CN101255341B - Cyclone gasification furnace - Google Patents
Cyclone gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN101255341B CN101255341B CN 200810015672 CN200810015672A CN101255341B CN 101255341 B CN101255341 B CN 101255341B CN 200810015672 CN200810015672 CN 200810015672 CN 200810015672 A CN200810015672 A CN 200810015672A CN 101255341 B CN101255341 B CN 101255341B
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
Abstract
Description
一、技术领域1. Technical field
本发明涉及一种气化炉，主要适用于粉末状的生物质和煤炭的气化，特别适用于粉末状的生物质等。The invention relates to a gasification furnace, which is mainly suitable for the gasification of powdery biomass and coal, especially for powdery biomass and the like.
二、背景技术2. Background technology
随着石化能源的日益枯竭及其燃烧对环境危害的日益严重，清洁煤利用技术以及可再生的清洁生物质能利用被广泛关注。为此，我国已出台相关政策，并加大科研投入，以促进煤的洁净化利用和扩大生物质能利用规模。目前，世界各地已广泛开展煤和生物质的气化技术研究、应用。With the depletion of petrochemical energy and the increasingly serious environmental hazards caused by combustion, clean coal utilization technology and renewable clean biomass energy utilization have been widely concerned. To this end, my country has introduced relevant policies and increased investment in scientific research to promote the clean utilization of coal and expand the scale of biomass energy utilization. At present, coal and biomass gasification technology research and application have been widely carried out all over the world.
2007年，沈德允发明了一种常压粉煤气化炉(专利号：200720011795.1)。基本结构为：炉身上部为拱形封头的立式圆筒状，拱形封头顶部有煤气出口管，炉身下部有圆锥形封头，圆锥形封头上连接有下喷嘴和回流连接短管；且炉身的下部有一段向下收缩的圆锥台，圆锥台上口与上部炉身相接，下口与下部圆锥形封头相接；同时，炉体装有回流高温旋风分离器。粉煤在发生炉内均匀沸腾，煤气和粉尘通过发生炉上部的煤气出口管进入回流高温旋风分离器，在此煤粉在离心力的作用下分离而坠落之后顺着回流管返回到发生炉再参与气化反应。这种装置虽然改善了粉煤沸腾条件，延长发生炉内反应时间，减少了煤气中CO2含量，但具有以下缺点：由于是单纯的空气气化，燃气质量不高，特别是H2含量较低，故其综合利用率和气化效率低。In 2007, Shen Deyun invented an atmospheric pulverized coal gasifier (patent number: 200720011795.1). The basic structure is: the upper part of the furnace body is a vertical cylinder with an arched head, the top of the arched head has a gas outlet pipe, the lower part of the furnace body has a conical head, and the conical head is connected with a lower nozzle and a return connection Short tube; and the lower part of the furnace body has a section of conical frustum that shrinks downwards. The upper opening of the conical frustum is connected to the upper furnace body, and the lower opening is connected to the lower conical head; at the same time, the furnace body is equipped with a high-temperature backflow cyclone separator . The pulverized coal boils evenly in the generator, and the gas and dust enter the high-temperature return cyclone separator through the gas outlet pipe on the upper part of the generator, where the pulverized coal is separated and falls under the action of centrifugal force and then returns to the generator along the return pipe to participate in the process again. gasification reaction. Although this device improves the pulverized coal boiling conditions, prolongs the reaction time in the furnace, and reduces the CO2 content in the gas, it has the following disadvantages: because it is pure air gasification, the quality of the gas is not high, especially the H2 content is relatively high Low, so its comprehensive utilization rate and gasification efficiency are low.
三、发明内容3. Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的不足之处，提供一种旋风气化炉。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a cyclone gasifier.
该气化炉非常适合粉体燃料的高效气化，特别是植物粉体燃料的气化，能产生较高CO、H2含量的燃气。This gasifier is very suitable for the efficient gasification of powder fuel, especially the gasification of plant powder fuel, and can produce gas with high CO and H2 content.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种旋风气化炉，炉体分上下两部分，上部为圆柱形，下部为圆锥形。炉体上部设置圆柱形燃烧气化室和圆柱形气化室；炉体下部设置圆锥形气化室。圆柱形气化室内上部设置挡灰板，顶部设置烟气出口；圆柱形燃烧气化室上部设置燃料入口且与炉壁切线布置，燃料入口内设置电阻丝点火器；圆锥形气化室中部设置水蒸气入口，底部设置出灰口；圆柱形气化室在圆柱形燃烧气化室内，且都与圆锥形气化室同轴布置。In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a cyclone gasification furnace, the furnace body is divided into upper and lower parts, the upper part is cylindrical, and the lower part is conical. A cylindrical combustion gasification chamber and a cylindrical gasification chamber are arranged on the upper part of the furnace body; a conical gasification chamber is arranged on the lower part of the furnace body. The upper part of the cylindrical gasification chamber is provided with ash baffle, and the top is provided with a flue gas outlet; Water vapor inlet and ash outlet at the bottom; the cylindrical gasification chamber is arranged coaxially with the conical gasification chamber in the cylindrical combustion gasification chamber.
本发明的优点：Advantages of the present invention:
(1)本发明集燃烧室和气化室于一体，气化室温度较高，有利于焦油的裂解和水蒸气重整反应，产品气质量较高，特别是H2含量较高。(1) The present invention integrates a combustion chamber and a gasification chamber, and the temperature of the gasification chamber is relatively high, which is beneficial to the pyrolysis of tar and the steam reforming reaction, and the product gas quality is relatively high, especially the H2 content is relatively high.
(2)本发明结构紧凑，不但减小气化炉制造费用，而且显著减少炉体外表面积，显著降低热量损失。(2) The invention has a compact structure, which not only reduces the manufacturing cost of the gasification furnace, but also significantly reduces the outer surface area of the furnace body, and significantly reduces heat loss.
四、附图说明：4. Description of drawings:
图1是本发明一种实施例的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是图1的俯视图。FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1 .
图3是图1的A-A剖面图。Fig. 3 is a sectional view along line A-A of Fig. 1 .
图4是图1的B-B剖面图。Fig. 4 is a B-B sectional view of Fig. 1 .
五、具体实施方式5. Specific implementation
由图1、图2、图3、图4所示，炉体上部为圆柱形，设置圆柱形燃烧气化室(8)和圆柱形气化室(4)，且圆柱形燃烧气化室(8)和圆柱形气化室(4)同轴布置，燃料入口(5)设置在圆柱形燃烧气化室(8)上部且与其切线布置，燃料入口(5)内设置电阻丝点火器(6)，圆柱形气化室(4)内上部设置挡灰板(9)，顶部设置烟气出口(7)；炉体下部为圆锥形气化室(3)且与圆柱形燃烧气化室(8)和圆柱形气化室(4)同轴布置，在圆锥形气化室(3)的中部设置水蒸汽入口(12)，底部设置排灰口(1)。Shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the upper part of the furnace body is cylindrical, and a cylindrical combustion gasification chamber (8) and a cylindrical gasification chamber (4) are arranged, and the cylindrical combustion gasification chamber ( 8) Arranged coaxially with the cylindrical gasification chamber (4), the fuel inlet (5) is arranged on the upper part of the cylindrical combustion gasification chamber (8) and arranged tangent to it, and a resistance wire igniter (6) is arranged in the fuel inlet (5) ), the upper part of the cylindrical gasification chamber (4) is provided with a gray baffle (9), and the top is provided with a flue gas outlet (7); 8) Arranged coaxially with the cylindrical gasification chamber (4), a water vapor inlet (12) is provided in the middle of the conical gasification chamber (3), and an ash discharge port (1) is provided at the bottom.
挡灰板(9)的形状可为平面，或弯曲形、且向下倾斜，挡灰板(9)与水平面的夹角可为0°～60°，最好为30°～45°。设置挡灰板(9)，使未气化完全的粉体燃料反射回圆柱形气化室(4)继续气化。The shape of the gray board (9) can be plane, or curved, and inclined downwards, and the angle between the gray board (9) and the horizontal plane can be 0°～60°, preferably 30°～45°. Ash baffles (9) are set to reflect the powdered fuel that has not been fully gasified back to the cylindrical gasification chamber (4) to continue gasification.
粉体燃料入口(5)设置在圆柱形燃烧气化室(8)上部，最好与炉壁相切，该结构可增加燃料在高温区的停留时间，以便其充分气化。The powder fuel inlet (5) is arranged on the upper part of the cylindrical combustion gasification chamber (8), preferably tangent to the furnace wall. This structure can increase the residence time of the fuel in the high temperature zone so that it can be fully gasified.
圆锥形气化室(3)的锥面与水平面的夹角可为25°～70°，最好为30°～50°。The angle between the conical surface of the conical vaporization chamber (3) and the horizontal plane can be 25°-70°, preferably 30°-50°.
圆柱形燃烧气化室(8)的高度可为其直径的3～10倍，最好为4～6倍；圆柱形燃烧气化室(8)与圆柱形气化室(4)的直径比可为2～6∶1，最好为3～4∶1；圆柱形燃烧气化室(8)与圆柱形气化室(4)的高度比可为1.5～4∶1，最好为2～3∶1。The height of the cylindrical combustion gasification chamber (8) can be 3 to 10 times its diameter, preferably 4 to 6 times; the diameter ratio of the cylindrical combustion gasification chamber (8) to the cylindrical gasification chamber (4) It can be 2～6:1, preferably 3～4:1; the height ratio of cylindrical combustion gasification chamber (8) and cylindrical gasification chamber (4) can be 1.5～4:1, preferably 2 ~3:1.
圆锥形气化室(3)内的水蒸气喷管(11)可为直管，或弯管，最好为圆形，且圆心在圆锥形气化室(3)的轴线附近，该装置有利于水蒸气雾状喷入，快速提高水蒸气温度；圆面形水蒸气喷管(11)与圆柱形气化室(3)的直径比可为1∶0.3～1.5，最好为1∶0.8～1；水蒸气喷口(10)可为圆形、方形、弧形，最好为圆形，水蒸气喷口(10)的直径可为0.2～2毫米，最好为0.5～1毫米。The water vapor spray pipe (11) in the conical gasification chamber (3) can be a straight pipe, or an elbow, preferably circular, and the center of circle is near the axis of the conical gasification chamber (3), and the device has Facilitate mist injection of water vapor and rapidly increase the temperature of water vapor; the diameter ratio of the circular water vapor nozzle (11) to the cylindrical vaporization chamber (3) can be 1:0.3-1.5, preferably 1:0.8 ～1; steam spout (10) can be circular, square, arc, preferably circular, and the diameter of steam spout (10) can be 0.2～2 millimeter, preferably 0.5～1 millimeter.
炉灰可由螺旋出灰器(2)输送至出灰口(1)，螺旋出灰器(2)有可变速电机(13)控制。Furnace ash can be transported to the ash outlet (1) by the screw ash outlet (2), and the screw ash outlet (2) is controlled by a variable speed motor (13).
本技术方案的实现，不仅改善现有流化床的不足，而且延长了燃料在气化炉内的反应时间，从而产品气中CO2含量减少1～3％以上，CO含量增加1％以上、H2含量增加3％以上。由于气化炉内气化室的温度较高，故炉内的还原和水蒸汽重整反应比较彻底，炉灰量由过去总灰分量的30～40％减少到15～30％左右。由于气化炉外壳表面积明显减小，热损失显著降低；由于气化炉高度降低使建筑物高度降低3～5m左右，节省设备组装费和建筑施工费。The realization of this technical solution not only improves the deficiencies of the existing fluidized bed, but also prolongs the reaction time of the fuel in the gasifier, so that the CO content in the product gas is reduced by more than 1% to 3%, and the CO content is increased by more than 1%. The H2 content increased by more than 3%. Because the temperature of the gasification chamber in the gasification furnace is relatively high, the reduction and steam reforming reactions in the furnace are relatively thorough, and the amount of ash in the furnace is reduced from 30-40% of the total ash content in the past to about 15-30%. Since the surface area of the shell of the gasifier is significantly reduced, the heat loss is significantly reduced; because the height of the gasifier is reduced, the height of the building is reduced by about 3-5m, saving equipment assembly costs and construction costs.
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| CN 200810015672 CN101255341B (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2008-04-14 | Cyclone gasification furnace |
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| CN 200810015672 CN101255341B (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2008-04-14 | Cyclone gasification furnace |
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| CN101255341B true CN101255341B (en) | 2011-08-31 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106147810B (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2019-01-11 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of application method of pyrolysis installation |
| CN112403694B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2024-12-17 | 无锡考特威星科技有限公司 | Gas-material separator |
| CN111269735B (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2021-03-02 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | A biomass three-stage pressurized high temperature pyrolysis gasification device |
| CN112375579B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-01-25 | 深圳芯闻科技有限公司 | Continuous type carbomorphism stove gas cleaning system |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2060776U (en) * | 1989-07-27 | 1990-08-22 | 莽薇莎 | Fine coal gasification device having vertiginous current bed |
| JP2003226883A (en) * | 2002-02-07 | 2003-08-15 | Ube Ind Ltd | High temperature gasifier |
| CN1710033A (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2005-12-21 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | A gasification reaction device for solid fuel |
| CN201010626Y (en) * | 2006-07-08 | 2008-01-23 | 高耀君 | Biomass high-energy high-cleanness cyclone bed combustion partitioned gasifying device |
| JP2008039366A (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-21 | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency | Incinerator |
| CN201305578Y (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-09-09 | 烟台大学 | Whirlwind gasification furnace |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2060776U (en) * | 1989-07-27 | 1990-08-22 | 莽薇莎 | Fine coal gasification device having vertiginous current bed |
| JP2003226883A (en) * | 2002-02-07 | 2003-08-15 | Ube Ind Ltd | High temperature gasifier |
| CN1710033A (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2005-12-21 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | A gasification reaction device for solid fuel |
| CN201010626Y (en) * | 2006-07-08 | 2008-01-23 | 高耀君 | Biomass high-energy high-cleanness cyclone bed combustion partitioned gasifying device |
| JP2008039366A (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-21 | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency | Incinerator |
| CN201305578Y (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-09-09 | 烟台大学 | Whirlwind gasification furnace |
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