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CN101250447A - 环保节能的含海水及动、植物油、醇的微乳化生物汽油、柴油混合燃料及添加剂 - Google Patents

环保节能的含海水及动、植物油、醇的微乳化生物汽油、柴油混合燃料及添加剂 Download PDF

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CN101250447A
CN101250447A CNA2008100863496A CN200810086349A CN101250447A CN 101250447 A CN101250447 A CN 101250447A CN A2008100863496 A CNA2008100863496 A CN A2008100863496A CN 200810086349 A CN200810086349 A CN 200810086349A CN 101250447 A CN101250447 A CN 101250447A
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CN101250447B (zh
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张穗新
王安信
张照丰
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CORPORATE ENVIROABILITY HK Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种环保节能的含海水及动、植物油、醇的微乳化生物汽油、柴油混合燃料及添加剂，其中混合燃料或添加剂包含如下重量百分比含量的组分：减盐海水5～35，表面活性剂9～45，助溶剂7～15，助燃剂23～55。方法包括：a.脱除海水中的盐；b.将表面活性剂、助溶剂、助燃剂混合制成乳状液或微乳液；c.将减盐海水与表面活性剂、助溶剂和助燃剂的混合液按所述比例用超声波乳化机制成乳状液或微乳液的混合燃料。本发明的混合燃料可用作汽车、发电及工业和生活用燃料或燃料添加剂。

Description

环保节能的含海水及动、植物油、醇的微乳化生物汽油、柴油混合燃料及添加剂
【技术领域】
本发明涉及液态燃料，特别是涉及一种环保节能的含海水及廉价回收的动、植物油、醇的汽油、柴油混合燃料及添加剂，以有效利用可再生能源制备纳米生物化学燃料。
【背景技术】
正如人们所知，汽车和电厂每天都在大量燃烧着石化和煤炭燃料，并排放出大量的二氧化碳等气体，严重地污染人们赖以生存的环境与空气。石化燃料的过渡开发与其存量的相应地不断减少，也导致全球范围内石化燃料价格的不断升高，因而严重影响了社会民生和经济的发展。例如2006年至2008年，石油价格由数十美元不断攀升至一百多美元，为应对此局面，美国等许多国家开始用玉米、大豆等粮食制乙醇来代替汽油和生物柴油以减少污染，因而大量减少了饲料粮食对全球的供应，导致许多国家粮油、生猪和食品的供应紧张，影响了社会民生，造成经济衰退、社会动荡和能源危机。随着汽车工业的发展，特别是许多发展中国家汽车工业的发展，越来越多的家庭拥有了小汽车，这进一步加剧了汽油、柴油等石化燃料的供应紧张。
因此，由于汽车、发电厂及工业和生活耗用石化燃料不断地增加，而增加了对地球不断的污染。但目前尚未见开发出比较廉价的，清洁的可再生能源来代替污染严重的石化燃料。因而开发开再生的，具有节能减排功效的新能源就成为全球范围内的一个急需解决的课题。
【发明内容】
本发明旨在解决上述问题，而提供一种利用廉价的海水、回收的动、植物油、醇与价格日益高昂的汽油、柴油混合所制成的符合燃料的节能减排要求的环保节能的含海水及动、植物油的汽油、柴油生物化学混合燃料，以节约或部分替代石化能源并大量地减少汽车，电厂的CO2(二氧化碳)的NOX(氮氧化物)及PM(微粒、悬浮尘粒)等的污染物排放，减少石化燃料造成的地球温室效应等伤害。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种环保节能的含海水及动、植物油、醇的微乳化生物汽油、柴油混合燃料及添加剂，该混合燃料或添加剂包含如下重量百分比含量的组分：
减盐海水    5～35
表面活性剂  9～45
助溶剂      7～15
助燃剂      23～55
该混合燃料或添加剂包含如下优选的重量百分比含量的组分：
减盐海水    28
表面活性剂  27
助溶剂      10
助燃剂      35
表面活性剂为脂肪酸、脂肪酸甲酯、烷基苯磺酸钠、三乙醇胺、斯盘80、氨水中的一种或几种的组合。
脂肪酸为植物油酸、动物油酸或其组合，所述植物油酸是由椰油、菜籽油、棕榈油、海藻油或小桐籽油经酸化处理制得，动物油是由猪油、牛油或羊油经酸化处理制得。
助溶剂是由乙醇和甲醇按1∶1的比例混合而成。
植物油酸和动物油酸分别是由回收的动物油和植物油经酸化处理制得。
该混合燃料是由所述组分混合制成的，含有粒径为100nm～500nm的微粒的微乳液。
助燃剂为汽油、柴油、含铈纳米稀土、油溶性纳米二茂铁、环烷酸钙、环烷酸铁、环烷酸含铈稀土中的一种或几种的组合。
本发明还提供了该环保节能的含海水及动、植物油、醇的微乳化生物汽油、柴油混合燃料及添加剂的制作方法，其包括如下步骤：
a、脱减海水中的盐直至达到无腐蚀燃料标准；
b、将表面活性剂、助溶剂、助燃剂混合制成乳状液或微乳液；
c、将减盐海水与表面活性剂、助溶剂、助燃剂的混合液按所述比例用超声波乳化机搅拌混合成乳状液或微乳液的混合燃料。
本发明的环保节能的含海水及动、植物油、醇的微乳化生物汽油、柴油混合燃料及添加剂可用作汽车、发电及工业和生活用燃料或燃料添加剂。
本发明的贡献在于，它顺应世界对新能源发展的需求，通过利用海水和海水中含有的多种纳米级碘、镁化合物和其它金属化合物，并合理地利用廉价的动、植物废油作为表面活性剂，而将较昂贵的汽油或柴油作为助燃剂，制成了新的环保节能的复合型燃料。它可部分代替石化汽油、柴油及其它燃料，并能节约石化能源5％至30％，替代柴油的燃料可节约65％柴油。使用该复合型燃料可减少汽车排放30％至65％，并可减少Co2，NOx，PM等污染。本发明还可用于电厂及工业燃料(锅炉等)和生活用燃料。
【具体实施方式】
下列实施例是对本发明的进一步解释和说明，对本发明不构成任何限制。
本发明的环保节能的含海水及动、植物油、醇的微乳化生物汽油、柴油混合燃料及添加剂是一种复合燃料，它即可直接用作燃料，也可作为汽油、柴油或其它燃料的添加剂。
实施例1
本例给出配制微乳化生物柴油混合燃料及添加剂的实例。
1、将猪油酸、斯盘80、三乙醇胺、烷基苯磺酸钠、氨水按65∶3∶6.3∶13.5∶12.2的重量比混合成表面活性剂，该表面活性剂为乳状液；将乙醇和甲醇按1∶1的比例混合成助溶剂；将柴油与环烷酸含铈纳米稀土、环烷酸纳米钙按9.49∶0.5∶0.01的重量比混合成助燃剂；将海水用常规减盐工艺脱去部分盐，经部分减盐的海水保留了海水中天然的碘、镁、钠、溴等多种的纳米级物质，减盐过程中须采用铜片测试直至其达到无腐蚀燃料标准。
2、将已制备的五份(重量)减盐海水、五份(重量)的表面活性剂混合物、二份(重量)的助溶剂、七份(重量)的助燃剂用超声波乳化机制成本发明的环保节能的含海水及动、植物油、醇的微乳化生物汽油、柴油混合燃料及添加剂，该混合燃料或添加剂为乳状液或微乳液，其中含有粒径为100nm～500nm的由上述组分形成的纳米、亚纳米级的微粒。并须采用铜片测试直至其达到无腐蚀燃料标准。
实施例2
本例给出配制微乳化生物汽油混合燃料及添加剂的实例。
1、将棕榈油酸、斯盘80、三乙醇胺、烷基苯磺酸钠、氨水按65∶3∶6.3∶13.5∶12.2的重量比混合成表面活性剂，该表面活性剂为乳状液；将乙醇和甲醇按1∶1的比例混合成助溶剂；将汽油与环烷酸含铈纳米稀土、油溶性纳米二茂铁按9.49∶0.5∶0.01的重量比混合成助燃剂；将海水按常规减盐工艺脱去部分盐，经部分减盐的海水保留了海水中天然的碘、镁、钠、溴等多种的纳米级物质，减盐过程中须采用铜片测试直至其达到无腐蚀燃料标准。
2、将已制备的五份(重量)减盐海水、五份(重量)的表面活性剂混合物与两份(重量)的助燃剂用超声波乳化机制成本发明的环保节能的含海水及动、植物油、醇的微乳化生物汽油、柴油混合燃料及添加剂，该混合燃料或添加剂为乳状液或微乳液，其中含有粒径为100nm～500nm的由上述组分形成的纳米、亚纳米级的微粒。并须采用铜片测试直至其达到无腐蚀燃料标准。
该混合燃料中的表面活性剂乳状液具有良好的分散作用，能很好地分散在烧料中，助燃剂则具有催化和促进燃烧作用。因该混合燃料中的微乳液中含有含海水及动、植物油，因此在燃烧中可产生“乳化油含水微爆”效应，可防止积炭、堵塞并可促进洁净燃烧。
本发明的混合燃料可用作汽车、发电及工业和生活用燃料，它既可单独作为燃料使用，亦可作为汽油或柴油的添加剂使用，作添加剂使用时，在加油前先将其加入油箱中，再加满汽油或柴油，即可使用。

Claims (9)

1、一种环保节能的含海水及动、植物油、醇的微乳化生物汽油、柴油混合燃料及添加剂，其特征在于，它包含如下重量百分比含量的组分：
减盐海水    5～35
表面活性剂  9～45
助溶剂      7～15
助燃剂      23～55。
2、如权利要求1所述的混合燃料及添加剂，其特征在于，它包含如下重量百分比含量的组分：
减盐海水    28
表面活性剂  27
助溶剂      10
助燃剂      35。
3、如权利要求1所述的混合燃料及添加剂，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂为脂肪酸、脂肪酸甲酯、烷基苯磺酸钠、三乙醇胺、斯盘80、氨水中的一种或几种的组合。
4、如权利要求3所述的混合燃料及添加剂，其特征在于，所述脂肪酸为植物油酸、动物油酸或其组合，所述植物油酸是由椰油、菜籽油、棕榈油、海藻油或小桐籽油经酸化处理制得，动物油是由猪油、牛油或羊油经酸化处理制得。
5、如权利要求1所述的混合燃料及添加剂，其特征在于，所述助溶剂是由乙醇和甲醇按1∶1的重量比混合而成。
6、如权利要求4所述的混合燃料及添加剂，其特征在于，所述植物油酸和动物油酸分别是由回收的动物油和植物油经酸化处理制得。
7、如权利要求1所述的混合燃料及添加剂，其特征在于，该混合燃料是由所述组分混合制成的，含有粒径为100nm～500nm的微粒的微乳液。
8、如权利要求1所述的混合燃料及添加剂，其特征在于，所述助燃剂为汽油、柴油、含铈纳米稀土、油溶性纳米二茂铁、环烷酸钙、环烷酸铁、环烷酸含铈稀土中的一种或几种的组合。
9、一种如权利要求1所述环保节能的含海水及动、植物油、醇的微乳化生物汽油、柴油混合燃料及添加剂的制作方法，其特征在于，它包括如下步骤：
a、脱减海水中的盐直至达到无腐蚀燃料标准；
b、将表面活性剂、助溶剂、助燃剂混合制成乳状液或微乳液；
c、将减盐海水与表面活性剂、助溶剂、助燃剂的混合液按所述比例用超声波乳化机搅拌混合成乳状液或微乳液的混合燃料。
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