CN101300963A - Cultivation method of mud crab in autumn and winter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating mud crabs in autumn and winter, relating to a method for cultivating mud crabs. A method for cultivating mud crabs in autumn and winter integrating single-sex breeding, overwintering, fattening and red breeding of mud crabs is provided. Drain the water in the breeding pond and expose it to the sun until the bottom mud cracks. Before stocking, clear the pond with quicklime, filter the water with the water inlet net, and fertilize the pond water; select mating female crabs after the beginning of autumn and confirm mating female crabs; stocking density : 2.2 to 4.5 birds/m ² ; the breeding time is from early October to early November in the Gregorian calendar, the mating season is from late January to early February of the following year, and the breeding cycle is 3 to 3.5 months; water quality requirements: temperature is 30 to 5 ℃, salinity 6-15, pH 7.8-8.5, transparency 30-40cm; daily water exchange rate 20%-50%, every 10-20 days melt quicklime and add water to the whole pool to splash, the quantity of quicklime is 0.02-0.03 kg/m ³ pond water; bait was fed once a day.

Description

Cultivation method of mud crab in autumn and winter

technical field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating blue crabs, in particular to a method for cultivating fattening cream from newly mated female crabs in autumn and winter.

Background technique

Scylla paramamosain Estampador (1949), commonly known as blue crab, is a kind of crab with large size, fast growth, strong adaptability, delicious meat, rich nutrition, resistance to dry dew, easy transportation, nourishing and strengthening, and high economic value. It is an important marine cultured crab with special characteristics, which is favored by domestic and foreign producers and consumers. It is known as "sea ginseng". It is not only a traditional famous dish and delicious food in my country, but also a good tonic. my country has a breeding history of more than 100 years. As early as 1890, Humen, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province began to fatten and raise blue crabs. By the 1960s and 1970s, blue crab farming had developed greatly in the southeast coast of my country, especially in Guangdong. Since the 1980s, with the promotion of artificial seedling breeding and breeding technology of blue crabs, its breeding industry has developed vigorously in the southeastern coastal provinces of my country, especially in Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Hainan and other regions. Enthusiasm is high, the breeding area is expanding day by day, the breeding output is increasing, and the breeding efficiency is constantly improving. Especially in the past 10 years, blue crabs have moved north to Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin, Liaoning and other places for domestication, and have achieved success, which has more effectively promoted the formation and development of the blue crab farming industry. Blue crabs have become an important species of mariculture in my country. one.

The research reports on the biology of blue crabs can be described as relatively systematic and comprehensive ([1] Li Shaojing, Wang Guizhong, et al. Biology of blue crabs and artificial breeding and cultivation techniques [M], Xiamen: Xiamen University Press, 2007), There are many reports about the breeding mode alone. Feng Xingqian et al. ([2] Feng Xingqian, Fang Jiazhong. Blue crab breeding technology [M]. Zhejiang Science and Technology Press. 1994) and Zhang Wanlong ([3] Zhang Wanlong. Blue crab artificial breeding technology [M]. Aquatic Science, 1999, 13 (1)) introduced the general biology of mud crab and its common farming methods such as pond formula and purse seine formula. Zhang Yihao et al. ([4] Zhang Yihao, Yan Shanyu, Wang Weigen. Contrastive experiment of blue crab altar culture and pond culture [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Fisheries University, 1995, 14(3): 186; [5] Zhang Yihao, Fang Jiazhong. Coastal tidal flats Crab pot culture research [J]. Zhejiang University of Fisheries, 1997, 16 (2): 109-115) reported the results of coastal mud crab pot culture. Chen Fan ([6] Chen Fan. The test of raising crabs in the cages with honeycomb crab nests, Aquatic Science and Technology Information, 2001, 28 (2): 77-78) set the cages with honeycomb crab nests to raise crabs. Ding Lifa. et al. ([7] Ding Lifa. Zhu Junquan, Ye Ronghua, et al. Research on mudflat low-dam and high-net culture technology for mud crabs [J]. Qilu Fishery, 2003, 20 (1): 19-20) reported the tidal flat Techniques for culturing mud crabs with low dams and high nets. Zhou Weiwu et al. ([8] Zhou Weiwu, Jiang Qiping, Zheng Chunbo, et al. Feasibility Analysis of Blue Crab Shallow Sea Hanging Cage Culture [J]. Qilu Fishery, 2005, 22(8): 29-30) analyzed the shallow sea hanging cage culture of blue crab feasibility. Chen Weijing ([9] Chen Weijing. The design of anti-escape facilities in crab ponds [J]. Aquaculture, 2003, 24 (6): 20-22.) developed the anti-escape facilities for blue crab pond culture. Yang Peigen ([10] Yang Peigen, Li Chenhong. The molting and growth of Chinese mitten crabs in cages [J]. Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University, 1998, 7(2): 158-161) reported the molting under cage conditions. shell and growth. Wang Yu ([11] Wang Yu. Breeding and fattening of blue crabs in the Indo-Pacific region [J]. World Agriculture, 1994 (6): 42), Xie Yingliang ([12] Xie Yingliang. Southeast Asian blue crab Scyllaserrata ( ) breeding [J]. Modern Fishery Information, 1994, 9(2): 27-29) and Xie Yingliang et al. Fishery Information, 2004, 19(1): 14-17) successively introduced the general situation, research status and development trend of Indo-Pacific region, Southeast Asia and countries where blue crabs are naturally distributed. The author has reported relevant research results successively: Domestication of Scylla serrata parent crabs ([14] Lin Qiongwu, Li Shaojing, Zeng Chaoshu, Wang Guizhong. Experimental research on the domestication of Scylla serrata parent crabs, Fujian Fisheries, 1994 (1): 13-17 ), cultivation of Scylla serrata megalopa in earthen ponds ([15] Lin Qiongwu, Wang Guizhong, Li Shaojing, Zeng Zhaoshu. Experimental research on cultivation of Scylla serrata megalopa in earthen ponds, Freshwater Fisheries, 1996, 26 (Supplement): 199- 202), the autumn seedlings of Scylla serrata overwinter in earthen ponds in southern Fujian ([16] Wang Guizhong, Lin Qiongwu, Li Shaojing, etc. Experimental research on the overwintering of Scylla serrata seedlings in earthen ponds, Taiwan Strait, 1998, 17(4): 468-472 ), the comparison of metamorphosis rate difference between Scylla serrata megalopa between nursery pond and outdoor earthen pond ([17] Lin Qiongwu, Wang Guizhong, Li Shaojing. Comparison of Chinese Aquatic Sciences, 2000, 7(3): 113-114), Scylla serrata and Penaeus monodon northward culture experiment ([18] Lin Qiongwu, Li Shaojing, Wang Guizhong. Scylla serrata and Penaeus monodon northward Transplantation breeding experiment [J]. Fujian Aquaculture, 2005, (4): 39-42), Experimental research on individual cages of blue crabs in indoor cement pools ([19] Wei Jianqun, Lin Qiongwu, Chen Xuelei, etc. Indoor single individual blue crabs Experimental research on three-dimensional cage culture [J]. Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science Edition) 2007, 46 (2): 228-253), the influence of different factors on the survival rate of young mud crabs under facility culture conditions ([20 ] Zhang Lili, Lin Qiongwu, Chen Xuelei, etc. Effects of different factors on the survival rate of young blue crabs under facility culture conditions ^* [J]. Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science Edition) 2007). Foreign scholar Clive P. Keenan ([21] Clive P. Keenan. The Fourth Species of Scylla. Mud Crab Aquaculture and Biology [C]. Canberra: Australian Center for International Agricultural Research. 1999: 48-58) reported that Scylla is divided into Taxonomy, culture and biology of the four species, and a review of the past, present and future of mud crab (Scylla serrata/) culture. Jerome G. Genodepa ([22] Clive P. Keenan. Aquaculture of the Mud Crab, Scylla serrata--Past, Present and Future. Mud Crab Aquaculture and Biology [C]. 1999: 9-13) reported sawing in the mangrove area The situation of mud crab seine culture. Avelino T. Trino ([23] Jerome G. Genodepa. Pen Culture Experiments of the Mud Crab Scylla serrata in Mangrove Areas. Mud crab Aquaculture and Biology [C]. 1999: 89-94) Monosexual culture at stocking density. Renato F. Agbayani ([25] Renato F. Agbayani, Dan D. Baliao ^* , Giselle PBSamonte, Reuel E. Tumaliuan and Romeo D. Caturao. Economic feasibility analysis of the monoculture of mudcrab (Scylla serrata) Forsskal Aquaculture 1990, 91, ( 3-4), 223-231) The economic feasibility of monoculture of Scylla cerevisiae. Yet there is not yet a culture method that integrates single-sex culture, overwintering, fattening and red breeding of mud crabs.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating mud crabs in autumn and winter, which integrates single-sex breeding, overwintering, fattening and red breeding of mud crabs.

The present invention comprises the following steps:

1) Preparation before breeding: Drain the water in the breeding pond and expose it to the sun until the bottom mud cracks. Before stocking, use quicklime to clear the pond to kill harmful fish and harmful microorganisms, improve the bottom quality of the breeding pond, and use the water inlet net to filter Water, fertilize, cultivate pond water;

2) Select mating female crabs after the beginning of autumn and female crabs that have been confirmed to have mated;

3) Stocking density: 2.2~4.5/m ² ;

4) Breeding time: from the first ten days of October to the first ten days of November of the Gregorian calendar, the mating season to the last ten days of January to the first ten days of February of the following year, and the breeding cycle is 3 to 3.5 months;

5) Water quality requirements: temperature is 30-5°C, salinity is 6-15, pH 7.8-8.5;

6) Daily management: daily water change of 20% to 50%, every half a month to fully drain the dry dew 1 to 2 times, set up an aerator for 3 to 5 acres; use quicklime to melt every 10 to 20 days Sprinkle the whole pond with water, the amount of quicklime is 0.02-0.03kg/m ³ of pond water; the bait is mainly small miscellaneous fish, and it is fed once a day, according to the mass percentage, the amount of feeding is 2% to 5% of the blue crab stock in the pond .

It is best to use 50-60kg quicklime clear pond per mu 10-15 days before stocking; it is best to use a 60-mesh water inlet net to filter the water with a water level of 60cm; the water depth is the best At 1.5-2.0m, the breeding pond is preferably a water pond in the estuary area. The best time to fully drain every half a month is on days with astronomical spring tides and better weather conditions. Dry dew can promote the activities of blue crabs and increase food intake. The stocking density is 2.2~4.5/m ² , which is equivalent to 500~1000kg/mu. The transparency of the water in the water quality requirements is preferably 30-40cm.

Because the present invention drains the water in the culture pond and exposes it to the sun until the bottom mud cracks, and clears the pond with quicklime before breeding, it can kill harmful fish and harmful microorganisms, and improve the bottom quality of the culture pond. Due to the choice of mating female crabs after the beginning of autumn and female crabs that have been confirmed to have mated, female crabs with complete appendages and healthy bodies are selected for fattening and fattening, taking advantage of the natural law of the gradual decline in temperature in autumn and winter and the fact that female crabs generally do not shed after mating Due to the physiological characteristics of the shell, the breeding density can be increased, and the large weight gain before and after the female crab itself, the large price difference between vegetable crabs and hermit crabs, and the favorable market during the Spring Festival can be used to increase production and economic benefits of breeding. Because the farming mode is easy to operate, it is suitable for large-scale farming in coastal provinces and cities in southern my country. Due to the conditions of the breeding pond, it is required to have convenient water intake and drainage, the water quality is fresh and pollution-free, the water depth is 1.5-2.0m, and the muddy bottom. Under the conditions of natural water temperature (30-5°C), salinity 6-15 and pH 7.8-8.5, the stocking density is 2.2-4.5/m ² , and small miscellaneous fish are fed once a day, and the feeding amount is 2% to 5% of the storage capacity of blue crabs, 20% to 50% of the daily water change, about half a month to fully drain that is to dry dew 1 to 2 times, 7 to 15 days to dissolve with quicklime 0.02 to 0.03kg/ ^m3 After adding water to the whole pond and splashing, so after 3 to 3.5 months of cultivation, the breeding survival rate can reach 60% to 95%, and the individual static weight gain rate is 10% to 15%, which has a significant improvement compared with the existing breeding methods. improve.

Detailed ways

The following examples will further illustrate the present invention.

Example 1

1) Preparation before breeding: Drain the water in the breeding pond with muddy bottom and expose it to the sun until the bottom mud is cracked. Before stocking, use quicklime to clean the pond. 10 to 13 days before stocking, use 55kg of quicklime to clear the pond per mu to kill Kill fish and harmful microorganisms, improve the bottom quality of the breeding pond, filter the water with a 60-mesh water inlet mesh to filter the water at a water level of 60cm, fertilize, and cultivate the water in the pond; the water depth is 1.5-1.6m, and the breeding pond is preferably an estuary Area water pond. According to the situation of algae reproduction, appropriate fertilization can be applied to cultivate the pool water. The muddy bottom is conducive to the burial and overwintering of blue crabs.

2) Select mating female crabs after the beginning of autumn and female crabs that have been confirmed to have mated. Since the beginning of autumn is the mating season of blue crabs, you can choose the mating female crabs after the beginning of autumn. The source of female crabs is mainly from Guangdong and other places. The selection criteria for mating female crabs are complete appendages, bright body color, good vitality, and good health. Confirm that the female crabs that have been mated have no signs of "regression" in the gonads.

3) Stocking density: 4.5/m ² ;

4) Breeding time: From early October to early November of the Gregorian calendar, the mating season to late January to early February of the following year (during the Spring Festival), the breeding cycle is 3.3 months.

5) Water quality requirements: the temperature is 30-5°C, the salinity is 10-12, the pH is 7.8-8.5, and the transparency is 30-40cm; low salt is beneficial to the gonad development of blue crabs, and can also inhibit oviposition;

6) Daily management: daily water change of 20% to 35%, fully drained every half a month to dry the dew 1 to 2 times, set up an aeration machine for 3 to 5 acres; dissolve quicklime every 15 days and add water Sprinkle the whole pond, the amount of quicklime is 0.02kg/m ³ pond water; the bait is mainly small miscellaneous fish, which is fed once a day, and the amount of feeding is 2% of the amount of blue crabs in the pond according to the mass percentage.

The best time to fully drain every half a month is on days with astronomical spring tides and better weather conditions. Dry dew can promote the activities of blue crabs and increase food intake.

In winter, when the water temperature is low, the blue crabs are buried in the mud and are not very active, so it is difficult to catch them with a net. We can only drain the water in the pool and catch the blue crabs directly, and repeat them many times until the catch is finished.

Example 2

1) Preparation before breeding: Drain the water in the breeding pond with muddy bottom and expose it to the sun until the bottom mud is cracked. Before stocking, use quicklime to clear the pond. Kill fish and harmful microorganisms, improve the bottom quality of the breeding pond, filter the water with a 60-mesh water inlet mesh to filter the water at a water level of 60cm, fertilize, and cultivate the water in the pond; the water depth is 1.7-1.8m, and the breeding pond is preferably an estuary Area water pond. According to the situation of algae reproduction, appropriate fertilization can be applied to cultivate the pool water. The muddy bottom is conducive to the burial and overwintering of blue crabs.

2) Select mating female crabs after the beginning of autumn and female crabs that have been confirmed to have mated. Since the beginning of autumn is the mating season of blue crabs, you can choose the mating female crabs after the beginning of autumn. The source of female crabs is mainly from Guangdong and other places. The selection criteria for mating female crabs are complete appendages, bright body color, good vitality, and good health. Confirm that the female crabs that have been mated have no signs of "regression" in the gonads.

3) Stocking density: 3/m ² ;

4) Breeding time: From early October to early November in the Gregorian calendar, the mating season to late January to early February of the following year (during the Spring Festival), the breeding cycle is 3.5 months.

5) Water quality requirements: the temperature is 30-5°C, the salinity is 6-10, the pH is 7.8-8.5, and the transparency is 30-40cm; low salt is beneficial to the gonad development of blue crabs, and can also inhibit oviposition;

6) Daily management: daily water change of 35% to 50%, fully drained every half a month to dry the dew 1 to 2 times, set up an aerator for 3 to 5 acres; use quicklime to dissolve and water every 10 days The whole pond is sprinkled, and the amount of quicklime is 0.03kg/m ³ of pond water; the bait is mainly small miscellaneous fish, which is fed once a day, and the amount of feeding is 5% of the amount of blue crabs stored in the pond according to the mass percentage.

Example 3

1) Preparation before breeding: Drain the water in the breeding pond with muddy bottom and expose it to the sun until the bottom mud is cracked. Before stocking, use quicklime to clear the pond. 12 to 14 days before stocking, use 60kg of quicklime to clear the pond per mu to kill Kill fish and harmful microorganisms, improve the bottom quality of the breeding pond, filter the water with a 60-mesh water inlet mesh, filter the water at a water level of 60cm, fertilize, and cultivate the water in the pond; the water depth is 1.9-2.0m, and the breeding pond is preferably an estuary Area water pond. According to the situation of algae reproduction, appropriate fertilization can be applied to cultivate the pool water. The muddy bottom is conducive to the burial and overwintering of blue crabs.

2) Select mating female crabs after the beginning of autumn and female crabs that have been confirmed to have mated. Since the beginning of autumn is the mating season of blue crabs, you can choose the mating female crabs after the beginning of autumn. The source of female crabs is mainly from Guangdong and other places. The selection criteria for mating female crabs are complete appendages, bright body color, good vitality, and good health. Confirm that the female crabs that have been mated have no signs of "regression" in the gonads.

3) Stocking density: 2.2/m ² ;

4) Breeding time: From early October to early November in the Gregorian calendar, the mating season to late January to early February of the following year (during the Spring Festival), the breeding cycle is 3 months.

5) Water quality requirements: the temperature is 30-5°C, the salinity is 13-15, the pH is 7.8-8.5, and the transparency is 30-40cm; low salt is beneficial to the gonad development of blue crabs, and can also inhibit oviposition;

6) Daily management: daily water change of 35% to 45%, fully drained every half a month to dry the dew 1 to 2 times, set up an aerator for 3 to 5 acres; use quicklime to dissolve and water every 20 days The whole pond is sprinkled, and the quantity of quicklime is 0.025kg/m ³ of pond water; the bait is mainly small miscellaneous fish, which are fed once a day, and the amount of feeding is 3.5% of the amount of blue crabs stored in the pond according to the mass percentage.

Claims (7)

1. the breeding method of blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

1) preparation before culturing: will culture Chi Chishui and drain and be exposed to the sun, and shine, and putting in a suitable place to breed before, clean up the pond, and, apply fertilizer cultivation Chi Shui with water inlet net filtration Na Shui with quicklime to the bed mud be full of cracks;

2) select the female crab of mating after the beginning of autumn and confirming to go the female crab of mating;

3) breeding density: 2.2～4.5/m ²

4) culturing time: from solar calendar early October～early November, late January～early Febuary in breeding season to next year, the culture-cycle is 3～3.5 months;

5) water quality requirement: temperature is 30～5 ℃, and salinity is 6～15, and pH 7.8～8.5;

6) daily management: day quantity of exchanged water 20%～50%, every two weeks drain entirely promptly to do and reveal 1～2 time, and 3～5 mu are provided with an aerator; Convert the water full pool spilling head after dissolving with quicklime in 10～20 days, the quantity of quicklime is 0.02～0.03kg/m ³Chi Shui; Bait mainly is small fish, throw something and feed every day once, by mass percentage, feeding volume be mud crab deposit pond amount 2%～5%.

2. the breeding method of blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that before putting in a suitable place to breed cleaning up the pond with quicklime is to clean up the pond putting preceding 10～15 days every mu of usefulness 50～60kg quicklime in a suitable place to breed.

3. the breeding method of blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that with water inlet net filtration Na Shui it being to receive water 60cm water level with the 60 orders net filtration of intaking.

4. the breeding method of blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the pond water is 1.5～2.0m.

5. the breeding method of blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that culturing the pond is the pool, estuary region pond.

6. the breeding method of blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that selection of time that every two weeks drains entirely is at astronomical spring tide.

7. the breeding method of blue crab and green crab in autumn and winter as claimed in claim 1, the transparency that it is characterized in that water in the water quality requirement is 30～40cm.