CN101266153B - Mapping engineering top total station accuracy assessment method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a precision evaluation method of peg-top total station of mapping engineering, comprising the steps of: establishing a contrast control network to test the precision of the peg-top total station, processing triangular mesh measurement for the contrast control network by the total station with 0.5s level angle measuring precision to obtain an angle measuring achievement of the total station; measuring the contrast control network by GPS to obtain a GPS measuring achievement; processing peg-top directional measurement to a measuring line in the contrast control network by the peg-top total station with undetermined precision to obtain a peg-top directional achievement; comparing and analyzing the angle measuring achievement and the GPS measuring achievement with the peg-top directional achievement; obtaining the direction precision index of the peg-top total station according to analytical result. The method responses the directional precision of the peg-top total station objectively and detects the peg-top total station according to the method.

Description

Mapping engineering top total station accuracy assessment method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of mapping engineering top total station accuracy assessment method.

Background technology

Gyroscope total station is a kind of that gyroscope and total powerstation are integrated in one and have round-the-clock, round-the-clock, rapidly and efficiently independently measure the fine measuring instrument in orientation, geographical north.The high accuracy gyroscope total powerstation is in the national defence topographic support and concern and bringing into play irreplaceable effect aspect the energy, traffic and the underground foundation Facilities Construction of national economic development lifeblood.

Along with the step of China's underground engineering construction is constantly accelerated, engineerings such as tunnel, city underground and market place builet below the ground starts successively at the bottom of mine, seabed tunnel, the river, the market demand of gyroscope total station will significantly increase, yet still there is not a cover clear and definite at home, at the method standard of top total station accuracy index evaluation, gyroscope total station is examined and determine for the instrument vertification regulation that surveying instrument calibrating department does not have to follow yet.This has restricted the application market of gyroscope total station greatly, has also proposed a difficult problem for the research and development of novel gyroscope total station.

Summary of the invention

Technical matters to be solved by this invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of mapping engineering top total station accuracy assessment method of orientation accuracy index that can objective reaction gyroscope total station is provided.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of mapping engineering top total station accuracy assessment method, and it mainly comprises following step:

(1) sets up the comparison control net that is used to test top total station accuracy;

(2) utilize the total powerstation of 0.5 second level of angle measurement accuracy that comparison control net is carried out area triangulation, obtain the measurement of angle achievement of total powerstation; Utilize GPS that comparison control net is measured, obtain GPS and measure achievement;

(3) gyroscope total station with precision undetermined carries out gyrostatic orientation survey to survey line in the comparison control net, obtains the gyrostatic orientation survey achievement;

(4) the measurement of angle achievement of the total powerstation in gyrocompassing achievement in the step (3) and the step (2) is compared, and according to the Bai Saier computing formula $m=\sqrt{\frac{\left[\mathrm{VV}\right]}{n-1}}$ And law of propagation of errors $m_{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^2={2\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="S200810018048XE00021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^2$ Draw $m=\sqrt{\frac{\left[\mathrm{VV}\right]}{2n-2}},$ Orientation accuracy to gyroscope total station calculates; Wherein, m represents error in the survey line orientation, m _αRepresent error in the measurement of angle, n represents the measured angular number of degrees, and V represents relatively poor between total station survey angle achievement and the gyrocompassing achievement;

(5) GPS in gyrocompassing achievement in the step (3) and the step (2) is measured achievement and compare, and according to the Bai Saier computing formula $m=\sqrt{\frac{\left[\mathrm{VV}\right]}{n-1}}$ Orientation accuracy to gyroscope total station calculates, wherein, error in the m representative, the number of n representative comparison direction, V represent relatively poor between GPS measurement achievement and the gyrocompassing achievement;

(6) result of calculation of the gyroscope total station orientation accuracy that obtains according to step (4) and step (5) draws the orientation accuracy index of gyroscope total station.

Described GPS measures, and according to the requirement of GPS field operation specifications of surveys, according to the standard of AA level net comparison control net is measured; By the gps data the poster processing soft measurement coordinate of field data acquisition is carried out that baseline resolves and the net adjustment, obtain each reference mark volume coordinate (X, Y, Z); (X, Y Z) are converted to terrestrial coordinate (B with volume coordinate, L, H), according to terrestrial coordinate (B, the L at each reference mark, H) calculate the meridian convergence of each point, (B, L H) project on the Gaussian plane with the terrestrial coordinate at each reference mark again, and, obtain the grid azimuth of each survey line according to position angle calculating formula; Calculate the true north azimuth of each survey line according to the meridian convergence at the grid azimuth of survey line and reference mark.

The measurement of angle achievement of described gyrocompassing achievement and total powerstation is compared and be may further comprise the steps:

(1) the gyrocompassing achievement between the survey line is subtracted each other, ask for angle between the survey line;

(2) with the measurement of angle achievement comparison of angle and total powerstation between the survey line that obtains in the step (1), try to achieve relatively poor V;

(3) compare at each reference mark, ask for relatively poor V ₁, V ₂... V _n

(4) all are calculated than the difference induction-arrangement, reject the fragmentary data of part contain rough error, it is than difference＞3 σ, σ is a standard deviation, with reduced data according to formula $m=\sqrt{\frac{\left[\mathrm{VV}\right]}{n-1}}/\sqrt{2}$ Calculate; Wherein, m represents error in the survey line orientation, m _αRepresent error in the measurement of angle, n represents the measured angular number of degrees, and V represents relatively poor between total station survey angle achievement and the gyrocompassing achievement.

Described gyrocompassing achievement and GPS measurement achievement are compared and be may further comprise the steps:

(1) on a certain reference mark with any direction as reference direction, the gyroscopic azimuth of this survey line that gyro is measured with measure by GPS real north value that achievement calculates do poor, the computing equipment constant; The instrument constant of gyroscope total station adopts a reference mark one Calculation Method to carry out;

(2), ask for the true north azimuth of all the other surveys line with the gyroscopic azimuth value addition of all the other surveys line at the instrument constant that obtains in the step (1) and this reference mark;

(3) with all the other survey line real north values that obtain in the step (2) and the real north value that calculates by GPS measurement achievement, relatively poor V is tried to achieve in comparison;

(4) compare at each reference mark, ask for relatively poor V ₁, V ₂... V _n

With all calculate than the difference induction-arrangement, reject the fragmentary data of part contain rough error, it is than difference＞3 σ, σ is a standard deviation, with reduced data according to formula $m=\sqrt{\frac{\left[\mathrm{VV}\right]}{n-1}}$ Calculate; Wherein, error in the m representative, the number of n representative comparison direction, V represent relatively poor between GPS measurement achievement and the gyrocompassing achievement.

The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages: the present invention has formulated the mapping engineering top total station accuracy assessment method of cover orientation accuracy index clear and definite, can objective reaction gyroscope total station, also can follow this method for surveying instrument calibrating department gyroscope total station is examined and determine.This method has promoted the application market of gyroscope total station greatly.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the inventive method.

Fig. 2 is gyroscope total station comparison control net synoptic diagram of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

The 1-reference mark; The 2-survey line;

Embodiment

A kind of mapping engineering top total station accuracy assessment method as shown in Figure 1 may further comprise the steps:

1) set up the comparison control net that is used to test top total station accuracy, as shown in Figure 2, comparison control net comprises a plurality of reference mark 1, but forms a survey line 2 between two intervisibility reference mark; Distance between the comparison control net mid point should be controlled between 150m～400m; Keep the intervisibility between the adjacent reference mark 1, and the fieldwork observation condition that do not have around the reference mark 1 large-area waters, hi-line etc. are unfavorable for that GPS measures, comparison control net 1 should be selected in and both help gyrocompassing observation and also help the spacious open area that GPS measures;

2) utilize total powerstation that comparison control net is carried out the high precision area triangulation, obtain the measurement of angle achievement of total powerstation; Utilize GPS that comparison control net is measured, obtain GPS and measure achievement;

Total powerstation area triangulation: select the accurate total powerstation of 0.5 second level of angle measurement accuracy for use, four survey time of every control point survey, carry out measurement of angle according to direction method; Range observation is adopted to come and go and is measured each two survey time; Obtain the measurement of angle achievement of total powerstation.

The GPS field operation is measured: according to the standard of AA level net comparison control net is carried out GPS and measure;

Industry data processing in the GPS.Adopt high-precision GPS Data Post software the gps data of field data acquisition to be carried out baseline resolves and carry out the net adjustment; Baseline resolves and net adjustment process is not all introduced any external data; Controlled space of points coordinate (X, Y, Z).

Gps data achievement conversion: ((B, L H), and according to the terrestrial coordinate at each reference mark, pass through formula Z) to be converted to terrestrial coordinate for X, Y with the reference mark volume coordinate that calculates

$\mathrm{\&gamma;}=\sin \mathrm{Bl}(1+\frac{1}{3}{\cos }^{2}B(1+{3\mathrm{\&eta;}}^2+{2\mathrm{\&eta;}}^4){\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="S200810018048XE00021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}^2+\frac{1}{15}{\cos }^{4}B(2-t^2)l^4)$

Wherein, γ represents meridian convergence, and B represents latitude, l representative and central meridian difference of longitude, η=e ' ²CosB, e ' ²Be eccentricity of ellipsoid, t=tanB

Calculate the meridian convergence of each point, again with the coordinate projection of each point on Gaussian plane, and calculate formula according to the position angle, calculate the grid azimuth of survey line between each bar intervisibility reference mark.Calculate the true north azimuth of each survey line according to the meridian convergence at the grid azimuth of survey line and reference mark.

3) gyrostatic orientation survey: use the gyroscope total station of precision undetermined that survey line in the comparison control net is carried out gyrostatic orientation survey; Obtain the gyrocompassing achievement, i.e. the gyroscopic azimuth of each bar survey line.

4) the measurement of angle achievement of gyrocompassing achievement and total powerstation is compared, may further comprise the steps:

A) the gyrocompassing achievement between the survey line is subtracted each other, ask for angle between the survey line;

B) with the measurement of angle achievement comparison of angle and total powerstation between the survey line that obtains in the step (a), try to achieve relatively poor V;

C) each angle in comparison control net is compared, and asks for relatively poor V ₁, V ₂... V _n

With all calculate than the difference induction-arrangement, reject the fragmentary data of part contain rough error, with reduced data according to the Bai Saier computing formula $m=\sqrt{\frac{\left[\mathrm{VV}\right]}{n-1}}$ And law of propagation of errors $m_{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^2={2\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="S200810018048XE00021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^2$ Draw $m=\sqrt{\frac{\left[\mathrm{VV}\right]}{2n-2}},$ Orientation accuracy to gyroscope total station calculates;

Wherein, m represents error in the survey line orientation, m _αRepresent error in the measurement of angle, n represents the measured angular number of degrees, and V represents relatively poor between total station survey angle achievement and the gyrocompassing achievement;

5) gyrocompassing achievement and GPS measurement achievement are compared, and according to the Bai Saier computing formula $m=\sqrt{\frac{\left[\mathrm{VV}\right]}{n-1}},$ Orientation accuracy to gyroscope total station is evaluated.Comparison may further comprise the steps:

The instrument constant of gyroscope total station adopts a reference mark one Calculation Method to carry out;

A) on a certain reference mark with any direction as reference direction, the gyroscopic azimuth of this survey line that gyro is measured with measure by GPS real north value that achievement calculates do poor, the computing equipment constant;

B), ask for the true north azimuth of all the other surveys line with the gyroscopic azimuth value addition of all the other surveys line at the instrument constant that obtains in the step (a) and this reference mark;

C) with all the other survey line real north values that obtain in the step (b) and the real north value that calculates by GPS measurement achievement, relatively poor V is tried to achieve in comparison;

D) compare at each reference mark, ask for relatively poor V ₁, V ₂... V _n

E) all are calculated than the difference induction-arrangement, reject the fragmentary data of part contain rough error, with reduced data according to formula $m=\sqrt{\frac{\left[\mathrm{VV}\right]}{n-1}}$ Error in calculating.

F) (e) give the Comprehensive Assessment result to the evaluation result of gyroscope total station orientation accuracy to the orientation accuracy of gyroscope total station in going on foot according to (d).

Comparison control net at first utilizes total powerstation that comparison control net is carried out area triangulation and obtains each angle value in the net, ∠ AOB, ∠ OAB, ∠ OBA, ∠ ACB or the like as shown in Figure 2.Again each point in the comparison control net is carried out the volume coordinate (X that GPS measures each point _O, Y _O, Z _O), (X _A, Y _A, Z _A), (X _B, Y _B, Z _B), (X _C, Y _C, Z _C) or the like, be terrestrial coordinate (B with space coordinate conversion _O, L _O, H _O), (B _A, L _A, H _A), (B _B, L _B, H _B), (B _C, L _C, H _C) or the like.

Can calculate the meridian convergence γ at each place, reference mark according to terrestrial coordinate _O, γ _A, γ _B, γ _COr the like; Simultaneously, again the terrestrial coordinate of each point is converted to Gauss plane coordinate (X _O, y _O), (X _A, y _A), (X _B, y _B), (X _C, y _C) or the like.

According to the grid azimuth of Gauss's coordinate Calculation survey line, and calculate the true north azimuth ∠ A of survey line with meridian convergence _OA, ∠ A _OBOr the like.

Utilize the gyroscope total station of precision to be measured that survey line in the comparison control net is carried out gyrocompassing, obtain the line direction value, draw survey line and T angular separation, both gyroscopic azimuth ∠ α _OA, ∠ α _OBOr the like.

Compare with the total powerstation achievement.With 0 be example, the N direction is a real north, the T direction be the gyroscope total station north of measuring to, by the gyroscopic azimuth ∠ α of survey line OA, OB _OA, ∠ α _OBCan calculate ∠ AOB '=∠ α _OB-∠ α _OAAnd the measured value of total powerstation is ∠ AOB, the two be V=∠ AOB '-∠ AOB than difference, according to the method, calculate in the comparison control net all the other each angles than difference V.Then according to the Bai Saier computing formula $m_{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}=\sqrt{\frac{\left[\mathrm{VV}\right]}{n-1},}$ Error m in the calculating _αBecause gyroscope total station is respectively independent orientation to be carried out on the both sides of angle, therefore exist according to law of propagation of errors $m_{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^2={2\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="S200810018048XE00021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^2,$ Therefore error is in the orientation of gyroscope total station $m=\sqrt{\frac{\left[\mathrm{VV}\right]}{n-1}}/\sqrt{2}.$

Compare with the GPS achievement.With 0 be example, as reference direction, calculate gyroscope total station instrument constant Δ with the OA direction _Instrument=∠ A _OA-∠ α _OA(instrument constant Δ _InstrumentDetermine by the way of repeatedly measuring averaged).Again with the gyroscopic azimuth ∠ α of this instrument constant and OB direction _OBAddition, the true north azimuth ∠ A ' of calculating survey line OB _OB=Δ _Instrument+ ∠ α _OBAnd be ∠ A by the true north azimuth that GPS measures the OB that achievement calculates _OB, the two be V=∠ A ' than difference _OB-∠ A _OB, according to the method, calculate all the other each survey line true north azimuths in the comparison control net than difference V.Then according to the Bai Saier computing formula $m=\sqrt{\frac{\left[\mathrm{VV}\right]}{n-1}},$ Error m in the calculating.

According to the middle error that aforementioned calculation draws, suppose that the calculated value of comparing with the total powerstation achievement is 3.7 ", the calculated value of comparing with the GPS achievement is 3.9 ", the orientation accuracy that gets final product the Comprehensive Assessment gyroscope total station is better than 5 ".

Principle of the present invention is:

The location survey achievement of GPS converts the true north azimuth of survey line to, and because the instrument constant of gyroscope total station on a certain reference mark must be stablized constant, therefore, according to any survey line, calibrating instrument constant wherein, utilize this instrument constant to cooperate the gyrocompassing value of all the other surveys line to calculate the true north azimuth of all the other surveys line again, and compare with the survey line true north azimuth that front gps position measurement achievement is converted to.Because the demarcation of instrument constant will be calculated the reference edge orientation error of instrument constant and transferred on other limits, therefore, add up the orientation error that can inquire into gyroscope total station according to the Bai Saier computing formula and by mass data.

Gyroscope total station is compared to the measurement achievement that the independent directed achievement of each bar survey line converts the angle and the total powerstation triangulation network at certain reference mark.Because the directed achievement of every survey line is separate, therefore, what relatively produce must be that the common influence of two survey line orientation errors causes than difference.Carry out lot of data statistics back as can be known by formula according to Bai Saier computing formula and law of propagation of errors $m=\sqrt{\frac{\left[\mathrm{VV}\right]}{n-1}}/\sqrt{2}$ Can inquire into the orientation error of gyroscope total station.

More than the gyro orientation error that obtains of two kinds of methods should be consistent, the numerical value that calculates by formula should be approaching mutually, mutual deviation is no more than 1 second.Being to calculate comparing by asking for the angle value after the angle of gyroscope total station is subtracted each other with the comparison statistics of total powerstation angle wherein, therefore mainly is that the accidental error to the gyroscope total station orientation survey detects; Then can objectively evaluate the orientation survey precision of gyroscope total station by the comparison of measuring achievement with GPS; Calculate conclusion, can evaluate for comprehensive above two kinds the orientation accuracy index of gyroscope total station.

Claims (1)

1. A surveying and mapping engineering class gyro total station accuracy evaluation method, which mainly includes the following steps: (1) Establish a comparison control network for testing the accuracy of gyro total stations; (2) Use a total station with an angle measurement accuracy of 0.5 seconds to compare the control network with triangulation to obtain the angle measurement results of the total station; use GPS to compare the control network to obtain GPS measurement results; (3) Use the gyro total station with undetermined accuracy to compare and compare the gyro orientation measurement with the internal survey line of the control network, and obtain the gyro orientation measurement results; (4) Compare the gyro orientation measurement results in step (3) with the angle measurement results of the total station in step (2), and calculate according to Bessel and the law of error propagation

inferred

Calculate the orientation accuracy of the gyro total station; Among them, m ₁ represents the error in the survey line orientation compared with the angle measurement results of the total station, m _α represents the error in the angle measurement, n ₁ represents the number of measured angles, and V ₁ represents the difference between the angle measurement results of the total station and Differences between gyroscopic orientation measurements; (5) Compare the gyro orientation measurement results in step (3) with the GPS measurement results in step (2), and calculate according to the Bessel calculation formula

Calculate the orientation accuracy of the gyro total station, Wherein, m ₂ represents the middle error compared with the GPS measurement results, n ₂ represents the number of comparison directions, and V ₂ represents the difference between the GPS measurement results and the gyroscope orientation measurement results; (6) According to the calculation results of the orientation accuracy of the gyro total station obtained in step (4) and step (5), the orientation accuracy index of the gyro total station is obtained.

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