CN101179362B - Automatic retransmission request mechanism suitable for mobile stream media application - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic retransmission request mechanism applicable to mobile streaming media. The invention is applied to solve the problem that present automatic retransmission request mechanism inapplicable to mobile streaming media due to the long time delay. The automatic retransmission request mechanism applicable to mobile streaming media application includes: (1) the sending terminal adds sequence numbers to each data packet according to the playing sequence and then sends the data packet to the receiving terminal; (2) the receiving terminal controls retransmission according to the sequence number intervals of the received data packet. The retransmission is controlled as follows: when the sequence number intervals of the received data packets are detected, the receiving terminal will request the retransmission buffer zone of the sending terminal to retransmit the data packets with the sequence number intervals. By applying the method to detect loss of data packets, the fast detection of data packet loss is achieved, as only intervals between sequence numbers need detecting, and thereby the retransmission time delay is shortened. The automatic retransmission request mechanism applicable to mobile streaming media is mainly applied in video streaming playing of mobile streaming media.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of automatic repeat requests (ARQ:Automatic Repeat Request) mechanism, particularly a kind of automatic repeat requests mechanism that is applied in the mobile flow medium.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of mobile communication, people no longer are satisfied with and obtain independent text, sound or image information, but hope to be comprised simultaneously the stream media information of text, sound, image and video.And 3G (Third Generation) Moblie network (3G) has not only been inherited time division multiple access access (TDMA) technology; Also develop a series of brand-new code division multiple accesss and inserted (CDMA) technology; Make the 3G mobile network possess the high-speed data transfer ability, can satisfy people's demand growing stream media information.According to International Telecommunication Union's definition, 3G network should possess the data movement capacity of 144kbit/s at least, and the transmission technology of concrete utilization can realize transmitting from the speed of 384kbit/s～2Mbit/s even the data of higher rate at present.Continuous extension and the development of up-to-date wireless communication protocol and succeeding in developing of advanced 3G communication equipment along with 3G network; Wireless carriers can provide wideband data to send for the mobile subscriber whenever and wherever possible and receive applied business, and streaming media service wherein then is the new business that occupies critical role that is different from 2G and 2.5G.The mobile flow medium technology then is the core technology of stream media system in the mobile communication, but wireless transmission channel has characteristics such as error rate height, propagation delay time are big, transmission rate instability.
The notable feature of sending the real time flow medium packet through the packet switching network is exactly strict time requirement and packet loss control requirement.Because the real-time of network delay and video flowing has very big influence to the terminal plays quality, video flowing just must be play before the patient time delay playing.Usually,, on packet network, transmit again after video data is compressed, and the video data after the compression seldom can be tolerated the packet loss of data, because will reduce the information of a large amount of initial data in the data that decoder obtains like this for conserve bandwidth.So only if adopt synchronous code, otherwise a large amount of packet losses will cause receiving terminal correctly to decode.Because these misdata bags are very big to the play quality influence; So the subject matter that the error control strategy of real-time video flow transmission faces is exactly to make great efforts the packet that recovery is lost; Thereby reduce influence, and The traditional solution is to adopt ARQ mechanism to video playing quality.
ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) mechanism is automatic repeat requests mechanism again; Its basic principle is that transmitting terminal all carries out serial number to each packet that will send; Receiving terminal whenever receives a packet, just sends the ACK confirmation to transmitting terminal and replys affirmation.If transmitting terminal does not receive recipient's ACK confirmation in official hour; Just think and go wrong in this transmission of data packets; Just retransmit this packet once; Up to receiving recipient ACK confirmation, confirm that this packet has been received proper really reception, just continues to send next packet.But this traditional ARQ mechanism is oversize to the affirmation delay of packet; And do not meet the requirement of mobile flow medium to real-time; And wireless channel itself is very high owing to the error rate, if this ACK response packet itself has been lost, traditional ARQ mechanism does not take a good mechanism to deal with this situation; Moreover; Traditional ARQ mechanism is not controlled packet size in the buffering area of client, can't coordinate the relation of restoring missed package possibility and transmission rate, can not keep higher restoring missed package possibility.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming above-mentioned defective, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of automatic repeat requests mechanism of suitable for mobile stream media application of short time delay.
For reaching the foregoing invention purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: the automatic retransmission request method that this suitable for mobile stream media is used may further comprise the steps:
(1) transmitting terminal adds sequence number and packet is sent to receiving terminal by playing sequence in each packet; (2) receiving terminal receives that according to it interval control between sequence number of packet retransmits; When the repeat requests of the packet of the request retransmission intervening sequence that sends to said transmitting terminal when receiving terminal number was lost, said receiving terminal adopted the control of tree form data structure control method to send said repeat requests once more;
When the repeat requests itself of sending to transmitting terminal when receiving terminal is lost; Receiving terminal adopts the control of tree form data structure control method to send repeat requests once more; Described tree form data structure control method specifically comprises: after (1) receiving terminal retransmits the packet of this intervening sequence number at the request transmitting terminal, the data packet node information of this intervening sequence number is inserted the leaf node of tree form data structure;
(2) packet of the every reception of receiving terminal just travels through once this tree form data structure; And the Counter Value of this each node of tree form data structure subtracted 1; When Counter Value was 0, receiving terminal was that the packet of 0 intervening sequence number sends repeat requests to transmitting terminal once more to this Counter Value; (3) when receiving terminal receives retransmission data packet may, this packet of the re-transmission that receives corresponding leaf node in tree form data structure is deleted; When the counter of said retransmission data packet may becomes time of 0 when surpassing the network round-trip delay from initial value; This data retransmission is wrapped in leaf node deletion corresponding in the tree form data structure, and said counter representes said retransmission data packet may is sent again the time of repeat requests.
Wherein, Described receiving terminal is received according to it that interval control between sequence number of packet retransmits and specifically comprised: when the sequence number that (21) receiving terminal detects its packet that receives had at interval, the retransmission buffer of request transmitting terminal retransmitted the packet of this intervening sequence number; (22) after transmitting terminal receives repeat requests, the packet of said intervening sequence number is stamped the re-transmission mark, send the packet of this intervening sequence number through retransmission buffer to receiving terminal.
Wherein, the data packet node information of said intervening sequence number comprises counter, sequence number, left pointer and right pointer.
Wherein, the data capacity that receiving terminal will receive in the buffering area feeds back to transmitting terminal in real time, and transmitting terminal is according to this data capacity adjustment data transmission rate.
Wherein, before the packet of intervening sequence number arrived receiving terminal, when receiving terminal had been played to the packet of this intervening sequence number, the packet that receiving terminal will just have been received was inserted in this interval and broadcast.
As seen from the above analysis, the characteristics of this mechanism model are exactly to adopt a kind of method based on the interval to detect when detecting packet loss, and when packet loss took place, the notice transmit leg that this method can be very fast retransmitted, so retransmission delay is very little.And client can the real-time packet size with in the buffering area feed back to transmitting terminal; Thereby make transmitting terminal according to the adjustment of the packet size in rx-side buffering district transmission rate; Make in the buffering area of receiving terminal packet size maintain a suitable level and be unlikely to overflow, so just increased possibility restoring missed package.In addition; This mechanism adopts the data structure of tree type to control re-transmission; This control method is used for sending repeat requests once more after repeat requests itself is lost to saving rare timer resource in the embedded system, is fit to the embedded device of this resource-constrained of portable terminal.And before retransmission packet arrives the reception buffering area; When the broadcast of receiving terminal has arrived the sequence of retransmission packet, in Fig. 3, before data retransmission wraps in arrival reception buffering area; It number is 3 packet that receiving terminal has been played to play sequence; The compensating mode that the present invention adopts is exactly directly to be inserted into this interval to the packet of just having received, though this method possibly produce the influence that can perceive to flashy video quality, continuous videos stream can help to improve mistake and recover efficient; Thereby improve the transmission quality of video flowing, guarantee the continuity of video flowing.
Description of drawings
The machine-processed sketch map of automatic repeat requests that Fig. 1 uses for suitable for mobile stream media of the present invention;
The machine-processed tree data structure sketch map of automatic repeat requests that Fig. 2 uses for suitable for mobile stream media of the present invention;
The machine-processed tree data structure node sketch map of automatic repeat requests that Fig. 3 uses for suitable for mobile stream media of the present invention;
The QoS control block diagram of the mobile flow medium that the automatic repeat requests that Fig. 4 uses for suitable for mobile stream media of the present invention is machine-processed.
Embodiment
For this QoS control strategy end to end, we are divided into three phases discussion with transmitting terminal to the whole process of receiving terminal.At first be the cataloged procedure of source of media data, adopt improved PFGS (progressive fine granular scalable) encryption algorithm to adapt to the fluctuation situation of wireless signal-path band width, utilizing bandwidth to greatest extent, thereby improve the transmission quality of Media Stream in encoder-side.Next is a server end, is responsible for media stream data is sent to client through the hybrid IP network.In order to make media stream data strengthen anti-error code capacity; We are FEC (forward error correction coding) to the media data pith after encoding and lay special stress on protecting; Media data after will encoding then carries out RTP (RTP) packing; Pass to the transmission buffering area; Combine RTCP (RTP Control Protocol) in real time the situation of change of network to be fed back to the QoS control module simultaneously, the QoS control module carries out the data of receiving to send to the rate controlled module behind the finishing analysis, through adjust the stream rate of output to module.At last at receiving terminal; The terminal use fetches data from receive buffering area on one side, unpacks, and plays; On the net packet is temporary in from hybrid IP on one side and receives the buffering area; And simultaneously reception condition is fed back to transmitting terminal, if packet is lost, we adopt improved ARQ mechanism to retransmit this bag.
Because it is high that mobile flow medium requires real-time; Video flowing is very sensitive to postponing; If packet has been lost in transmission course, that receiving terminal will feed back to transmitting terminal, thereby retransmit this packet through retransmission buffer; The automatic repeat requests mechanism that suitable for mobile stream media of the present invention is used adopts a kind of method based on the interval to detect losing of packet, to reduce retransmission delay.Each packet packet header that transmitting terminal sends all comprises a sequence number indicating the play sequence of this packet, so between the sequence of the packet that arrives and sequence that hope obtains, have at interval, we just make at once and judge and think that data-bag lost has been arranged.When having at interval between the sequence number of two continuous packets receiving; Receiving terminal notice retransmission buffer retransmits this packet; After transmit leg received repeat requests, the packet that just retransmits needs was stamped the re-transmission mark, and at network RTD (round trip delay: round-trip delay) in the allowed band; Send packet through retransmission buffer to receiving terminal, till receiving terminal is received.Such as, as shown in Figure 1, at receiving terminal; After we had received that sequence number is 2 packet, we hope to obtain sequence number was 3 packet, but actual what receive is that sequence number is 4 packet; That just recognizes sequence number has been 3 data-bag lost; We are just at once to the transmit Sequence Number repeat requests (NAK3) of 3 packet of retransmission buffer, and notice transmit leg sequence number is that 3 packet has been lost and request retransmission, and it is that 3 packet is stamped the re-transmission mark that transmit leg is just received behind the NAK3 sequence number; Be added in the retransmission buffer; Send this packet to receiving terminal then, receiving terminal receives behind this retransmission packet just to transmitting terminal transmission confirmation, and it is that 3 packet is deleted from retransmission buffer that transmitting terminal just receives after this retransmission packet confirmation re-transmission sequence number.If whole process has surpassed the RTD allowed band of network, this packet also will be lost so.Owing to adopt based on testing process in the method for detection data-bag lost simple at interval; Whether only need to detect sequence number has at interval; Realize the fast detecting data-bag lost; Can reduce to postpone, make to satisfy the requirement of mobile flow medium time of delay, can satisfy of the requirement of mobile flow medium technology time delay.
If itself has lost repeat requests again, generally need be provided with timer and detect this time, confirms time of resending, do not receive that in repeat requests is sent the back certain hour confirmation just sends repeat requests once more.But timer is a system resource, and in embedded system, this is a scarce resource, and it can not be arranged on receiving terminal, comes effectively to replace timer so we propose a kind of tree form data structure, repeatedly retransmits the request of transmission thereby realize sending.It is as shown in Figure 2 that the multiple biography of tree form data structure is sent request.In the tree structure of Fig. 2, if client has detected data-bag lost, leaf node of insertion in this structure just, thus the node that will retransmit just constitutes a binary tree.As shown in Figure 3; Each node on this binary tree all comprises following several; Counter (counter), sequence number, left pointer, right pointer, wherein counter is the time that expression is sent repeat requests again to this retransmission data packet may of losing, sequence number is represented the play sequence number of this packet; Point to the left child of binary tree on the pointer of a left side, the right child of right pointed binary tree.When new data packets of every reception just traversal once this binary tree once, the counter value of each node just subtracts 1, when the counter value is 0, just this lost data packets is sent repeat requests once more.The couter value of node is selected to want rationally in the binary tree, and the various network performance should be worth different, but individual principle is arranged; This value becomes for 0 time from initial value; Must so just can prevent when also not carrying out the secondary re-transmission, just to be deleted less than the RTD value of network because having surpassed the RTD of network.When receiving terminal receives the repeat requests bag, just wrap in the knot removal in the binary tree to this, perhaps surpassed the RTD value of network when this bag, this node that wraps in the binary tree also will be deleted so.The method that this control repeatedly retransmits the request of sending has realized losing the re-transmission once more behind the data retransmission packet loss, and need not use timer, can practice thrift the timer resource of system.
If before data retransmission wraps in arrival rx-side buffering district, when the broadcast of receiving terminal has arrived the sequence of retransmission packet, take measures to fill up this interval; Directly be inserted into this interval to the packet of just having received exactly; In Fig. 4, data retransmission wrap in arrive to receive buffering area before, it number is 3 packet that receiving terminal has been played to play sequence; At this moment be sequence number the position that 4 packet is filled up sequence number 3 just; This method can further help to improve mistake and recover efficient, thereby improves the transmission quality of video flowing, guarantees the continuity of video flowing.
Existing research shows, and is when when carrying out packet loss detection, if the client-cache mileage guarantees that according to wrapping in capacity is high more under the situation that packet do not overflow, maybe performance just big more to the recovery of lost package so.In Fig. 1; The capacity that receives packet in the buffering area is with maybe be owing to the losing of packet, delay etc. change; And as the receiving velocity b of receiving terminal the time greater than playback rate c; The capacity that receives packet in the buffering area also will increase, and to get capacity higher and can not overflow in order to guarantee to receive the buffer data bag, and the present invention feeds back to transmit leg in real time with packet size in the buffering area of receiving terminal; Transmit leg is according to the transmission rate of packet size adjustment transmit leg in the buffering area of this receiving terminal, thereby the presented higher that guarantees packet in recipient's the reception buffering area is held in certain level and is unlikely to overflow and keeps higher restoring missed package possibility.
The automatic repeat requests mechanism that suitable for mobile stream media of the present invention is used is that the part as mobile flow medium QoS control strategy realizes.In practice; The end-to-end QoS control system framework of mobile IP network Streaming Media is as shown in Figure 4, comprises video encoder, UDP/RTP packing, QoS monitoring, FEC (forward error correction coding) and rate controlled, sends several modules such as buffering area, retransmission buffer in video sending end.Wherein, the QoS monitoring comprises parameters such as from the RTCP feedback report, detecting RTT (round-trip transmission time) and loss rate.The rate controlled module is estimated available bandwidth according to parameters such as RTT and Loss Rates, is used to adjust the bit rate output of encoder.The UDP of receiving terminal (User Data Protocol)/RTP parse module generates the receiving terminal feedback information simultaneously, passes transmitting terminal back.Video Decoder has certain error code recovery capability, comprises the buffered to delay variation and packet loss, and the error concealment on time and the spatial domain etc.
Claims (5)
1. the automatic retransmission request method used of a suitable for mobile stream media is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
(1) transmitting terminal adds sequence number and packet is sent to receiving terminal by playing sequence in each packet;
(2) receiving terminal receives that based on it interval control between sequence number of packet retransmits; When the repeat requests of the packet of the request retransmission intervening sequence that sends to said transmitting terminal when receiving terminal number was lost, said receiving terminal adopted the control of tree form data structure control method to send said repeat requests once more;
When the repeat requests itself of sending to transmitting terminal when receiving terminal was lost, receiving terminal adopted the control of tree form data structure control method to send repeat requests once more, and described tree form data structure control method specifically comprises:
(1) after receiving terminal retransmits the packet of this intervening sequence number at the request transmitting terminal, the data packet node information of this intervening sequence number is inserted the leaf node of tree form data structure;
(2) packet of the every reception of receiving terminal just travels through once this tree form data structure; And the Counter Value of this each node of tree form data structure subtracted 1; When Counter Value was 0, receiving terminal was that the packet of 0 intervening sequence number sends repeat requests to transmitting terminal once more to this Counter Value;
(3) when receiving terminal receives retransmission data packet may, this packet of the re-transmission that receives corresponding leaf node in tree form data structure is deleted; When the counter of said retransmission data packet may becomes time of 0 when surpassing the network round-trip delay from initial value; This data retransmission is wrapped in leaf node deletion corresponding in the tree form data structure, and said counter representes said retransmission data packet may is sent again the time of repeat requests.
2. the automatic retransmission request method of using according to the described suitable for mobile stream media of claim 1 is characterized in that: said receiving terminal receives that according to it interval control between sequence number of packet retransmits, and specifically comprises:
When (21) the receiving terminal sequence number that detects its packet that receives had at interval, the retransmission buffer of request transmitting terminal retransmitted the packet of this intervening sequence number;
(22) after transmitting terminal receives repeat requests, the packet of said intervening sequence number is stamped the re-transmission mark, send the packet of this intervening sequence number through retransmission buffer to receiving terminal.
3. the automatic retransmission request method of using according to the described suitable for mobile stream media of claim 1 is characterized in that: the data packet node information of said intervening sequence number comprises counter, sequence number, left pointer and right pointer.
4. the automatic retransmission request method of using according to the described suitable for mobile stream media of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the data capacity that receiving terminal will receive in the buffering area feeds back to transmitting terminal in real time, and transmitting terminal is according to this data capacity adjustment data transmission rate.
5. the automatic retransmission request method of using according to claim 1 or 2 described suitable for mobile stream media; It is characterized in that: before the packet of intervening sequence number arrives receiving terminal; When receiving terminal had been played to the packet of this intervening sequence number, the packet that receiving terminal will just have been received was inserted in this interval and plays.
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| CN101615987B (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2012-11-28 | 北京信威通信技术股份有限公司 | Method and device for reliably transmitting real-time service in wireless communication system |
| CN101588225B (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2013-01-09 | 杭州再灵电子科技有限公司 | Quick retransmission technique based on packet switching network |
| CN101944982B (en) * | 2010-08-11 | 2013-04-10 | 南昌市恒鑫电子技术有限公司 | Real-time stream media transmitting method based on time-driven sliding window protocol |
| CN101938341B (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-12-05 | 东华大学 | Cross-node controlled online video stream selective retransmission method |
| CN102655449A (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-09-05 | 杭州再灵电子科技有限公司 | Communication method of modem |
| CN104184565B (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2018-10-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of method and device of processing retransmission information |
| CN104426866B (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2018-12-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of data transmission method and device |
| KR101516956B1 (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-05-04 | 에스케이텔레콤 주식회사 | Terminal Equipment, method and storage medium for process message |
| WO2015066836A1 (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2015-05-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | Video service data transmission method, data receiving device and data transmitting device |
| CN106416112B (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2019-11-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of method and device of data transmission |
| CN106878191B (en) | 2015-12-14 | 2018-11-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of data transferring method, sending node, receiving node and data communication system |
| CN106330930A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-11 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Secondary retransmission system and method based on streaming media packet loss |
| CN110855402A (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2020-02-28 | 瞬已网络科技（上海）有限公司 | A kind of network real-time video transmission method and device |
| CN106911434B (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2020-10-27 | 广州林邦信息科技有限公司 | Data retransmission prevention method and system |
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| CN107911840A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-04-13 | 青岛海信电器股份有限公司 | The control method and device of streaming media |
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| CN114553622A (en) * | 2022-02-08 | 2022-05-27 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Voice data transmission method and device and voice terminal equipment |
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