CN101218920B - A kind of astragalus seed coating agent and coating method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of astragalus seed coating agent and coating method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种黄芪种衣剂及其包衣方法，它涉及一种种衣剂及其包衣方法。它解决了黄芪作为一种药用植物无法使用现有的种衣剂的问题。黄芪种衣剂按重量份数比主要由25～30份的杀菌剂、5～10份的杀虫剂、0.001～0.05份的植物调节剂和1～10份的助剂组成。包衣方法：(一)清洗、浸种再清洗种子；(二)闷种，干燥；(三)将黄芪种衣剂放入水中搅拌均匀，然后将黄芪种子放入搅匀、摊开、风干，即完成黄芪种子包衣。本发明黄芪种衣剂针对黄芪的生长特点和苗期多发性病虫害而设计，脱落率小于0.2％，壮苗、促进根系，黄芪根冠比提高30％。本发明黄芪种衣剂的包衣方法可除去黄芪种子外皮的胶质层，打破种皮障碍，利于除去种子表面的病原菌，又满足种子萌发对温度的需要，提高黄芪萌发率20～45个百分点。An astragalus seed coating agent and a coating method thereof relate to a seed coating agent and a coating method thereof. It solves the problem that astragalus as a medicinal plant cannot use the existing seed coating agent. The astragalus seed coating agent mainly consists of 25-30 parts of fungicide, 5-10 parts of insecticide, 0.001-0.05 part of plant regulator and 1-10 parts of adjuvant according to the ratio of parts by weight. Coating method: (1) cleaning, soaking the seeds and then cleaning the seeds; (2) soaking the seeds and drying; (3) putting the astragalus seed coating agent in water and stirring evenly, then putting the astragalus seeds into the mix, spreading out, and air-drying, Promptly complete the astragalus seed coating. The astragalus seed coating agent of the invention is designed according to the growth characteristics of the astragalus and the multiple diseases and insect pests at the seedling stage, the shedding rate is less than 0.2%, the seedlings are strengthened, the root system is promoted, and the root-to-shoot ratio of the astragalus is increased by 30%. The coating method of the astragalus seed coating agent of the present invention can remove the gelatinous layer of the astragalus seed coat, break the seed coat barrier, facilitate the removal of pathogenic bacteria on the seed surface, meet the temperature requirements of seed germination, and increase the germination rate of astragalus membranaceus by 20-45 percentage points .
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种种衣剂及其包衣方法。The invention relates to a seed coating agent and a coating method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
目前在农业生产中应用的种衣剂已有许多，如玉米种衣剂、35％多·克·福大豆种衣剂、大豆生化长效种衣剂、烯唑醇种衣剂等；但由于这些现有的种衣剂都含有药用植物中禁用的成分，其残效期过长，且多数属于剧毒成分、对人畜与环境安全性差，因此不能作为药用植物种衣剂，否则会影响中药品质。黄芪作为一种药用植物无法使用现有的种衣剂。There are many seed coating agents used in agricultural production at present, such as corn seed coating agent, 35% multi-kefu soybean seed coating agent, soybean biochemical long-acting seed coating agent, diniconazole seed coating agent etc.; but due to These existing seed coating agents all contain prohibited ingredients in medicinal plants, their residual effect period is too long, and most of them are highly toxic ingredients, which are poor in safety to humans, animals and the environment, so they cannot be used as medicinal plant seed coating agents, otherwise they will affect Chinese medicine quality. Astragalus as a medicinal plant cannot use the existing seed coating agent.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了黄芪作为一种药用植物无法使用现有的种衣剂的问题，而提供的一种黄芪种衣剂及其包衣方法。黄芪种衣剂按重量份数比主要由25～30份的杀菌剂、5～10份的杀虫剂、0.001～0.05份的植物调节剂和1～10份的助剂组成；其中所述杀菌剂由多菌灵和福美双组成；杀虫剂为吡虫啉；植物生长调节剂由己酸二乙氨基乙醇酯和缩节安按1∶1的质量比组成；助剂由胶粘剂、表面活性剂和渗透剂按1∶1∶1的质量比组成；胶粘剂为聚乙烯醇，表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠和吐温80按1∶1的质量比组成，渗透剂为聚乙二醇。黄芪种衣剂的包衣方法按以下步骤进行：(一)黄芪种子在41±2℃的温水中清洗2～4次，然后在41±1℃的水中浸种4±0.5h，之后再用41±1℃的水清洗1次；(二)在20±0.5℃的条件下闷种8±0.5h，之后自然干燥种子表面水分；(三)将质量为黄芪种子干重1％～3％的黄芪种衣剂放入水中搅拌均匀，然后将黄芪种子放入搅匀、摊开、风干，即完成黄芪种子包衣；其中黄芪种衣剂与水按15∶80～90的质量比混合。本发明黄芪种衣剂针对黄芪的生长特点和苗期多发性病虫害而设计，杀虫剂吡虫啉和杀菌剂多菌灵、福美双都高效低毒，对环境和人畜安全，适用性好；吡虫啉还具有内吸性强，杀虫谱广的特点。本发明黄芪种衣剂成膜速度快，不沉淀、不分层，包衣均匀，在土壤中遇水只能吸胀而不溶解脱落，脱落率小于0.2％。本发明黄芪种衣剂防效持久稳定达两年，生物活性高，且对作物安全。使用本发明黄芪种衣剂的黄芪根系壮，根冠比提高30％，生长旺盛。The object of the present invention is to provide an astragalus seed-coating agent and a coating method thereof for the problem that astragalus as a medicinal plant cannot use the existing seed-coating agent. The astragalus seed coating agent is mainly composed of 25-30 parts of fungicide, 5-10 parts of insecticide, 0.001-0.05 part of plant regulator and 1-10 parts of auxiliary agent according to the ratio of parts by weight; wherein the fungicide The agent is composed of carbendazim and thiram; the insecticide is imidacloprid; the plant growth regulator is composed of diethylaminoethanol hexanoate and thiram in a mass ratio of 1:1; the auxiliary agent is composed of adhesive, surfactant and osmotic agent The adhesive is composed of a mass ratio of 1:1:1; the adhesive is polyvinyl alcohol, the surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and Tween 80 according to a mass ratio of 1:1, and the penetrating agent is polyethylene glycol . The coating method of Astragalus membranaceus seed coating agent is carried out according to the following steps: (1) Astragalus seeds are washed 2 to 4 times in warm water at 41±2°C, then soaked in water at 41±1°C for 4±0.5h, and then washed with 41°C Wash once with water at ±1°C; (2) Sow for 8±0.5h under the condition of 20±0.5°C, and then dry the water on the surface of the seeds naturally; The astragalus seed coating agent is put into water and stirred evenly, then the astragalus seeds are put into the mixture, stirred evenly, spread out, and air-dried to complete the astragalus seed coating; wherein the astragalus seed coating agent and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 15:80-90. The astragalus seed coating agent of the present invention is designed for the growth characteristics of Astragalus membranaceus and the multiple diseases and insect pests at the seedling stage. The insecticide imidacloprid, the fungicide carbendazim and thiram are all highly effective and low-toxic, safe for the environment and humans and animals, and have good applicability; imidacloprid can also It has the characteristics of strong systemic absorption and broad insecticidal spectrum. The astragalus seed coating agent of the invention has a fast film-forming speed, no precipitation, no layering, uniform coating, only imbibition but not dissolution and falling off when meeting water in soil, and the falling off rate is less than 0.2%. The astragalus seed coating agent of the invention has a long-lasting and stable preventive effect for two years, high biological activity and safety to crops. The astragalus root system of the astragalus seed coating agent of the invention is strong, the root-to-shoot ratio is increased by 30%, and the growth is vigorous.
由于黄芪种子外皮坚实而厚，并有胶质层，透性不良，因此采用常规包衣技术难于萌发。本发明黄芪种衣剂的包衣方可以除去黄芪种子外皮的胶质层，打破种皮障碍，在温汤浸种的基础上采用变温处理既有利于除去种子表面的部分病原菌，又能满足种子萌发对温度的特殊需要，提高黄芪萌发率20～45个百分点。Because the outer skin of Astragalus membranaceus seeds is firm and thick, with a gelatinous layer and poor permeability, it is difficult to germinate with conventional coating techniques. The coating prescription of the Radix Astragali seed coating agent of the present invention can remove the colloidal layer of the Radix Astragali seed cortex, breaks the barrier of the seed coat, and adopts variable temperature treatment on the basis of soaking the seeds in warm soup to help remove some pathogenic bacteria on the surface of the seeds, and can meet the requirements of seed germination. The special needs of temperature can increase the germination rate of Astragalus membranaceus by 20-45 percentage points.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是普通的未作处理的黄芪种子在染有腐生菌的培养基中的生长图；图2是经过黄芪种衣剂包衣的黄芪种子在染有腐生菌的培养基中的生长图。Fig. 1 is the growth diagram of ordinary untreated Astragalus seeds in the medium infected with saprophytic bacteria; Fig. 2 is the growth diagram of Astragalus seeds coated with astragalus seed coating agent in the medium infected with saprophytic bacteria.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
具体实施方式一：本实施方式黄芪种衣剂按重量份数比主要由25～30份的杀菌剂、5～10份的杀虫剂、0.001～0.05份的植物调节剂和1～10份的助剂组成；其中所述杀菌剂由多菌灵和福美双组成；杀虫剂为吡虫啉；助剂由胶粘剂、表面活性剂和渗透剂按1∶1∶1的质量比组成。Specific embodiment one: the astragalus seed coating agent in this embodiment mainly consists of 25 to 30 parts of fungicides, 5 to 10 parts of insecticides, 0.001 to 0.05 parts of plant regulators and 1 to 10 parts of Auxiliary composition; wherein the bactericide is composed of carbendazim and thiram; the insecticide is imidacloprid; the auxiliary agent is composed of adhesive, surfactant and penetrating agent in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.
对比抑菌试验：Comparative antibacterial test:
表1是不同浓度下本实施方式黄芪种衣剂和N D种衣剂(大豆种衣剂)抑制黄芪主要致病菌-尖孢镰刀菌的抑制效果。Table 1 is the inhibitory effect of the Astragalus seed-coating agent and ND seed-coating agent (soybean seed-coating agent) of the present embodiment inhibiting the main pathogenic bacteria of Astragalus-Fusarium oxysporum under different concentrations.
表1Table 1
试验数据说明本实施方式黄芪种衣剂能有效的抑制黄芪主要致病菌(尖孢镰刀菌)的生长，抑菌效果明显优于大豆种衣剂。The test data shows that the astragalus seed coating agent of this embodiment can effectively inhibit the growth of the main pathogenic bacteria (Fusarium oxysporum) of Astragalus membranaceus, and the antibacterial effect is obviously better than that of the soybean seed coating agent.
图1和图2是黄芪种子在染有腐生菌(黄芪另一种主要致病菌)的培养基中的生长图片，其中图1中黄芪种子未作处理，图2中黄芪种子经过黄芪种衣剂包衣。根据图片对比说明本实施方式黄芪种衣剂能有效的抑制腐生菌的生长。Figure 1 and Figure 2 are pictures of the growth of Astragalus seeds in a medium contaminated with saprophytic bacteria (another main pathogenic bacteria of Astragalus), wherein the Astragalus seeds in Figure 1 have not been treated, and the Astragalus seeds in Figure 2 have been coated with Astragalus seeds agent coating. According to the comparison of pictures, it shows that the astragalus seed coating agent of this embodiment can effectively inhibit the growth of saprophytic bacteria.
具体实施方式二：本实施方式与具体实施方式一的不同点是：黄芪种衣剂按重量份数比主要由26～29份的杀菌剂、6～9份的杀虫剂、0.01～0.04份的植物调节剂和2～9份的助剂组成。其它与实施方式一相同。Specific embodiment two: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment one is: Astragalus seed coating mainly consists of 26-29 parts of fungicides, 6-9 parts of insecticides, 0.01-0.04 parts It consists of a plant regulator and 2-9 parts of adjuvants. Others are the same as the first embodiment.
具体实施方式三：本实施方式与具体实施方式一的不同点是：黄芪种衣剂按重量份数比主要由27份的杀菌剂、8份的杀虫剂、0.03份的植物调节剂和5份的助剂组成。其它与实施方式一相同。Specific embodiment three: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment one is: Astragalus seed coating mainly consists of 27 parts of fungicides, 8 parts of insecticides, 0.03 parts of plant regulators and 5 parts by weight. parts of additives. Others are the same as the first embodiment.
具体实施方式四：本实施方式与具体实施方式一的不同点是：黄芪种衣剂按重量份数比还包括0.02～0.04份的微量元素，微量元素由钼、硼和锰组成。其它与实施方式一相同。Embodiment 4: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the astragalus seed coating also includes 0.02 to 0.04 parts of trace elements by weight, and the trace elements are composed of molybdenum, boron and manganese. Others are the same as the first embodiment.
本实施方式微量元素钼、硼和锰之间的比例根据栽培土壤实际情况进行调整。微量元素的加入更有利于黄芪根系的生长。In this embodiment, the ratio of the trace elements molybdenum, boron and manganese is adjusted according to the actual conditions of the cultivation soil. The addition of trace elements is more conducive to the growth of Astragalus roots.
具体实施方式五：本实施方式与具体实施方式四的不同点是：黄芪种衣剂按重量份数比还包括0.03份的微量元素，微量元素由钼、硼和锰组成。其它与实施方式四相同。Embodiment 5: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 4 is that the astragalus seed coating agent also includes 0.03 parts of trace elements by weight, and the trace elements are composed of molybdenum, boron and manganese. Others are the same as Embodiment 4.
具体实施方式六：本实施方式与具体实施方式一的不同点是：黄芪种衣剂按重量份数比还包括0.1～0.5份的指示染料，指示染料为酸性大红或次甲基蓝。其它与实施方式一相同。Embodiment 6: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the astragalus seed coating agent also includes 0.1 to 0.5 parts of an indicator dye in parts by weight, and the indicator dye is acid scarlet or methylene blue. Others are the same as the first embodiment.
本实施方式可以改变包衣后种子的颜色，使其更为醒目，便于识别，而且可以有效的避免儿童或禽类误食。This embodiment can change the color of the coated seeds to make them more eye-catching and easy to identify, and can effectively prevent children or birds from eating them by mistake.
具体实施方式七：本实施方式与具体实施方式六的不同点是：黄芪种衣剂按重量份数比还包括0.3份的指示染料，指示染料为酸性大红或次甲基蓝。其它与实施方式六相同。Embodiment 7: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 6 is that the astragalus seed coating also includes 0.3 parts of indicator dye by weight, and the indicator dye is acid scarlet or methylene blue. Others are the same as Embodiment 6.
具体实施方式八：本实施方式与具体实施方式一的不同点是：多菌灵与福美双的重量比为3∶4。其它与实施方式一相同。Embodiment 8: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the weight ratio of carbendazim to thiram is 3:4. Others are the same as the first embodiment.
本实施方式抑菌效果比其它比例高5个百分点以上。The antibacterial effect of this embodiment is more than 5 percentage points higher than other proportions.
具体实施方式九：本实施方式与具体实施方式一的不同点是：植物生长调节剂由己酸二乙氨基乙醇酯(DTA-6)和缩节安(DPC)按1∶1的质量比组成。其它与实施方式一相同。Embodiment 9: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the plant growth regulator consists of diethylaminoethanol hexanoate (DTA-6) and DPC (DPC) in a mass ratio of 1:1. Others are the same as the first embodiment.
黄芪以根入药，本实施方式植物调节剂有利于黄芪的根系生长。Radix Astragali uses roots as medicine, and the plant regulator in this embodiment is beneficial to the root growth of Radix Astragali.
具体实施方式十：本实施方式与具体实施方式一的不同点是：胶粘剂为聚乙烯醇。其它与实施方式一相同。Embodiment 10: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the adhesive is polyvinyl alcohol. Others are the same as the first embodiment.
本实施方式胶粘剂可促进黄芪种衣剂的包衣效果。The adhesive in this embodiment can promote the coating effect of the astragalus seed coating.
具体实施方式十一：本实施方式与具体实施方式一的不同点是：表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠和吐温80按1∶1的质量比组成。其它与实施方式一相同。Embodiment 11: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the surfactant is composed of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and Tween 80 in a mass ratio of 1:1. Others are the same as the first embodiment.
具体实施方式十二：本实施方式与具体实施方式一的不同点是：渗透剂为聚乙二醇。其它与实施方式一相同。Embodiment 12: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the penetrating agent is polyethylene glycol. Others are the same as the first embodiment.
本实施方式中渗透剂可使黄芪种衣剂中的抑菌成分更好的穿透黄芪种皮，抑制黄芪种皮内有害菌的生长。In this embodiment, the penetrating agent can enable the antibacterial components in the astragalus seed coating agent to better penetrate the astragalus seed coat, and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the astragalus seed coat.
具体实施方式十三：本实施方式黄芪种衣剂的包衣方法按以下步骤进行：(一)黄芪种子在41±2℃的温水中清洗2～4次，然后在41±1℃的水中浸种4±0.5h，之后再用41±1℃的水清洗1次；(二)在20±0.5℃的条件下闷种8±0.5h，之后自然干燥种子表面水分；(三)将质量为黄芪种子干重1％～3％的黄芪种衣剂放入水中搅拌均匀，然后将黄芪种子放入搅匀、摊开、风干，即完成黄芪种子包衣；其中黄芪种衣剂与水按15∶80～90的质量比混合。Specific embodiment thirteen: the coating method of the astragalus seed coating agent in this embodiment is carried out according to the following steps: (1) the astragalus seeds are washed 2 to 4 times in warm water at 41±2°C, and then soaked in water at 41±1°C 4±0.5h, and then washed once with water at 41±1°C; (2) Sow for 8±0.5h under the condition of 20±0.5°C, and then dry the water on the surface of the seeds naturally; Put the astragalus seed coating agent with 1% to 3% of the dry weight of the seeds into water and stir evenly, then put the astragalus seeds into the mix, spread them out, and air-dry to complete the astragalus seed coating; wherein the astragalus seed coating agent and water are 15: The mass ratio of 80-90 is mixed.
本实施方式闷种后干燥种子可以增加黄芪种衣剂的附着力。In this embodiment, drying the seeds after sowing can increase the adhesion of the astragalus seed coating.
具体实施方式十四：本实施方式与具体实施方式十三的不同点是：步骤(一)黄芪种子在41℃的温水中清洗3次，然后在41℃的水中浸种4h，之后再用41℃的水清洗1次。其它步骤与实施方式十三相同。Specific embodiment fourteen: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment thirteen is: Step (1) Astragalus seeds are washed 3 times in warm water at 41°C, then soaked in water at 41°C for 4h, and then soaked in water at 41°C Wash with water 1 time. Other steps are the same as those in Embodiment 13.
具体实施方式十五：本实施方式与具体实施方式十三的不同点是：步骤(二)在20℃的条件下闷种8h。其它步骤与实施方式十三相同。Embodiment 15: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 13 is that in step (2) the seeds are sown at 20° C. for 8 hours. Other steps are the same as those in Embodiment 13.
具体实施方式十六：本实施方式与具体实施方式十三的不同点是：其中黄芪种衣剂与水按15∶85的质量比混合。其它与实施方式十三相同。Embodiment 16: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 13 is that the astragalus seed coating and water are mixed in a mass ratio of 15:85. Others are the same as the thirteenth embodiment.
本实施方式种衣剂粘稠度和吸附度最佳。The viscosity and adsorption degree of the seed coating agent in this embodiment are the best.
具体实施方式十七：本实施方式与具体实施方式十三的不同点是：黄种衣剂用量为黄芪种子干重的2％。其它与实施方式十三相同。Specific embodiment seventeen: the difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment thirteen is: the dosage of the yellow seed coating agent is 2% of the dry weight of the astragalus seeds. Others are the same as the thirteenth embodiment.
对比试验：Comparative Test:
1、种子萌发率1. Seed germination rate
种子萌发率对比试验数据如表2所示。Seed germination rate comparison test data are shown in Table 2.
表2Table 2
2、幼苗胚根长度2. Seedling radicle length
幼苗胚根长度对比试验数据如表3所示。Seedling radicle length comparison test data are shown in Table 3.
表3table 3
3、幼苗胚根干物质积累3. Accumulation of dry matter in seedling radicle
幼苗胚根干物质积累对比试验数据如表4所示。Table 4 shows the experimental data of seedling radicle dry matter accumulation comparison.
表4Table 4
4、幼苗子叶干物质积累4. Seedling cotyledon dry matter accumulation
幼苗子叶干物质积累对比试验数据如表5所示。Seedling cotyledon dry matter accumulation comparison test data are shown in Table 5.
表5table 5
对比试验数据说明本实施方式效果最为理想。The comparative test data shows that the effect of this embodiment is the most ideal.
Claims (6)
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| CN103664314A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2014-03-26 | 吉林农业大学 | Preparation and use methods of ginseng seed coating agent |
| CN103004824B (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-11-19 | 成都中医药大学 | A kind of magnolia bark seed coating agent and coating method |
| CN104620799B (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2018-09-21 | 内蒙古瑞琛生物科技有限公司 | A kind of astragalus mongolicus high ridge seedbed trickle irrigation method for culturing seedlings |
| CN103931385B (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2016-06-01 | 董熙峰 | A kind of glutinous rehmannia and capsicum intercropping improve the kind method for planting of glutinous rehmannia output |
| CN105638020B (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2018-02-16 | 西和县志强中药材开发有限公司 | A kind of processing method of astragalus membranaceus seed |
| CN105052961A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-11-18 | 佛山市顺德区宝铜金属科技有限公司 | Composition for seed treatment |
| CN106689183A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-05-24 | 陕西中医药大学 | Multifunctional medicinal plant seed coating agent and preparation and coating methods thereof |
| CN106900320B (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2020-07-14 | 山西中医学院 | A kind of planting method of high-quality Mongolian Astragalus |
| CN111328820A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-06-26 | 内蒙古天创药业科技股份有限公司 | Astragalus seed coating agent suitable for dry farmland |
| CN113331203A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-09-03 | 中国中药有限公司 | Astragalus seed coating agent and coating method and application thereof |
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