CN101206118A - The Automatic Calculation Method of Sun Azimuth and Its Automatic Calculator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic calculation method for the sun's azimuth, which is characterized in that it extracts the declination and time difference from the time signal to the database, and calculates the local hour angle of the real sun according to the longitude and latitude of the tester, time and time difference; Latitude and hour angle, the real-time true azimuth of the sun is calculated through the equation, and the precise solar magnetic azimuth is obtained by subtracting the magnetic difference. The automatic calculator is connected by a clock generator, a power supply, a communication interface, a combination key, a CPU circuit, an information display screen, a setting data memory, a list data memory, and a program memory. The beneficial effect of the present invention is that it can automatically calculate and display on the screen including the sun's true azimuth, solar declination, time difference, local hour angle, etc., freeing the user from the previous cumbersome and time-consuming manual calculations. The calculator also has a communication interface, which can be connected with the communication navigation system equipment.

Description

The Automatic Calculation Method of Sun Azimuth and Its Automatic Calculator

technical field

The invention relates to an automatic calculation method of the sun's azimuth and an automatic calculator using the method, thereby changing the backward situation of table look-up, interpolation and manual calculation which are complicated and have low precision.

Background technique

Using the true azimuth of a celestial body (such as the sun) as the reference azimuth for calibrating pointing equipment is a common method used by surveyors such as captains and calibrators. If there is an error in the plus or minus sign, even if you use a computer or an ordinary calculator, it cannot meet the digital communication needs of modern intelligent systems.

Contents of the invention

In order to change the cumbersome, tense, time-consuming, and error-prone manual calculation tabulation of the current sun orientation, provide a method that combines the true orientation of the sun with the position attribute, date, and time attribute of the observation point, and celestial bodies (sun ) operation attributes and other relational equations, according to the corresponding series of calculation methods and can automatically perform dynamic processing, and give a true sun position every second, which is an automatic sun position calculator for the deviation measurement and calibration of the navigation system's position equipment.

A method for automatically calculating the sun position is characterized in that the steps of the method are:

1. The real-time time signal is provided by the clock generator, and the corresponding declination and time difference are extracted from the solar declination and time difference database stored in the data memory, and the local time angle of the real sun is calculated according to the longitude and latitude, time and time difference of the tester;

2. Using the longitude and latitude of the tester, the sun's declination and hour angle, it is transformed into a practical equation through the definition of spherical trigonometry

A: real-time true azimuth of the sun;

δ: solar declination;

t: local hour angle of the true sun;

: measuring point latitude;

Calculate the real-time true azimuth of the sun according to the above equation;

3. Based on the real-time true azimuth of the sun calculated above, subtract the magnetic difference data marked on the chart by the measurer’s latitude and longitude, or the current local time obtained by checking the magnetic difference website of the British government or automatically corrected from the GPS. The magnetic variation of , obtains the precise solar magnetic azimuth.

The automatic calculator of solar orientation made by applying the above method is characterized in that it is connected by a clock generator, a power supply, a communication interface, a combination key, a CPU circuit, an information display screen, a setting data memory, a list data memory, and a program memory. In this way, the setting data memory stores the measurer's latitude and longitude, time setting data, and magnetic variation; the list data memory stores solar declination and time difference databases; the program memory stores computer process binary codes.

The invention effect of the present invention is, according to the corresponding series of algorithms, automatically carry out dynamic processing with the relationship equations such as the position attribute of the sun's true orientation and the observation point, date, time attribute, celestial body (sun) operation attribute, and give a sun per second The true azimuth is used for the difference measurement and calibration of the navigation system's azimuth equipment; the solar azimuth automatic calculator also provides the query function of the sun's true azimuth and related parameters, according to the given conditions, such as: the position of the tester, date, time attributes ( Time zone time or Green time or apparent time), the instrument immediately gives the results: including the true azimuth of the sun, solar declination, time difference, local time angle, sun sunrise, no time of day, etc., saving the user from the tedious, stressful and time-consuming , error-prone query, calculation, interpolation, and verification; the solar azimuth automatic calculator also has a transient capture function, which can freeze the frame immediately when needed in the normal sun true azimuth display, and query the detailed information at that moment under static conditions. The parameters related to azimuth are for research; the solar azimuth automatic calculator has the property that can be set arbitrarily and applied to Green Time or any time zone in the world; the solar azimuth automatic calculator has a communication interface, which can communicate with the digital orientation of the system The instrument is connected to realize the automatic measurement and correction of the orientation error, and the communication interface can also provide dynamic orientation data output, storage, printing, etc. The solar azimuth automatic calculator adopts a 4-key design, and the operation is simple and clear with the menu and multiple keys.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the celestial sphere diagram of seeking the sun azimuth principle;

Fig. 2 is a spherical triangular diagram for solving the true azimuth of the sun;

Fig. 3 is the functional block diagram of this sun position automatic calculator system;

Fig. 4 is the circuit principle diagram of this sun position automatic calculator;

Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the main program of the automatic solar azimuth calculator.

Principle of the present invention:

The solar azimuth automatic calculator is a digital intelligent electronic product that combines the law of the sun and the earth's motion with microprocessor technology. According to the principle of astronomical measurement, the earth is the center, and the sun and the earth's equivalent line of sight are the radius) elliptical movement Track is corrected by time difference) as a sphere (celestial sphere), as shown in Figure 1, on the celestial sphere, three points form a spherical triangle with the celestial north pole, the zenith of the tester, and the celestial body (sun), as shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 2, in astronomical spherical trigonometry, the main functions for solving the orientation of celestial bodies according to the cotangent theorem are:

ctgA＝ctg(90°-declination)*sin(90°-latitude)/sin hour angle-cos(90°-latitude)*ctg hour angle

＝tg(declination)*cos(latitude)/sin(hour angle)-sin(latitude)*ctg(hour angle)

The equations listed are:

A: Real-time real azimuth of the real sun;

δ: solar declination;

t: local hour angle of the true sun;

: measuring point latitude.

The above data is taken from the ship time of the measurer (the time zone time is taken on land), and the calculation result is the true azimuth of the sun corresponding to the measurer at that time. In the formula, both the hour angle and the declination have functions of time, date attributes, and position attributes. In the past, through manual table lookup, interpolation, subdivision, and calculation, the present invention is to automatically extract the time signal from the database by programming the time signal sent by the time generator. Pick up the data needed in the formula for automatic calculation.

Detailed ways

The system structure of the solar azimuth automatic calculator is shown in Figure 3. It is connected by a clock generator, a power supply, a communication interface, a combination key, a CPU circuit, an information display screen, a setting data memory, a list data memory, and a program memory. The above-mentioned setting data memory stores the longitude and latitude of the surveyor, time setting data and magnetic difference; the list data memory stores the solar declination and time difference database; the program memory stores the binary code of the computer process. For example, the data of the solar declination table in the attached table 1, the time difference table in the attached table 2, etc. are stored in the setting data memory. According to above-mentioned system, 1. provide real-time time signal by time generator, extract corresponding declination and time difference to the solar declination and time difference database in the setting data store in memory, calculate true sun's time according to surveyor's latitude and longitude, time and time difference Local hour angle; 2. Use the longitude and latitude of the surveyor, the sun's declination and hour angle, and convert it into a practical equation (1) to calculate the real-time real azimuth of the sun through the definition of spherical trigonometry; The local magnetic variation at that time is obtained by calculating the magnetic variation data marked on the nautical chart with latitude and longitude, or by checking the magnetic variation website of the British government, or automatically correcting the magnetic variation obtained from GPS, to obtain the precise solar magnetic azimuth.

As shown in Figure 3, the solar position automatic calculator system, the CPU adopts an 8-bit single-chip microcomputer, and the combination keys are 4 keys, which are respectively "menu key", "confirmation key", "previous page turning or subtraction key" and "backward turning page". or increment key", the list data memory and program memory use flash memory, the setting data memory uses I ² C serial memory, the communication interface uses RS232 serial port, which can communicate with the system navigation equipment, output dynamic orientation and related Data, to realize the automation of compass correction; connected with computer and printer, it can be stored and printed. The information display screen uses a two-line character liquid crystal display to display the subject sun azimuth and related subtopic parameters related to the sun's true azimuth. The clock generator uses a serial clock chip to ensure accurate travel time under the condition of micro power consumption. The power supply of the solar position automatic calculator adopts dual power supplies. The external power supply provides working power for the whole machine, and at the same time trickle charges the battery. When the whole machine is turned off, the battery maintains the normal time of the clock.

The solar position automatic calculator circuit is shown in Figure 4, and it comprises combination key circuit 1, CPU circuit 2, display screen circuit 3, CPU crystal oscillator circuit 4, reset circuit 5, communication interface serial drive circuit 6, clock circuit 7, I ² C serial memory circuit 8 and power supply circuit 9.

The solar azimuth automatic calculator realizes the automatic calculation of the solar azimuth and depends on the program software of the system. The program software has 8 parts: system main program, key function analysis module, analysis and calculation module, screen display module, setting module, query module, freeze frame module, communication module, etc. Figure 5 is the main program flow chart of the system. First enter the initialization: initialize the relevant internal parameters of the software, load the self-edited special display character library, extract the setting data to the random memory (read from the ^I2C memory to the static variable), initialize the time zone, initialize the display screen (clear screen and cursor) positioning), initializing the display page (default screen: true sun azimuth + clock), initializing system status (for key analysis), etc. The main program takes 100ms as the cycle flow, and follows the following sequence in the loop body: monitor the button action, refresh the time and date, call the analysis and calculation module to obtain the required data, call the split-screen display module to display and send data from the communication interface, and wait until 100ms After completing a cycle, return to the head of the cycle body to continue the cycle, realizing the dynamic display and output of the sun position and related information.

As shown in Figure 5, the specific operation steps:

1. Boot

2. There is no button for overtime, and the true azimuth or magnetic azimuth of the sun is automatically calculated and dynamically displayed every second. There is an ENTER button to lock the current display data.

3. The MENU key switches to the three states of normal display/query/setting.

4. Inquiry display: ENTER to enter, PREIVI/NEXT to turn the screen to select the corresponding option, and use the ENTER key to inquire about relevant information.

5. Setting status: ENTER to enter, PREIVI/NEXT scroll to select the corresponding option, use ENTER to query related information.

6. In any state, if there is no button timeout, it will enter the normal display.

The main functional modules are described as follows: the flow of the analysis and calculation module is to first check the built-in database of the data storage according to the date and time, obtain the solar declination and time difference, and calculate the location with the known position of the tester (longitude, latitude). Hour angle, and then calculate the sunrise, no time and azimuth, the true azimuth of the sun, etc., and each calculated item is updated to the register (assigned to a global variable), so that it can be reused under the same conditions (such as turning the screen, etc.) ;The flow of the setting program module is that after entering the setting program from the main program, continue to wait for the key to be pressed, or exit the setting, and the key function analysis obtains the setting items, and the setting items include "time zone", "date", "clock", "measurement Enter a certain setting item, input the setting value, confirm and wait for setting other items after inputting, or exit the setting, and return to the main program cycle; query program module: its function is to input query conditions from the keyboard: date, Time, position (latitude and longitude) of the tester, display the true orientation of the sun and related information under given conditions, enter the query program module from the main program and continue to wait for the key, after pressing a key, execute the corresponding query condition input program after key function analysis Input data, after completion, the program flows to the continue test button, waiting for other conditions to be input, or turns to the flip-screen display module for display; the freeze-frame function module, the function is that the main program captures the data at the moment when it is dynamically displayed, and performs flip-screen display. Enter the freeze-frame function, extract the time and date at that time, send it to the flip-screen display module after analysis and calculation, and continue to test the buttons at the same time until you exit the freeze-frame function and return to the main program; the flip-screen display module has seven screens in total, and each screen displays up and down Two lines, the first screen, the first line displays the sun position, the second line displays the time zone; the second screen: the first line displays the sun position, the second line displays the date; the third screen: the first line displays the sun position, the second line 2 lines display solar declination; 4th screen: 1st line displays sun azimuth, 2nd line displays solar time difference; 5th screen: 1st line displays sun azimuth, 2nd line displays local hour angle; 6th screen: 1st The first line shows when the boat is out of the sun, the second line shows the sunrise azimuth; the seventh screen: the first line shows when the sun is out of the boat, and the second line shows the sunless azimuth. One key function is to turn forward 1 screen or backward 1 screen relative to the current state. After turning the screen, only the display content of the information is changed, and the program still continues the process item before the screen turning.

Attached Table 1: Solar Declination Table (Example Table 1 Page), Attached Table 2: Time Difference Table (Example Table 1 Page).

Schedule 1. Solar Declination Table

  (12:00 UTC every day)

Annual 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012 date January February March April May June July August September October November December 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 ° ° 23 0222 5722 5222 4622 3922 3322 2522 1022 1022 0121 5221 3321 2321 1221 0120 4920 3820 2520 0019 4619 3219 0418 3418 1818 0317 46 South 17 30 30 30 ° ° Southern 17 1316 5616 3916 2116 0315 4515 2615 0714 4814 2914 1013 5013 1012 4912 2912 0811 4711 2610 4310 219 599 379 158 538 08 South 755 °′South 7 226 596 366 135 505 275 034 404 163 533 293 062 422 181 551 311 070 44South 0 20North 0 040 280 511 151 392 022 262 53 9 North 2 North 465 095 325 325 546 407 027 257 478 098 539 159 379 5810 1910 4011 0111 2211 4312 0312 2313 0313 2214 0114 38 North 14 57 ° ° 1 1515 3315 5016 0816 2516 4216 5817 1417 4618 0118 1618 3118 4619 0019 2719 4019 5320 0620 1820 4120 5221 1321 2321 3321 51 North 2200 North 2200 ° ° North 22 0822 1522 2322 3022 3622 4222 4822 5422 5823 0723 1123 1423 1723 2023 2223 2423 2623 2623 2623 2423 2223 1523 1523 12 North 23 08 ° ° North 23 0423 0022 5522 4922 4422 3822 3122 2422 1722 1022 0221 5321 4521 3521 2621 1621 0620 5520 44444420 3320 1019 5719 4519 0518 3718 3718 22 North 18 07 ° ° 2 17 5217 3717 2117 0516 4916 3316 1615 5915 4115 0614 4814 3014 1113 5213 3313 1412 5512 3512 1611 5611 3511 1510 3410 139 529 319 098 48 North 86 °′ North 8 057 437 216 596 366 145 515 295 064 434 213 583 353 122 492 262 021 381 160 530 29 North 0 06 South 0 170 411 041 281 252 South 3 3 243 474 114 344 575 205 436 066 286 517 147 367 598 439 059 27910 1110 3210 5411 1511 3611 5712 3813 1813 3813 58 South 17 17 ° ° Southern 14 3614 5515 1415 3215 5116 0916 2616 4417 0117 1817 3417 5118 2218 3718 5219 0719 2119 3519 4920 0220 2720 3920 5121 1321 2421 34 South 2144 ° ° 1 21 5322 0222 1022 1022 2622 3322 4022 4622 5723 0223 0723 1123 1423 2023 2223 2423 2623 2823 2623 2423 2323 1523 1523 08 South 23 07 23 07

Schedule 2. Time difference table

          (12:00 UTC every day)

annual 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012 date January February March April May June July August September October November December 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031 M S-3 183 464 144 425 095 366 026 286 537 428 058 519 349 5510 1510 3410 5211 1011 2711 4311 312 2712 4012 0313 13-13 23 M S-1313 4013 4713 5313 5914 0314 0714 1014 1314 1514 1414 1314 1114 0414 0013 5513 4313 3613 2913 0212 5212 41-230 30 30 m s- 12 1912 0611 5411 4011 2711 1310 5810 4410 2810 139 579 419 259 088 518 348 178 007 427 257 076 496 316 0 4 555 4 0 4 6 m s- 3 483 303 122 552 372 202 031 471 301 140 580 430 27- 0 12+ 0 020 160 300 430 561 091 211 331 441 552 4 9 2 4 2 2 2 m s+ 2 573 043 103 163 213 253 293 333 363 383 403 413 413 413 403 393 373 353 323 293 253 203 153 103 042 575 8 2422 7 + m s+ 2 092 001 501 401 291 191 080 560 440 320 20+ 0 08- 0 050 180 300 430 561 101 231 361 492 022 152 282 402 913 3 3 3 3 m s- 3 534 044 154 254 364 464 555 055 145 225 305 385 455 525 586 036 096 136 176 216 246 266 286 296 296 296 296 276 2 m s- 6 166 126 076 015 555 485 415 335 255 165 064 564 464 354 234 113 583 453 313 173 022 472 312 151 581 1 241 030 - m s+ 0 080 270 471 071 271 472 082 282 493 103 313 524 134 344 555 175 385 596 216 427 037 247 468 068 278 489 089 0 419 M S+10 2810 4711 0611 2411 4212 0012 1712 3412 5013 0613 2113 3613 5014 1714 3014 4214 5415 1515 2515 3415 5015 5716 0916 1416 21+16 24 24 M S+16 2516 2616 2616 2516 2416 2116 1316 0816 0215 5615 4815 3915 3014 5714 4514 3114 1713 4613 3512 3512 5611 35+113 m s+ 10 5110 2810 049 109 158 498 237 577 307 036 356 075 395 104 414 123 423 132 432 141 411 110 44+ 0 15- 0 1 - 2 1504 34 4 1 2

Claims (7)

1. solar azimuth automatic calculating method is characterized in that method step is:

1) provides the real-time time signal by clock generator, exist solar declination and time difference data storehouse in the data-carrier store to extract the corresponding declination and the time difference, calculate the local hour angle of true sun according to survey person's longitude and latitude, time and the time difference to interior;

2) declination and the hour angle of application survey person longitude and latitude, the sun change into practical equation by the spherical trigonometry definition:

A: the real-time true bearing of the sun;

δ: solar declination;

T: the local hour angle of true sun;

: measurement point latitude;

Calculate the real-time true bearing of the sun according to above-mentioned equation;

3) deduct by survey person's longitude and latitude institute's target magnetic variation data computation on sea chart according to the real-time true bearing of the above-mentioned sun of calculating and obtain or look into the magnetic variation that the magnetic variation that obtains or get from GPS is revised the there and then that obtains automatically on the net, obtain smart sun magnetic azimuth by British government's magnetic variation.

2. use the solar azimuth comptograph that said method is made, it is characterized in that, it by clock generator, power supply, communication interface, Macintosh, cpu circuit, information display screen, data-carrier store, table data storer, program storage be set be formed by connecting, the described setting stores survey person's longitude and latitude, time set data, magnetic variation in the data-carrier store; The table data memory stores has solar declination and time difference data storehouse; Program storage stores the computer process binary code.

3. solar azimuth comptograph according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described power supply adopts dual power supply, and external power supply provides working power to complete machine, simultaneously battery is carried out trickle charge, when being kept clock and normally walked by battery when complete machine cuts out.

4. solar azimuth comptograph according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described communication interface adopts the RS232 serial port, is connected communication with the system navigator.

5. solar azimuth comptograph according to claim 2 is characterized in that described Macintosh is 4 keys, is respectively " Menu key ", " acknowledgement key ", " preceding page turning or subtrahend key " and " back page turning or increase several keys ".

6. solar azimuth comptograph according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described table data storer, program storage adopt the flash flash memory, and data-carrier store I is set ²The C serial storage.

7. solar azimuth comptograph according to claim 2, it is characterized in that its circuit mainly comprises Macintosh circuit (1), cpu circuit (2), display screen circuit (3), CPU crystal oscillating circuit (4), reset circuit (5), serial communication interface driving circuit (6), clock circuit (7), I ²C serial memory circuit (8) and power circuit (9).

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