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CN101354194A - 承压式太阳能热水器 - Google Patents

承压式太阳能热水器 Download PDF

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CN101354194A
CN101354194A CNA2008101960648A CN200810196064A CN101354194A CN 101354194 A CN101354194 A CN 101354194A CN A2008101960648 A CNA2008101960648 A CN A2008101960648A CN 200810196064 A CN200810196064 A CN 200810196064A CN 101354194 A CN101354194 A CN 101354194A
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water
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water heater
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CN100580335C (zh
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敖凯平
万华新
李余钱
章友根
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AO Smith China Water Heater Co Ltd
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AO Smith China Water Heater Co Ltd
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Priority to CN200810196064A priority Critical patent/CN100580335C/zh
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Priority to MX2011002690A priority patent/MX2011002690A/es
Priority to PCT/US2009/056481 priority patent/WO2010030758A2/en
Priority to BRPI0918448A priority patent/BRPI0918448A2/pt
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Priority to ZA2011/02558A priority patent/ZA201102558B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/208—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes with tubes filled with heat transfer fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/003—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/04—Hot-water central heating systems with the water under high pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/181—Construction of the tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/14—Solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/08—Storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
    • F24D3/1008—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system expansion tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F24S10/45—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors the enclosure being cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0078—Heat exchanger arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0086—Partitions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种承压式太阳能热水器，属于太阳能应用技术领域。该热水器包括储水内胆和具有输液口与回液口的太阳能集热装置，内胆的底部设置具有进水口和出水口的换热腔，换热腔的上表面与内胆的底表面共面，太阳能集热装置的输液口和回液口分别与所述换热腔的进水口和出水口连通，构成循环回路。本发明结构较为简单，不减小内胆的储水空间，并且内胆和换热腔中，由于温度较高和较低的水分别具有上升和下降的趋势，因此其共面处的上表面始终与内胆中温度最低的水接触，而下表面始终与换热腔中温度最高的水接触，从而因共面处上下形成了最大温差而获得最佳换热效果，显著提高热水得量。

Description

承压式太阳能热水器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种太阳能热水器，尤其是一种承压式太阳能热水器，属于太阳能应用技术领域。
背景技术
据申请人了解，现有太阳能热水器主要有非承压式和承压式两类。非承压式太阳能热水器的储水容器直接与太阳能集热管连通，因此用户直接使用太阳能加热的热水，没有中间换热环节。由于储水容器内没有压力，因此存在使用时水流冲击力不足的缺点；此外，由于水中无法添加防冻液，因此与太阳能集热管连接的外置水管在寒冷季节存在冻结的可能。承压式太阳能热水器的储水容器(通常称为内胆)通过换热结构与太阳能集热管循环吸热耦合连接。由于内胆不与太阳能集热管直接连通，因此可以具有内压，从而输出冲击力强劲的水流；同时太阳能集热管的循环传热介质中可以加入防冻液，从而避免冻结。
检索发现，申请号为200620087250.4的中国专利申请公布了一种承压式的《壁挂太阳能热水器》，该热水器包括分体的水箱和集热器，集热器位于水箱的下方，水箱上装有与水箱内腔下部连通的冷水进管和与水箱内腔上部连通的热水出管，集热器包含有集热介质腔和与集热介质腔连通的集热管，水箱内腔中设有与水箱内腔密封的换热介质腔，换热介质腔与集热介质腔之间连通有热介质管和冷介质管，冷水进管和热水出管是从水箱的底面密封穿过进入水箱内腔，热介质管和冷介质管是从水箱的底面密封穿过进入换热介质腔，热介质管的上端口位于换热介质腔的中上部，冷介质管的下端口位于集热介质腔的下端，在热介质管位于换热介质腔的内端上套装有隔热套管。
实验证明，这种热水器虽然安装方便，但因设置“胆中胆”而工艺结构复杂、减小了内胆的存水空间，而且换热效率及热水得量均不够理想。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：针对上述现有承压式太阳能热水器存在的缺点，通过结构改进，提出一种换热效率高的承压式太阳能热水器，从而提高热水得量。
为了达到以上目的，本发明的承压式太阳能热水器包括储水内胆和具有输液口与回液口的太阳能集热装置，所述内胆的底部设置具有进水口和出水口的换热腔，所述换热腔的上表面与内胆的底表面共面，所述太阳能集热装置的输液口和回液口分别与所述换热腔的进水口和出水口连通，构成循环回路。
将换热腔设置在内胆底部显然结构较为简单，并且不减小内胆的储水空间。更为重要的是，内胆和换热腔中，由于温度较高和较低的水分别具有上升和下降的趋势，因此其共面处的上表面始终与内胆中温度最低的水接触，而下表面始终与换热腔中温度最高的水接触，从而因共面处上下形成了最大温差而获得最佳换热效果，显著提高热水得量。
本发明的进一步完善是，所述共面为上凸球冠状，这样不仅可以尽可能增加热交换面积，而且使换热腔中上表面的热水产生由周边向球冠中部集聚的趋势，进一步提高了换热效率。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1为本发明优选实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例一
本实施例为一种内胆承压的壁挂式太阳能热水器，如图1所示，主要由储水内胆和太阳能集热装置构成。包裹保温层1的内胆2呈竖立圆柱状，上部设有接热水龙头的热水出水管3，下部设有接自来水源的冷水进水管4，因此其中具有一定的内压。内胆2的圆柱主体7底部嵌入上部呈上凸球冠状的胆底6。该胆底6向下延伸出圆柱段，该圆柱段的外径与圆柱主体7的内径成紧配合，因此圆柱主体7的底边与圆柱段的外圆可以通过角焊形成理想的密封连接。在此基础上，胆底6圆柱段形成的内凹中嵌入底盖8，底盖8的外径与圆柱段的内径也成紧配合，因此圆柱段的底边与底盖外圆也可以通过角焊形成理想的密封连接，制造工艺切实可行。结果，在内胆2底部形成了换热腔20。该换热腔的底部设有进水口19和出水口18，其上表面与内胆的底表面共面。
太阳能集热装置为非常适合安置在阳台外侧的壁挂式太阳能集热器，该集热器含有一组水平的真空管10，真空管10的两端分别插装支撑在垂直的尾托架9和联箱外壳12上。联箱外壳12中固定有分别与真空管内腔换热介质液连通的联箱内管11。太阳能集热器的联箱内管11设有输液口16和回液口17，分别与换热腔的进水口19和出水口18连通，构成热交换的循环回路。
工作时，各真空管10吸收的太阳能通过管中换热介质液的热虹吸作用集聚到联箱内管11。接着，具有较高温度的换热介质液通过热循环液管15上升到换热腔20，而换热腔20中温度较低的换热介质液则通过冷循环液管14回流到联箱内管11中。进入换热腔20的换热介质液始终处于上升并具有集聚到中部的趋势，从而与内胆中向下沉降的低温水在胆底6的球冠面上下形成最大的温差，产生最佳的热交换效果。实验表明，本实施例的热水得量比通规格的现有产品提高30-50％，效果十分显著。
此外，为了避免换热介质液的热膨胀导致真空管产生内压以及换热介质液损耗导致的热交换效率下降，换热腔20还通过补液管21与外置的膨胀罐22连通，这样可以一举两得地解决上述问题。
总之，本实施例具有以下主要优点：
1、高效换热：由于内胆底部与换热腔上部形成对流换热效应，且球冠状换热面增大了有效换热面积，因此换热效率明显高于常规的传导或辐射换热，显著提高的热水得量。
2、成本经济：结构简单，工业切实可行，制造成本明显低于现有“胆中胆”或盘管换热结构，且不占内胆的储水空间。
3、半自动补液：在膨胀罐内预留半罐添加防冻液的换热介质液，，从而通过落差实现自动补液。
除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其他实施方式。例如，所述换热腔的上表面可以设有伸入到内胆中的内置膨胀罐(如烟管)，以取代外置的膨胀罐22；再如，循环回路中装有换热循环泵，等等。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，均落在本发明要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种承压式太阳能热水器，包括内胆和具有输液口与回液口的太阳能集热装置，其特征在于：所述内胆的底部设置具有进水口和出水口的换热腔，所述换热腔的上表面与内胆的底表面共面，所述太阳能集热装置的输液口和回液口分别与所述换热腔的进水口和出水口连通，构成循环回路。
2.根据权利要求1所述承压式太阳能热水器，其特征在于：所述共面为上凸球冠状。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述承压式太阳能热水器，其特征在于：所述换热腔通过补液管与外置的膨胀罐连通。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述承压式太阳能热水器，其特征在于：所述换热腔的上表面设有伸入到内胆中的内置膨胀罐。
5.根据权利要求3所述承压式太阳能热水器，其特征在于：所述太阳能集热装置为壁挂式太阳能集热器，所述集热器含有一组水平真空管，所述真空管的两端分别插装支撑在垂直的尾托架和联箱外壳上。
6.根据权利要求5所述承压式太阳能热水器，其特征在于：所述联箱外壳中固定有分别与真空管内腔换热介质液连通的联箱内管，所述联箱内管设有输液口和回液口，分别与换热腔的进水口和出水口连通，构成热交换的循环回路。
7.根据权利要求6所述承压式太阳能热水器，其特征在于：所述内胆的圆柱主体底部嵌入上部呈上凸球冠状的胆底，所述胆底向下延伸出圆柱段，所述圆柱段的外径与所述圆柱主体的内径成紧配合。
8.根据权利要求7所述承压式太阳能热水器，其特征在于：所述胆底圆柱段形成的内凹中嵌入底盖，所述底盖的外径与所述圆柱段的内径成紧配合，形成内胆底部的换热腔。
9.根据权利要求8所述承压式太阳能热水器，其特征在于：所述圆柱主体的底边与所述圆柱段的外圆以及所述圆柱段的底边与所述底盖的外圆分别通过角焊密封连接。
10.根据权利要求9所述承压式太阳能热水器，其特征在于：所述循环回路中装有换热循环泵。
CN200810196064A 2008-09-11 2008-09-11 承压式太阳能热水器 Active CN100580335C (zh)

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PCT/US2009/056481 WO2010030758A2 (en) 2008-09-11 2009-09-10 Pressurized solar water heater
BRPI0918448A BRPI0918448A2 (pt) 2008-09-11 2009-09-10 aquecedor de água solar pressurizado
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WO2011069327A1 (zh) * 2009-12-08 2011-06-16 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 热水器底盖换热总成制造工艺方法及专用工装
CN101520240B (zh) * 2009-03-03 2012-04-18 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 具有补液散热功能的太阳能热水器
CN102734959A (zh) * 2012-06-29 2012-10-17 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 一种自动补液承压式太阳能热水器及其补水控制方法
CN103398474A (zh) * 2013-07-26 2013-11-20 安徽工业大学 一种太阳能光伏-光热-热电综合利用系统
CN111998529A (zh) * 2019-05-27 2020-11-27 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 储水容器、电热水器以及热水器水箱的制造方法

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CN110542219A (zh) * 2019-08-08 2019-12-06 吴礼兴 一种新型太阳能热水器

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Cited By (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101520240B (zh) * 2009-03-03 2012-04-18 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 具有补液散热功能的太阳能热水器
WO2011069327A1 (zh) * 2009-12-08 2011-06-16 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 热水器底盖换热总成制造工艺方法及专用工装
CN102734959A (zh) * 2012-06-29 2012-10-17 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 一种自动补液承压式太阳能热水器及其补水控制方法
CN102734959B (zh) * 2012-06-29 2014-04-02 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 一种自动补液承压式太阳能热水器的补水控制方法
CN103398474A (zh) * 2013-07-26 2013-11-20 安徽工业大学 一种太阳能光伏-光热-热电综合利用系统
CN111998529A (zh) * 2019-05-27 2020-11-27 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 储水容器、电热水器以及热水器水箱的制造方法

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MX2011002690A (es) 2011-05-25
BRPI0918448A2 (pt) 2015-12-01
WO2010030758A2 (en) 2010-03-18
CN100580335C (zh) 2010-01-13
ZA201102558B (en) 2013-02-27
WO2010030758A3 (en) 2013-01-24

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