CN101302131B - S type controlled-release urea and preparing method thereof - Google Patents
S type controlled-release urea and preparing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101302131B CN101302131B CN2008101132587A CN200810113258A CN101302131B CN 101302131 B CN101302131 B CN 101302131B CN 2008101132587 A CN2008101132587 A CN 2008101132587A CN 200810113258 A CN200810113258 A CN 200810113258A CN 101302131 B CN101302131 B CN 101302131B
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- release
- release urea
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 207
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 91
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 38
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 13
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 8
- LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N hydrocodone Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)CC(=O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 8
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007931 coated granule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125368 controlled substance Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000599 controlled substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005826 halohydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000004 severe toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000013278 single fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses an S-type controlled release urea and a method for making the same. The S-type controlled release urea comprises urea particles and envelopes which are wrapped on the urea particles, wherein, the material making the envelopes comprises the following compositions by weight portion: 22 to 28 portions of polystyrene foam, 0 to 11 portions of low density polyethylente, 17 to 23 portions of linear low density polyethylene, 35 to 48 portions of inorganic mineral powder, and 3 to 5 portions of starch or modified starch. The S-type controlled release urea has excellent S-type nutrient dissolution mode, intelligently controls the nutrient release time and number, and satisfies different requirements of the agricultural production such as culture of seedling, fertilization in contact and the fertilization for one time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of S type control release urea and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Nitrogen is one of necessary most important nutritive element of plant, and nitrogenous fertilizer has become turnout and all maximum fertilizer variety of amount of application in the world wide.But because irrational fertilization mode and nitrogen very active characteristic (can lose) in soil in producing by approach such as ammonia volatilization, nitration denitrification and nitrate leachings; utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is not high in the global range at present; be about about 50% as developed country's food crop utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer; and the average utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of China food crop is lower; only be about 35%; utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is not high not only to cause the financial loss and the wasting of resources, but also has caused serious environmental pollution day by day.As be discharged into NO in the atmosphere
xAggravation Greenhouse effect, depletion of the ozone layer and acid rain take place, and ammonia volatilization causes that Air quality worsens and destroys natural ecosystems, and nitrate enters groundwater pollution drinking water source and food chain, or enter the semiclosed property water environment of sealing and cause eutrophication.
In order to improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, except continuing to widely popularize the agronomic measures such as technique of balanced fertilizer and promotion nitrogenous fertilizer deep placement, the development of new nitrogen fertilizers is the focus and the difficult point of the current research that applies fertilizers scientifically with efficient fertilizer practice, and wherein the sustained-controll-release fertiliser development problem low with being developed as the solution utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer proposed new thinking and approach.In various sustained-controll-release fertilisers, polymer coated controlled release fertilizer is the more suitable nutrient demand that satisfies crop growth period with the accurate sustained release of nutrient again, and therefore, the tempo of polymer coated controlled release fertilizer is very fast in recent years.
Coating controlled-release fertilizer is divided into straight line by its nutrient release mode and discharges (L type) and postpone to discharge (S type) two classes, with respect to the characteristics that conventional L type controlled release fertilizer nutrient at the uniform velocity discharges, the nutrient release mode of S type controlled release fertilizer is by forming the extremely low inhibition period of nutrient stripping quantity and the release period of nutrient snap-out release.Because most crops meet S type feature to the demand characteristic of macroelement such as nitrogen, therefore according to the nutrient demand rule of crop growth period, with S type controlled release fertilizer, L type controlled release fertilizer and quick-acting chemical fertilizer reasonable compatibility, just can make special-purpose fertilizer at certain specific crop, this special-purpose fertile nutrient discharges and supply model can be identical with the regulation of fertilizer requirement of crop, it is synchronous to accomplish that really nutrient discharges with the crop absorption, thereby realizes the maximization and the environmental friendliness of nutrientuse efficiency.In addition, because the initial stage nutrient stripping quantity of S type controlled release fertilizer is few, when therefore on some crop, using this fertilizer in a large number, can directly it be contacted with seed or root system and use, thereby further promote the efficient absorption of crop root to the stripping nutrient, its application has also brought the revolution of fertilizer practice as the fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes simultaneously.
At in producing to the tight demand of this high-efficient controlled release fertilizer, since the last century the nineties, with (the Chisso Co. of Japanese Chisso Corporation (JP) 6-32, Nakanoshima 3-chome, Kitaku, Osaka, Japan, Ltd) for some Japanese firms of representative developed in succession have the delay release characteristic (S type) the polyolefine coated fertilizer and realize industrialization, and the fertile patent disclosure of making of a collection of S type controlled release is arranged successively, and as JP 2002-234790, CN 1749220A, JP 2004-217434, JP 2000-185991.
From the proportioning of external S type capsule for controlled release fertilizer material as can be seen, the coating layer material is made up of two portions, and a part is the controlled substance resinous principle, and another part is subsidiary material mineral powder and cereal starch.The used auxiliary material of various coated products changes little, and the key distinction is on the resin choice.As having used four kinds of fluoropolymer resins in the JP 2002-234790 patent, be respectively 1. low molecular polyethylene: weight-average molecular weight is 910, and melt mass flow rate is 2.3g/10min; 2. a kind of thermoplastic elastomer resin: weight-average molecular weight 130,000, melt mass flow rate are 0.5g/10min; 3. new LDPE (film grade): weight-average molecular weight 74,000; 4. ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, weight-average molecular weight 205,000.Planting resin with first three in the material therefor is main raw.
Japan Chisso Corporation (JP) 6-32, Nakanoshima 3-chome, Kitaku, Osaka, Japan is at China disclosed S type coating patent CN1749220A, and used resin material is as follows: 1. low density ethylene homo: weight-average molecular weight is 100,000-300, and between 000, and the ratio of weight-average molecular weight and number-average molecular weight is 3-6; Wherein molecular weight is below 3% less than 10,000 composition; Melt mass flow rate is 0.1-2g/10min; 2. ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer: weight-average molecular weight 50,000, wherein main raw is a low density polyethylene homopolymer.
Japanese Patent JP 2004-217434 discloses a kind of manufacture method of coated granule potash fertilizer of S type release.Material therefor has 1. new LDPE (film grade): weight-average molecular weight 74,000, water vapour permeability are 0.016g/cm
2D, 140 ℃ of fusing points; 2. ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer: water vapour permeability is 0.083g/cm
2D, weight-average molecular weight 205,000.
Japanese Patent JP 2000-185991 discloses the resin material prescription that a kind of granulated fertilizer S type discharges.Used resin material has only a kind of new LDPE (film grade): density 0.922g/cm that is
3, melt mass flow rate is 7.0g/10min.
More than the used adjunct ingredient difference of each patent little, based on talcum powder and starch.
Material therefor is based on new LDPE (film grade) in the Japanese Patent, mainly screen from weight-average molecular weight and two indexs of melt mass flow rate, used polythene material weight-average molecular weight luffing broad is 910-300,000, the melt mass flow rate luffing is 0.1-7.0g/10min, select in strictness to use different technology controlling and process and equipment and all can produce coated product on the basis of coated fertilizer nuclear core profile with S type release profiles.Its key distinction is the prescription of coated fertilizer.The main drawback that above-mentioned each S type release and release control fertilizer exists is that every kind of resin material is all had strict character requirement, and the intermediates of some or even chemical enterprise are not easy to obtain generally speaking; The dressing solvent that uses in the described in addition products production such as benzene, dimethylbenzene and halohydrocarbon have severe toxicity even now forbid both at home and abroad, and be therefore very high to the sealing requirements of production unit, thereby increased the equipment input cost.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of S type control release urea and preparation method thereof.
S type control release urea provided by the present invention comprises urea granules and the coating that is wrapped in the urea granules surface; Wherein, the material of making coating comprises the material of following portions by weight ratio:
Polystyrene foam 22-28 part;
New LDPE (film grade) 0-11 part;
Linear low density polyethylene 17-23 part;
Inorganic mineral powder 35-48 part;
Starch or treated starch 3-5 part.
Described polystyrene foam is a waste polystyrene foam.
Described inorganic mineral powder can be the powder of one or more arbitrary combination in talcum, diatomite, lime carbonate, wollastonite, wilkinite and the zeolite.
The particle diameter of described urea granules is 2-3mm, and the size of described inorganic mineral powder is 1500 orders-3000 orders.
Described coating and described granular urea ratio of weight and number can be 10-20: 80-90; Be preferably 11-15: 85-89.
Described talcum powder and starch can be buied by market, and wherein the talcum powder fineness is the 1500-3000 order; Starch adds properties-correcting agent and is heated to constant temperature in high-speed mixer, keep that discharging promptly obtains treated starch after 15-20 minute.
The preparation method of above-mentioned S type control release urea provided by the present invention, be that the above-mentioned material of making coating is joined in the organic solvent, be heated to 130-140 ℃ of stirring and obtain containing the described material total concn of making coating the dispersed system liquid that is 45-60g/L, then according to the ratio of weight and number of the described material of making coating and urea granules be 10-20: 80-90 amount with described dispersed system liquid spray to the urea granules surface and the dry organic solvent of removing obtain S type control release urea.
In the described method, described organic solvent is preferably turps.
In the described method, the method of described spraying is that urea granules is placed the dressing tower, and to blast temperature from described dressing tower bottom be that 95-110 ℃ hot blast makes urea granules be in flow state, the described dispersed system liquid that with temperature is 130-140 ℃ then is that the speed of 65-108ml/min is sprayed onto the urea granules surface that is in flow state with the feed liquor flow velocity, dryly simultaneously removes organic solvent and obtains S type control release urea.
In the described method, the blast of the hot blast that described dressing tower bottom blasts is 19.6KPa, and wind speed is 10m/s (wind speed herein and blast are meant the numerical value of dressing tower bottom ingress), and air quantity is 4-5m
3/ min.
S type control release urea of the present invention is by waste polystyrene foam and the high slightly new LDPE (film grade) masterbatch of molecular weight, and the prescription coating that the linear low density polyethylene with excellent environmental stress crack resistance forms forms, can not only impel rete to combine with particle surface closely, and the nutrient with excellence hinders the control function, press down the short film layer structure in back before after adding starch or treated starch and inorganic mineral powder, constituting, make S type control release urea of the present invention have excellent S type nutrient stripping pattern, intelligent control nutrient time of releasing and quantity, satisfy the different demands of agriculture production, as grow seedlings, contact fertilising and single fertilization.Experiment showed, S type control release urea of the present invention, fertilizer releasing period can reach 139 days, and inhibition period, the ratio with the stripping phase was 0.39.
The method for preparing S type control release urea of the present invention, the coating material that can extensively obtain on the application market, and used novel low poison solvent, the cost of material is low in use, easy and simple to handle, utilize the dressing tower that urea granules is carried out coating, and be provided with ginseng speed such as blast temperature, wind speed, hydrojet flow, make coating more even, the smooth surface unanimity.
The S type control release urea of the present invention's preparation, owing to can give full play to the synchronism that nitrogen supply and crop nutrition content absorb, thereby the utilising efficiency that can improve nitrogenous fertilizer significantly reduces nitrogen nutrient to be lost in the environment, significant for control farmland pollution of area source.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is polymer capsule S type control release urea 1-4
#Bubble method nutrient discharges dynamically
Fig. 2 is a coating controlled-release fertilizer production equipment synoptic diagram of the present invention
Embodiment
Exist release in early stage very fast for solving based on linear pattern polymer capsule urea, be difficult to form the problem that suppresses release period, the present inventor has done a large amount of screenings and compatibility work to polymer materials, found by waste polystyrene foam and the high slightly new LDPE (film grade) masterbatch of molecular weight, and prescription with linear low density polyethylene formation of excellent environmental stress crack resistance, being used for coating can not only impel rete to combine with particle surface closely, and the nutrient with excellence hinders the control function, press down the short film layer structure in back before after adding starch or treated starch and inorganic mineral powder, constituting, form complete coated fertilizer prescription at last.With following embodiment is example, after illustrating that the present invention has selected the material of coating and being uniformly dispersed with the rational proportion mixed dissolution, and the effect of the coated carbamide that the coating urea granules obtains.
Method among the following embodiment if no special instructions, is ordinary method.
Percentage composition among the following embodiment if no special instructions, is the quality percentage composition.
The preparation of embodiment 1, S type control release urea
1, the preparation of coating liquid
Measure solvent turps (density 0.865g/cm
3, boiling point 158-162 ℃, Fujian, the place of production) 2.50L adding dissolving filling (shown in 5 among Fig. 2).Accurate weighing waste polystyrene foam (waste recovery company in market buys) 40.0g, linear low density polyethylene (injection grade, melt flow rate (MFR) 0.7g/10min; Available from Sinopec company) 30.0g, treated starch 5g (200-300 order, W-Gum is added properties-correcting agent (aluminate coupling agent in high-speed mixer, Fujian Normal University polymer demonstration plant produces) and be heated to 110 ℃ of constant temperature, keep that discharging promptly obtains treated starch after 15-20 minute), after adding dissolving filling is stirred and is warming up to 130 ℃ together, thermostatically heating stir about 1h, polymkeric substance dissolves the back fully and adds talcum powder 70g (1500 order), it is even to be warming up to 140 ℃ of insulated and stirred, obtain homodisperse dispersed system, promptly obtain coating liquid, be used for the coating operation.
2, the preparation of S type control release urea
Adopt spouted bed that granular urea is carried out coating and apply, apply spouted bed apparatus sketch as shown in Figure 2, this applying device comprises dressing tower 3, hydrocone type nozzle 4, air compressor 6, gas blower 8, airheater 7 and cooling withdrawer 9; Wherein, dressing tower 3 comprises the tubulose guiding device 2 of being located at its bottom, opening for feed 1 and discharge port 10, the upper end of dressing tower 3 is connected with cooling withdrawer 9, be used to reclaim the solvent of dressing solution, hydrocone type nozzle 4 is located at the bottom of described dressing tower 3, be connected with the dissolving vessel 5 that coating liquid is housed with air compressor 6, the pressure that produces by air compressor 6 sprays to the coating liquid in the dissolving vessel 5 in the dressing tower 3, the lower end of dressing tower 3 is connected with hot air blower (comprising airheater 7 and gas blower 8), gas blower 8 blasts airheater 7 with air, blasts after heating and promotes the urea granules motion in the dressing tower 3.
When above-mentioned coating unit is worked, add granular urea by opening for feed, blasting hot blast by gas blower 8 and airheater 7 makes the urea granules in the dressing tower be flow state, by hydrocone type nozzle 4 and air compressor 6 coating liquid of dissolving vessel 5 is sprayed into and to be coated to mobile urea granules surface in the dressing tower 3, the cooling withdrawer 9 of dressing tower top connection begins to reclaim solvent simultaneously, collects the S type control release urea that has applied coated fertilizer from discharge port after spraying finishes.Among Fig. 2, T
1Expression coating liquid temperature, T
2Expression dry-heat air temperature, Q represents hot air flow.
In the present embodiment, dressing tower 3 high 265cm, tower wide (diameter) 24cm; The hydrocone type nozzle is interior mixed type gas-liquid two-phase nozzle, and nozzle bore is 1.6mm; The tubulose guiding device is the cylinder shape tubular channel in the dressing tower, diameter 8cm, high 40cm; Airheater can reach the purpose (0-200 ℃ of Heating temperature scope, power 15Kw) of air in the water back, and gas blower is available from the air-blower plant, Tianjin.
(nitrogen content is 46% to the weighing granular urea, particle diameter 2-3mm, Shandong China Shandong Hengsheng chemical company produces) 1.00kg, open hot air blower (comprising airheater 7 and gas blower 8), the granular urea that weighs up is added dressing tower 3 from opening for feed 1, and the control hot air flowrate is 4.90-4.95m
3/ min, blast are 19.6KPa, and wind speed is 10m/s, and blast temperature is 95-110 ℃ of (T
2), at this moment, the temperature of the granular urea in the dressing tower 3 is 60-70 ℃ (a thermocouple temperature probe thermometric), and the temperature of the coating liquid of step 1 preparation in the dissolving vessel 5 is controlled at 130-140 ℃ of (T
1), open hydrocone type nozzle 4 and keep solution temperature to stablize (intelligent temperature control system), open air compressor 6 and begin to spray coating liquid, feed liquor flow velocity 108ml/min, the coating liquid spraying finished air blast again after one minute, closed gas blower, and the coating process is after about 23 minutes, open discharge port 10 and emit the urea S type control release urea 1.05kg that gets product, it is numbered 1
#After the accurate weighing 5.000g pulverizing of finished product S type control release urea with gained, water fully dissolves and washes away the removal urea fertilizer, and the remaining coating that is will be weighed after its thorough drying, and the weight divided by the finished product S type control release urea of being got promptly obtains the dressing rate.The result show above-mentioned obtain 1
#The dressing rate of finished product S type control release urea is 14.9%.
The bubble method is tested the different time stripping quantity of above-mentioned S type control release urea, and concrete grammar is: take by weighing above-mentioned S type control release urea 1
#10.00g, in the nylon net bag of packing into, bag is placed in the Plastic Bottle, add 250ml distilled water then, build bottle cap, put into 25 ℃ thermostat container.If 2 repetitions.Early stage, sampling was according to the 1st, 3,7,14,17,21, carried out at interval in 28 days, and when taking a sample at every turn, nylon net bag was taken out the Plastic Bottle of putting into new prior adding distilled water continue to soak, the vat liquor that soaked in the Plastic Bottle of S type control release urea is shaken up back sampling and measuring urea content, calculate the plain stripping ratio of N.The long later stage sampling of release period is determined sample time according to rate of release.Determination of Urea adopts dimethylamino formaldehyde-spectrophotometry.
The result is shown in table 1 and Fig. 1 (nutrient cumulative release curve).The result show above-mentioned prepare be numbered 1
#S type control release urea, release period is 65 days, inhibition period, (nutrient stripping accumulation reached 5% fate, actual nutrient stripping can not obtain 5% when measuring accurately, therefore characterizing inhibition period with measurement result near 5%) nutrient release amount accumulative total is 4.97%, inhibition period and the stripping phase ratio of (finishing to reach 80% fate to the nutrient stripping from inhibition period) is 0.44.
Table 1 polymer capsule S type control release urea 1-4
#Bubble method test result
| S type control release urea numbering | The plain ratio (%) of stripping N on the 1st | Inhibition period d1 (my god) | Stripping phase d2 (my god) | d1/d2 | D1+d2 (my god) |
| 1 # | 0.26 | 20 | 45 | 0.44 | 65 |
| 2 # | 0.32 | 23 | 61 | 0.38 | 84 |
| 3 # | 0.25 | 31 | 74 | 0.42 | 105 |
| 4 # | 0.17 | 39 | 100 | 0.39 | 139 |
Annotate: inhibition period: 1-4
#S type control release urea nutrient stripping accumulation reaches 4.97%, 4.02%, 4.99% or 4.28% fate respectively; The stripping phase: finish to reach 80% fate to the nutrient stripping from inhibition period.
The preparation of embodiment 2, S type control release urea
1, the preparation of coating liquid
Measure solvent turps (density 0.865g/cm
3, boiling point 158-162 ℃, Fujian, the place of production) 3.00L adding dissolving filling.Accurate weighing waste polystyrene foam (waste recovery company in market buys) 40.0g, new LDPE (film grade) (model-1F7B, melt flow rate (MFR) 7.0g/10min; Available from Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Company) 10g, linear low density polyethylene (injection grade, melt flow rate (MFR) 0.7g/10min; Available from Sinopec company) 30.0g, treated starch 6g (200-300 order, W-Gum is added properties-correcting agent (aluminate coupling agent in high-speed mixer, Fujian Normal University polymer demonstration plant produces) and be heated to 110 ℃ of constant temperature, keep that discharging promptly obtains treated starch after 15-20 minute), after adding dissolving filling (shown in 5 among Fig. 2) is stirred and is warming up to 130 ℃ together, thermostatically heating stir about 1h, polymkeric substance dissolves the back fully and adds talcum powder 60g (1500 order), be warming up to 140 ℃ of insulated and stirred, obtain homodisperse dispersed system, promptly obtain coating liquid, be used for the coating operation.
2, the preparation of S type control release urea
(contain the N amount is 46% to the weighing granular urea, particle diameter 2-3mm, Shandong China Shandong Hengsheng chemical company produces) 1.00kg, method according to the step 2 of embodiment 1 is carried out coating, open hot air blower (comprising airheater 7 and gas blower 8), the granular urea that weighs up is added in the dressing tower of the spouted bed apparatus of the described overlay film of step 2 of embodiment 1, the control hot air flowrate is 4.90-4.95m
3/ min, blast are 19.6KPa, and wind speed is 10m/s, and blast temperature is 100-105 ℃ of (T
2), at this moment, the temperature of the granular urea in the dressing tower 3 is 60-70 ℃ (a thermocouple temperature probe thermometric), and the temperature of the coating liquid of step 1 preparation in the dissolving vessel 5 is controlled at 130-140 ℃ of (T
1), open hydrocone type nozzle 4 and keep solution temperature to stablize (intelligent temperature control system), open air compressor 6 and begin to spray coating liquid, feed liquor flow velocity 86ml/min, the coating liquid spraying finished air blast again after one minute, closed gas blower, and the coating process is after about 35 minutes, open discharge port 10 and emit the urea S type control release urea 1.07kg that gets product, it is numbered 2
#After the accurate weighing 5.000g pulverizing of finished product S type control release urea with gained, water fully dissolves and washes away the removal urea fertilizer, and the remaining coating that is will be weighed after its thorough drying, and the weight divided by the finished product S type control release urea of being got promptly obtains the dressing rate.The result show above-mentioned obtain 2
#The dressing rate of finished product S type control release urea is 10.6%.
Measure the different time nutrient stripping quantity of above-mentioned S type control release urea according to the method for the step 2 of embodiment 1, the result is as shown in table 1, nutrient cumulative release curve as shown in Figure 1, the result shows that gained is numbered 2
#S type control release urea, the product release period is 84 days, inhibition period, (nutrient stripping accumulation reached 5% fate, actual nutrient stripping can not obtain 5% when measuring accurately, therefore characterizing inhibition period with measurement result near 5%) nutrient measures that to discharge accumulative total be 4.02%, and inhibition period and the stripping phase ratio of (finishing to reach 80% fate to the nutrient stripping from inhibition period) is 0.38.
The preparation of embodiment 3, S type control release urea
1, the preparation of coating liquid
Measure solvent turps (density 0.865g/cm
3, boiling point 158-162 ℃, Fujian, the place of production) 3.00L adding dissolving filling.Accurate weighing waste polystyrene foam (waste recovery company in market buys) 40.0g, new LDPE (film grade) (model-1F7B, melt flow rate (MFR) 7.0g/10min; Available from Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Company) 10g, linear low density polyethylene (injection grade, melt flow rate (MFR) 0.7g/10min; Available from Sinopec company) 30.0g, treated starch 5g (200-300 order, W-Gum is added properties-correcting agent (aluminate coupling agent in high-speed mixer, Fujian Normal University polymer demonstration plant produces) and be heated to 110 ℃ of constant temperature, keep that discharging promptly obtains treated starch after 15-20 minute), after adding dissolving filling (shown in 5 among Fig. 2) is stirred and is warming up to 130 ℃ together, thermostatically heating stir about 1h, polymkeric substance dissolves the back fully and adds talcum powder 60g (1500 order), it is even to be warming up to 140 ℃ of insulated and stirred, obtain homodisperse dispersed system, promptly obtain coating liquid, be used for the coating operation.
2, the preparation of S type control release urea
(nitrogen content is 46% to the weighing granular urea, particle diameter 2-3mm, Shandong China Shandong Hengsheng chemical company produces) 1.00kg, method according to the step 2 of embodiment 1 is carried out coating, open hot air blower (comprising airheater 7 and gas blower 8), the granular urea that weighs up is added in the dressing tower of the spouted bed apparatus of the described overlay film of step 2 of embodiment 1, the control hot air flowrate is 4.90-4.95m
3/ min, blast are 19.6KPa, and wind speed is 10m/s, and blast temperature is 105-110 ℃ of (T
2), at this moment, the temperature of the granular urea in the dressing tower 3 is 60-70 ℃ (a thermocouple temperature probe thermometric), and the temperature of the coating liquid of step 1 preparation in the dissolving vessel 5 is controlled at 130-140 ℃ of (T
1), open hydrocone type nozzle 4 and keep temperature-stable (intelligent temperature control system), open air compressor 6 and begin to spray coating liquid, feed liquor flow velocity 86ml/min, the coating liquid spraying finished air blast again after one minute, closed gas blower, about 35 minutes of coating process, open discharge port 10 and emit the urea S type control release urea 1.05kg that gets product, it is numbered 3
#After the accurate weighing 5.000g pulverizing of finished product S type control release urea with gained, water fully dissolves and washes away the removal urea fertilizer, and the remaining coating that is will be weighed after its thorough drying, and the weight divided by the finished product S type control release urea of being got promptly obtains the dressing rate.The result show above-mentioned obtain 3
#The dressing rate of finished product S type control release urea is 10.4%.
Measure the different time nutrient stripping quantity of above-mentioned S type control release urea according to the method for the step 2 of embodiment 1, the result is as shown in table 1, nutrient cumulative release curve as shown in Figure 1, the result shows that gained is numbered 3
#S type control release urea, fertilizer releasing period is 105 days, inhibition period, (nutrient stripping accumulation reached 5% fate, actual nutrient stripping can not obtain 5% when measuring accurately, therefore characterizing inhibition period with measurement result near 5%) nutrient measures that to discharge accumulative total be 4.99%, and inhibition period and the stripping phase ratio of (finishing to reach 80% fate to the nutrient stripping from inhibition period) is 0.42.
The preparation of embodiment 4, S type control release urea
1, the preparation of coating liquid
Measure solvent turps (density 0.865g/cm
3, boiling point 158-162 ℃, Fujian, the place of production) 3.00L adding dissolving filling (shown in 5 among Fig. 2).Accurate weighing waste polystyrene foam (waste recovery company in market buys) 35.0g, new LDPE (film grade) (model-1F7B, melt flow rate (MFR) 7.0g/10min; Available from Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Company) 15g, linear low density polyethylene (injection grade, melt flow rate (MFR) 0.7g/10min; Available from Sinopec company) 30.0g, W-Gum 7g (200-300 order), after adding dissolving filling (shown in 5 among Fig. 2) is stirred and is warming up to 130 ℃ together, thermostatically heating stir about 1h, polymkeric substance dissolves the back fully and adds talcum powder 50g (1500 order), and it is even to be warming up to 140 ℃ of insulated and stirred, obtains homodisperse dispersed system, promptly obtain coating liquid, be used for the coating operation.
2, the preparation of S type control release urea
(nitrogen content is 46% to the weighing granular urea, particle diameter 2-3mm, available from middleization-sky ridge chemical company) 1.00kg, method according to the step 2 of embodiment 1 is carried out coating, open hot air blower (comprising airheater 7 and gas blower 8), the granular urea that weighs up is added in the dressing tower of the spouted bed apparatus of the described overlay film of step 2 of embodiment 1, the control hot air flowrate is 4.95-5.01m
3/ min, blast are 19.6KPa, and wind speed is 10m/s, and blast temperature is 105-110 ℃ of (T
2), at this moment, the temperature of the granular urea in the dressing tower 3 is 60-70 ℃ (a thermocouple temperature probe thermometric), and the temperature of the coating liquid of step 1 preparation in the dissolving vessel 5 is controlled at 130-140 ℃ of (T
1), open hydrocone type nozzle 4 and keep solution temperature to stablize (intelligent temperature control system), open air compressor 6 and begin to spray coating liquid, feed liquor flow velocity 100ml/min, the coating liquid spraying finished air blast again after one minute, closed gas blower, about 30 minutes of coating process, open discharge port 10 and emit the urea S type control release urea 1.08kg that gets product, it is numbered 4
#After the accurate weighing 5.000g pulverizing of finished product S type control release urea with gained, water fully dissolves and washes away the removal urea fertilizer, and the remaining coating that is will be weighed after its thorough drying, and the weight divided by the finished product S type control release urea of being got promptly obtains the dressing rate.The result show above-mentioned obtain 4
#The dressing rate of finished product S type control release urea is 13.4%.
Measure the different time nutrient stripping quantity of above-mentioned S type control release urea according to the method for the step 2 of embodiment 1, the result is as shown in table 1, nutrient cumulative release curve as shown in Figure 1, the result shows that gained is numbered 4
#S type control release urea, fertilizer releasing period is 139 days, inhibition period, (nutrient stripping accumulation reached 5% fate, actual nutrient stripping can not obtain 5% when measuring accurately, therefore characterizing inhibition period with measurement result near 5%) nutrient measures that to discharge accumulative total be 4.28%, and inhibition period and the stripping phase ratio of (finishing to reach 80% fate to the nutrient stripping from inhibition period) is 0.39.
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| CN101462907B (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2012-12-26 | 北京市农林科学院 | Coated compound fertilizer and preparation thereof |
| CN102464506A (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-23 | 山东华垦化肥进出口有限公司 | Production process of temperature-controlled slow-release fertilizer |
| CN102101810B (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2014-01-15 | 北京市农林科学院 | <15>N isotope labeled coated release-control fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103242094B (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2014-09-24 | 北京市农林科学院 | A kind of fertilizer coating method |
| CN103288543B (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2015-04-01 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Tobacco-coated controlled-release fertilizer as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104513109A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-15 | 韩兆龙 | Double temperature insect-expelling slow-release fertilizer production process |
| CN103589182A (en) * | 2013-10-19 | 2014-02-19 | 安徽美翔塑业有限公司 | Environment-friendly plastic bag |
| CN104557323B (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2017-05-10 | 北京富特来复合肥料有限公司 | Degradable resin coating material and application thereof |
| CN104987867A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-10-21 | 耿跃 | Paddy field soil amendment |
| CN107903477A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-13 | 全椒县三安塑业有限公司 | A kind of degradable polyethylene plastic bag of environmental protection |
| CN108059759A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-05-22 | 张�浩 | A kind of nanometer of flexible film and preparation method thereof of spraying |
| CN109438094A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-08 | 北京市农林科学院 | S type Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer and L-type rice controlled release special fertilizer and its application in rice cropping |
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