CN101256903A - Silver-graphite electrical contact composite coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Silver-graphite electrical contact composite coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- RYKLZUPYJFFNRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypiperidin-2-one Chemical compound OC1CCCNC1=O RYKLZUPYJFFNRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEQAICDLOKRSRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO IEQAICDLOKRSRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000259 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver cyanide Chemical compound [Ag+].N#[C-] LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
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Abstract
一种银－石墨电接触复合镀层及其制备方法，属于金属材料技术领域。步骤为：配制复合电镀液，石墨颗粒分散，基体预处理，复合电镀。复合电镀液成分为：甲烷磺酸银0.05M/L－0.5M/L，丁二酰亚胺0.15M/L－1.5M/L，硼酸0.5M/L－0.5M/L，溶液中石墨含量2g/L－50g/L。所述复合镀层由银和石墨组成，其中，石墨的体积百分比为：1－15％，银的体积分数为85－99％，接触电阻1.2－2mΩ，硬度70－100Hv，致密度达到99.9％以上。本发明电镀液环保无毒害，超声能促进石墨颗粒的均匀分布，制备的复合镀层表面平整、致密度高。A silver-graphite electric contact composite coating and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of metal materials. The steps are: preparing composite electroplating solution, dispersing graphite particles, pretreating matrix, and composite electroplating. The composition of the composite electroplating solution is: silver methanesulfonate 0.05M/L-0.5M/L, succinimide 0.15M/L-1.5M/L, boric acid 0.5M/L-0.5M/L, graphite content in the solution 2g/L-50g/L. The composite coating is composed of silver and graphite, wherein the volume percentage of graphite is 1-15%, the volume fraction of silver is 85-99%, the contact resistance is 1.2-2mΩ, the hardness is 70-100Hv, and the density reaches more than 99.9%. . The electroplating solution of the invention is environmentally friendly and non-toxic, the ultrasonic wave can promote the uniform distribution of graphite particles, and the prepared composite coating has smooth surface and high density.
Description
技术领域technical field
发明涉及一种银-石墨复合材料及其制备方法，特别是一种银-石墨电接触复合镀层及其制备方法，属于金属材料技术领域。The invention relates to a silver-graphite composite material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a silver-graphite electric contact composite coating and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal materials.
背景技术Background technique
工业上广泛应用银作为电接触材料，但纯银硬度低、耐磨性较差、抗熔焊性较差。银和石墨的复合不仅具有优良的润滑性，而且能大幅提高银的抗氧化性及抗熔焊性，因此在需要滑动接触的部件上具有特别的应用优势。目前工业上主要采用粉末冶金的方法制备银-石墨复合材料，存在的问题材料致密度差，石墨分布不均匀，触头电寿命较差，且不能制备形状复杂的零件。此外据统计，目前世界上用于触头材料的银占全部用银量的四分之一。而银作为一种贵金属，成本高，采用复合电镀的方法制备触点材料，能减少银的损耗，且制备方法简单，在经济上有重大的意义。Silver is widely used as an electrical contact material in industry, but pure silver has low hardness, poor wear resistance, and poor welding resistance. The composite of silver and graphite not only has excellent lubricity, but also greatly improves the oxidation resistance and welding resistance of silver, so it has special application advantages in parts that require sliding contact. At present, powder metallurgy is mainly used in the industry to prepare silver-graphite composite materials. There are problems such as poor material density, uneven distribution of graphite, poor electrical life of contacts, and the inability to prepare parts with complex shapes. In addition, according to statistics, the silver used for contact materials in the world accounts for a quarter of the total amount of silver used. As a precious metal, silver has high cost. The contact material is prepared by composite electroplating, which can reduce the loss of silver, and the preparation method is simple, which has great economic significance.
经对现有技术的茶新，德国Siemens公司在氰化镀银体系下开发了复合电镀制备银-石墨复合镀层的工艺方法，但存在的问题是制备的镀层表面粗糙、疏松多孔，导致磨损量大，使用寿命不长。同时由于氰化物是剧毒的，对环境造成巨大的污染，即将面临淘汰。Based on the innovation of the prior art, Siemens Company of Germany developed a process method for preparing silver-graphite composite coating by composite electroplating under the cyanide silver plating system, but the existing problem is that the surface of the prepared coating is rough, loose and porous, resulting in wear Big, not long lifespan. At the same time, because cyanide is highly toxic and causes huge pollution to the environment, it will soon face elimination.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提供一种银-石墨电接触复合镀层及其制备方法，使其用超声辅助复合电镀法在铜基体表面上制备银-石墨电接触复合镀层。本发明使用的电镀液无毒害，对环境友好，能大量节省用银，且工艺简单，易于操作，对设备要求低，生产成本低；制备的镀层表面光洁、致密度高，石墨颗粒分散均匀，接触电阻低，硬度高。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a silver-graphite electric contact composite coating and a preparation method thereof, which uses an ultrasonic-assisted composite electroplating method to prepare a silver-graphite electric contact composite coating on the surface of a copper substrate. The electroplating solution used in the present invention is non-toxic, environmentally friendly, can save a large amount of silver, and has a simple process, easy operation, low requirements on equipment, and low production cost; the prepared coating has a smooth surface, high density, and evenly dispersed graphite particles. Low contact resistance and high hardness.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
本发明所涉及的银-石墨电接触复合镀层，由银和石墨两相组成，其中石墨体积分数为1％-15％，银的体积分数为85％-99％。物理性能为接触电阻1.2mΩ-2mΩ，硬度70Hv-100Hv，致密度达到99.9％以上。The silver-graphite electric contact composite coating involved in the present invention is composed of two phases of silver and graphite, wherein the volume fraction of graphite is 1%-15%, and the volume fraction of silver is 85%-99%. The physical properties are contact resistance 1.2mΩ-2mΩ, hardness 70Hv-100Hv, and density over 99.9%.
本发明所涉及的银-石墨电接触复合镀层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The preparation method of the silver-graphite electrical contact composite coating involved in the present invention may further comprise the steps:
第一步、配制复合电镀液。The first step is to prepare composite electroplating solution.
复合电镀液主要成分为：甲烷磺酸银0.05M/L-0.5M/L，丁二酰亚胺0.15M/L-1.5M/L，硼酸0.5M/L-0.5M/L，pH值8-11，溶液中石墨含量2g/L-50g/L。The main components of the composite plating solution are: silver methanesulfonate 0.05M/L-0.5M/L, succinimide 0.15M/L-1.5M/L, boric acid 0.5M/L-0.5M/L, pH 8 -11, the graphite content in the solution is 2g/L-50g/L.
第二步、石墨颗粒分散。The second step is to disperse graphite particles.
在第一步得到得电镀液中加入十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚(BRIJ35)2g/L作为石墨胶体的分散剂，然后搅拌10分钟-30分钟使其充分溶解，然后将复合电镀液置于超声槽中超声处理10分钟-30分钟，使溶液中的石墨胶体充分分散。Add lauryl polyoxyethylene ether (BRIJ35) 2g/L as the dispersant of graphite colloid in the electroplating solution obtained in the first step, then stir for 10 minutes to 30 minutes to fully dissolve it, and then place the composite electroplating solution in Ultrasonic treatment in the ultrasonic tank for 10 minutes to 30 minutes to fully disperse the graphite colloid in the solution.
第三步、基体预处理。The third step is substrate pretreatment.
配置除氧化膜混合酸：体积百分比为：H2SO4∶HNO3∶HCl＝90∶9∶1。The mixed acid for removing the oxidation film is configured: the volume percentage is: H 2 SO 4 :HNO 3 :HCl=90:9:1.
将基体铜件置于丙酮溶液中，在超声槽中除油5分钟-15分钟。Place the base copper parts in acetone solution, and degrease in an ultrasonic bath for 5-15 minutes.
然后在混合酸中除氧化膜，酸洗时间为1秒-5秒。Then remove the oxide film in the mixed acid, and the pickling time is 1 second to 5 seconds.
第四步、复合电镀The fourth step, composite electroplating
将经过第三步预处理过的铜件作为阴极，置于第二步所制备的复合电镀液中，采用超声作用在阴极表面，超声频率20KHz-45KHz，超声功率为5W/cm2-250W/cm2，电流密度范围0.5-6A/dm2，温度35-80℃，pH 8-11，电镀时间10-60分钟，阳极采用银板。电镀结束得到银-石墨电接触复合镀层。The copper parts pretreated in the third step are used as cathodes, placed in the composite electroplating solution prepared in the second step, and ultrasonic waves are used to act on the surface of the cathodes. The ultrasonic frequency is 20KHz-45KHz, and the ultrasonic power is 5W/cm 2 -250W/ cm 2 , the current density range is 0.5-6A/dm 2 , the temperature is 35-80°C, the pH is 8-11, the electroplating time is 10-60 minutes, and the anode is silver plate. After electroplating, a silver-graphite electrical contact composite coating is obtained.
本发明采用环保型复合电镀工艺制备银-石墨复合电接触镀层，厚度可达10-100μm，硬度为70-100Hv。此工艺主要优点是：电镀液环保无毒害，超声能促进石墨颗粒的均匀分布，在超声作用下制备的复合镀层表面平整、致密度高。采用复合电镀的方法制备的银-石墨复合材料相对于粉末冶金、挤压烧结等方法能大量节省用银，工艺简单，生产成本低。The invention adopts an environment-friendly composite electroplating process to prepare a silver-graphite composite electrical contact coating, the thickness of which can reach 10-100 μm, and the hardness is 70-100 Hv. The main advantages of this process are: the electroplating solution is environmentally friendly and non-toxic, ultrasound can promote the uniform distribution of graphite particles, and the composite coating prepared under the action of ultrasound has a smooth surface and high density. Compared with powder metallurgy, extrusion sintering and other methods, the silver-graphite composite material prepared by the method of composite electroplating can save a lot of silver, the process is simple, and the production cost is low.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明：本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below: the present embodiment is implemented under the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation and specific operation process are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation example.
实施例1Example 1
第一步，配制复合电镀液：配制的电镀液参数为：甲烷磺酸银0.05M/L，丁二酰亚胺0.25M/L，硼酸0.05M/L，石墨含量10g/L，pH 8。The first step is to prepare a composite electroplating solution: the parameters of the prepared electroplating solution are: silver methanesulfonate 0.05M/L, succinimide 0.25M/L, boric acid 0.05M/L, graphite content 10g/L, pH 8.
第二步，石墨颗粒的分散：在复合电镀液中加入分散剂含量2g/L(十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚)，然后搅拌10分钟使其充分溶解，然后将复合电镀液置于超声槽中超声处理10分钟，使溶液中的石墨胶体充分分散。The second step, the dispersion of graphite particles: add dispersant content 2g/L (lauryl polyoxyethylene ether) to the composite electroplating solution, then stir for 10 minutes to fully dissolve it, and then place the composite electroplating solution in an ultrasonic tank Ultrasonic treatment in medium for 10 minutes to fully disperse the graphite colloid in the solution.
第三步，基体预处理：The third step, substrate pretreatment:
配置除氧化膜混合酸：体积百分比为：H2SO4∶HNO3∶HCl＝90∶9∶1。The mixed acid for removing the oxidation film is configured: the volume percentage is: H 2 SO 4 :HNO 3 :HCl=90:9:1.
将基体铜件置于丙酮溶液中，在超声槽中除油5分钟，然后在混合酸中酸洗1秒除氧化膜。Place the base copper parts in acetone solution, degrease in an ultrasonic tank for 5 minutes, and then pickle in a mixed acid for 1 second to remove the oxide film.
第四步，复合电镀：The fourth step, composite plating:
将预处理过的铜件作为阴极，置于石墨颗粒分散好的复合电镀液中，采用超声作用在阴极表面。超声频率20KHz，超声功率密度200W/cm2，电流密度0.5A/dm2，温度35℃，阳极采用银板，电镀时间60分钟，得到石墨体积百分比1％，硬度为97Hv，接触电阻1.6mΩ的复合镀层。The pretreated copper piece is used as a cathode, placed in a composite electroplating solution in which graphite particles are dispersed, and ultrasonic waves are used to act on the surface of the cathode. The ultrasonic frequency is 20KHz, the ultrasonic power density is 200W/cm 2 , the current density is 0.5A/dm 2 , the temperature is 35°C, the anode is made of silver plate, the electroplating time is 60 minutes, and the graphite volume percentage is 1%, the hardness is 97Hv, and the contact resistance is 1.6mΩ. Composite coating.
实施例2Example 2
第一步，配制的电镀液参数为：In the first step, the parameters of the prepared electroplating solution are:
甲烷磺酸银0.15M/L，丁二酰亚胺0.75M/L，硼酸0.15M/L，石墨含量30g/L，pH 10。Silver methanesulfonate 0.15M/L, succinimide 0.75M/L, boric acid 0.15M/L, graphite content 30g/L, pH 10.
第二步，石墨颗粒的分散：The second step, the dispersion of graphite particles:
在复合电镀液中加入分散剂2g/L(十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚)，然后搅拌20分钟使其充分溶解，然后将复合电镀液置于超声槽中超声处理20分钟，使溶液中的石墨胶体充分分散。Add dispersant 2g/L (polyoxyethylene lauryl ether) to the composite electroplating solution, then stir for 20 minutes to make it fully dissolve, then place the composite electroplating solution in an ultrasonic tank for ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes, so that the The graphite colloid is fully dispersed.
第三步，基体预处理：The third step, substrate pretreatment:
配置除氧化膜混合酸：体积百分比为：H2SO4∶HNO3∶HCl＝90∶9∶1。The mixed acid for removing the oxidation film is configured: the volume percentage is: H 2 SO 4 :HNO 3 :HCl=90:9:1.
将基体铜件置于丙酮溶液中，在超声槽中除油10分钟，然后在混合酸中酸洗3秒除氧化膜。Place the base copper parts in acetone solution, degrease in an ultrasonic tank for 10 minutes, and then pickle in a mixed acid for 3 seconds to remove the oxide film.
第四步，复合电镀：The fourth step, composite plating:
将预处理过的铜件作为阴极，置于石墨颗粒分散好的复合电镀液中，采用超声作用在阴极表面。超声频率30KHz，超声功率密度5W/cm2，电流密度3A/dm2，温度50℃，阳极采用银板，电镀时间20分钟，得到石墨体积百分比15％，硬度为77Hv，接触电阻1.7mΩ的复合镀层。The pretreated copper piece is used as a cathode, placed in a composite electroplating solution in which graphite particles are dispersed, and ultrasonic waves are used to act on the surface of the cathode. The ultrasonic frequency is 30KHz, the ultrasonic power density is 5W/cm 2 , the current density is 3A/dm 2 , the temperature is 50°C, the anode is made of a silver plate, and the electroplating time is 20 minutes to obtain a composite with a graphite volume percentage of 15%, a hardness of 77Hv, and a contact resistance of 1.7mΩ. plating.
实施例3Example 3
第一步，配制的电镀液参数为：甲烷磺酸银0.5M/L，丁二酰亚胺1.5M/L，硼酸0.5M/L，石墨含量50g/L，pH11。In the first step, the parameters of the prepared electroplating solution are: silver methanesulfonate 0.5M/L, succinimide 1.5M/L, boric acid 0.5M/L, graphite content 50g/L, pH11.
第二步，石墨颗粒的分散：The second step, the dispersion of graphite particles:
在复合电镀液中加入分散剂2g/L(十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚)，然后搅拌30分钟使其充分溶解，然后将复合电镀液置于超声槽中超声处理30分钟，使溶液中的石墨胶体充分分散。Add dispersant 2g/L (lauryl polyoxyethylene ether) to the composite electroplating solution, then stir for 30 minutes to make it fully dissolve, then place the composite electroplating solution in an ultrasonic tank for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, so that the The graphite colloid is fully dispersed.
第三步，基体预处理：The third step, substrate pretreatment:
配置除氧化膜混合酸：体积百分比为：H2SO4∶HNO3∶HCl＝90∶9∶1。The mixed acid for removing the oxidation film is configured: the volume percentage is: H 2 SO 4 :HNO 3 :HCl=90:9:1.
将基体铜件置于丙酮溶液中，在超声槽中除油15分钟，然后在混合酸中酸洗5秒除氧化膜。Place the base copper parts in acetone solution, degrease in an ultrasonic bath for 15 minutes, and then pickle in a mixed acid for 5 seconds to remove the oxide film.
第四步，复合电镀：The fourth step, composite plating:
将预处理过的铜件作为阴极，置于石墨颗粒分散好的复合电镀液中，采用超声作用在阴极表面。电流密度4A/dm2，温度80℃，电镀时间15分钟，超声频率45KHz，超声功率密度21W/cm2，阳极采用高纯银板，得到石墨体积百分比7％，硬度为84Hv，接触电阻1.3mΩ的复合镀层。The pretreated copper piece is used as a cathode, placed in a composite electroplating solution in which graphite particles are dispersed, and ultrasonic waves are used to act on the surface of the cathode. The current density is 4A/dm 2 , the temperature is 80°C, the electroplating time is 15 minutes, the ultrasonic frequency is 45KHz, the ultrasonic power density is 21W/cm 2 , and the anode is made of high-purity silver plate to obtain a composite with a graphite volume percentage of 7%, a hardness of 84Hv, and a contact resistance of 1.3mΩ. plating.
实施例4Example 4
第一步，配制的电镀液参数为：甲烷磺酸银0.1M/L，丁二酰亚胺0.25M/L，硼酸0.1M/L，石墨含量40g/L，pH 10。In the first step, the parameters of the prepared electroplating solution are: silver methanesulfonate 0.1M/L, succinimide 0.25M/L, boric acid 0.1M/L, graphite content 40g/L, pH 10.
第二步，石墨颗粒的分散：The second step, the dispersion of graphite particles:
在复合电镀液中加入分散剂2g/L(十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚)，然后搅拌30分钟使其充分溶解，然后将复合电镀液置于超声槽中超声处理30分钟，使溶液中的石墨胶体充分分散。Add dispersant 2g/L (lauryl polyoxyethylene ether) to the composite electroplating solution, then stir for 30 minutes to make it fully dissolve, then place the composite electroplating solution in an ultrasonic tank for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, so that the The graphite colloid is fully dispersed.
第三步，基体预处理：The third step, substrate pretreatment:
配置除氧化膜混合酸：体积百分比为：H2SO4∶HNO3∶HCl＝90∶9∶1。The mixed acid for removing the oxidation film is configured: the volume percentage is: H 2 SO 4 :HNO 3 :HCl=90:9:1.
将基体铜件置于丙酮溶液中，在超声槽中除油15分钟，然后在混合酸中酸洗5秒除氧化膜。Place the base copper parts in acetone solution, degrease in an ultrasonic bath for 15 minutes, and then pickle in a mixed acid for 5 seconds to remove the oxide film.
第四步，复合电镀：The fourth step, composite plating:
将预处理过的铜件作为阴极，置于石墨颗粒分散好的复合电镀液中，采用超声作用在阴极表面。电流密度6A/dm2，温度80℃，电镀时间15分钟，超声频率20KHz，超声功率密度100W/cm2，阳极采用高纯银板，得到石墨体积百分比2％，硬度为100Hv，接触电阻1.5mΩ的复合镀层。The pretreated copper piece is used as a cathode, placed in a composite electroplating solution in which graphite particles are dispersed, and ultrasonic waves are used to act on the surface of the cathode. The current density is 6A/dm 2 , the temperature is 80°C, the electroplating time is 15 minutes, the ultrasonic frequency is 20KHz, the ultrasonic power density is 100W/cm 2 , and the anode is made of high-purity silver plate to obtain a composite with a graphite volume percentage of 2%, a hardness of 100Hv, and a contact resistance of 1.5mΩ. plating.
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