CN101284341A - Ultrasonic-assisted electric spark deposition repair and ultrasonic polishing integrated device and method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic-assisted electric spark deposition repair and ultrasonic polishing integrated device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明是一种超声辅助电火花沉积修复与超声抛光一体化装置及其方法。本发明超声辅助电火花沉积修复与超声抛光一体化的装置包括有气体供给装置、电源及控制箱(34)、接线(35)、电极装置(37)、工件夹头(39),其利用电火花沉积工艺和超声机械振动摩擦作用的复合来实现模具表面缺陷的修复,同时在修复完成后利用超声振动的能量可完成对修复后的模具表面进行机械打磨。其综合运用了电火花沉积加工工艺与超声抛光技术的优点,故修复成本低,修复精度较高,本发明的复合加工不仅能够对模具失效表面材料进行高效率的修复,适用于难用大型修复设备进行修复的场合。本发明的超声辅助电火花沉积修复与超声抛光一体化的方法操作简单,方便实用。
The invention relates to an ultrasonic-assisted electrospark deposition repair and ultrasonic polishing integrated device and method thereof. The device for the integration of ultrasonic-assisted electric spark deposition repair and ultrasonic polishing of the present invention includes a gas supply device, a power supply and a control box (34), wiring (35), an electrode device (37), and a workpiece chuck (39). The combination of spark deposition process and ultrasonic mechanical vibration and friction can realize the repair of mold surface defects. At the same time, after the repair is completed, the energy of ultrasonic vibration can be used to mechanically polish the repaired mold surface. It comprehensively uses the advantages of EDM deposition processing technology and ultrasonic polishing technology, so the repair cost is low and the repair accuracy is high. The composite processing of the present invention can not only repair the invalid surface material of the mold with high efficiency, but also is suitable for large-scale repairs that are difficult to use. Where equipment is being repaired. The method for the integration of ultrasonic-assisted electric spark deposition repair and ultrasonic polishing of the present invention is simple in operation, convenient and practical.
Description
技术领域: Technical field:
本发明是一种超声辅助电火花沉积修复与超声抛光一体化装置及其方法,属于超声辅助电火花沉积修复与超声抛光一体化装置及其方法的改造技术。The invention relates to an ultrasonic-assisted electric spark deposition repair and ultrasonic polishing integrated device and its method, and belongs to the transformation technology of the ultrasonic-assisted electric spark deposition repair and ultrasonic polishing integrated device and its method.
背景技术: Background technique:
目前用于模具修复与抛光加工的方法有如下几种:The methods currently used for mold repair and polishing are as follows:
1、表面镀覆技术:1. Surface coating technology:
镀覆技术按镀覆层形成过程及镀覆层与基体的结合机理可分为如下3类:Plating technology can be divided into the following three categories according to the formation process of the coating layer and the bonding mechanism between the coating layer and the substrate:
1)热喷涂:热喷涂是将喷涂粉末加热到可以相互粘结的状态,并以一定速度喷射到基材表面,形成覆盖层的一类技术,如火焰喷涂、等离子喷涂、爆炸枪喷涂和超音速喷涂等。其中火焰喷涂、等离子喷涂在模具修复中最常用。热喷涂形成的修复层与基材之间为机械结合,所以多用于非冲击载荷条件下的模具表面改性及形状修复。1) Thermal spraying: Thermal spraying is a type of technology that heats the spray powder to a state where it can be bonded to each other, and sprays it onto the surface of the substrate at a certain speed to form a covering layer, such as flame spraying, plasma spraying, explosive gun spraying and super Sonic spraying, etc. Among them, flame spraying and plasma spraying are the most commonly used in mold repair. The repair layer formed by thermal spraying is mechanically combined with the substrate, so it is mostly used for surface modification and shape repair of molds under non-impact load conditions.
2)表面熔覆技术:表面熔覆技术是新型表面改性技术,通过在基材表面添加熔覆材料,并利用高能量密度的热源,使与基体表面的薄层一起熔凝,形成与基体为冶金结合的添料熔覆层。按熔覆过程中采用的热源,可分为火焰熔覆、氩弧熔覆、激光熔覆。火焰熔覆、氩弧熔覆用于模具修复中,虽然设备便宜,操作简单,但是由于受热面积过大,引起热变形,故,修复质量不是很高。激光熔覆技术的熔覆热源能量密度非常高,使熔覆材料选择范围大大增加,可获得与基体冶金结合的高性能、多用途的熔覆层。熔覆过程中引起的变形量很小,熔覆层表面平整度高,但是设备昂贵,不利与现场的快速修复。2) Surface cladding technology: Surface cladding technology is a new type of surface modification technology. By adding cladding materials on the surface of the substrate and using a high-energy-density heat source, the thin layer on the surface of the substrate is fused together to form a surface that is compatible with the substrate. Added cladding layer for metallurgical bonding. According to the heat source used in the cladding process, it can be divided into flame cladding, argon arc cladding, and laser cladding. Flame cladding and argon arc cladding are used in mold repair. Although the equipment is cheap and the operation is simple, the quality of the repair is not very high because the heating area is too large and causes thermal deformation. The energy density of the cladding heat source of laser cladding technology is very high, which greatly increases the selection range of cladding materials, and can obtain high-performance and multi-purpose cladding layers combined with substrate metallurgy. The amount of deformation caused during the cladding process is very small, and the surface of the cladding layer is flat, but the equipment is expensive, which is not conducive to rapid repair on site.
2、气相沉积技术:气相沉积是通过化学或热蒸发等物理过程,使沉积材料汽化并在基体表面形成固体膜层的方法。气相沉积是表面技术中发展迅速、类型较丰富的一种表面覆层技术,它可以在各种材料的模具表面沉积多层膜,但是它应用于模具修复中也有许多缺点,如,和基体是物理机械结合,结合强度不高,设备复杂、笨重,不利于现场修复,这些都很大程度上限制其应用场合。2. Vapor deposition technology: Vapor deposition is a method of vaporizing the deposition material and forming a solid film on the surface of the substrate through physical processes such as chemical or thermal evaporation. Vapor deposition is a surface coating technology that develops rapidly and has abundant types in surface technology. It can deposit multi-layer films on the surface of molds of various materials, but it also has many shortcomings when applied to mold repair, such as, and the substrate is Physical and mechanical combination, low bonding strength, complex and bulky equipment, not conducive to on-site repair, all of which largely limit its application.
3、电镀:电镀是通过电解方法在固体表面上获得金属沉积层的电沉积过程。它可以获得多种镀层,通过配置不同的镀液,使用一套设备可以镀多种金属,但是设备与其他加工工艺的设备相比较复杂,而且在电镀的过程中产生污染严重的电解液体,对环境污染较严重,与热喷涂相比涂层的质量没有那么突出,会产生有害气体、烟尘、有害辐射光线,不与基体表面形成合金,需要修复的零件尺寸受到电镀槽的限制,一些大的零件将无法电镀。3. Electroplating: Electroplating is an electrodeposition process in which a metal deposition layer is obtained on a solid surface by electrolysis. It can obtain a variety of coatings. By configuring different plating solutions, a set of equipment can be used to plate a variety of metals, but the equipment is more complicated than other processing equipment, and the electrolytic solution is seriously polluted during the electroplating process. The environmental pollution is more serious. Compared with thermal spraying, the quality of the coating is not so outstanding. It will produce harmful gases, smoke, harmful radiation, and will not form an alloy with the surface of the substrate. The size of the parts that need to be repaired is limited by the electroplating tank. Some large Parts will not be able to be plated.
4、电火花沉积修复:电火花沉积技术(electro sp40rk deposition)是利用短脉宽、高频率的脉冲电源把电极材料(阳极)焊接到金属基体上的一种脉冲电弧微焊接技术。电火花沉积技术(ESD)的主要优点是能够用低的热输入使电极材料与基体合金化结合。它减少了基体材料组织的热变形,热应力;同时由于涂层与基体是冶金结合,因此经过ESD进行表面处理的工件与等离子喷涂、电化学电镀等低热输入涂镀工艺相比其表面具有更好的机械性能。与以上其它几种修复工艺相比,电火花沉积虽然有以上优点,但是它也有其始终无法突破的瓶颈——很难获得超过350μm厚度的致密涂层,这一问题很大地限制了电火花沉积技术的应用场合。4. EDM deposition repair: EDM deposition technology (electro sp40rk deposition) is a pulse arc micro-welding technology that uses a short pulse width, high frequency pulse power supply to weld electrode materials (anodes) to metal substrates. The main advantage of electrospark deposition (ESD) is that it can alloy the electrode material with the substrate with low heat input. It reduces the thermal deformation and thermal stress of the matrix material structure; at the same time, because the coating and the substrate are metallurgically bonded, the surface of the workpiece treated by ESD is more efficient than plasma spraying, electrochemical plating and other low heat input coating processes. Good mechanical properties. Compared with the above other repairing processes, although EDM has the above advantages, it also has a bottleneck that cannot be broken through—it is difficult to obtain a dense coating with a thickness of more than 350 μm, which greatly limits EDM. technology applications.
5、超声抛光:超声抛光是把具有适当输出功率的超声振动系统产生的超声振动能量附加在要修复的模具表面上,从而使抛光工具与模具表面以一定的频率和一定的振幅进行超声高频机械振动摩擦,达到为模具抛光的表面光整加工方法。这一方法已经广泛地应用在模具表面光整加工中,不仅大大节省了模具修复后的光整时间,而且很大程度上降低了模具修复的成本。5. Ultrasonic polishing: Ultrasonic polishing is to add the ultrasonic vibration energy generated by the ultrasonic vibration system with appropriate output power to the surface of the mold to be repaired, so that the polishing tool and the surface of the mold can perform ultrasonic high frequency at a certain frequency and a certain amplitude. Mechanical vibration friction, to achieve surface finishing processing method for mold polishing. This method has been widely used in mold surface finishing, which not only greatly saves the finishing time after mold repair, but also greatly reduces the cost of mold repair.
目前国内外模具修复行业中,多数利用上述表面镀覆技术、气相沉积技术、电镀、激光重熔技术对失效的模具进行修复,它们或多或少都有明显的缺点。目前也有利用电火花沉积技术用于模具的修复,但由于是对电火花沉积技术的单纯运用,但始终不能获得大修复厚度的沉积层,很大程度上限制了这一技术的推广。At present, in the mold repair industry at home and abroad, most of the above-mentioned surface coating technology, vapor deposition technology, electroplating, and laser remelting technology are used to repair invalid molds, and they have more or less obvious shortcomings. At present, EDM technology is also used for the repair of molds, but due to the simple application of EDM technology, it is still impossible to obtain a deposition layer with a large repair thickness, which greatly limits the promotion of this technology.
发明内容: Invention content:
本发明的目的在于考虑上述问题而提供一种修复成本低,修复精度较高的超声辅助电火花沉积修复与超声抛光一体化的装置。The purpose of the present invention is to consider the above-mentioned problems and provide a low-repair cost and high-repair precision device that integrates ultrasonic-assisted electric spark deposition repair and ultrasonic polishing.
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种方便实用的超声辅助电火花沉积修复与超声抛光一体化的方法。Another object of the present invention is to provide a convenient and practical method for integrating ultrasonic assisted electric spark deposition repair and ultrasonic polishing.
本发明的技术方案是:包括有气体供给装置、电源及控制箱、接线、电极装置、工件夹头,其中气体供给装置包括有氩气瓶、压力减压表、通气软管,电极装置包括有外壳、电机主轴、第一换能器接线杆、第二换能器接线杆、换能器、电极接线杆、保护气体接管、工具材料、装夹头、导电垫片、滑块、绝缘陶瓷轴、第二换能器导电垫片、第一换能器导电垫片、绝缘垫片、绝缘垫片、第一换能器接电滚动圆盘、第二换能器接电滚动圆盘,其中电机主轴通过法兰与换能器连接,换能器的第一换能器接线杆及第二换能器接线杆分别与第一换能器导电垫片及第二换能器导电垫片连接,第一换能器导电垫片及第二换能器导电垫片分别与第一换能器接电滚动圆盘、第二换能器接电滚动圆盘连接,电火花沉积的阳极接线与电极接线杆连接,电极接线杆与滑块连接,滑块与通过绝缘陶瓷轴与装夹头连接,工具材料夹紧在装夹头上,接线包括有电机正负极接线、换能器的正负电极接线和电火花沉积淀的阳极接线五根根线,调速电机与电机正负极接线连接,换能器的正负接线分别与第一换能器接线杆、第二换能器接线杆连接,通过压力减压表与氩气瓶连接的通气软管与电极装置中的保护气体接管的一端连接,保护气体接管的另一端与装夹头及工具材料所在的安装腔体相通,电源及控制箱中的电源部分包括超声电源及电火花沉积电源,超声电源与换能器连接,电火花沉积电源的阳极与电极接线杆连接,电火花沉积电源的阴极与工件夹头连接,被修复模具装夹在工件夹头上。The technical proposal of the present invention is: comprise gas supply device, power supply and control box, wiring, electrode device, workpiece chuck, wherein gas supply device includes argon gas bottle, pressure decompression gauge, ventilation hose, electrode device includes Housing, motor spindle, first transducer terminal rod, second transducer terminal rod, transducer, electrode terminal rod, protective gas connection, tool material, chuck, conductive gasket, slider, insulating ceramic shaft , the conductive gasket of the second transducer, the conductive gasket of the first transducer, the insulating gasket, the insulating gasket, the first transducer connected to the electric rolling disk, and the second transducer connected to the electric rolling disk, wherein The motor shaft is connected to the transducer through the flange, and the first transducer terminal rod and the second transducer terminal rod of the transducer are respectively connected to the first transducer conductive gasket and the second transducer conductive gasket , the conductive pads of the first transducer and the conductive pads of the second transducer are respectively connected with the first transducer connected to the electric rolling disk, and the second transducer is connected to the electric rolling disk, and the anode connection of the EDM is connected to the The electrode terminal rod is connected, the electrode terminal rod is connected with the slider, the slider is connected with the clamping head through the insulating ceramic shaft, the tool material is clamped on the clamping head, and the wiring includes the positive and negative terminals of the motor and the positive and negative poles of the transducer. Negative electrode wiring and five wires for the anode wiring of EDM deposition, the speed regulating motor is connected to the positive and negative poles of the motor, and the positive and negative wiring of the transducer is respectively connected to the first transducer wiring rod and the second transducer Rod connection, the ventilation hose connected to the argon cylinder through the pressure decompression gauge is connected to one end of the protective gas connection in the electrode device, the other end of the protection gas connection is connected to the installation cavity where the chuck and tool materials are located, and the power supply And the power supply part in the control box includes the ultrasonic power supply and the electric spark deposition power supply, the ultrasonic power supply is connected to the transducer, the anode of the electric spark deposition power supply is connected to the electrode terminal rod, the cathode of the electric spark deposition power supply is connected to the workpiece chuck, and is repaired The mold is clamped on the workpiece chuck.
上述电火花沉积的阳极接线通过外壳所设的电线、保护气体通孔与电极接线杆连接。The anode connection of the above-mentioned electrospark deposition is connected to the electrode terminal rod through the electric wire and the protective gas through hole provided in the casing.
上述换能器的正负接线通过外壳所设的电线、保护气体通孔分别与第一换能器接线杆、第二换能器接线杆连接。The positive and negative connections of the transducer are respectively connected to the first transducer connecting rod and the second transducer connecting rod through the electric wire and the shielding gas through hole provided in the casing.
上述电极接线杆与外壳之间设有绝缘垫片。An insulating gasket is provided between the above-mentioned electrode connecting rod and the shell.
上述电机主轴通过法兰及螺栓、弹簧与换能器连接。The above-mentioned motor shaft is connected with the transducer through flanges, bolts and springs.
上述调速电机通过螺钉固定在外壳上。The above-mentioned speed-regulating motor is fixed on the casing by screws.
上述工具材料为在电火花沉积修复时使用的电极材料或在抛光时使用的抛光油石。The above-mentioned tool material is an electrode material used in EDM repair or a polishing oilstone used in polishing.
上述外壳包括有依次连接的外端盖、二段外壳、三段外壳、四段外壳、五段外壳、末端端盖。The above-mentioned casing includes an outer end cover, a second-section casing, a third-section casing, a fourth-section casing, a fifth-section casing, and an end cover, which are sequentially connected.
上述第一换能器接线杆、第二换能器接线杆通过第一绝缘垫片隔开,第二换能器导电垫片及第一换能器导电垫片与外壳之间设有第二绝缘垫片。The connecting rod of the first transducer and the connecting rod of the second transducer are separated by the first insulating gasket, and the second transducer conductive gasket and the first transducer conductive gasket and the shell are provided with a second Insulating spacers.
本发明超声辅助电火花沉积修复与超声抛光一体化装置的加工工艺,其包括如下步骤:The processing technology of the ultrasonic-assisted electric spark deposition repair and ultrasonic polishing integrated device of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1)接通电火花沉积电源,即将电极接线杆接正极,被修复模具接负极,接通调速电机及换能器,开启气体供给装置的保护气体开关,手持电极装置在被修复模具表面横向地来回移动,直到修复到需要的尺寸为止;1) Turn on the electric spark deposition power supply, that is, connect the electrode terminal rod to the positive pole, connect the mold to be repaired to the negative pole, connect the speed regulating motor and transducer, turn on the protective gas switch of the gas supply device, and hold the electrode device horizontally on the surface of the mold to be repaired. Move back and forth until the repair reaches the required size;
2)根据被修复模具的材料特性,在电源及控制箱的控制面板上调整各参数,以便使修复在最佳工艺参数下进行;2) According to the material characteristics of the repaired mold, adjust the parameters on the control panel of the power supply and the control box, so that the repair can be carried out under the best process parameters;
3)关闭电火花沉积电源与保护气体开关,把工具材料在电火花沉积修复时使用的电极材料换成抛光油石,对沉积后的表面进行抛光打磨,直到加工到需要的表面精度;3) Turn off the EDM power supply and the protective gas switch, replace the electrode material used in the EDM repair of the tool material with polished oilstone, and polish the deposited surface until the required surface accuracy is processed;
4)完成工作后关闭所有开关。4) Turn off all switches after finishing the work.
本发明超声辅助电火花沉积修复与超声抛光一体化的装置由于采用超声辅助电火花沉积与超声抛光复合的结构,利用电火花沉积工艺通过电能把阳极材料涂镀到阴极(模具工件)上去的原理和超声机械振动摩擦作用的复合来实现模具表面缺陷的修复,同时在修复完成后利用了超声振动的能量可完成修复后的后续加工——对修复后的模具表面进行机械打磨。由于综合运用了电火花沉积加工工艺与超声抛光技术的优点,具有修复成本低,修复精度较高的特点,超声辅助电火花沉积与超声抛光复合的模具修复及抛光的复合加工不仅能够对模具失效表面材料进行高效率的修复,适用于难用大型修复设备进行修复的场合,而且其电极装置巧妙利用了超声效应和电极高速旋转机械磨削效应的各自优势,拓宽了修复领域,提高沉积修复层的质量,并且可以在电火花沉积修复后可利用超声振动和电极装置末端的旋转用于修复层的抛光,加工的精度高,表面质量好。本发明的超声辅助电火花沉积修复与超声抛光一体化的装置修复成本低,修复精度较高。本发明的超声辅助电火花沉积修复与超声抛光一体化的方法操作简单,方便实用。The ultrasonic-assisted EDM repair and ultrasonic polishing integrated device of the present invention adopts the composite structure of ultrasonic-assisted EDM and ultrasonic polishing, and uses the EDM process to coat the anode material on the cathode (mold workpiece) through electric energy. Combining with ultrasonic mechanical vibration and friction to realize the repair of mold surface defects, and at the same time after the repair is completed, the energy of ultrasonic vibration can be used to complete the follow-up processing after repair-mechanical grinding of the repaired mold surface. Due to the comprehensive use of the advantages of EDM processing technology and ultrasonic polishing technology, it has the characteristics of low repair cost and high repair accuracy. The combined mold repair and polishing of ultrasonic assisted EDM deposition and ultrasonic polishing can not only repair the mold High-efficiency repair of surface materials is suitable for occasions where it is difficult to repair with large-scale repair equipment, and its electrode device cleverly utilizes the respective advantages of the ultrasonic effect and the high-speed rotating mechanical grinding effect of the electrode, which broadens the repair field and improves the deposition repair layer. The quality, and can use ultrasonic vibration and the rotation of the end of the electrode device to polish the repair layer after EDM repair, with high processing precision and good surface quality. The device of the present invention integrating ultrasonic assisted electric spark deposition repair and ultrasonic polishing has low repair cost and high repair precision. The method for the integration of ultrasonic-assisted electric spark deposition repair and ultrasonic polishing of the present invention is simple in operation, convenient and practical.
附图说明: Description of drawings:
图1为本发明的原理图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
图2为本发明电极装置的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the structural representation of electrode device of the present invention;
图3为图2在换能器旋转90°后的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of Fig. 2 after the transducer is rotated by 90°.
1外端盖;2调速电机;3二段外壳;4螺钉;5电机主轴;6电线、保护气体通孔;7螺栓;8弹簧;9、10换能器接线杆;11换能器;12电极接线杆;13保护气体接管;14五段外壳;15绝缘垫片;16末端端盖;17工具材料(电极材料或抛光油石);18装夹头;19导电垫片;20滑块;21绝缘陶瓷轴;22四段外壳;23、25换能器导电垫片;24绝缘垫片;26绝缘垫片;27法兰;28、29换能器接电滚动圆盘;30三段外壳;31氩气瓶;32压力减压表;33通气软管;34电源及控制箱;35接线;36电火花沉积电源的阴极;37电极装置;38被修复模具;39工件夹头;40外壳。1. Outer end cover; 2. Speed-regulating motor; 3. Second-section housing; 4. Screws; 5. Motor spindle; 6. Electric wires, protective gas through holes; 7. Bolts; 12 electrode terminal rod; 13 protective gas connection; 14 five-section shell; 15 insulating gasket; 16 end cap; 17 tool material (electrode material or polished oil stone); 21 Insulated ceramic shaft; 22 Four-section casing; 23, 25 Transducer conductive gasket; 24 Insulation gasket; 26 Insulation gasket; 27 Flange; ; 31 argon cylinder; 32 pressure and decompression gauge; 33 ventilation hose; 34 power supply and control box; 35 wiring; 36 cathode of electric spark deposition power supply; 37 electrode device; 38 repaired mold; .
具体实施方式: Detailed ways:
实施例:Example:
本发明的结构示意图如图1、2、3所示,包括有气体供给装置、电源及控制箱34、接线35、电极装置37、工件夹头39,其中气体供给装置包括有氩气瓶31、压力减压表32、通气软管33,电极装置37包括有外壳40、电机主轴5、第一换能器接线杆9、第二换能器接线杆10、换能器11、电极接线杆12、保护气体接管13、工具材料17、装夹头18、导电垫片19、滑块20、绝缘陶瓷轴21、第二换能器导电垫片23、第一换能器导电垫片25、绝缘垫片24、绝缘垫片26、第一换能器接电滚动圆盘28、第二换能器接电滚动圆盘29,其中电机主轴5通过法兰27与换能器11连接,换能器11的第一换能器接线杆9及第二换能器接线杆10分别与第一换能器导电垫片25及第二换能器导电垫片23连接,第一换能器导电垫片25及第二换能器导电垫片23分别与第一换能器接电滚动圆盘28、第二换能器接电滚动圆盘29连接,电火花沉积的阳极接线与电极接线杆12连接,电极接线杆12与滑块20连接,滑块20与通过绝缘陶瓷轴21与装夹头18连接,工具材料17夹紧在装夹头18上,接线35包括有电机正负极接线、换能器的正负电极接线和电火花沉积淀的阳极接线五根根线,调速电机2与电机正负极接线连接,换能器的正负接线分别与第一换能器接线杆9、第二换能器接线杆10连接,通过压力减压表32与氩气瓶31连接的通气软管33与电极装置37中的保护气体接管13的一端连接,保护气体接管13的另一端与装夹头18及工具材料17所在的安装腔体相通,电源及控制箱34中的电源部分包括超声电源及电火花沉积电源,超声电源与换能器11连接,电火花沉积电源的阳极与电极接线杆12连接,电火花沉积电源的阴极36与工件夹头39连接,被修复模具38装夹在工件夹头39上。由于在进行修复与抛光过程中所受的扭矩力很小,所以直流调速电机2可以选择小功率电机。换能器11选择夹心式陶瓷压电换能器,本发明需要的超声振动功率为100W左右,超声频率为20KZH左右,夹心式陶瓷压电换能器在几十千赫到几十千赫的低频率正常工作,而且夹心式换能器的夹紧机构有预紧力,增大了换能器的机械强度。调速电机2接通直流电后产生0~2400r/min的转速,同时换能器11接通电源后将产生纵向的高频振动,换能器11通过法兰27与电机主轴5连接后,电机以下的部分将会获得高速的旋转与轴向的高频振动复合运动。The structural representation of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, comprises gas supply device, power supply and control box 34, wiring 35, electrode device 37, work chuck 39, and wherein gas supply device comprises argon cylinder 31, Pressure decompression gauge 32, ventilation hose 33, electrode device 37 includes shell 40, motor main shaft 5, first transducer terminal rod 9, second transducer terminal rod 10, transducer 11, electrode terminal rod 12 , protective gas connection 13, tool material 17, clamping head 18, conductive gasket 19, slider 20, insulating ceramic shaft 21, second transducer conductive gasket 23, first transducer conductive gasket 25, insulation Gasket 24, insulating gasket 26, the first transducer is connected to the electric rolling disk 28, and the second transducer is connected to the electric rolling disk 29, wherein the motor spindle 5 is connected to the transducer 11 through the flange 27, and the energy conversion The first transducer terminal rod 9 and the second transducer terminal rod 10 of the device 11 are respectively connected with the first transducer conductive pad 25 and the second transducer conductive pad 23, and the first transducer conductive pad The sheet 25 and the second transducer conductive gasket 23 are respectively connected to the first transducer connected to the electric rolling disk 28 and the second transducer to the electric rolling disk 29, and the anode connection of the EDM is connected to the electrode connecting rod 12 connection, the electrode terminal rod 12 is connected to the slider 20, the slider 20 is connected to the clamping head 18 through the insulating ceramic shaft 21, the tool material 17 is clamped on the clamping head 18, and the wiring 35 includes the motor positive and negative wiring, The positive and negative electrode wiring of the transducer and the five wires of the anode wiring deposited by EDM, the speed regulating motor 2 is connected to the positive and negative pole wiring of the motor, and the positive and negative wiring of the transducer are respectively connected to the first transducer terminal rod 9 1. The second
本实施例中,上述电火花沉积的阳极接线通过外壳40所设的电线、保护气体通孔6与电极接线杆12连接。上述换能器的正负接线通过外壳40所设的电线、保护气体通孔6分别与第一换能器接线杆9、第二换能器接线杆10连接。In this embodiment, the anode connection of the above-mentioned electric spark deposition is connected to the
上述电极接线杆12与外壳40之间设有绝缘垫片15。An insulating
本实施例中,上述电机主轴5通过法兰27及螺栓7、弹簧8与换能器11连接。弹簧8的作用是缓冲减振,降低换能器11产生的高频轴向振动对电机主轴5的影响。上述调速电机2通过螺钉4固定在外壳40上。In this embodiment, the
上述工具材料17为在电火花沉积修复时使用的电极材料或在抛光时使用的抛光油石,工具材料17在电火花沉积修复时使用的电极材料可以选择硬质合金、模具钢等,其形状做成圆柱形,以方便装夹。The above-mentioned
为了方便内部零部件的装配,外壳40分为6段,包括有依次连接的外端盖1、二段外壳3、三段外壳30、四段外壳22、五段外壳14、末端端盖16,每段之间通过螺纹连接,其制作材料为铝合金,而且在外壳的外表面均要涂镀一层绝缘材料,其目的是提高安全性,防止漏电,避免对操作人员的伤害。In order to facilitate the assembly of internal components, the
本实施例中,上述第一换能器接线杆9、第二换能器接线杆10通过第一绝缘垫片24隔开,第二换能器导电垫片23及第一换能器导电垫片25与外壳40之间设有第二绝缘垫片26,第一绝缘垫片24及第二绝缘垫片26完成对各部分的绝缘工作。In this embodiment, the above-mentioned first
本发明超声辅助电火花沉积修复与超声抛光一体化装置的核心部分是电极装置,它能够在修复时让电极材料实现绕轴的高速旋转与轴向的高频超声振动的复合运动,达到能对各种形状的模具大厚度,高表面质量表面修复。电源及控制箱34中的控制系统包括总控系统、电源控制系统、电极调速系统以及保护气体控制系统等,该控制体系能通过实时控制和协调电参数、电极旋转速度、保护气体的流速,来达到实时合理地组合加工过程中电能和机械能,达到最优的加工效果的目的。该控制系统主要包括电源的电容、电容两端之间的电压、沉积厚度监测装置、加工过程监控装置、电机驱动器以及电源等控制模块。电源控制系统既可以根据工作要求的需要,对电火花沉积修复参数进行调节,也可以保障修复与抛光之间的功能转换。电源及控制箱34中的加工电源是超声电源与电火花沉积电源的集成电源,其内部包含有相应的电源控制系统,且与总控制系统连接,控制系统能根据修复的需要,调整电机转速、放电频率、加工电压等参数。电源可以采取直流电源或脉冲电源等各种形式,电能的传递形式和供给能量由相应的电源控制系统来控制。保护气体供给系统可以防止修复时发生的电极材料氧化。The core part of the ultrasonic-assisted electric spark deposition repair and ultrasonic polishing integrated device of the present invention is the electrode device, which can allow the electrode material to realize the compound movement of high-speed rotation around the axis and high-frequency ultrasonic vibration in the axial direction during repair, so as to achieve Large thickness of molds of various shapes, surface repair with high surface quality. The control system in the power supply and
本发明使电能与机械能高效结合,同时通过电极装置,不仅把电火花沉积修复这一工艺发挥的淋漓尽致,而且通过引入超声振动的能量,使模具修复过程中的修复与打磨能够在一台设备上能够便捷、快速地在一台设备上进行,能够大大提高修复效率,节约修复成本。同时,本发明在电火花沉积修复的同时,融入超声振动后,可以细化电火花沉积修复层的晶粒结构,提高沉积层的结合强度,而且由于在沉积的过程中,电极具有高频的振动与高速的旋转复合运动,复合运动的引入利于电极材料均匀地沉积到基体材料上去,从而有利于沉积厚度的提高。另外,本发明的电极装置通过能换器与电机的柔性结合,尾端能够实现高速的旋转与超声的高频振动的复合运动形式,此独特的运动形式,不仅能够有利于保障沉积修复层的质量,还可以防止电极与被修复模具长接触引起的短路,避免了模具表层的短路烧坏。The invention combines electrical energy and mechanical energy efficiently, and at the same time, through the electrode device, not only the process of EDM deposition repair is brought into full play, but also by introducing the energy of ultrasonic vibration, the repair and grinding in the process of mold repair can be performed on one piece of equipment. It can be performed conveniently and quickly on one piece of equipment, which can greatly improve repair efficiency and save repair costs. At the same time, the present invention can refine the grain structure of the EDM repair layer and improve the bonding strength of the deposited layer after the ultrasonic vibration is integrated into the EDM repair process, and because the electrode has a high-frequency vibration during the deposition process. Vibration and high-speed rotation composite motion, the introduction of composite motion is conducive to the uniform deposition of electrode materials on the base material, which is conducive to the increase of deposition thickness. In addition, through the flexible combination of the energy converter and the motor, the electrode device of the present invention can realize the composite movement form of high-speed rotation and ultrasonic high-frequency vibration at the tail end. The quality can also prevent the short circuit caused by the long contact between the electrode and the repaired mold, and avoid the short circuit burnout of the surface layer of the mold.
本发明超声辅助电火花沉积修复与超声抛光一体化装置的加工工艺,其包括如下步骤:The processing technology of the ultrasonic-assisted electric spark deposition repair and ultrasonic polishing integrated device of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1)接通电火花沉积电源,即将电极接线杆12接正极,被修复模具38接负极,接通调速电机2及换能器11,开启气体供给装置的保护气体开关,手持电极装置37在被修复模具38表面横向地来回移动,直到修复到需要的尺寸为止;1) Turn on the electric spark deposition power supply, that is, connect the
2)根据被修复模具38的材料特性,在电源及控制箱34的控制面板上调整各参数,以便使修复在最佳工艺参数下进行;2) According to the material characteristics of the repaired
3)关闭电火花沉积电源与保护气体开关,把工具材料17在电火花沉积修复时使用的电极材料换成抛光油石,对沉积后的表面进行抛光打磨,直到加工到需要的表面精度;3) Turn off the electric spark deposition power supply and the protective gas switch, replace the electrode material used by the
4)完成工作后关闭所有开关。4) Turn off all switches after finishing the work.
本发明高能量密度的脉冲电能通过电极装置末端的电极材料对需要修复的模具进行放电加工,而此时超声振动的能量通过电极装置的末端(电极材料)施加到修复模具的表面,本发明方法通过在沉积修复的同时辅助以高频的超声振动和高速旋转运动,可以把强大超声波施加到模具介面,使模具表层材料物理效应在此发生强烈反应,进而瞬间激活金属品格中的粒子,使金属片相合处的分子相互渗透而有利于金属的结合,还能够使电极材料均匀,致密地沉积到模具上,同时涂层不会骤冷骤热,避免了由热应力积累形成的微裂纹,有利于涂层的增厚。修复步骤完成后,本发明还可以利用高频的超声振动能量和电极的高速旋转来对修复后的模具表面进行光整打磨抛光,从而不仅能够获得大厚度、高致密、好的表面质量的沉积修复层,而且大大降低了修复抛光成本,提高了修复的效率。The high-energy-density pulse electric energy of the present invention carries out electrical discharge machining on the mold to be repaired through the electrode material at the end of the electrode device, and at this time, the energy of ultrasonic vibration is applied to the surface of the repaired mold through the end of the electrode device (electrode material), the method of the present invention By assisting high-frequency ultrasonic vibration and high-speed rotational motion while depositing and repairing, powerful ultrasonic waves can be applied to the mold interface, so that the physical effect of the mold surface material reacts strongly here, and then instantly activates the particles in the metal lattice, making the metal The molecules at the joints of the sheets penetrate each other, which is beneficial to the combination of metals. It can also make the electrode material be deposited on the mold uniformly and densely. Conducive to the thickening of the coating. After the repairing step is completed, the present invention can also use high-frequency ultrasonic vibration energy and high-speed rotation of the electrode to smooth, polish and polish the repaired mold surface, so as to not only obtain deposits with large thickness, high density and good surface quality Repair layer, and greatly reduce the cost of repair polishing, improve the efficiency of repair.
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