CN101240205A - A method for preparing briquettes from agricultural waste - Google Patents
A method for preparing briquettes from agricultural waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN101240205A CN101240205A CNA2008100545633A CN200810054563A CN101240205A CN 101240205 A CN101240205 A CN 101240205A CN A2008100545633 A CNA2008100545633 A CN A2008100545633A CN 200810054563 A CN200810054563 A CN 200810054563A CN 101240205 A CN101240205 A CN 101240205A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Abstract
一种利用农业废弃物制备成型燃料的方法，属固体燃料技术领域，用于解决废弃物的利用问题。其技术方案是：它以秸秆、锯末、木屑、稻谷壳、甘蔗渣等农业废弃物和造纸废液为原料，经干燥、粉碎、混配、成型等步骤制备成型燃料。本发明以农业废弃物和造纸废液这两种废物为原料制备生物质燃料，既节省了原料成本，又减轻了污染排放。利用造纸废液中一些物质的粘合作用使造块无需加热，因而无加热损耗，同时也减轻了由加热引起的机械设备磨损和原料的热能损耗。此外，造纸废液中含有3～5％的碱性物质，可使燃烧活性增强。以本发明制备的成型燃料具有易燃、热值高、无污染、成本低等特点。The invention discloses a method for preparing briquette fuel from agricultural waste, which belongs to the technical field of solid fuel and is used to solve the problem of waste utilization. The technical proposal is: it uses straw, sawdust, sawdust, rice husk, bagasse and other agricultural waste and papermaking waste liquid as raw materials, and prepares briquette fuel through steps such as drying, crushing, mixing, and molding. The invention uses agricultural waste and papermaking waste liquid as raw materials to prepare biomass fuel, which not only saves raw material cost, but also reduces pollution discharge. Utilizing the bonding effect of some substances in papermaking waste liquid makes agglomeration without heating, so there is no heating loss, and it also reduces the wear and tear of mechanical equipment and heat energy loss of raw materials caused by heating. In addition, the papermaking waste liquid contains 3-5% alkaline substances, which can enhance the combustion activity. The molded fuel prepared by the invention has the characteristics of flammability, high calorific value, no pollution, low cost and the like.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种农业废弃物的再生处理方法，特别是利用造纸废液和以秸秆为主的农业废弃物制备成型燃料的方法，属固体燃料技术领域。The invention relates to a regeneration treatment method for agricultural waste, in particular to a method for preparing molded fuel by using papermaking waste liquid and agricultural waste mainly straw, and belongs to the technical field of solid fuel.
背景技术Background technique
农业上的废弃物是极为丰富的，以我国为例，每年可产生秸秆约6.5亿吨，到2010年将将达到7.26亿吨，相当于5亿吨标煤。由于农业废弃物普遍热值低、密度小，体积大，不易运输，直接燃烧的热效率仅为10％～30％，使农业废弃物的直接利用受到制约。近年来，随着农业经济水平的不断提高，农村生活用能中高品位的商品能源逐渐增加，秸秆所占的比例越来越低，大量废弃的秸秆在田间地头被焚烧，这种现象不仅浪费大量的生物质能源，而且对环境造成严重污染。针对上述现象将农业废弃物经深加工转化为高品位的能源，替代部分煤炭、石油等化石燃料，无疑对缓解农村能源紧张的局面、有效治理秸秆燃烧造成的污染都具有重要意义。目前，农业废弃物成型技术是将各类分散的、没有一定形状的农作物秸秆、锯末、木屑、稻谷壳、甘蔗渣等废弃物干燥、粉碎后，在一定温度和压力作用下，压制成形状规则、密度较大的棒状、块状或颗粒状成型燃料。其采用的成型技术主要是依靠加热后热压成型，这种方式存有能耗高、成本高等问题，同时，加热也会引起机械设备磨损和燃料的热能损耗。另外，有的成型技术为增加成型燃料的粘度，在成型过程中添加蜜糖、淀粉胶、黏土、焦油等做粘结剂，这无疑也提高了燃料的生产成本，而且黏土、沥青等做粘结剂还会使成型物燃烧结渣严重，对燃烧产生一定的负面影响。Agricultural waste is extremely abundant. Taking my country as an example, about 650 million tons of straw can be produced every year, and it will reach 726 million tons by 2010, equivalent to 500 million tons of standard coal. Because agricultural waste generally has low calorific value, low density, large volume, and is difficult to transport, the thermal efficiency of direct combustion is only 10% to 30%, which restricts the direct utilization of agricultural waste. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the agricultural economy, the high-grade commodity energy in rural life has gradually increased, and the proportion of straw has become lower and lower. A large number of waste straws have been burned in the fields. This phenomenon not only wastes a lot biomass energy, and cause serious pollution to the environment. In response to the above phenomenon, the deep processing of agricultural waste into high-grade energy and the replacement of some fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum are undoubtedly of great significance for alleviating the energy shortage in rural areas and effectively controlling the pollution caused by straw burning. At present, the agricultural waste molding technology is to dry and crush all kinds of scattered and shapeless crop straws, sawdust, wood chips, rice husks, bagasse and other wastes, and press them into regular shapes under certain temperature and pressure. , Rod, block or granular briquette fuel with high density. The molding technology used mainly relies on hot pressing after heating. This method has problems such as high energy consumption and high cost. At the same time, heating will also cause wear of mechanical equipment and heat energy loss of fuel. In addition, in order to increase the viscosity of molding fuel, some molding technologies add honey, starch glue, clay, tar, etc. The caking agent will also cause severe slagging of the molded product, which will have a certain negative impact on combustion.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明用于克服已有技术的缺陷而提供一种利用造纸废液为粘合剂、常温即可压制成型的利用农业废弃物制备成型燃料的方法。The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a method for preparing briquette fuel from agricultural waste, which uses papermaking waste liquid as a binder and can be pressed and molded at normal temperature.
本发明所称问题是以下述技术方案解决的：The said problem of the present invention is solved with following technical scheme:
一种利用农业废弃物制备成型燃料的方法，它以秸秆、锯末、木屑、稻谷壳、甘蔗渣这些农业废弃物和造纸废液为原料，按照如下步骤进行：A method for preparing briquette fuel from agricultural waste, which uses agricultural waste such as straw, sawdust, wood chips, rice husks, bagasse, and papermaking waste liquid as raw materials, and is carried out according to the following steps:
a.干燥：将上述农业废弃物原料自然干燥至含水率7.5～20％wb；a. Drying: naturally drying the above-mentioned agricultural waste raw materials to a moisture content of 7.5-20%wb;
b.粉碎：将干燥后的农业废弃物粉碎至粒径≤50mm；b. Grinding: Grinding the dried agricultural waste to a particle size ≤ 50mm;
c.混配：将粉碎后的农业废弃物与造纸废液按重量比1000∶50～400的比例混合、充分搅拌均匀；c. Mixing: mix the pulverized agricultural waste and papermaking waste liquid in a weight ratio of 1000:50-400, and fully stir them evenly;
d.成型：将上述混合物料送入冲压式成型机在常温下压制成生物质成型燃料。d. Molding: Send the above-mentioned mixed material into a stamping molding machine and press it into biomass briquette fuel at room temperature.
上述利用农业废弃物制备成型燃料的方法，所述生物质成型燃料为直径25～80mm，长度30～80mm的圆柱体，或边长为25～100mm的正方体或长方体。In the method for preparing briquette from agricultural waste, the biomass briquette is a cylinder with a diameter of 25-80 mm and a length of 30-80 mm, or a cube or cuboid with a side length of 25-100 mm.
上述利用农业废弃物制备成型燃料的方法，所述冲压式成型机的成型压力为10～60MP。In the method for preparing molding fuel from agricultural waste, the molding pressure of the stamping molding machine is 10-60MP.
本发明以农业废弃物和造纸废液这两种废物为原料制备生物质成型燃料，既节省了原料成本，又减轻了造纸废液污染和农业废弃物烧荒污染。利用造纸废液中一些物质的粘合作用可使造块过程中无需加热，因而无加热能量损耗，同时减轻了由加热引起的机械设备磨损和原料的热能损耗。此外，造纸废液中含有3～5％的碱性物质，可使燃烧活性增强。以本发明方法制备的成型燃料具有易燃、热值高、无污染、成本低等特点，可作为炊事、取暖燃料，也可以作为工业锅炉和电厂的燃料，具有很好的社会、经济、环保效益。The invention uses agricultural waste and papermaking waste liquid as raw materials to prepare biomass briquette fuel, which not only saves raw material cost, but also reduces the pollution of papermaking waste liquid and agricultural waste burning. Utilizing the binding effect of some substances in the papermaking waste liquid can make the agglomeration process without heating, so there is no heating energy loss, and at the same time, the mechanical equipment wear and the heat energy loss of raw materials caused by heating are reduced. In addition, the papermaking waste liquid contains 3-5% alkaline substances, which can enhance the combustion activity. The molded fuel prepared by the method of the present invention has the characteristics of flammability, high calorific value, no pollution, low cost, etc. It can be used as cooking and heating fuel, and can also be used as fuel for industrial boilers and power plants. It has good social, economic and environmental protection. benefit.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明方法直接使用造纸废液按照一定的添加比例作为生物质成型燃料添加剂，它利用造纸废液中的固形物包括木质素、纤维素、半纤维素的降解物及有机酸等，这些物质生成的碳水化合物起到粘结作用，可在成型燃料制备过程中无需加热直接压制成型，而且还可以提高成型燃料的松弛密度和耐久性。此外，一般情况下，造纸废液中含有3～5％的碱性物质，可使燃烧活性得以增强，黑液中的木素的发热量可达6000kcal/kg。直接使用造纸废液为添加剂，即可达到无需加热提高粘接力的目的，又可最大程度的降低生物质成型燃料的生产成本，还可实现废物利用，可谓一举三得。The method of the present invention directly uses the papermaking waste liquid as a biomass briquette fuel additive according to a certain addition ratio, and it uses the solids in the papermaking waste liquid including lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose degradation products and organic acids, etc., and these substances generate The carbohydrates in the fuel can act as a binding agent, which can be directly pressed and molded without heating during the preparation of the molded fuel, and can also improve the relaxed density and durability of the molded fuel. In addition, in general, papermaking waste liquor contains 3-5% alkaline substances, which can enhance combustion activity, and the calorific value of lignin in black liquor can reach 6000kcal/kg. Directly using papermaking waste liquid as an additive can achieve the purpose of improving the adhesion without heating, and can reduce the production cost of biomass briquettes to the greatest extent, and can also realize waste utilization, which can be said to kill three birds with one stone.
以下提供几个具体实施例：Several specific embodiments are provided below:
实施例1：选取秸秆、锯末、木屑、稻谷壳、甘蔗渣等农业废弃物自然干燥至含水率7.5％wb，将干燥后的农业废弃物粉碎至粒径40mm；将粉碎后的农业废弃物与造纸废液按重量比1000∶50的比例混合、充分搅拌均匀；将上述混合物料送入冲压式成型机在常温下以压力60MP压制成直径25mm，长度30mm的圆柱体生物质成型燃料。Example 1: select agricultural wastes such as straw, sawdust, wood chips, rice husks, bagasse, etc. to dry naturally to a moisture content of 7.5% wb, and crush the dried agricultural wastes to a particle size of 40mm; mix the crushed agricultural wastes with The papermaking waste liquid is mixed according to the weight ratio of 1000:50, and fully stirred evenly; the above-mentioned mixed material is sent to a stamping molding machine and pressed at room temperature with a pressure of 60MP to form a cylindrical biomass briquette fuel with a diameter of 25mm and a length of 30mm.
实施例2：选取秸秆、锯末、木屑、稻谷壳、甘蔗渣等农业废弃物自然干燥至含水率20％wb，将干燥后的农业废弃物粉碎至粒径50mm；将粉碎后的农业废弃物与造纸废液按重量比1000∶400的比例混合、充分搅拌均匀；将上述混合物料送入冲压式成型机在常温下以压力10MP压制成边长25×40×100mm的长方体生物质成型燃料。Embodiment 2: Select agricultural wastes such as straw, sawdust, wood chips, rice husks, bagasse and so on to be dried naturally to a moisture content of 20% wb, and the dried agricultural wastes are crushed to a particle size of 50mm; the crushed agricultural wastes are mixed with The papermaking waste liquid is mixed according to the weight ratio of 1000:400, and fully stirred evenly; the above-mentioned mixed material is sent to a stamping molding machine and pressed at a pressure of 10MP at room temperature to form a rectangular parallelepiped biomass briquette with a side length of 25×40×100mm.
实施例3：选取秸秆、锯末、木屑、稻谷壳、甘蔗渣等农业废弃物自然干燥至含水率15％wb，将干燥后的农业废弃物粉碎至粒径35mm；将粉碎后的农业废弃物与造纸废液按重量比1000∶200的比例混合、充分搅拌均匀；将上述混合物料送入冲压式成型机在常温下以压力30MP压制成直径40mm，长度80mm的圆柱体生物质成型燃料。Embodiment 3: select agricultural wastes such as straw, sawdust, wood chips, rice husks, bagasse, etc. to be naturally dried to a moisture content of 15% wb, and the dried agricultural wastes are crushed to a particle size of 35 mm; the crushed agricultural wastes are mixed with The papermaking waste liquid is mixed according to the weight ratio of 1000:200, and fully stirred evenly; the above-mentioned mixed material is sent to a stamping molding machine at room temperature and pressed at a pressure of 30MP to form a cylindrical biomass briquette fuel with a diameter of 40mm and a length of 80mm.
实施例4：选取秸秆、锯末、木屑、稻谷壳、甘蔗渣等农业废弃物自然干燥至含水率10％wb，将干燥后的农业废弃物粉碎至粒径30mm；将粉碎后的农业废弃物与造纸废液按重量比1000∶150的比例混合、充分搅拌均匀；将上述混合物料送入冲压式成型机在常温下以压力20MP压制成边长40×40×40mm的正方体生物质成型燃料。Embodiment 4: Select agricultural wastes such as straw, sawdust, wood chips, rice husks, bagasse, etc. to dry naturally to a moisture content of 10% wb, and crush the dried agricultural wastes to a particle size of 30 mm; mix the crushed agricultural wastes with The papermaking waste liquid is mixed according to the weight ratio of 1000:150, fully stirred evenly; the above-mentioned mixed material is sent into a stamping molding machine and pressed at a pressure of 20MP at normal temperature to form a cube biomass briquette with a side length of 40×40×40mm.
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Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101880565A (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2010-11-10 | 宁夏嘉进盛环保节能科技有限公司 | Biomass solid fuel and production method thereof |
| CN101899346A (en) * | 2009-05-25 | 2010-12-01 | 广州迪森热能技术股份有限公司 | Biomass moulding fuel preparation method and system thereof |
| CN101899347A (en) * | 2009-11-22 | 2010-12-01 | 王志坚 | Bio-coal and production method |
| CN102115687A (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2011-07-06 | 哈尔滨金石生物质能源发展有限公司 | Novel biomass densification-forming pellet fuel |
| CN102191104A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-09-21 | 吕忠国 | Biomass fuel straw starch coproduction process and equipment |
| CN102220178A (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2011-10-19 | 南宁市环境保护科学研究所 | Method for preparing firewood sticks by waste cassava residues and application on charcoal preparation |
| CN102465048A (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2012-05-23 | 史力 | Sludge biomass forming fuel |
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| CN101899347A (en) * | 2009-11-22 | 2010-12-01 | 王志坚 | Bio-coal and production method |
| CN102712860A (en) * | 2010-01-18 | 2012-10-03 | 株式会社创造 | Solid fuel |
| CN102115687A (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2011-07-06 | 哈尔滨金石生物质能源发展有限公司 | Novel biomass densification-forming pellet fuel |
| CN101880565A (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2010-11-10 | 宁夏嘉进盛环保节能科技有限公司 | Biomass solid fuel and production method thereof |
| CN102465048A (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2012-05-23 | 史力 | Sludge biomass forming fuel |
| CN102191104B (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2014-06-11 | 吕忠国 | Biomass fuel straw starch coproduction process and equipment |
| CN102191104A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-09-21 | 吕忠国 | Biomass fuel straw starch coproduction process and equipment |
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