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CN101297105A - System for purifying the exhaust gases emitted by internal combustion engines - Google Patents

System for purifying the exhaust gases emitted by internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101297105A
CN101297105A CNA2006800401405A CN200680040140A CN101297105A CN 101297105 A CN101297105 A CN 101297105A CN A2006800401405 A CNA2006800401405 A CN A2006800401405A CN 200680040140 A CN200680040140 A CN 200680040140A CN 101297105 A CN101297105 A CN 101297105A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
particulate filter
exhaust
motor
filter
exhaust gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CNA2006800401405A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
G·吉龙迪
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UFI Universal Filter International SpA
Original Assignee
UFI Universal Filter International SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UFI Universal Filter International SpA filed Critical UFI Universal Filter International SpA
Publication of CN101297105A publication Critical patent/CN101297105A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2885—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/0335—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F01N2230/02—Exhaust filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

A system for purifying the exhaust gases emitted by an internal combustion engine (2), comprising a series-connected catalytic silencer (3) and antiparticulate filter (4) which are traversed in succession by an exhaust gas flow leaving the engine (2), said antiparticulate filter (4) being located upstream of the catalytic silencer (3) such as to be traversed by the hot exhaust gases from the engine (2) before they cool substantially.

Description

The system that is used for the exhaust that cleaning internal combustion engines gives off
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly be used for purifying, particularly the system of the exhaust that goes out by diesel engine emissions by car combustion engine.
Background technique
Be included in known unburned hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and the solid carbon particle (being commonly referred to particulate) of mainly comprising of pollutant in the diesel engine exhaust.
In order to reduce unburned hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide, the cleaning system of diesel engine generally includes catalyzed muffler, engine exhaust crosses this catalyzed muffler, and this catalyzed muffler comprises catalyzer, before atmosphere discharged, this catalyzer excited and is used to reduce nitrogen oxide and the required chemical reaction of oxidation unburned hydrocarbon at nitrogen oxide and unburned hydrocarbon.Specifically, catalyzed muffler comprises a series of active components that continued to pass through by exhaust, comprises oxidation pre-catalyst, catalyzer and baffler.
In order to reduce particulate, cleaning system comprises suitable anti-particulate filter, and it is in catalyzed muffler and between oxidation pre-catalyst and catalyzer, and it comprises porous material, and this porous material keeps particulate, and allows gaseous substance to pass through.At present, the most widely used anti-particulate filter is a stupalith, is generally silicon carbide, but goes back known metal filter, for example sintering metal.In use, the very fast usually obstruction of anti-particulate filter, and therefore need regularly carry out regeneration step, in regeneration step, they are increased to high temperature, so that can burn the carbon granule of catching and they are discharged from filter wall.
The normal working temperature of the anti-particulate filter that uses is about 300 ℃ at present, can not fully guarantee particle burning, and this particle burning will carry out above 600 ℃ by operating temperature is raise.
Therefore, described regeneration realizes by the suitable mixture of oxygen and easy firing gas is introduced in the anti-particulate filter, this mixture with filter wall (may cover) autogenous ignition when contacting by catalyzer.
Particularly, described reconstituted mixt can directly be introduced by suitable injector, perhaps introduces indirectly by the air/fuel ratio of regulating the motor supply suitably.
The shortcoming of known antiparticulate filters is that a lot of zones of their filter wall can not reach and make the required temperature of reconstituted mixt igniting.Therefore, burning is only carried out at the hottest point place of these filter wall, this feasible particulate that can not discharge accumulation fully, so loss system efficient.
This phenomenon is substantially owing to two reasons produce.First reason is in course of normal operation, and anti-particulate filter is heated in non-homogeneous mode roughly by exhaust, and the thermal conductivity of their structural material is low more, and temperature difference is big more.
Second reason is that the carbon granule that is included in the exhaust is coalescent mutually when exhaust is passed through, and accumulates in unevenly on the filter wall of anti-particulate filter.This means stopping up the most serious zone, the particulate of all accumulations is effectively burnt, and do not have the condition that is used for the reconstituted mixt burning.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in the framework of simple, reasonable and lower cost solution, to overcome described shortcoming.
This purpose realizes that by a kind of system that is used for the exhaust that cleaning internal combustion engines gives off this system comprises: catalyzed muffler that is connected in series and anti-particulate filter, the blast air that they are left motor continues to pass through.
According to the present invention, anti-particulate filter is positioned at the upstream of catalyzed muffler, and as close as possible motor is so that exhaust was passed this anti-particulate filter before basic cooling.
By this structure, anti-particulate filter is heated to than average operating temperature much higher in the prior art, and this can make the All Ranges of relevance filtering wall all reach the minimum firing temperature of reconstituted mixt.Like this, Regeneration Treatment will be referred to whole anti-particulate filter, therefore should prevent effectively increasing the working life of particulate filter.
Preferably, anti-particulate filter is positioned to so close motor, surpasses 600 ℃ average operating temperature so that reach, and like this, the burning of the particulate of accumulation can be carried out in the normal system working procedure continuously, and does not need to introduce special-purpose reconstituted mixt.
According to the present invention, anti-particulate filter can be made of the porous material of any known type, as long as it can bear about 600 ℃-800 ℃ temperature; But, preferably use the filter of pottery or metallic material.
Particularly, metallic material has higher mechanical strength, higher accumulation capacity and higher thermal stress resistance.It also can constitute the thin-walled filter, and it is owing to the higher heat-conductivity of material guarantees higher regeneration rate, and also feasible heating is very even.
Description of drawings
Following by reading by means of the explanation of accompanying drawing to non-limiting example, will know other features and advantages of the present invention, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the schematic representation of system of the present invention that is used to purify the exhaust of automotive Diesel engine discharging;
Fig. 2 is optional embodiment's the schematic representation of the system of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
System 1 comprises a plurality of exhaust gas collection organ pipes 10, each exhaust gas collection organ pipe 10 is connected with each cylinder of diesel engine 2, the exhaust that will produce so that will burn will be sent to public Rendezvous Point 11, and outlet pipe 12 stretches out from this Rendezvous Point 11, so that blast air guided to the outlet 13 of leading to atmosphere.
The structure of system 1 is just as example, and without departing from the present invention, it also can have a great difference according to the type of motor 2 and/or according to the type of the vehicle that described system 1 is installed.
Common catalyzed muffler 3 arranges along outlet pipe 12, so that make the blast air from diesel engine 2 pass, and this catalyzed muffler comprises appropriate catalyst, so that excite nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) oxidation.
According to the present invention, anti-particulate filter 4 is positioned at the upstream (with respect to flow direction) of described catalyzed muffler 3, and this anti-particulate filter 4 is included in the appropriate housings, and can keep the particulate that suspended and carried by exhaust, is released in the atmosphere so that prevent them.
Preferably, described anti-particulate filter 4 is made of metallic material, for example sintering metal.Yet it also can be made of any other porous material that is fit to this purpose, for example stupalith.
In the course of the work, the thermal exhaust that is directly produced by motor 2 passes anti-particulate filter 4 before the cooling at them substantially owing to flow through whole outlet pipe 12.
Like this, it carries out sizable heating, thereby makes each zone of relevance filtering wall can reach the minimum temperature that is used for making in the regeneration step process reconstituted mixt automatic combustion substantially.
In fact, this degree of heat changes according to the distance between anti-particulate filter 4 and motor 2 (being about to the total length of the conduit that they link together), because this has determined the temperature through the exhaust of anti-particulate filter 4.
Preferably, anti-particulate filter 4 is positioned adjacent to motor 2, surpasses 600 ℃ average operating temperature at least so that be heated to.
By this structure, in anti-particulate filter 4, can be formed for the required condition of normal exhaust automatic combustion that makes that motor 2 gives off again, so that can cyclic regeneration in each operational phase, and do not need to introduce specific regeneration mixtures.
Some possibility structures of described temperature levels will be considered to be used to obtain below.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, anti-particulate filter 4 is positioned to directly the downstream of the point 11 that compiles at exhaust gas collection organ pipe 10 along outlet pipe 12, preferably in the upstream of any turbocharger turbine (if there is).
In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, anti-particulate filter 4 is divided into a plurality of littler filters 40, and their number equals the number of the cylinder of motor 2, and each filter is positioned at the upstream of Rendezvous Point 11 along each exhaust gas collection organ pipe 10 setting.

Claims (7)

1. system that is used for purifying the exhaust that gives off by internal-combustion engine (2), comprise: catalyzed muffler that is connected in series (3) and anti-particulate filter (4), they are continued to pass through by the blast air that leaves motor (2), it is characterized in that: with respect to the flow direction of described stream, anti-particulate filter (4) is positioned at the upstream of catalyzed muffler (3), so that make the thermal exhaust from motor (2) pass this anti-particulate filter (4) before basic cooling.
2. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described anti-particulate filter (4) is positioned adjacent to motor, is heated to the average operating temperature that makes that particulate can continuous burning so that be deflated.
3. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described anti-particulate filter (4) is positioned adjacent to motor, surpasses 600 ℃ average operating temperature so that be heated to by exhaust.
4. system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it comprises the assembly of exhaust gas collection organ pipe (10), the exhaust that each exhaust gas collection organ pipe will leave each cylinder of motor (2) is sent to public Rendezvous Point (11), and anti-particulate filter (4) is positioned to directly the downstream at described public Rendezvous Point (11).
5. system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it comprises the assembly of exhaust gas collection organ pipe (10), the exhaust that each exhaust gas collection organ pipe will leave each cylinder of motor (2) is sent to public Rendezvous Point (11), anti-particulate filter (4) comprises the assembly of independent filter (40), and each independent filter (40) is provided with along each exhaust gas collection organ pipe (10).
6. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described anti-particulate filter (4) is formed by stupalith.
7. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described anti-particulate filter (4) is formed by metallic material.
CNA2006800401405A 2005-11-11 2006-10-03 System for purifying the exhaust gases emitted by internal combustion engines Pending CN101297105A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRE2005A000127 2005-11-11
IT000127A ITRE20050127A1 (en) 2005-11-11 2005-11-11 PLANT FOR THE PURIFICATION OF EXHAUST GAS EMITTED BY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101297105A true CN101297105A (en) 2008-10-29

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ID=37603210

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNA2006800401405A Pending CN101297105A (en) 2005-11-11 2006-10-03 System for purifying the exhaust gases emitted by internal combustion engines

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20080229734A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1945923A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009515083A (en)
CN (1) CN101297105A (en)
IT (1) ITRE20050127A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007054164A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8950176B2 (en) * 2011-06-29 2015-02-10 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. System for reducing engine emissions and backpressure using parallel emission reduction equipment
US20150020509A1 (en) * 2012-05-18 2015-01-22 Louis A. Belanger Method and system for maximizing fuel efficiency of an internal combustion engine

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4663934A (en) * 1985-04-01 1987-05-12 Arvin Industries, Inc. Manifold exhaust processor
JPH0623535B2 (en) * 1985-10-28 1994-03-30 日産自動車株式会社 Exhaust particulate treatment device for internal combustion engine
FR2686652B1 (en) * 1992-01-29 1994-04-29 Shell Petroles PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS REMOVAL BY POSTCOMBUSTION OF IMBULATED SOLID PARTICLES.
JP2870369B2 (en) * 1993-06-18 1999-03-17 住友電気工業株式会社 Exhaust gas purification filter
JP3395533B2 (en) * 1996-08-09 2003-04-14 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Diesel engine exhaust purification system
DE19853359A1 (en) * 1998-11-19 2000-05-31 Daimler Chrysler Ag Internal combustion engine operable with different cycling methods (e.g. two-stroke, four-stroke) has exhaust gas sound damper with different geometries matched to different cycle methods
JP3624820B2 (en) * 2000-10-24 2005-03-02 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine
JP2002213227A (en) * 2000-11-17 2002-07-31 Toyota Motor Corp Exhaust gas purifying apparatus and exhaust gas purifying method
JP2002180818A (en) * 2000-12-14 2002-06-26 Toyota Motor Corp Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine
DE10323385B4 (en) 2003-05-23 2006-02-02 Daimlerchrysler Ag Emission control system for an internal combustion engine
WO2006025283A1 (en) * 2004-08-31 2006-03-09 Ibiden Co., Ltd. Exhaust gas purification system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1945923A1 (en) 2008-07-23
JP2009515083A (en) 2009-04-09
US20080229734A1 (en) 2008-09-25
WO2007054164A1 (en) 2007-05-18
ITRE20050127A1 (en) 2007-05-12

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Open date: 20081029