CN101308112B - 电沉积壳聚糖-染料-酶复合膜制备修饰电极的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电沉积壳聚糖-染料-酶复合膜制备修饰电极的方法,将阴电极置入含有壳聚糖、染料电子传递媒介体和过氧化物酶的混合酸性溶液中,通电进行电沉积,壳聚糖、染料电子传递媒介体和酶附着在阴电极表面,得到修饰电极。利用本发明方法制备修饰电极,简便快捷,复合膜厚度、染料电子传递媒介体固定量、酶固定量可控。制备出的无试剂电极响应快,灵敏度高,稳定性好,使用方便。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生物传感器中电极的制备方法,尤其涉及一种电沉积壳聚糖-染料-酶复合膜制备修饰电极的方法。
背景技术
修饰电极作为生物传感器中的重要部件,其制备方法对生物传感器的性能有很大影响。
过氧化物酶修饰电极在食品生产、环境监测、临床医学等领域具有重要应用价值,是酶电极和生物传感器研究的重点。由于过氧化物酶的氧化还原中心较难与电极发生直接电子传递,人们通常引入电子传递媒介体促进酶与电极间的电子传递。然而,电子传递媒介体在溶液中的酶电极在使用时存在诸多不便,这种缺点在原位分析或在线检测时尤其突出。实现酶和电子传递媒介体共固定,发展无试剂的辣根过氧化物酶生物传感器是生物传感器研究的重要方向。
小分子有机染料是性能优良的电子传递媒介体,可有效促进过氧化物酶与电极间的电子传递。开展染料电子传递媒介体与辣根过氧化物酶的共固定方法研究至关重要。
发明内容
本发明是提供一种条件温和,复合膜厚度、染料电子传递媒介体固定量、酶固定量可控的电沉积壳聚糖-染料-酶复合膜制备修饰电极的方法。
一种电沉积壳聚糖-染料-酶复合膜制备修饰电极的方法,将阴电极置入含有壳聚糖、染料电子传递媒介体和过氧化物酶的混合酸性溶液中,通电进行电沉积,壳聚糖、染料电子传递媒介体和酶附着在阴电极表面,得到修饰电极。
所述的混合溶液的配置方法如下:
a)将壳聚糖溶于质量百分比浓度为0.5-2.0%的盐酸溶液中,得到溶液A;
得到的溶液A中壳聚糖的质量百分比浓度为0.5-4.0%;
b)向溶液A中加入染料电子传递媒介体,磁力搅拌1-3小时后,超声分散10-30分钟,得到溶液B;
所述的染料电子传递媒介体为茜素紫、亚甲基兰、耐尔兰或中性红;
在得到的溶液B中,所述的染料电子传递媒介体的浓度为0.05mg/mL-0.5mg/mL;
c)向溶液B中加入过氧化物酶,超声分散10-30分钟,得到混合酸性溶液;
在得到的混合酸性溶液中,所述的过氧化物酶的浓度为0.01-2mg/mL。
所述的过氧化物酶,具体可采用辣根过氧化物酶、芦笋过氧化物酶或马铃薯过氧化物酶。
所述的阴电极为金、铂、玻碳、导电玻璃或半导体材料。
所述的电沉积时间为1-20分钟,阴电极电位为-0.5 V~-2V。
本发明方法一般均可在常温下操作。
壳聚糖是来源丰富的天然聚合物,是环境可再生资源,具有良好的生物相容性。壳聚糖分子中大量的活性氨基可在酸性溶液中质子化,使壳聚糖溶于酸性溶液。当溶液酸度降低时,壳聚糖分子中的氨基逐步去质子化,在碱性溶液中,壳聚糖不溶于水。
作为一种天然聚合物,壳聚糖具有良好的生物相容性,是性能优良的酶固定化载体。酶在壳聚糖基质中具有高的活性和良好的稳定性。同时,染料电子传递媒介体可有效促进过氧化氢酶与电极材料间的电子传递,制备的无试剂电极使用方便。基于生物相容性的基质和电子传递媒介体的共固定化,壳聚糖-染料-酶复合膜修饰电极可具有良好的电化学性能和稳定性。
本发明在壳聚糖、染料电子传递媒介体、酶混合溶液中一步电沉积制备复合膜。将电极作为阴极插入到壳聚糖、染料电子传递媒介体和酶的混合溶液中,通电后,溶液中的氢离子在阴极被还原成氢气导致阴极表面pH值逐渐增加,并在溶液中形成一定的pH梯度。根据壳聚糖的溶解性与溶液酸度有关这一特性,当电极附近溶液pH值高于壳聚糖pKa时,壳聚糖变为不溶状态并沉积在阴电极表面。在壳聚糖溶液中加入染料电子传递媒介体和酶,可一步在电极表面电沉积得到壳聚糖-染料-酶复合膜,即得到了修饰电极,利用该修饰电极构建的无试剂生物传感器使用方便、响应快,稳定性好。
与常规滴涂法制备生物传感器等方法相比,本发明电沉积壳聚糖-染料-酶复合膜制备修饰电极的方法,反应条件温和,复合膜厚度、染料电子传递媒介体固定量、酶固定量可控。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将壳聚糖溶于质量百分比浓度为0.5%的盐酸溶液中,得到溶液A;
得到的溶液A中,壳聚糖的质量百分比浓度为0.5%;
向溶液A中加入染料电子传递媒介体亚甲基兰,磁力搅拌3小时,超声30分钟后得到溶液B;
得到的溶液B中,亚甲基兰浓度为0.2mg/mL;
向溶液B中加入辣根过氧化物酶,超声15分钟后得到混合酸性溶液;
得到的混合酸性溶液中,辣根过氧化物酶的浓度为0.5mg/mL;
将金电极作为阴极置入混合酸性溶液中,在-1V电位下电沉积5分钟,壳聚糖、染料电子传递媒介体和酶附着在阴电极表面,得到修饰电极。
实施例2
将壳聚糖溶于质量百分比浓度为1%的盐酸溶液中,得到溶液A;
得到的溶液A中,壳聚糖的质量百分比浓度为1%;
向溶液A中加入染料电子传递媒介体耐尔兰,磁力搅拌1小时,超声10分钟后得到溶液B;
得到的溶液B中,耐尔兰浓度为0.5mg/mL;
向溶液B中加入芦笋过氧化物酶,超声10分钟得到混合酸性溶液;
得到的混合酸性溶液中,芦笋过氧化物酶的浓度为1mg/mL;
将玻碳电极作为阴极置入混合酸性溶液中,在-1.2V电位下电沉积6分钟,壳聚糖、染料电子传递媒介体和酶附着在阴电极表面,得到修饰电极。
实施例3
将壳聚糖溶于质量百分比浓度为2%的盐酸溶液中,得到溶液A;
得到的溶液A中,壳聚糖的质量百分比浓度为1%;
向溶液A中加入染料电子传递媒介体中性红,磁力搅拌3小时,超声20分钟后得到溶液B;
得到的溶液B中,中性红浓度为0.4mg/mL;
向溶液B中加入马铃薯过氧化物酶,超声10分钟后得到混合酸性溶液;
得到的混合酸性溶液中,马铃薯过氧化物酶的浓度为1.5mg/mL。
将铂电极作为阴极置入混合酸性溶液中,在-1.1V电位下电沉积10分钟,壳聚糖、染料电子传递媒介体和酶附着在阴电极表面,得到修饰电极。
Claims (4)
1.一种电沉积壳聚糖-染料-酶复合膜制备修饰电极的方法,将阴电极置入含有壳聚糖、染料电子传递媒介体和过氧化物酶的混合酸性溶液中,通电进行电沉积,壳聚糖、染料电子传递媒介体和酶附着在阴电极表面,得到修饰电极;
所述的混合酸性溶液的配置方法如下:
a)将壳聚糖溶于质量百分比浓度为0.5-2.0%的盐酸溶液中,得到溶液A;
得到的溶液A中壳聚糖的质量百分比浓度为0.5-4.0%;
b)向溶液A中加入染料电子传递媒介体,磁力搅拌1-3小时后,超声分散10-30分钟,得到溶液B;
所述的染料电子传递媒介体为茜素紫、亚甲基兰、耐尔兰或中性红;
在得到的溶液B中,所述的染料电子传递媒介体的浓度为0.05mg/mL-0.5mg/mL;
c)向溶液B中加入过氧化物酶,超声分散10-30分钟,得到混合酸性溶液;
在得到的混合酸性溶液中,所述的过氧化物酶的浓度为0.01-2mg/mL。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的过氧化物酶,为辣根过氧化物酶、芦笋过氧化物酶或马铃薯过氧化物酶。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的阴电极为金、铂、玻碳、导电玻璃或半导体材料。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的电沉积时间为1-20分钟,阴电极电位为-0.5V~-2V。
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