CN101278865B - 分区式组织工程脊髓 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种分区式组织工程脊髓,包括脊髓外导管、中央导管,在脊髓外导管中设置与脊髓灰质形状相同的灰质导管,在白质区域中按上行纤维束、下行纤维束的几何形态分别设置相应的导管。本发明能起正确引导作用,使脊髓灰质与白质及白质内上行纤维束和下行纤维束彼此分在不同区域中生长的分区式组织工程脊髓。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种人工脊髓。
背景技术:
随着社会现代化进程和人们生活节奏的加快,不可避免的会出现更多的交通事故、高空坠落、运动意外等事件,同时频繁的局部战争和暴力事件及地震等自然灾害,均会造成脊髓损伤(spinal cord injure,SCI)的病人日趋增多。SCI的发生率各国虽没有精确的数据,但一般估计在20~60人/100万人/年。SCI是一种致残率极高、后果十分严重的中枢神经系统损伤,损伤部位多发生于颈椎部及腰椎段的脊髓,会引起损伤平面以下运动、感觉功能的丧失,同时带来慢性疼痛,甚至心理障碍。由于SCI较高的发生率和致残率,目前尚无有效的治疗办法,又多发于少年至壮年的年龄阶段,这必然给患者、家庭及整个社会带来沉重的经济和精神负担。目前临床上遇到SCI病人时,仅仅局限于借用一些药物并结合少量的物理治疗手段来减缓瘫痪程度。因此,SCI的治疗一直是困扰医学界的世界性难题之一。
人们偿试构建人工支架材料和/或辅加种子细胞或细胞因子,修复脊髓损伤,其中材料构型被设计成海绵胶状(甚至是液体材料注入损伤处让其凝固成胶状物)、或纤维状、或多微管状、或多管状、或单管状等等。但由于这些人工支架材料仍存在着许多不尽如人意的问题、尤其是构型问题,影响了其修复效果,因此要使它们能真正达到临床应用目的,还需要做出很大努力。
纵观各类植入于损伤脊髓的人工支架材料报道及申请专利,我们认为在已使用的支架材料修复脊髓的研究中,所采用的材料构型是无法达到这一正确引导再生神经纤维沿着原来上下行纤维束特定区域延伸的目的,这也是目前制约人工支架材料有效修复脊髓损伤的关键问题之一。因为目前采用的支架材料虽然有孔隙、甚至是单个或多个导管,但由于这些孔或导管的位置相对于脊髓的结构来讲是随机的,并未和脊髓的灰质和白质组织学结构吻合,更没有和白质中主要上行纤维束与下行纤维束对应。因此在这样的支架材料中,位于脊髓周边白质内分区分布的上下行纤维束即使再生,也只能在不匹配的甚至是错位的管道或微孔中生长,造成再生神经纤维无法规则地在相应区域部位生长和延伸,而只能杂乱无序地生长,最终导致上、下行再生纤维互相缠绕成团影响其它纤维的延伸或神经元的迁移,使修复效果大打折扣。
因此,设计及构建与脊髓灰质和白质、白质主要上行纤维束和下行纤维束相对吻合的人工支架材料构型是组织工程修复脊髓损伤的前提,也是目前迫切需要解决的关键问题。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于提供一种能起正确引导作用,使脊髓灰质与白质及白质内上行纤维束和下行纤维束彼此分在不同区域中生长的分区式组织工程脊髓。
本发明的技术解决方案是:
一种分区式组织工程脊髓,其特征是:包括脊髓外导管、中央导管,在脊髓外导管中设置与脊髓灰质形状相同的灰质导管,在白质区域中按上行纤维束、下行纤维束的几何形态分别设置相应的导管。
脊髓外导管的降解速度小于其他导管的降解速度。白质区域中的导管中,设有纤维支架。组成导管的化学物质是壳聚糖、甲壳素、聚乙醇酸、聚己内酯、聚氨基酸、氨基聚糖、胶原、聚乳酸中的一种或几种的混合物。在导管中含有治疗作用的细胞因子。所述有治疗作用的细胞因子是神经营养因子-3、脑源性神经营养因子、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子中的一种或几种。导管中含有治疗作用的药物。
构成分区式组织工程脊髓的种子细胞是骨髓基质干细胞、神经干细胞、雪旺氏细胞、嗅鞘细胞、胚胎干细胞中的一种或几种。
本发明首先能起正确引导作用,使脊髓灰质与白质、白质内主要上行纤维束与下行纤维束相对定位的在分隔小区内生长,尤其是上行纤维束和下行纤维束彼此分在不同区域中生长。导管内分区隔断能在脊髓再生一段时间内即先行降解,保证再生脊髓的水平方向形成神经网络联系;而导管外管壁须在缺损处脊髓再生相对完成后再行降解。分隔小区中的纤维成份便于引导神经元及神经胶质细胞迁移,有利于神经纤维延伸。另外,分区式人工脊髓导管中可含有细胞因子及药物,以利于损伤脊髓的再生。分区式组织工程脊髓中种子细胞能分泌一些活性物质,更好地改善脊髓再生的微环境或分化成相应神经组织中的细胞,促进脊髓修复。
附图说明:
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
附图是本发明的结构示图。
具体实施方式:
一种分区式组织工程脊髓,包括脊髓外导管1、中央导管2,在脊髓外导管中设置与脊髓灰质形状相同的灰质导管3,在白质区域中按上行纤维束、下行纤维束的几何形态分别设置相应的导管4。
脊髓外导管的降解速度小于其他导管的降解速度。白质区域中的导管中,设有纤维支架。组成导管的化学物质是壳聚糖、甲壳素、聚乙醇酸、聚己内酯、聚氨基酸、氨基聚糖、胶原、聚乳酸中的一种或几种的混合物。在导管中含有治疗作用的细胞因子。所述有治疗作用的细胞因子是神经营养因子-3、脑源性神经营养因子、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子中的一种或几种。导管中含有治疗作用的药物。
构成分区式组织工程脊髓的种子细胞是骨髓基质干细胞、神经干细胞、雪旺氏细胞、嗅鞘细胞、胚胎干细胞中的一种或几种。
Claims (5)
1.一种分区式组织工程脊髓,其特征是:包括脊髓外导管、中央导管,在脊髓外导管中设置与脊髓灰质形状相同的灰质导管,在白质区域中按上行纤维束、下行纤维束的几何形态分别设置相应的导管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分区式组织工程脊髓,其特征是:脊髓外导管的降解速度小于其他导管的降解速度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的分区式组织工程脊髓,其特征是:
白质区域中的导管中,设有纤维支架。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的分区式组织工程脊髓,其特征是:组成导管的化学物质是壳聚糖、甲壳素、聚乙醇酸、聚己内酯、聚氨基酸、氨基聚糖、胶原、聚乳酸中的一种或几种的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的分区式组织工程脊髓,其特征是:构成分区式组织工程脊髓的种子细胞是骨髓基质干细胞、神经干细胞、雪旺氏细胞、嗅鞘细胞、胚胎干细胞中的一种或几种。
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CN104353113A (zh) * | 2014-08-29 | 2015-02-18 | 中山大学 | 一种用于修复脊髓损伤的类脊髓样组织的构建 |
CN105709278B (zh) * | 2015-05-06 | 2019-05-21 | 上海蓝十字脑科医院有限公司 | 分区域含有定向轴突的组织工程脊髓 |
CN105342731A (zh) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-24 | 中国人民武装警察部队后勤学院附属医院 | 一种比格犬脊髓定向通道支架及其制备方法 |
CN105380728A (zh) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-03-09 | 中国人民武装警察部队后勤学院附属医院 | 一种人用高仿真胶原脊髓支架及其制备方法 |
CN107185043A (zh) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-09-22 | 南通大学 | 分区式壳聚糖‑明胶‑聚乙二醇脊髓支架及其制备方法 |
CN111603608B (zh) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-12-10 | 南通大学 | 普鲁兰多糖-透明质酸-微纤维脊髓支架及其制备方法 |
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US6235041B1 (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 2001-05-22 | Karolinska Innovations Ab | Medical device for treatment of a gap or defect in the central nerve system |
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