CN101237448B - Selection method for policy decision function entity in resource receiving control system - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/66—Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/78—Architectures of resource allocation
- H04L47/781—Centralised allocation of resources
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/80—Actions related to the user profile or the type of traffic
- H04L47/805—QOS or priority aware
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- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/10—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources
- H04L63/102—Entity profiles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/1066—Session management
- H04L65/1069—Session establishment or de-establishment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
- H04M15/66—Policy and charging system
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for selecting a strategy decision function entity in a resource admission control system in order to control the resource admission in a PULL mode. After a TRC-FE receives the resource request message of a CPE or a PE-FE receives a transmission layer signaling sent by the CPE, whether the PD-FE identifying message for the pre-authorization of the CPE is stored is judged; if yes, the PD-FE is selected according to the stored PD-FE identifying message and the resource decision request message is sent to the PD-FE; otherwise, whether the PD-FE with the static allocation exists is judged, if yes, the PD-FE is selected according to the static allocation and the resource decision request message is sent to the PD-FE. The method solves the problem of the prior art that the TRC-FE or the PE-FE can not correctly select the PD-FE sending resource decision request in the resource admission control process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the communications field, relate more specifically to the system of selection of the policy deciding functional entity in a kind of resource acceptance control system.
Background technology
NGN (Network Generation Network; Next generation network) is a hot research problem in current communication standard field; It adopts IP (Internet Protocol, Internet protocol) to wait the technology of dividing into groups to communicate by letter and mobile communication as the Bearer Network converged fixed.NGN can provide abundanter multimedia service; As has an emerging service of real-time requirement; Like VoIP (Voice over IP; IP-based voice), video conference, multimedia remote teaching, video request program etc., these business need communication networks can provide service quality support end to end efficiently; The user is also increasingly high to the requirement of network service quality (Quality ofService is called for short QoS) simultaneously.Therefore, how providing end to end, QoS will be one of key problem of NGN.
ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union's telecommunication standards group) has proposed the QoS problem that RACF (Resource andAdmission Control Functions, resource accommodating control function) solves the NGN bearer network.In the up-to-date draft of the RACF that ITU-T announced in April, 2007, the functional framework of RACF is provided, as shown in Figure 1.RACF is made up of two parts: policy deciding functional entity (PolicyDecision Functional Entity is called for short PD-FE) and transmission resource control function entity (TransportResource Control Functional Entity is called for short TRC-FE).
PD-FE and tranmission techniques are irrelevant, and service control function (Service Control Functions is called for short SCF) is also irrelevant.The business information that PD-FE policing rule Network Based, SCF provide, the network attachment function of dominant (Network Attachment Control Functions; Abbreviation NACF) the transport layer CAMEL-Subscription-Information that provides; And the resource and admission result of decision that provides of TRC-FE, make the last decision-making of network resource admission control then.PD-FE carries out gate control based on each stream to PE-FE, based on professional usage policy rule.
TRC-FE and independent of service, but relevant with tranmission techniques.TRC-FE is responsible for collecting and safeguarding the topological sum resource state information that transmits net; Availability based on topology, connectivity, network and node resource; And, carry out and admit control transmitting network based on the use of the network informations such as transport layer CAMEL-Subscription-Information in Access Network control resource.PD-FE is through the QoS resource on the media stream path that Rt reference point request TRC-FE detects or decision is asked.
The transfer function entity is by policy execution functional entity (Policy Enforcement FunctionalEntity; Be called for short PE-FE) and transfer resource execution functional entity (Transport ResourceEnforcement Functional Entity is called for short TRE-FE) composition.PE-FE wraps packet gateway; Can be positioned at subscriber terminal equipment (Customer Premises Equipment; Be called for short CPE) and access network between, between Access Network and the core net or between the different operators network; It is the key node of supporting that dynamic QoS control, port address conversion and control and NAT (Network Address Translator, network address translation) pass through.
PD-FE is a policy deciding functional entity; It can make preliminary QoS resource decision based on medium streaming session information (obtaining from SCF through the Rs interface), user's transfer resource CAMEL-Subscription-Information (obtaining from NACF through the Ru interface); With affirmation whether enough QoS resources are arranged alternately with TRC-FE then; Make a final decision at last, and this decision-making is handed down to the PE-FE execution.
TRC-FE mainly is responsible for resource control, and the resource in its monitor network is also collected relevant information, when the PD-FE request resource, replys according to concrete resource situation.
PE-FE carries out policy control (gate, bandwidth, traffic classification and mark, traffic shaping, two layers and three layers of QoS mapping, collection and report resource use information etc.) under guidance at PD-FE.
The present explanation of TRE-FE agreement is to instruct the strategy execution of carrying out two layers down at TRC-FE, and is definite but concrete function and scope all do not have.
Resource acceptance control system is supported the QoS resource control mode of " drawing (PULL) " and " pushing away (PUSH) " dual mode, to adapt to dissimilar CPE or CPN (Customer PremisesNetwork, user network).
Push-model is meant that SCF is that the business initiated of subscriber equipment is to resource acceptance control system request QoS resource authorization and resource reservation; If this request can be satisfied, then resource acceptance control system initiatively is pushed to transfer function to obtain to transmit accordingly resource with decision-making.
Pull-mode be meant SCF be the business initiated of subscriber equipment to resource acceptance control system request QoS resource authorization and resource reservation, initiatively make a strategic decision when transfer function is received the transport layer signaling message to the resource acceptance control system request.
Wherein pull-mode is divided into the resource and admission control of dual mode again:
A kind of is to need pre-authorization, and its resource and admission control procedure comprises pre-authorization (Authorization), reserves (Reservation), carries out (Commitment) three processes, and latter two process generally can be merged into a flow process.Pre-authorization is to be initiated by CPE, and SCF triggers the request of generation; And reserve, carry out is to be initiated by CPE, and transfer function triggers and generates resource request;
Another kind is to be the fixing business of user device configuration of particular ip address by resource acceptance control system, and its resource and admission control procedure does not need pre-authorization, and subscriber equipment is directly initiated resource reservation request.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 have provided the resource and admission control flow chart that does not need pre-authorization under the RACF pull-mode; And in the resource and admission control that needs the pre-authorization mode; Subscriber equipment also need be initiated authorization requests with the acquisition pre-authorization, after PD-FE carries out pre-authorization to request to RACF earlier before step 201 or step 301; Notice TRC-FE and PE-FE are by the sign (PD-FE Identifier) of TRC-FE or PE-FE preservation PD-FE.
Fig. 2 is the resource and admission control flow that is triggered by TRE-FE, may further comprise the steps:
201, CPE passes through the transport layer signaling message of path coupling directly to the TRE-FE request resource;
The resource request that CPE initiates can trigger TRE-FE and send a resource request message.
202, TRC-FE sends resource request message and gives TRC-FE;
203, TRC-FE checks this resource request according to the current resource situation, if this request is legal, then sends the resource decision request message to PD-FE.
Fig. 3 is by the resource and admission control flow under the pull-mode of PE-FE triggering, may further comprise the steps:
301, CPE passes through the transport layer signaling message of path coupling directly to the PE-FE request resource;
The resource request that CPE initiates can trigger PE-FE and send a resource decision request message.
302, PE-FE sends the resource decision request message and gives PD-FE.
As shown in Figure 4, because TRC-FE or PE-FE can be mutual with a plurality of PD-FE, therefore, in step 203 and step 302, TRC-FE or PE-FE need select correct PD-FE.Here, for the PULL pattern that needs pre-authorization, correct PD-FE is meant and is the PD-FE of subscriber equipment mandate in the pre-authorization process; For the PULL pattern that does not need pre-authorization, correct PD-FE is meant according to the pairing PD-FE of static configuration.And the problem that exists in the prior art is: TRC-FE or PE-FE can't select correct PD-FE to accomplish the resource reservation request flow process.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides the system of selection of the PD-FE in a kind of resource acceptance control system; In the resource and admission control under the PULL pattern; After TRC-FE or PE-FE receive that CPE passes through the resource request of transport layer signaling message initiation, can select correct PD-FE to accomplish the resource reservation flow process.
In order to address the above problem; The invention provides the system of selection of the policy deciding functional entity in a kind of resource acceptance control system, for the control of the resource and admission of PULL pattern, after resource request message or the PE-FE that TRC-FE receives CPE receives the transport layer signaling that CPE sends; Judge whether to preserve the identification information that promising this CPE carries out the PD-FE of pre-authorization; If have, then select this PD-FE according to the identification information of the PD-FE that preserves, send the resource decision request message to it; Otherwise, judge whether the PD-FE of static configuration again, if having, then select PD-FE, and send the resource decision request message to it according to static configuration.
Further, if TRC-FE or PE-FE can't select PD-FE, then send the resource decision request message to all PD-FE; After PD-FE receives said resource decision request message, judge whether the type of service of asking in this message is relevant with it, then handle accordingly if be correlated with.
Further, if CPE PD-FE before initiating resource request carries out pre-authorization to this CPE, then PD-FE sends Resource Availability inspection message and gives TRC-FE, and send a notification message to PE-FE when CPE is carried out pre-authorization;
After TRC-FE and PE-FE receive said message, preserve the identification information of PD-FE and the user profile of this CPE.
Further, the PD-FE of said static configuration is: be the PD-FE of TRC-FE in a certain band of position or PE-FE configuration.
Further, the PD-FE of said static configuration is: be the corresponding PD-FE of the configuration of the CPE in the different IP addresses scope;
When TRC-FE or PE-FE select PD-FE according to static configuration, according to the corresponding PD-FE of IP address range in the said resource request message or under the IP address choice of the CPE that carries in the said transport layer signaling.
The present invention also provides the system of selection of the policy deciding functional entity in a kind of resource acceptance control system, and the resource and admission control for the PULL pattern may further comprise the steps:
CPE initiates the initializing resource request through SCF to PD-FE, when PD-FE carries out pre-authorization to this CPE, sends Resource Availability inspection message and gives TRC-FE, and send a notification message to PE-FE;
After TRC-FE and PE-FE receive said message, preserve the identification information of PD-FE and the user profile of this CPE;
After resource request message or the PE-FE that TRC-FE receives this CPE receives the transport layer signaling that this CPE sends, select this PD-FE according to the identification information of preserving that carries out the PD-FE of pre-authorization for this CPE, to its transmission resource decision request message.
The present invention also provides the system of selection of the policy deciding functional entity in a kind of resource acceptance control system, and the resource and admission control for the PULL pattern may further comprise the steps:
On TRC-FE and PE-FE, preserve the PD-FE of static configuration;
Resource request message or the PE-FE that TRC-FE receives CPE selects PD-FE according to said static configuration, and sends the resource decision request message to it after receiving the transport layer signaling that CPE sends.
Further, the PD-FE of said static configuration is: be the PD-FE of TRC-FE in a certain band of position or PE-FE configuration.
Further, the PD-FE of said static configuration is: be the corresponding PD-FE of the configuration of the CPE in the different IP addresses scope;
When TRC-FE or PE-FE select PD-FE according to static configuration, according to the corresponding PD-FE of IP address range in the said resource request message or under the IP address choice of the CPE that carries in the said transport layer signaling.
Further, if TRC-FE or PE-FE can't select PD-FE, then send the resource decision request message to all PD-FE; After PD-FE receives said resource decision request message, judge whether the type of service of asking in this message is relevant with it, then handle accordingly if be correlated with.
Method provided by the invention has solved in the prior art, and TRC-FE or PE-FE can't select correct PD-FE to send the problem of resource decision request in the resource and admission control procedure.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the RACF functional frame composition of ITU-T;
Fig. 2 is by the resource and admission control flow under the pull-mode of TRE-FE triggering;
Fig. 3 is by the resource and admission control flow under the pull-mode of PE-FE triggering;
Fig. 4 is TRC-FE or PE-FE and the mutual sketch map of a plurality of PD-FE;
Fig. 5 is a resource and admission control flow of being selected PD-FE in the embodiment of the invention by TRC-FE;
Fig. 6 is a resource and admission control flow of being selected PD-FE in the embodiment of the invention by PE-FE.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is done further detailed explanation.
Fig. 5 is in the embodiment of the invention, and the flow process by TRC-FE sends the resource reservation decision requests comprises:
501, CPE passes through the transport layer signaling message of path coupling directly to the TRE-FE request resource.The resource request that CPE initiates will trigger TRE-FE and send a resource decision request message.
502, TRE-FE sends the resource decision request message to TRC-FE, to ask corresponding resource policy.
503, TRC-FE checks this resource decision request according to the current resource situation, if this request is legal; Then select correct PD-FE; And,, therefore can be divided into following several kinds of situation and handle because TRC-FE can be mutual with a plurality of PD-FE to its transmission resource decision request message:
503-1:, directly the resource decision request message is sent to this PD-FE if TRC-FE is only mutual with a PD-FE;
503-2: if TRC-FE and a plurality of PD-FE are mutual; TRC-FE at first judges whether to preserve the sign with the corresponding PD-FE of this CPE in the pre-authorization stage; If, then select PD-FE according to the sign of the PD-FE that preserves, send the resource decision request message to this PD-FE; Otherwise, judge whether the PD-FE of static configuration again, if having, then select PD-FE, and send the resource decision request message to this PD-FE according to static configuration;
If passed through the pre-authorization stage before this CPE; Then PD-FE can notify TRC-FE with authorization message the pre-authorization stage, for example, and when PD-FE carries out pre-authorization to this CPE; Send Resource Availability inspection message and give TRC-FE, PD-FE also can send a notification message to PE-FE; In this breath, comprise the relevant information (like the sign of PD-FE) of PD-FE and the user profile of pre-authorization CPE, the relevant information of user profile that TRC-FE (and PE-FE) will preserve CPE and corresponding (be its carry out pre-authorization) PD-FE.Like this, in follow-up " reservation " and " execution " stage, TRC-FE (or PE-FE) just can locate correct PD-FE according to the information of preserving.
If do not pass through the pre-authorization stage before, then TRC-FE can judge whether the PD-FE of static configuration, if having, then selects PD-FE according to static configuration, and sends the resource decision request message to this PD-FE.Static configuration is meant just does corresponding configuration before mutual between TRC-FE and the PD-FE; For example: the TRC-FE in a certain band of position can only be mutual with that PD-FE of regulation; When TRC-FE receives the transmission equipment sent request, that PD-FE that just this message goes is stipulated; Perhaps the IP address according to CPE is its configuration PD-FE, and promptly different PD-FE handles the request in the different IP addresses scope, and TRC-FE just can mail to corresponding PD-FE according to the IP address information of carrying in the request message like this.
503-3: if TRC-FE can't select correct PD-FE, then TRC-FE will send to all mutual with it PD-FE to this request message.
504, after PD-FE receives request message, judge according to the information such as type of service of asking whether this message is relevant with it, then handles accordingly if be correlated with, and then do not carry out any processing if having nothing to do.
Fig. 6 is in the embodiment of the invention, and the flow process by PE-FE sends the resource reservation decision requests comprises:
601, CPE passes through the transport layer signaling message of path coupling directly to the PE-FE request resource, and the resource request triggers PE-FE that CPE initiates sends a resource request message;
602, PE-FE selects correct PD-FE, and sends the resource decision request message for correct PD-FE, to ask corresponding resource policy;
This step can adopt the system of selection of step 503, and idiographic flow is participated in the description of step 503, repeats no more here.
603, after PD-FE receives request message, judge whether this message is relevant with it, then handles accordingly if be correlated with, and then do not carry out any processing if having nothing to do.
Certainly; The present invention also can have other various embodiments; Do not deviating from the present invention spirit and substantially under the situation; Those of ordinary skill in the art work as can make various corresponding changes and distortion according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and distortion all should belong to the protection range of the appended claim of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the system of selection of the policy deciding functional entity in the resource acceptance control system; It is characterized in that; For the resource and admission control of drawing (PULL) pattern; After transmitting the transport layer signaling that resource request message or policy execution functional entity (PE-FE) that resource control function entity (TRC-FE) receives subscriber terminal equipment (CPE) receive that CPE sends, judge whether to preserve the identification information that promising this CPE carries out the policy deciding functional entity (PD-FE) of pre-authorization, if having; Then select this PD-FE, send the resource decision request message to it according to the identification information of the PD-FE that preserves; Otherwise, judge whether the PD-FE of static configuration again, if having, then select PD-FE, and send the resource decision request message to it according to static configuration.
2. system of selection as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
If TRC-FE or PE-FE can't select PD-FE, then send the resource decision request message to all PD-FE; After PD-FE receives said resource decision request message, judge whether the type of service of asking in this message is relevant with it, then handle accordingly if be correlated with.
3. system of selection as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
If CPE PD-FE before initiating resource request carries out pre-authorization to this CPE, then PD-FE sends Resource Availability inspection message and gives TRC-FE, and send a notification message to PE-FE when CPE is carried out pre-authorization;
After TRC-FE and PE-FE receive said message, preserve the identification information of PD-FE and the user profile of this CPE.
4. system of selection as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
The PD-FE of said static configuration is: be the PD-FE of TRC-FE in a certain band of position or PE-FE configuration.
5. system of selection as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
The PD-FE of said static configuration is: be the corresponding PD-FE of the configuration of the CPE in the different IP addresses scope;
When TRC-FE or PE-FE select PD-FE according to static configuration, according to the corresponding PD-FE of IP address range in the said resource request message or under the IP address choice of the CPE that carries in the said transport layer signaling.
6. the system of selection of the policy deciding functional entity in the resource acceptance control system is characterized in that, the resource and admission control for drawing (PULL) pattern may further comprise the steps:
Subscriber terminal equipment (CPE) is initiated the initializing resource request through Service Control Function to policy deciding functional entity (PD-FE); When PD-FE carries out pre-authorization to this CPE; Send Resource Availability inspection message and give transmission resource control function entity (TRC-FE), and send a notification message to policy execution functional entity (PE-FE);
After TRC-FE and PE-FE receive said message, preserve the identification information of PD-FE and the user profile of this CPE;
After resource request message or the PE-FE that TRC-FE receives this CPE receives the transport layer signaling that this CPE sends, select this PD-FE according to the identification information of preserving that carries out the PD-FE of pre-authorization for this CPE, to its transmission resource decision request message.
7. the system of selection of the policy deciding functional entity in the resource acceptance control system is characterized in that, the resource and admission control for drawing (PULL) pattern may further comprise the steps:
Transmitting the upward policy deciding functional entity (PD-FE) of preservation static configuration of resource control function entity (TRC-FE) and policy execution functional entity (PE-FE);
Resource request message or the PE-FE that TRC-FE receives subscriber terminal equipment (CPE) selects PD-FE according to said static configuration, and sends the resource decision request message to it after receiving the transport layer signaling that CPE sends.
8. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, the PD-FE of said static configuration is: be the PD-FE of TRC-FE in a certain band of position or PE-FE configuration.
9. system of selection as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that,
The PD-FE of said static configuration is: be the corresponding PD-FE of the configuration of the CPE in the different IP addresses scope;
When TRC-FE or PE-FE select PD-FE according to static configuration, according to the corresponding PD-FE of IP address range in the said resource request message or under the IP address choice of the CPE that carries in the said transport layer signaling.
10. system of selection as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that,
If TRC-FE or PE-FE can't select PD-FE, then send the resource decision request message to all PD-FE; After PD-FE receives said resource decision request message, judge whether the type of service of asking in this message is relevant with it, then handle accordingly if be correlated with.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100047727A CN101237448B (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2008-01-30 | Selection method for policy decision function entity in resource receiving control system |
| US12/865,130 US8381261B2 (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2008-05-21 | Method for selecting policy decision functional entity in a resource and admission control system |
| EP08748631A EP2242233A4 (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2008-05-21 | Selecting method of policy decision functional entity in resource and admission control system |
| PCT/CN2008/071025 WO2009100625A1 (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2008-05-21 | Selecting method of policy decision functional entity in resource and admission control system |
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| CN2008100047727A CN101237448B (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2008-01-30 | Selection method for policy decision function entity in resource receiving control system |
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| CN101237448A CN101237448A (en) | 2008-08-06 |
| CN101237448B true CN101237448B (en) | 2012-07-04 |
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| US (1) | US8381261B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2242233A4 (en) |
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| CN101282351B (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2012-03-07 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Resource admission control subsystem as well as method for transmitting resource decision required message |
| CN101668317B (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2012-07-11 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method, system and device for reserving network resources |
| CN107613528B (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2021-01-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and system for controlling service flow |
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| US20070162599A1 (en) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Distributing a policy decision function in an IP multimedia subsystem |
| CN101031140A (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2007-09-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | Network browse agent method and system |
| CN101222432B (en) | 2008-01-23 | 2011-08-24 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Resource accepting and control method |
| WO2010007749A1 (en) * | 2008-07-17 | 2010-01-21 | パナソニック株式会社 | Transmission device, reception device, rate control device, transmission method, and reception method |
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- 2008-01-30 CN CN2008100047727A patent/CN101237448B/en active Active
- 2008-05-21 US US12/865,130 patent/US8381261B2/en active Active
- 2008-05-21 EP EP08748631A patent/EP2242233A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-05-21 WO PCT/CN2008/071025 patent/WO2009100625A1/en active Application Filing
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| CN1998182A (en) * | 2003-02-10 | 2007-07-11 | 诺基亚公司 | Mobile network having IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) entities and solutions for providing simplification of operations and compatibility between different IMS entities |
| CN101102586A (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | A resource receiving and control method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101237448A (en) | 2008-08-06 |
| US20100333171A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
| EP2242233A4 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
| WO2009100625A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
| US8381261B2 (en) | 2013-02-19 |
| EP2242233A1 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
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