 216 is corresponding with effective steering geometry shape of drill head 219A.

Referring now to Figure 26 A, detector 246 be arranged in detector support body 214 be located at detector absorbing part 255A-B it Between.Detector protractor assembly 251 is placed between detector 246 and absorbing part 255B.

Away from drill head the effective steering geometry shapes of 219A the longitudinal axis " L " outermost portion and away from fluid drive hammer 216 longitudinal axis The outermost point of " l " must be corresponding with the orientation of detector 246.Therefore, to the drill head effective steering geometries of 219A away from the longitudinal axis " L " The most external of shape and the most external away from fluid driving 216 longitudinal axis of hammer " l " carry out such adjustment, i.e. so that they are aligned.If Put detector protractor assembly 251 and drive the final orientation hammered into shape between 216 and drill head 219A with detector 216 to carry out fluid Adjustment.

Referring now to Figure 26 B-C, detector protractor assembly 251 includes cloudy detector cover 239, and the detector cover 239 has There are indexing face 242 and the indexing tongue including raised 241.Indexing lid 240 is connected with cloudy detector cover 239.Indexing lid 240 includes Indexing face 253, indexing face 253 coordinates with the indexing face 242 of cloudy detector cover 239.Indexing tongue projection 241 is suitable to and is arranged on Corresponding groove connection in absorbing part 255B.

The cloudy detector cover 239 of detector protractor assembly 251 includes small by raised 238.The moon indexing lid 239 is by keeping spiral shell The connection indexing lid 240 of bolt 243.Keep bolt 243 to include retaining nut 244 and keep spring 245.Cloudy detector cover 239 is being protected It is partial to index lid 240 under the elastic force effect for holding spring 245.Confining force can be adjusted by retaining nut 244.

In use, fluid drives the orientation between effective steering geometry shape of hammer 216 and drill head 210A once solid It is fixed, by detector protractor assembly 251 and detector 246 simultaneously conversion angle (for example rotating) so as to all three portion Part (such as detector 246, fluid drives effective geometry of hammer 216 and drill head 219A) carries out its correct levelling and completes Final adjustment.Once three parts have adjusted, the orientation of detector 246 may be used for determining the yawing moment of drilling rod group, and No matter the operator of directional drilling machine bores the path of compressible soil using the bending axis of fluid hammer 216 to deflect, no matter or Operator bores the path of solid particles of rock using drill head 219A to deflect.Certainly, it will be understood by those within the art that can adopt Three conversion angles of part are completed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention with other technologies and structure.

Referring now to Figure 27, the shown system 300 for drilling includes directional drilling machine 302.Directional drilling machine 302 includes Rack Body 304, it has actuator 306 so that pipe feeds and by being threaded onto together.Directional drilling machine 302 will be for that will have The drilling rod group 308 of pipe pushes subsurface to drill.Therefore in order to drilling rod group 308 pushed into ground in, directional drilling machine 302 passes through Actuator 306 forms the thrust along drilling rod group axis.

Directional drilling machine 302 is also equipped with pressure source 320, for producing the operating pressure by fluid transmission with convenient to operate The fluid for stating type (such as NIN fluids drive hammer and/or positive flush type GIN fluids to drive hammer) drives hammer.

System 300 for drilling may also include controller 322, for detecting and controlling by pushing away that actuator 306 is produced Power.Controller 322 is also adapted for detection and control pressure source 320.

It is appreciated that controller 322 can be computer controls case, including one or more microprocessors and various other Control circuit.The serial number proposed for 24th in September in 1999 is 09/405,889, entitled " for controlling underground boring machine Real-time control system and method (REAL-TIME CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FORCONTROLLING AN UNDERGROUND BORING MACHINE) " U.S. Patent application and Bischeld US594412 in describe a kind of electronics Control module, introduces entire contents as reference here.Certainly it will be understood by those within the art that directional drilling machine 302 Operator 324 can also be manipulated by valve and observing the parameter indicator of pressure and the thrust number of degrees is provided controlling in a manual manner Controlling push-force and pressure.

Hole-drilling system also includes the drill bit 310 positioned at the end of drilling rod group 308.Drill bit 310 includes visiting with detector 346 Detector support body 314, impact hammer 316 and drill first 319.Starting handle can also be hit in drill bit 310.Positioned at the locator of ground 326 positions for determining detector 346.

In use, pressurized liquid is conveyed in the passage through drilling rod group 308, in order that operation fluid drives hammer 316.As described above, fluid drives the 316 pairs of drill bits 319 of hammer to be clashed into so as in piercing various types of soil.However, it is possible to Can not also require that fluid drives the shock operating time of hammer 316.Therefore, the present invention also provide control impact hammer 316 connection/ The method of (ON/OFF) state of disconnection.

Referring now to Figure 28 and 29, show ON/OFF's for controlling impact hammer (such as beche or fluid drive hammer) Method.Figure 28 shows that standard type NIN fluids drive the embodiment of the ON/OFF control of hammer, and Figure 29 shows positive flush type GIN fluids drive the embodiment of the ON/OFF control of hammer.It is appreciated that, it is assumed that suitably adjust operation pneumatic hammer with compressible fluid Threshold pressure, these general principles go for the pneumatic hammer similar to above-mentioned pneumatic hammer 16.

Those skilled in the art can understand that following methods can be by the operator of directional drilling machine or by directional drilling machine Control module (hereinafter referred to controller) implement.In the entitled " for controlling underground drilling of the proposition on the 24th of September in 1999 Real-time control system and method (the REAL-TIME CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FORCONTROLLING of hole machine AN UNDERGROUND BORING MACHINE) ", describe one kind in the U.S. Patent application that serial number is 09/405,889 The electronic control module of these functions is realized, herein by introducing entire contents as reference.

Figure 28 shows that standard type NIN fluids drive one embodiment flow chart 258 of the ON/OFF control method of hammer.This The technical staff in field it will be appreciated that hypothesis with compressible fluid come the appropriate threshold pressure for adjusting operation pneumatic hammer, these are substantially former Reason is suitable to the pneumatic hammer similar with above-mentioned pneumatic hammer 16.

Standard type NIN fluids drive a kind of operation limitation of hammer as follows：

Apply a force upon in the drilling rod group of at least 300-500lbs, it is necessary to the liquid stream for starting hammer will be for per minute 15 to 20 add Logical sequence (gpm)：

If 1) require not start (NOT ACTIVATE) hammer, flow of fluid will be limited in：

A) when the power in drilling rod group is acted in about 0-500lbs, flowing velocity must be set to about 15gpm；

B) when the power greater than about 500lbs in drilling rod group is acted on, maximum fluidity speed should be set in maximum fluidity speed Degree (gpm)=0.03 × power (lbs)；

A) minimal flow speed (gpm)=0.03 × power (lbs)；

Therefore, in program block 260, operator or effector choose whether to clash into function using hammer.If not selecting to clash into Function, in program block 262, the fluid flow of directional drilling machine is limited in starting standard NIN fluids and driven by operator or effector Below threshold value needed for dynamic hammer.

Then, in program block 264, keep fluid flow move in starting standard NIN fluids drive hammer needed for threshold value with While lower, the threshold level needed for the thrust of directional drilling machine is adjusted to drive hammer less than starting standard type NIN fluids.By There is certain relation between thrust and flow velocity, if flow velocity exceedes scheduled volume, then thrust can keep below certain level, It is inoperative to ensure hammer.A kind of example of order, in desired level, then applies thrust including by flow rate set.In addition, Thrust can first set desired level, then set flow velocity.For example, flow velocity is initially set at 15gpm, without applying Thrust.Then once thrust reaches 500lbs, for example, flow velocity (gpm) can be improved by 0.03 × power of ratio (lbs).

In program block 266, thrust is maintained at makes fluid hammer inoperative low-level into shape.If additionally, will in boring procedure Ask drilling rod group to rotate, then thrust is limited in the threshold level needed for driving hammer to start less than standard type NIN fluids.

If in program block 260, operator or effector's selection clash into function using hammer.Then process is switched to program block 270.In program block 270, fluid flow brings up to the level more than threshold value needed for fluid drives hammer.In addition, directional drilling machine The thrust of offer brings up to more than the threshold level started needed for fluid drives hammer.

Figure 29 is a kind of embodiment flow chart 278 of the ON/OFF control method that positive flush type GIN fluids drive hammer.This The technical staff in field it will be appreciated that hypothesis with compressible fluid come the appropriate threshold pressure for adjusting operation pneumatic hammer, these are substantially former Reason is suitable to the pneumatic hammer similar to above-mentioned pneumatic hammer 16.

As described above, positive flush type GIN fluids drive a kind of operation limitation example of hammer as follows：

If 1) require not start (NOT ACTIVATE) hammer, performed by following order：

A) power is decreased to about 0；

Minimum flow velocity (gpm)=.025 × power (lbs)；Or

Maximum, force (lbs)=40 × flow velocity (gpm).

If 2) require to start (ACTIVATE) hammer, performed by following order：

A) rate of flow of fluid for flowing to hammer is decreased to about 0；

B) minimum force 500lbs is applied；

C) application minimum flow velocity 15gpm；

D) it is controlled from that point on so that：

Minimum force (lbs)=40 × flow velocity (gpm)；Or

Peak Flow Rate (gpm)=.025 × power (lbs).

In program block 280, operator or effector choose whether to clash into function using hammer.If function is clashed into selection, Program block 282, operator or effector reduce the thrust that directional drilling machine is formed, while keeping the pressure of brill fluid in drilling rod group Power.The reduction of thrust forces drill head to be moved along towards the front of boring direction with the synthesis of brill fluid is kept, thus Positive flush type GIN fluids are made to drive hammer to be transformed into flush position.In flush position, hammer 316 is driven not move back and forth, brill stream Body extends only through a mouthful 222A.

In program block 284, boring procedure is carried out in normal way now, without being driven by positive flush type GIN fluids The shock action of hammer.It is appreciated that in the presence of there is no brill fluid (mud stream) in drilling rod group, thrust can not be applied, this Because be applied with thrust and do not exist brill Fluid pressure can make drill head 219A be moved rearwards by along the direction of directional drilling machine. Additionally, brill fluid flow, pressure or flow velocity should be controlled in the certain predetermined limits that will change as thrust.Can be with Understand, the limit can be automatically controlled by controller.

In program block 286, hammer is driven to detect fluid, in order that deciding whether that imprudence is started.If it did not, Proceed to be drilled without shock.Otherwise, the process of program block 282 is continued executing with, until driving hammer 316 to be stopped.

If the shock function that operator or controller are hammered into shape in the selection of program block 280, process is transformed into program block 288, makes Brill fluid flow then decreases to substantially about 0.As shown in program block 290, then by directional drilling machine to drilling rod group Apply thrust, so as to force drill head 219A to be moved rearwards by towards directional drilling machine, thus drive positive flush type GIN fluids Hammer leaves its flush position.

In program block 292, operator or controller then increase brill fluid flow until positive flush type GIN fluids drive Dynamic hammer starts knockout process and proceeds boring procedure.Operator or controller have then controlled the brill fluid of thrust Flow so that if drilling thrust is small, reduces brill fluid flow to avoid imprudence from driving positive flush type GIN fluids Hammer is transformed into its flush position.

In program block 296, hammer is driven to detect positive flush type GIN fluids, in order that deciding whether that imprudence rises Move.If it is not, continuing to clash into drilling.Otherwise, the process of program block 288 is continued executing with, until positive flush type GIN streams Body drives hammer to start to clash into work.

Although illustrating certain embodiments of the present invention for the open present invention, those skilled in the art The inventive method and device described here can be changed, these change in the present invention by appended claims Implemented in spirit and scope.

Claims

1. a kind of drilling machine of the horizontal orientation used in compressible soil, the drilling machine has drilling rod group and drill bit, institute The near-end connection directional drilling machine of drilling rod group is stated, the drill bit connects the distal end of the drilling rod group, and the drill bit includes：

Drill head, the drill head is typically suitable for drilling rock and with the structure for drilling rock；

The detection detection means for boring cutter head angle orientation, there is provided the signal for corresponding to the orientation and producing；

Offset coupling member, the first end of the offset coupling member connects the drilling rod group, and the second end of the offset coupling member connects The drill head is connect, the offset coupling member deviates the longitudinal axis of the drilling rod group, wherein, the signal of the generation is responded to described To control the direction of drill head, wherein offset coupling member forms the shell of the drilling rod group for offset coupling member orientation；

Fluid-operated hammer, the hammer is configured to clash into drill head,

Wherein described drill head further includes to be suitable to the effective steering geometry shape for controlling the drill head direction, and

The drill head is so installed so that drill head is not rotated during use relative to the offset coupling member, Wherein described drill bit is additionally included in the absorbing part of the opposite end of the detection means.

2. drilling machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hammer is by liquid driven.

3. drilling machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein effective steering geometry shape be by away from the drilling rod group longitudinal axis most The meter post of gage cutting teeth that is that exterior point radially outward offsets and which is provided with one or more face forwards, described one Individual or multiple gage cutting teeths are suitable to cut through the angle limited less than the first turn over of the drill.

4. a kind of use horizontal boring machine and control the drilling machine drill bit direction and the method that is drilled in media as well, bag Include：

The drill bit positioned at drilling rod group front end is promoted to pass through medium, while it is remote to be located at the drill bit with fluid-operated hammer shock The drill head at end, wherein drill head includes being suitable to control effective steering geometry shape in the drill bit direction；

Using the angle orientation of drill head described in detection means periodic detection, the detection means is arranged on drill bit for detection Drill head angle orientation；And

Drill bit direction is controlled in the following manner：

If a () pierces compressible soil, change direction during being drilled by promoting the drilling rod group so that institute State drill bit along offset coupling member direction deviate, the offset coupling member by the drilling rod group longitudinal axis one jiao of disalignment Degree, and the drilling rod group is not rotated；Or

If b () pierces rock, the drill head is clashed into the hammer so that the drill head is along effective steering geometry Deviate in the direction of shape.

5. method as claimed in claim 4, further includes：

If piercing compressible soil, carry out changing direction in boring procedure by promoting the drilling rod group so that the brill Head deviates along the direction of the offset coupling member, and clashes into the drill head and not rotary drill rod group with the hammer.

6. method as claimed in claim 4, further comprises determining that the drill bit has pierced compressible soil or rock.

7. method as claimed in claim 4, further comprises determining whether to start the hammer.