CN101294923B - Capacitor type smoke detector - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a smoke detector, in particular to a capacitive smoke detector. It solves the problems that the existing fire detectors have complex application backgrounds and are affected by different interference sources. The present invention comprises shell and capacitor, and capacitor comprises 3-20 layers of capacitance plate and two electrode rods, and capacitance plate is the disk shape of diameter 30-150 millimeter, and wherein the two sides of insulation plate are respectively provided with upper layer capacitor pole and lower layer capacitor plate; The upper capacitor poles of the adjacent capacitor plates are connected in parallel by the upper layer parallel wires, and the lower layer capacitor plates of the adjacent capacitor plates are connected in parallel by the lower layer parallel wires; the capacitor plates are fixed in series on the two electrode rods, and the distance between the adjacent capacitor plates is 2-10 mm; the capacitor is located in the lower part of the housing, and the side wall of the lower part of the housing is an insect-proof net. The invention is a capacitive fire detector with a new principle, which is simple in form and complete in function, has wide adaptability to environmental backgrounds, and improves the ability to realize effective functions under complex environmental conditions.

Description

Capacitive Smoke Detector

technical field

The invention relates to fire detection technology, which belongs to fire science and can be applied to automatic fire detection in typical places, that is, a smoke-sensing fire detector.

Background technique

Fire is one of the most serious disasters to human society. People have been fighting against fire since ancient times. But until the 1960s, with the development of electronic technology, people gradually realized the automatic detection of fire. The same drastic change as the development speed of human society is that the types and hazards of fires are becoming more and more serious. People have become more and more rich in various technologies, and more and more technical means have been applied to the field of automatic fire detection. At present, people have been able to The purpose of automatic detection of fires in most places is realized, but the problem of false alarms of fire detectors still deeply troubles people. At present, photoelectric fire detectors are the most widely used in daily places. People have deepened the research on the light scattering characteristics of smoke, and the forms of photoelectric smoke detectors are becoming more and more complicated. False alarm problem of fire detectors. While the detector technology that has been successfully applied continues to improve, people continue to try new detection methods to continuously enrich the selection methods when facing fire threats. The continuous development of new technologies such as photoacoustic detection, microwave detection, and video detection That is to say, the means of fire prevention and control have been enriched, and at the same time, people can face the threat of fire with more confidence. However, the traditional automatic fire detector technology based on different working principles will be affected by different interference sources and cause the system to work abnormally. The complexity of the application background of the fire detection system is exactly what the traditional fire detector cannot avoid and is difficult to solve. One of the outstanding issues that was effectively addressed.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problem that the existing fire detectors have complicated application backgrounds and are affected by different interference sources, the present invention provides capacitive fire detectors suitable for different application background environments.

The specific structural design scheme is as follows:

Capacitive smoke detectors include housing and capacitors,

The capacitor includes 3-20 layers of capacitor plates and two electrode rods. The capacitor plates are disc-shaped and have a diameter of 30-150 mm. The capacitor plates include insulating plates. The upper capacitor poles of the adjacent capacitor plates are connected in parallel by the upper layer parallel wires, and the lower capacitor plates of the adjacent capacitor plates are connected in parallel by the lower layer parallel wires; the capacitor plates are fixed in series on the two electrode rods, and the adjacent capacitor plates The spacing is 2-10 mm;

The capacitor is located in the lower part of the casing, and the side wall of the lower part of the casing is an insect-proof net.

The shell is a stepped cylinder with a large top and a small bottom, and the shell material is engineering plastics; radial radial grooves or counterclockwise spiral radial grooves are uniformly distributed around the bottom surface.

The material of the insect-proof net on the lower side wall of the housing connected to the bottom surface is metal or plastic.

According to the calculation formula of capacitance value C=εS/4πkd, in a capacitor with a given structure, the change of its capacitance value is only related to the dielectric constant ε of the environment, and the dielectric constant of air under different environmental conditions will occur The change causes the capacitance value of the capacitor to change, and the change of the measured capacitor value can also reflect the situation of the environment where the capacitor is located. environment, so as to achieve the purpose of automatic fire alarm.

Beneficial technical effect of the present invention is embodied in following several aspects:

1. The structure of the core components is simple. As a capacitive fire detector with a new principle, the structure of its core component, the capacitor, is much simpler than that of traditional fire detectors. It is only composed of multi-layer capacitor plates, and the principle is novel. , Simple in form and complete in function, it has obvious advantages over traditional fire detectors with labyrinth structure.

2. The monitoring and analysis circuit technology is advanced. As an important guarantee for the realization of functions, the monitoring and analysis circuit is based on the realization of the weak signal monitoring function of traditional fire detectors. In order to ensure effective protection, a wide range of environmental adaptability can be achieved after targeted sample training on the basis of the realization of detector functions.

3. The application conditions are simple. Traditional fire automatic detectors based on different working principles will be affected by different interference sources and cause the system to work abnormally. However, the complexity of the application background of the fire detection system is exactly what traditional fire detectors cannot Avoidance and one of outstanding problems that are difficult to be effectively solved, after the present invention adopts advanced fuzzy neural network system, it can be trained according to different application background environments in a targeted manner, so that it has good adaptability to the environment, so that It can make this technology have a wide range of environmental background adaptability and improve the effective function realization ability under complex environmental conditions.

4. Actively promote the exploratory implementation of new principles in the field of fire detection technology. The complexity of fire detection will increase with the development of society. Fire detection technology must be able to adapt to the development of this complexity. With the development of basic disciplines , the fire detection technology researched as a cross-electromechanical system must be able to learn from others' strong points and actively explore.

5. Further enrich the means of effective fire prevention and control technology. Fire prevention and control technology is the dependence of people to reduce fire hazards. The capacitive fire detector of the present invention can further enrich the technical means for people to deal with fire hazards, and provide a proactive prevention and control purpose. New powerful weapons.

6. Promote scientific research content of fire detection technology research. Fire detection technology is an applied technical research. The emergence of each new technology will promote the development of relevant scientific research content in the field of upstream fire dynamics research and downstream fire detection technology engineering application fields , The application of the present invention will also promote the development of scientific research content in related research fields, and provide a certain positive promotion effect for further improving the fire science system.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention,

Figure 2 is a bottom view of the capacitive smoke detector housing,

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the capacitor structure,

Figure 4 is the appearance of the capacitor,

Figure 5 is a block diagram of the working principle of the capacitive smoke detector.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described through the embodiments below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Example 1:

Referring to FIG. 1 , FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , a capacitive smoke detector includes a casing 1 and a capacitor 2 .

The capacitor comprises 12 layers of capacitor plates and two electrode rods. The capacitor plates are disc-shaped and have a diameter of 80 millimeters. The capacitor plates include insulating plates 9. The two sides of the insulating plates 9 are respectively fixed with upper capacitor poles 5 and lower capacitor plates 6; The upper layer capacitor poles 5 of the adjacent capacitor plates are connected in parallel by the upper layer parallel wires 7, and the lower layer capacitor plates 6 of the adjacent capacitor plates are connected in parallel by the lower layer parallel wires 8; the capacitor plates are fixed in series on the two electrode rods 16, and the adjacent capacitor plates The distance between them is 6 millimeters, as shown in Figure 2; the capacitor 2 is located at the lower part of the housing 1; the housing 1 is a stepped cylinder with a large upper part and a smaller lower part, and the housing material is engineering plastics; Toward grooves or counterclockwise spiral radial grooves; the lower side wall of the housing connected to the bottom is an insect-proof net 3, and the material of the insect-proof net is metal or plastic, and the geometric size and opening diameter can meet the requirements of smooth air flow and prevent insects from entering That's it.

The capacitance value of this implementation example is 585pF in a general environment, and the capacitance value will change in different smog environments.

In combination with the above implementation example 1, the capacitance smoke detector 10 is in different detection environments, and the capacitance measurement circuit 11 monitors the capacitance value change of the capacitor in real time, and the signal is processed by the preamplifier circuit 12 and the main amplifier circuit 13 and then compared with the fuzzy neural network 14 The data in the database is compared and the environment of the capacitive smoke detector is judged through the pre-judgment output module 15, and the judgment result is given, as shown in FIG. 5 .

Capacitors will change in different environments (smoke, humidity, temperature). This implementation example is based on fuzzy neural network, and a fuzzy neural network judgment model is established according to the changing rules of capacitor capacitance under different conditions. provide the basis for normal work.

Example 2:

The capacitor includes 20 layers of capacitor plates, the diameter of the capacitor plates is 30 mm, and the distance between adjacent capacitor plates is 2 mm; the capacitance parameter in this example is 412pF.

Others are with embodiment 1.

Example 3:

The capacitor includes 3 layers of capacitor plates, the diameter of the capacitor plates is 150 mm, and the distance between adjacent capacitor plates is 10 mm; the capacitance value parameter in this implementation example is 2966pF.

Others are with embodiment 1.

Claims (3)

1. capacitor type smoke detector is characterized in that: comprise shell and capacitor,

Described capacitor comprises 3-20 layer capacitance plate and two electrode stems, and described capacitor board is discoid, and diameter is the 30-150 millimeter, and capacitor board comprises insulcrete (10), and insulcrete (10) two sides are respectively equipped with upper strata capacitor board (5) and lower floor's capacitor board (6); Between the upper strata capacitor board (5) of adjacent capacitor plate by upper strata parallel conducting wire (7) parallel connection, between lower floor's capacitor board (6) of adjacent capacitor plate by lower floor's parallel conducting wire (8) parallel connection; The capacitor board series connection is fixed on two electrode stems, and the spacing between the adjacent capacitor plate is the 2-10 millimeter;

Described capacitor is positioned at the housing bottom, and the lower housing portion sidewall is a fly net.

2. capacitor type smoke detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described housing is up big and down small step-like right cylinder, and case material is engineering plastics; Bottom periphery uniform radial radial slot or counterclockwise spiral fashion radial slot.

3. capacitor type smoke detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the fly net material of the described lower housing portion sidewall that is connected with the bottom surface is metal or plastics.

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