CN101346115A - 具有改进的弹性元件的吸收物品 - Google Patents
具有改进的弹性元件的吸收物品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101346115A CN101346115A CNA200580052403XA CN200580052403A CN101346115A CN 101346115 A CN101346115 A CN 101346115A CN A200580052403X A CNA200580052403X A CN A200580052403XA CN 200580052403 A CN200580052403 A CN 200580052403A CN 101346115 A CN101346115 A CN 101346115A
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- flexible member
- absorbing articles
- skin protectant
- skin
- styrene
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Abstract
本发明涉及吸收物品例如尿布、失禁用品、卫生巾、卫生护垫等，其中所述物品的一个或几个部分(103、203：104、204：105、205)包含使护肤剂保持在其结构内的弹性元件(116、216：117、217：119、219)。安排护肤剂使之在吸收物品的使用过程中在弹性元件(116、216：117、217：119、219)伸展时被释放，弹性元件(116、216：117、217：119、219)吸收少于20％的水或尿。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吸收物品例如尿布、失禁用品、卫生巾、卫生护垫等，其中所述物品的一个或几个部分包含将护肤剂保持在其结构内的弹性元件。
背景领域
吸收物品例如尿布、失禁用品、卫生用品的主要目的是吸收不同身体排泄物，例如尿、粪便、月经液等。为了确保物品紧密贴附于使用者，通常为吸收物品提供不同类型的弹性材料，例如腰部弹性材料或腿部弹性材料。通常也安排不同的弹性装置来连接胯部区以防止在承受身体排泄物的冲击区域发生侧漏。因此弹性材料有助于确保吸收物品处于紧密贴附使用者的身体的状态，以至于既没有身体排泄物也没有气味渗漏至环境中。
由于目的是使物品在使用过程中紧密贴身，因此容易在吸收物品的紧密贴附于使用者身体的部位产生皮肤发炎的问题。当射出身体排泄物时产生进一步的问题，所述身体排泄物可刺激邻近的皮肤表面。此外，皮肤发炎导致皮肤对负面影响更易感和更敏感，所述负面影响来自排泄物和尿以及当吸收物品经历该过程时在其中必然产生的环境。
可通过在更换产品时对受影响的区域手工施用皮肤乳膏来解决这些问题。然而，该方法的不利方面是通常直至已射出了身体排泄物后才更换产品，这意味着物品将在更换之间长时间刺激皮肤。此外，也很容易忘记施用皮肤乳膏或匆忙地使用其从而使软膏胡乱散布在皮肤表面。
此外，在将吸收物品附着至使用者之前将软膏或洗剂施用至皮肤的情况下，一些物质可进入或穿透吸收物品的表面层，从而例如阻止吸收体吸收尿。手工施用也意味着当使用的护肤剂完全被皮肤吸收时，其已用完。除此以外，护理者会感觉到将护肤剂直接用于皮肤是不舒服的和不卫生的，不仅考虑到使用软膏等可导致粘着的感觉的事实，而且还因为使用者可以例如感染溃疡以及使用者可能具有疮痂，护理者必定会触碰该疮痂，尽管他或她并不希望碰到疮痂。类似地，使用者也可能不想让护理者直接用他的或她的手接触受伤的或敏感的皮肤。
为了解决这些问题，已做了一些努力来提供具有不同类型的乳膏、软膏、洗剂等的吸收物品。一个实例是WO 96/16682，在该申请中证明了通过依靠已涂覆在液体可渗透表面层上的洗剂，加入治疗或防护组分可解决上述问题。甚至宣称WO 96/16682的尿布通过在表面层使用亲水洗剂解决了伴随的例如减少的对液体可渗透表面层的进入的问题。
然而，WO 96/16682中描述的尿布涉及几个问题。在将洗剂以高速用于液体可渗透材料的各工艺期间，原则上不可能避免部分阻塞至少一些液体可渗透表面层上的小孔。尝试过通过以直线或特定的图案将洗剂用于液体可渗透表面层来进行避免或在任何情况下使该问题最小化。然而，在该应用模式中仍然存在被阻塞的小孔的问题。
进一步的问题是洗剂可从表面层或从已对其使用了软膏或洗剂的吸收物品的其他部分向下迁移，向下通过小孔，从而阻止吸收体吸收液体。通过制造具有特定熔化温度的洗剂和洗剂稳定剂来补救该问题，所述洗剂和洗剂稳定剂应当优选在室温下是完全的固体或至少部分固体，且应当优选正好在体温下开始熔化，部分缓解了该问题。
尽管对洗剂进行了修饰，但在使用前，例如在运输和贮存期间产品经历了条件例如更极端的温度，这意味着洗剂仍然可至少部分迁移，从而通过封阻表面层的小孔而减少至吸收物品的进入，从而两者也间接地减少了至吸收核心的进入。洗剂至吸收核心的迁移还可导致吸收能力的直接减弱。当例如产品置于温暖的仓库或可在日常生活中经常发生的其他温暖条件下进行贮存时，迁移问题就会发生。因此，不可能存在只通过改变洗剂以使其获得特定的熔化温度而使其本身得到保护的情况。
WO 99/22684描述了使用至少2种不同种类的护肤材料的织物。将所述织物附着至尿布的不同位置，例如表面层、液体屏障等。在该情况下也未对由于迁移而导致的小孔的阻塞的问题给予特别的关注。
EP 1 358 863描述了具有一定弹性的含有洗剂的水凝胶以及它们在吸收物品中的用途。洗剂被安排在水凝胶的化学构造内，其通过在材料中的迁移而持续地释放出来。在吸收物品中，这意味着在物品的运输和贮存期间存在洗剂从水凝胶迁移至物品的其他部分的危险。当然这也就意味着当使用所述物品时，活性组分不能获得希望的效果。此外，错误放置的洗剂可通过改变物品的液体可渗透表面层和吸收材料上的可湿性来对吸收物品的流体接收能力和吸收能力产生负效应。水凝胶也具有高吸水性，这意味着在用于吸收物品的过程中，它们吸收射出的体液，从而变湿，因而当它们贴靠皮肤时它们使使用者的皮肤变湿或变潮。这是不适合的，因为潮湿的皮肤对皮肤发炎和其他刺激更易感。
因此，本发明的目的是提供包括将护肤剂转移至皮肤的特别易受伤害的区域的解决方案。本发明进一步希望解决以使护肤剂不影响吸收物品的方式解决包装和贮存的问题。本发明提供了获得例如洗剂的充分转移而无洗剂不利地影响对吸收物品的进入或吸收物品的吸收能力的可能性。存在在吸收物品中使用护肤剂以预防目的和减轻皮疹或皮肤刺激或有助于压疮、褥疮等的护理的解决方案的需要。此外，需要一种元件，所述元件为在尿布中预定放置而非尿布中用洗剂涂铺表面的更多变化形式的护肤的元件。此外，存在对使敏感皮肤(受损害的皮肤或希望预防对皮肤的损害的地方)和吸收物品之间的皮肤发炎减少至最低限度的需要，一个使皮肤发炎减少至最低限度的方法是使用可减少产品和皮肤之间的摩擦的元件。因此，存在对不仅转移护肤剂而且使受影响的区域中的皮肤发炎减少至最低限度的元件的需要。此外，存在对上述问题的低成本高效的解决方案的需要。
发明描述
使用本发明已获得了导言中提及的、基本上消除了存在的与之前已知的此类吸收物品有关的问题的吸收物品。
根据本发明产生的物品的首要特征在于，当弹性元件在吸收物品的使用过程中被拉伸时，护肤剂经安排被释放出来，和弹性元件吸收低于20％的水或尿。
将护肤剂置于吸收物品包含的功能性弹性元件的结构中，该弹性元件的特征在于，除其他以外，其被拉伸以有助于护肤剂从弹性元件中释放出来的能力只有在吸收物品被使用时才发生。此外，可处理弹性元件以使护肤剂直至弹性元件的拉伸或伸展超过一定的阈值时才释放出来。在生产过程中，在未拉伸和未伸展的条件下处理吸收物品中的常规弹性元件，以使其通过用护肤剂压缩或膨胀来将护肤剂吸收入它们的孔结构中。
可将已充满护肤剂的弹性元件在该未预先拉伸的条件下固定至吸收物品。然而，通常在固定过程中弹性元件是被拉伸的。为了在吸收物品的生产制造中避免无意释放，因而有利地在伸展达到一定的阈值之前不发生释放。确保护肤剂保持在弹性元件中(即使当在护肤剂的生产过程中被拉伸时)的另一个方法是使用这样的护肤剂，该护肤剂在室温下以固体或非常粘稠的形式存在，但当加热至体温时发生熔化和变成液体或粘性减小。此类护肤材料只有当吸收物品被使用且同时经历加热和伸展时才是有活性的且可被释放。由于护肤剂在适当的位置被机械地保留在填充的弹性元件中的事实，其不受运输和保存过程中仅有的加热或当制造吸收物品时仅有的拉伸的影响。因而，充满护肤剂的弹性元件使护肤剂得到安全保存直至包含弹性元件的吸收物品被使用。护肤剂通过该保存而免受细菌的侵害并且也在保存和运输期间防止了迁移发生。
只有当穿上吸收物品时，弹性元件被拉伸从而其结构发生改变和被压缩时，护肤剂才通过弹性元件的结构挤压出来。于是在弹性材料，从而在物品最紧靠使用者的地方，即发生皮肤发炎和刺激危险最大的地方发生护肤剂的转移。预期在弹性元件的第一次拉伸时，大部分护肤剂被压出至邻近的皮肤上。然而，本发明的进一步有利方面是，在使用期间剩余的护肤剂将被持续地挤压出来，因为当使用者伸展和运动时弹性元件将进一步被拉展。本发明的进一步有利方面是，因为护肤剂被安全地保存在弹性元件中，因此可通过使用不与护肤产品相互作用，从而对护肤品的功能影响最小的常规弹性元件来使用更多的护肤品。
此处所述功能性弹性元件希望是指这样的弹性元件，如吸收物品中常规使用的具有使物品保持紧靠使用者的身体的能力的弹性元件。在这一点上，提及的弹性元件能够独立地保持必需的弹性功能，从而其具有高弹性模量。同时，本发明的目的在于获得在一次性产品例如吸收物品中是非常重要的低成本高效的解决方案。例如，不包括不具有实现目的所必需的弹性模量和此外通常构成一次性物品的相当大的成本增加的各种弹性水凝胶。因此本发明中使用的弹性元件提供了由于生产中更简单的操作(即以容易控制和安全的方式向吸收物品中加入护肤剂)而产生的低成本效果。这归因于在生产中使用常规的弹性元件(这意味着已存在适合的设备)和直至使用过程中才获得护肤剂的释放的事实。
常规弹性元件的实例是以腿部弹性材料和腰部弹性材料的形式附着和通常以线、带、薄膜、薄片等形式存在的弹性元件。专利文献中描述的吸收物品中的弹性元件也以侧片、隆起的称为常设褶子(standing gather)的弹性屏障、带、弹性边缘部件、侧翼和前及后体片的形式存在。当使用弹性线或弹性带时，通常将两个或更所述多弹性线或弹性带平行排列，于是它们构成了弹性元件中的部分成员。也可将类似的弹性线或带在侧屏障中排列为侧屏障弹性材料，其通常置于腿部弹性材料的内侧。侧屏障通常沿吸收体纵向延伸且具有附着至吸收物品的纵向缘和希望紧贴使用者的第二游离缘。此外可在优选围绕胯部区的弹性系统中排列弹性线和弹性带。
弹性成份可用天然橡胶、聚丁二烯、低晶聚乙烯、茂金属催化的低晶聚乙烯、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、聚氨酯、聚异丙烯(polyisopropene)、丁二烯-乙烯，共聚物和/或苯乙烯嵌段共聚物，特别是苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯(SIS)、苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯(SBS)或苯乙烯/乙烯丁二烯/苯乙烯嵌段共聚物和/或所述聚合物的混合物来制造。这些材料或材料混合物具有高伸展性，从而适合用于所述目的。在WO 2004/021949、WO 03/047488、EP 0 521 883、EP 0 582 596、WO 97/20091和US 5,539,056中描述了其他合适的弹性材料。
根据本发明的吸收物品的一个优选实施方案，弹性元件基本上是不吸水的，即非液体例如水或尿的吸收剂。弹性元件有利地吸收低于15％的水或尿，优选低于10％的水或尿。在另一个方面，弹性元件可在乳膏或洗剂例如油中膨胀，通过该方式其将护肤剂吸收入其网状结构中。
因此基本上非吸水剂是指吸收低于20％的水或尿，优选低于15％的水或尿和最优选低于10％的水或尿的材料。基本上非吸水剂也希望是指不会以这样的量吸收或保留尿，即这样的量在弹性元件变湿后不利地影响其作为护肤剂的贮藏库的功能。因此弹性元件将适合地具有非吸水特征。然而，在完全实践的水平上，原则上不可避免的是：由于在结构的不同孔中发生毛细管力，弹性网络结构中将不会保留一滴或数滴液体。然而，这不是想要的，且依照所述结构为基本上非吸水剂，这可被减少至最低限度。
因此，弹性元件有利地基本上是非吸水性的。同样如此的是，湿气或液体的吸收将不会在例如使用前挤压护肤剂，以使相邻吸水层中的小孔或洞被阻塞，从则阻止液体渗透入吸收体。液体应当也能够在反复的变湿过程中运输通过弹性元件而不被吸收和保留在弹性元件中。因此，液体，例如汗、尿或血液应当能够以自由和相对不受限制的方式进入吸收物品的吸收体。由于弹性元件是非吸水性的，因此阻止了液体例如排泄的尿或汗在结构中被吸收从而引发弹性元件肿胀。膨胀可导致已经易受伤害的区域经历甚至更严重的皮肤发炎和潮湿。此外，如上所述，水的吸收可触发护肤剂在较不有利的情况下(例如在潮湿环境中的保存期间)释放。尿的大量释放也可导致护肤剂以这样的方式被挤压，通过该方式，护肤剂远离了希望其作用的区域即最邻近的皮肤区域。使用基本上不吸水的弹性元件的另一个有利方面是可使用更大量的护肤剂，因为释放不依赖于例如温度或湿度敏感性因素。
根据本发明的吸收物品的另一个优选实施方案，弹性元件由在停止负荷后立即具有大约70-100％，优选80-100％和最优选90-100％的负荷后恢复度的材料构成。
可使用简单的方法测量恢复度，在所述方法中：测量弹性元件的长度(L0)，然后将弹性元件在预定的一段时期内经历200kPa(≈49.8g/cm2)的负荷。然后在停止负荷后立即测量长度L1。立即在此处希望是指大约1分钟。
在本发明的吸收物品的一个实施方案中，弹性元件是化学交联的橡胶，例如天然橡胶或苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶或称为热(塑)性弹性物质的物理交联的橡胶例如聚氨酯橡胶或热塑性聚烯烃。
弹性元件的这些组成实例通常用于吸收物品，这意味着具有高弹性和良好的恢复能力。
天然橡胶和苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶构成了形态学均一的材料(其中共价键将聚合物链结合在一起和在网络中留下自由体积的)的实例。通过膨胀聚合物链和/或填满自由体积将护肤剂整合入这些材料。当机械力压缩自由体积时，通过伸展释放护肤剂。热塑性弹性材料例如聚氨酯构成了具有所谓的硬相和软相的非均匀形态学结构。所谓的硬相由可提供材料柔性的化学结构建成。在所谓软相中，可通过膨胀聚合物链和/或充满自由体积来嵌入护肤剂。当软相在吸收物品的使用期间伸展时，释放护肤剂。
根据吸收物品的另一个实施方案，弹性元件在非拉展状态下包含达到4g，优选达到1g，更优选达到0.5g和最优选达到0.1g护肤剂/g弹性元件。当使用以由聚烯烃制造的高吸油性吸收剂形式存在的弹性元件时，更大的位距极限值(interval limit)是特别优选的。当整合高达大约1g护肤剂/g弹性元件时，材料例如聚丙烯或聚乙烯是特别有用的。然而，有利地使用不超过0.5g和最优选不超过0.1g护肤剂/g弹性元件以避免弹性元件感觉上很粘。因此本发明的特征还在于，在弹性元件中可能吸收有限量(但仍然是适合于目的的量)的护肤剂。受控量的护肤剂确保在第一次拉伸过程中不射出过量的护肤剂，同时使过量的通常昂贵的护肤剂的使用成本降低。过量的护肤剂也增加了所述元件迁移至吸收物品的吸收核心的危险。
本发明的护肤剂优选是油、洗剂、软膏、抗皮炎元件、构建薄膜的聚合物、蜡或来源于植物界的物质等。此外，护肤剂优选用作皮炎的预防、缓解或治疗元件。在进一步的实施方案中，护肤剂适合用于预防或减少皮肤发炎和/或刺激。在本发明的进一步实施方案中，护肤剂包含pH调节物质、抗微生物物质、糖皮质激素、抗病毒元件、益生菌微生物、酶抑制剂、被活化至不同程度的物质例如消炎物质。如上面已提及的，在当使用者具有过敏性皮肤和可以发生皮疹或已具有皮疹、刺激或褥疮的情况下，重要地不使过敏性皮肤的表面经历皮肤发炎。除了完全身体上的皮肤发炎可对皮肤造成表面损害的事实外，皮肤发炎还可使皮肤对其他表面影响例如粪便、尿和作为结果发生的极端条件更易感。使用包含上述组分中的一种的护肤剂解决了该问题。
附图概述
参考附图中显示的图表，在下面更详细地描述本发明，其中
图1显示当尿裤拼接在一起时其呈现的主视图。
图2显示本发明的进一步实施方案的尿布，和
图3显示沿通过图2中的尿布的线II-II的横截面。
实施方案的描述
以装配的形式显示图1中的尿裤101，该尿裤未经历拉伸力。尿裤包括外裤102，所述外裤可分成在使用过程中希望朝向使用者且被安排在使用者的腹部表面的前部103，在使用过程中希望朝向使用者且被安排在使用者的臀部表面的后部104，和位于前部103与后部104之间的胯部105，该胯部在使用过程中希望被安排在使用者的胯部。
图1中显示的外裤102包括第一液体可渗透覆盖层106、第二液体不可渗透覆盖层107和安排在覆盖层106、107之间的吸收体108。液体可渗透覆盖层106可由适合于该目的的任何材料组成，例如非织造材料、穿孔的塑料薄膜、网状材料、麻纤维(tow)(平行纤维)等的层。覆盖层106当然也可由2或更多层相同的或不同的材料的薄层组成。液体不可渗透覆盖层107可由液体不可渗透覆塑料薄膜、已用液体阻挡材料涂布的非织造层或一些其他柔性的材料层(其具有阻挡液体渗透的能力)组成。液体不可渗透覆盖层107还可由薄片组成。然而，如果液体不可渗透覆盖层107展示一定的透气性即允许水蒸气通过层107，则其可以是有利的。
吸收体108可由一层或几层吸收材料例如纤维素绒毛浆(fluffpulp)、组织、吸收体泡沫等组成。吸收体包含高吸收剂即当形成水凝胶时可吸收等于其自身重量几倍的体液的聚合物材料也是很常见。此类高吸收剂通常以微粒的形式存在，但也发现纤维、薄片、颗粒、泡沫和薄膜的形式。此外，吸收体108还可包含非吸收组分，例如硬化元件、成型元件、粘合剂等。
在装配的形式中，如图1中所示，为了形成侧密封113，将尿布的各边缘拼接在一起。尿裤的前幅边109和后幅边110形成了围绕腰开口112的腰边111，侧缝边的腿部区段形成了围绕腿开口115的腿缝边114。
弹性元件排列为围绕腿开口115的腿部弹性元件116和排列为围绕腰开口112的腰部弹性元件117。由于外裤102由2层或更多层薄片形成，因此可在2层这样的层之间附着弹性元件116、117。可选择地，可排列弹性元件以使它们在使用过程中直接贴靠使用者的皮肤。只在胯部105和后部104上排列腿部弹性元件116，然而延伸超过前部103的腿缝边114的部分没有任何特定的腿部弹性元件但可有利地延伸围绕腿开口15的整个距离。此外，外裤102包括围绕腰开口112的腰部弹性元件117以确保尿裤102安全和舒适地保持在合适的位置，和紧密贴合在使用者的腰周围。
腿部弹性元件116和腰部弹性元件117中的弹性元件以松紧线、松紧带等的形式存在。当使用松紧线或带时，通常将两个或更多个所述松紧线、松紧带相互之间平行排列，从而组成弹性元件的弹性部分成员。
如可在图1中看到的，沿胯部区域中的吸收袋的侧边的腿部弹性元件116中的弹性部分成员的数目比沿腿缝边114的其他部分多。为了有利于吸收体108的形成和弯曲，这是个合适的实施方案，因为吸收体108中的弯曲阻力比尿裤的更柔软的周围部分中的大。考虑到皮肤发炎的危险在该区域特别明显的事实，这也是特别有利的，从而可以有利地将包含护肤剂的几个弹性元件置于该区域内。
如之前已提及的，图1显示在尿裤穿到使用者身上之前其显示的样子。所有弹性元件和组件基本上未被拉伸，从而护肤剂得到安全保存直至尿裤在使用期间被拉伸。这意味着在穿上其之前，尿裤101展示稍微有些揉皱的腰边111以及还有在胯部105和后部104揉皱的腿缝边114。
图2显示为了清楚地说明，以“展开的”、相对平的状态存在的尿布。因此也在此处展开的条件下显示弹性元件。图3显示线II-II中的尿布的横截面。图2中显示的尿布201以与图1中显示的尿裤相应的方式显示：前部203、后部204和更狭窄的、中间跨部205。此外，尿布1具有2个纵向、向内弯曲的边缘214、前幅边和后幅边210。图2和3中的尿布也包含第一液体可渗透覆盖层206，第二液体不可渗透覆盖层207以及排列在覆盖层206、207之间的吸收体208。2个覆盖层206、207在平面中具有比吸收体208更大的延伸并且围绕其整个外周向外伸展超出吸收体208。通过例如胶合或使用热或超声进行焊接来在伸出部分内相互连接覆盖层206、207。
此外，为尿布201提供沿尿布的侧缝边214排列的预拉伸的纵向弹性元件216。这些弹性元件216在使用期间促进按照使用者的身体弯曲尿布201和同时组成了尿布的腿部弹性元件。通过这种方式，腿部弹性元件216用于使尿布的侧缝边214保持对使用者的腿部处于密封接触状态，以防止在使用过程中尿布与使用者的身体之间产生缝隙，体液可通过该缝隙渗漏出尿布。
尿布201还具有内弹性屏障218。内弹性屏障218由成对的材料带220组成。材料带220合适地由能够阻挡液体渗透的材料例如疏水性非织造布、塑料薄膜或非织造布和塑料薄膜的薄层组成，同时对于疏水性护肤剂是可渗透的。各材料带220沿着附着边缘附着至液体可渗透覆盖层206且以弹性部分成员形式在相对的折边上包含侧屏障弹性材料219(在该情况下为松紧线)。
然而，根据本发明，皱折的材料带220基本上是不吸收尿的，从而在至少紧贴使用者的皮肤的表面上的材料应当由基本上疏水的材料例如人造纤维例如未用变湿方法处理的聚烯烃纤维组成。可以以相应的方式处理围绕腿部弹性元件216的覆盖层的这些部分。天然地，腿部弹性元件216和侧屏障弹性元件219可分别附着在皱折的材料带220的外侧或液体可渗透覆盖层206的上方，从而在使用过程中与使用者的皮肤最紧密接触。
上面所描述的内容不应当被认为将本发明限定于只与这些实施例中描述的吸收物品一起使用。应当认为包括其中使用弹性元件的、对于尿布领域、失禁用品、卫生巾、卫生护垫等领域内技术人员是已知的所有吸收物品的形式。此外，本发明将不限定于上面例举的弹性元件，还可包含附着至吸收物品、卫生巾的侧翼等的弹性带。
尿布皮炎
几个因素一起导致尿布皮炎的发生。湿皮肤导致皮肤更容易被皮肤摩擦和压力磨损。高湿度也意味着刺激物可更大程度地渗透皮肤，还意味着细菌和真菌繁殖更旺盛。皮肤的阻塞和将尿中的尿素分解成氨导致pH的增加。增加的pH值导致来自肠和来自粪便中的微生物的酶(脂酶和蛋白酶)能够更大程度地分解皮肤。可容易地发生其中不同因素相互帮助和强化的恶性循环。
预防皮炎的最好方法是建立抵消产生和维持尿布皮炎病变的因素的环境。因此目的应当是保持皮肤尽可能干燥，经常使皮肤通风和更换湿尿布。应当通过选择尽可能光滑和柔软的材料和通过减少尿布和皮肤之间的摩擦来使机械剪切力降至最小。对皮肤施用软化的和保护性洗剂或乳膏使得可能增强对刺激物和酶渗透的阻挡。在更严重的皮炎的情况下，微生物可感染损伤的皮肤，从而使用更具活性的药物的治疗是必需的。在这些情况下，使用具有可的松和各种抗真菌药以及抗菌成分的软膏。
用于弹性元件的护肤剂的实例
护肤剂可用于预防、减轻或治愈皮炎。护肤剂可以，在其物理形式上，由溶液、悬浮液、乳膏剂、洗剂、软膏剂、糊剂、凝胶剂、泡沫剂、气雾剂等组成。在下列描述中，优选使用乳膏剂、洗剂或软膏剂，然而当然也可考虑上述的其他形式。
护肤剂可包括脂质(脂肪、油、蜡)、溶剂(包括水)、水溶性物质、表面活性剂(乳化剂、表面活性剂)、粘度调节物质、pH调节物质、防腐剂、络合剂(例如螯合剂)、递药系统(例如脂质体、微囊剂等)、色素、香料和活性物质(也是药剂)。通常在水中乳化脂质，称为o/w乳化，或在脂质相中乳化水，称为w/o乳化
护肤剂可包含脂质例如：具有12至35个碳的石蜡(烃类)，例如石蜡油(矿物油)或凡士林油(凡士林)。
甘油三酯，优选具有C-18以下的碳链长度的精炼的和/或氢化的，动物或植物的甘油三酯(例如乳脂、椰子油、椰子nocifera、棕榈仁油Elaeis guineeis、具有不饱和C-18脂肪酸的动物或植物的甘油三酯(例如日本蜡Rhus succesdanes、牛脂脂肪、大豆油Glycerin soya、花生油Arachais hypogaea、玉米油Zea mays、向日葵油Helanthusannus、葡萄籽油Vitis vinifera、红花油Carthamus tinctorius、甜扁桃仁油Prunnus amygdalus dulcis、榛子油Corylus americana、胡桃油Juglans regia、橄榄油Olea europasa、鳄梨油Perseagratissima、芝麻油Sesamum indicum、妥尔油TaIIoI、棉子油Gopssypium、棕榈油Elaesis guineensis、米糠油(稻)、菜油(油菜)、杏仁油Prunus armeniaca、可可脂Theobroma cao、乳木果油Butyrospermum parkii、小麦籽油wheatseed oilTriticum vulgare、Bassia latifola)、具有超过C-18的碳链的动物或植物的甘油三酯(例如蜂蜡(白蜂蜡Cera alba、虫胶蜡虫胶蜂蜡Shellac cera、绣线菊籽油Limnanthes alba、菜籽油Brassica capmestris、黄瓜子油Boragoofficinalis、亚麻子油(栽培亚麻(Linum usitatissimum)，蓖麻油大麻子Ricinus communis、婆婆纳油(斑鸠菊科Veroniagalamensis、希蒙得木油Buxus chinensis、烛用蜡(大戟属蜂蜡(Euphorbia cera))、ongokea oil(Ongokea gore))。
具有长度为12至32个碳的直碳链或分支碳链的脂肪醇。例如，鲸蜡醇或硬脂醇。具有12至32个碳的脂肪酸酯。例如，棕榈酸甲酯、硬脂酸甲酯，肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、月桂酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、硬脂酸异丙酯、棕榈酸辛酯、硬脂酸辛酯或月桂酸辛酯。
多元醇。例如，糖醇或聚甘油。
复合脂。例如，磷脂或鞘脂(神经酰胺)。
蜡类。动物来源的，例如蜂蜡或羊毛脂。植物来源的，例如棕榈蜡或坎地里拉蜡。矿物来源的，例如石蜡或地蜡。
聚硅氧烷。直的、分支的或环状的。例如，聚二甲基-硅氧烷(二甲基硅油)或聚二乙基硅氧烷。
护肤剂可包含乳化剂例如：
使用亲水物质例如水、甘油、聚乙二醇(PEG)、丙二醇、丁二醇、山梨醇、硅烷甘醇(silicone glycol)等或其混合物对一种或更多种脂肪的乳化。
护肤剂可包含吸附尿或粪便中的刺激组分的物质。例如，粘土矿物(膨润土、高岭土、蒙脱石等)、氧化硅混合物(石英、沸石、水玻璃等)或活性炭。可通过各种处理例如用季胺类化合物处理活化物质使之更具吸收性。
护肤剂可包含酶抑制剂。例如，铁或锌、痕量重金属离子例如铜或银的金属盐、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂、利马豆蛋白酶抑制剂、玉米蛋白酶抑制剂、硬脂酰甘草亭酸酯、三醋酸甘油酯、甜菜碱类混合物、磺基甜菜碱类混合物、消胆胺、对-胍基苯甲酸酯。
护肤剂可包含pH调节添加剂。例如，有机酸或无机酸例如己二酸、抗坏血酸、苯甲酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、乳酸、磷酸或盐酸。或例如用所述酸和相应的盐制备的缓冲液。还可包含多聚物酸，例如聚磷酸或聚丙烯酸。
护肤剂还可包括益生菌微生物的加入，特征在于拮抗不想要的微生物，例如尿道病原菌或皮肤感染病原菌。可使用的益生菌微生物的实例是单个的菌株或采自种类嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillusacidophilus)、弯曲乳杆菌(Lactobacillus curvatus)、胚芽乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)或乳酸乳球菌(Lactococis lactis)的乳酸菌的几个菌株的混合物。护肤剂还可包含益生菌物质例如糖原(glycogene)。
护肤剂还可包括或多或少的活性物质例如：抗炎剂，例如乙酰水杨酸、尿囊素、甘菊环、α-甜没药萜醇(甘菊)、黄酮、甘草酸、鱼石脂(Inotyol
)、单宁酸。
收敛剂(血管收缩药)，例如TiO，ZnO(和其他Zn化合物)、醋酸铝溶液、酒石酸铝溶液(和其他Al化合物)、乙醇或基于乙醇的溶液。
芦荟(Aloe vera)(库拉索芦荟(Aloe barbadensis))、α-羟酸(柠檬酸、酒石酸、乳酸、苹果酸等)、海藻提取物、抗坏血酸(维生素C)，维生素A混合物(视黄醇、视黄醛、维A酸和异维A酸)、酪梨脂醇、甜菜碱(三甲基甘氨酸)，神经酰胺，葡萄籽提取物、必需脂肪酸、类黄酮、植物鞘氨醇、植物固醇、透明质酸、酵母提取物、壳聚糖、乳蛋白质(Lactis proteinum)，泛醇(维生素B5原)、多糖、迷迭香提取物、生育酚(维生素E)、泛醌(辅酶Q10)、尿素。
抗微生物剂，例如阿莫罗芬，抗生素，杆菌肽、苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵、溴化十六烷基三甲铵、夫西地酸、龙胆紫(甲紫)，六氯酚、己雷琐辛、咪唑衍生物(例如biphonazole、益康唑、酮康唑、双氯苯咪唑(chlotrimazole)、咪康唑)、氯己定、制霉菌素、聚维酮碘、特比萘芬、三氯生、过氧化氢。
金属和其盐，例如Ag、Cu、Zn、Mg、Na。
抗病毒剂，例如阿昔洛维、咪喹莫特、鬼臼毒素、podophilox、西多福韦、喷西洛维、阿糖腺苷、碘苷、曲氟尿苷、曲金刚烷、拉米夫定。
护肤剂还可包含糖皮质激素，优选低效价的糖皮质激素，例如氢化可的松，或止痒剂，例如，抗组织胺类或局部麻醉剂(例如利多卡因)。
护肤剂还可由皮肤软膏、乳膏和洗剂的现成混合物组成。例如，Necesse
洗剂(成分：水、丙二醇、液体石蜡、辛酸辛酯、尿素、PEG-8二硬脂酸酯、steareth-2、steareth-21、甜菜碱、乳酸、醋酸维生素E(tocopheryl acetate)、二甲基硅油、氨基丁三醇、尼泊金甲酯、尼泊金丙酯、香水)、Necesse
皮肤软膏(成分：水、液体石蜡、硬脂酸辛酯、氯化钠、尿素、硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂酸、棕榈醇、PEG-30硬脂酸酯、醋酸维生素E、氨基丁三醇、二甲基硅油、尼泊金甲酯、山梨酸、尼泊金丙酯、香水)、Necesse
防护霜(成分：凡士林油、甘油、落花生、柠檬酸三乙酯、醋酸维生素E)或Necesse
氧化锌软膏(成分：凡士林油、落花生、氧化锌、棕榈酸视黄酯、维生素E)。Necesse
产品由SCA Hygiene Products，Gothenburg，Sweden商业销售。
除其他因素外，下列文献中部分描述可用于本发明的一些不同的护肤剂和/或物质的其他实例：WO 96/16682″Diaper having alotioned topsheet″(Roe等人)、WO 96/16681″Diaper having alotioned topsheet containing a polysiloxane emmollient″(Roe，Mackey)、WO 97/05909″Diaper having a lotioned topsheetcomprising a liquid polyester emollient and an immobilizingagent″(Roe)、WO 99/45973″Disposable absorbent article havinga skin care composition containing an enzyme inhibitor″(Roe等人)、WO 99/45974″Protease inhibitors in absorbent products″(Rourke等人)、WO 99/45976″Proton donating actives in absorbentarticles″(McOsker等人)、DE 33 09 530 C1″HygienischeAbsorptionsvorlage″(Leitner等人)、DE 41 36 540 A1″Einwegwindeln″(Grunecker等人)、US 3489148″Topsheet fordisposable diapers″(Duncan等人)、WO 00/64502″Absorbentarticle having a lotionized bodyside liner″(Krzysik等人)、WO 00/64501″Skin-friendly absorbent articles andcompositions″(Krzysik等人)、WO 00/64500″Absorbent articlehaving a hydrophilic lotionized bodyside liner″(Krzysik等人)、WO 00/64503″Skin-friendly absorbent articles andcompositions″(Krzysik等人)、WO 99/22684″Web materials withtwo or more skin care compositions disposed thereon and articlesmade therefrom″(Roe等人)。
应当指出，本发明不限定于上述护肤剂，这些仅仅是可使用的和本发明的护肤剂的例子。
Claims (10)
1.吸收物品例如尿布、失禁用品、卫生巾、卫生护垫等，其中所述物品的一个或几个部分(103、203：104、204：105、205)包含使护肤剂保持在其结构内的弹性元件(116、216：117、217：119、219)，其特征在于，安排护肤剂使之在吸收物品的使用过程中在弹性元件(116、216：117、217：119、219)被拉伸时释放，和弹性元件(116、216：117、217：119、219)吸收少于20％的水或尿。
2.权利要求1的吸收物品，其中弹性元件(116，216：117，217；119，219)吸收少于15％的水或尿，优选少于10％的水或尿。
3.权利要求1或2的吸收物品，其中弹性元件(116，216：117，217；119，219)由在停止负荷后立即具有大约70-100％，优选80-100％和最优选90-100％的负荷后恢复度的材料组成。
4.前述权利要求任一项的吸收物品，其中弹性元件由腰部弹性元件(117，217)、腿部弹性元件(116，216)或侧屏障弹性元件(119，219)、侧片、隆起的弹性屏障、腰带、侧弹性部件、翼以及前体片和后体片组成。
5.前述权利要求任一项的吸收物品，其中弹性元件(116，216：117，217；119，219)是天然橡胶，热塑性弹性材料，例如聚氨酯、聚丁二烯、低晶聚乙烯、茂金属催化的低晶聚乙烯、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、聚氨酯、聚异丙烯、丁二烯苯乙烯，共聚物和/或苯乙烯嵌段共聚物，特别是苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯(SIS)、苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯(SBS)或苯乙烯/乙烯丁二烯/苯乙烯嵌段共聚物和/或所述聚合物的混合物。
6.前述权利要求任一项的吸收物品，其中在非拉伸条件下弹性元件(116，216：117，217；119，219)包含达到4g，优选达到1g，更优选达到0.5g和最优选达到0.1g的护肤剂/g弹性元件(116，216：117，217；119，219)。
7.前述权利要求任一项的吸收物品，其中护肤剂是油、洗剂、软膏、抗皮炎元件、构建薄膜的聚合物、蜡或来源于植物界的物质等。
8.前述权利要求任一项的吸收物品，其中护肤剂适合用作皮炎的预防、减轻或治愈元件。
9.前述权利要求任一项的吸收物品，其中护肤剂适合用于预防或减轻皮肤发炎和/或刺激。
10.前述权利要求任一项的吸收物品，其中护肤剂包含pH调节物质、抗微生物物质、糖皮质激素、抗病毒元件、益生菌微生物、酶抑制剂、被活化至不同程度的物质，例如抗炎物质或来源于植物界的物质。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE2005/002046 WO2007073270A1 (en) | 2005-12-23 | 2005-12-23 | Absorbent article with improved elastic means |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101346115A true CN101346115A (zh) | 2009-01-14 |
Family
ID=38188905
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA200580052403XA Pending CN101346115A (zh) | 2005-12-23 | 2005-12-23 | 具有改进的弹性元件的吸收物品 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080300563A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1965744A1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN101346115A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2007073270A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2491905C2 (ru) * | 2008-11-07 | 2013-09-10 | Ска Хайджин Продактс Аб | Обертка для поглощающего изделия |
| CN107405223A (zh) * | 2015-03-16 | 2017-11-28 | 宝洁公司 | 具有改善的强度的吸收制品 |
| CN116672491A (zh) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-09-01 | 华南农业大学 | 一种自愈性水凝胶敷料及其制备方法和应用 |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2007362877B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2013-07-25 | Sca Hgiene Products Ab | Absorbent article with odour control substane |
| GB2480118B (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2012-04-11 | Unicharm Corp | Absorbent article |
| CN103990173B (zh) * | 2014-06-13 | 2015-08-26 | 云南白药清逸堂实业有限公司 | 一种应用益生菌的功能性卫生巾及制备方法 |
| EP3307220B2 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2023-11-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Belt with treated inner surface |
| WO2018054766A1 (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2018-03-29 | Essity Hygiene And Health Aktiebolag | Absorbent article with ph controlled topsheet |
| WO2022036435A1 (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-02-24 | Hilary Brenda Scott | Underwear for dispensing therapeutic substances |
| US20250134734A1 (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2025-05-01 | Essity Hygiene and Heath AKtiebolag | Sanitary article comprising a water-soluble dry coating comprising skin beneficial additives |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3489148A (en) * | 1966-12-20 | 1970-01-13 | Procter & Gamble | Topsheet for disposable diapers |
| DE3118262A1 (de) * | 1981-05-08 | 1982-12-09 | geb. Ruff Hannelore 7064 Remshalden Knöll | "windelhoeschen mit pflegezone" |
| EP0236016A3 (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1989-02-08 | Aprica Kassai Kabushikikaisha | Disposable diaper |
| US5539056A (en) * | 1995-01-31 | 1996-07-23 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Thermoplastic elastomers |
| US6533765B1 (en) * | 1998-05-01 | 2003-03-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent articles having a lotion resistant adhesive |
| DE60221639T2 (de) * | 2002-05-03 | 2008-05-08 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Absorbierender Artikel mit Hautpflegemittel |
-
2005
- 2005-12-23 CN CNA200580052403XA patent/CN101346115A/zh active Pending
- 2005-12-23 EP EP05822002A patent/EP1965744A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-12-23 US US12/094,394 patent/US20080300563A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-12-23 WO PCT/SE2005/002046 patent/WO2007073270A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2491905C2 (ru) * | 2008-11-07 | 2013-09-10 | Ска Хайджин Продактс Аб | Обертка для поглощающего изделия |
| CN107405223A (zh) * | 2015-03-16 | 2017-11-28 | 宝洁公司 | 具有改善的强度的吸收制品 |
| CN116672491A (zh) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-09-01 | 华南农业大学 | 一种自愈性水凝胶敷料及其制备方法和应用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20080300563A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
| EP1965744A1 (en) | 2008-09-10 |
| WO2007073270A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
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Open date: 20090114 |