CN101170418B - Method, system and interface device for realizing compatibility of Ethernet electrical interface - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for realizing the compatibility of the Ethernet electrical interface, the method comprising: two ends with different types of Ethernet electrical interfaces are connected through a conversion joint; the two ends negotiate the working mode before data transmission, and then according to Negotiated working mode for data transmission. In addition, the invention also provides a system and interface equipment for realizing the compatibility of the electrical interface of the Ethernet. The invention can realize compatibility and intercommunication among 1000M, 10G and 40G/100G Ethernet electrical interfaces.

Description

Method, system and interface device for realizing compatibility of Ethernet electrical interface

technical field

The invention relates to the Ethernet technology, in particular to a method, a system and an interface device for realizing compatibility of an Ethernet electrical interface.

Background technique

The Ethernet standard is currently the communication standard with the highest market share. In recent years, with the improvement of bandwidth requirements and the enhancement of device capabilities, 1000M and 10G Ethernet standards have appeared one after another. According to the demand, the IEEE 802.3HSSG high-speed research group also decided to develop the next-generation Ethernet standard of two speeds of 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s this year.

With the advancement of technology and the promotion of products, and the absolute advantage of the 40G/100G Ethernet standard in terms of speed, a large number of 40G/100G electrical interface devices will inevitably appear in droves. However, in view of the fact that in the current existing networking, most of the 1000M and 10G electrical interface devices have been put into use. Therefore, after the emergence of new 40G/100G electrical interface devices, one of the most important problems will be, How to realize the compatibility and intercommunication between the emerging 40G/100G electrical interface equipment and the 1000M and 10G electrical interface equipment that have been put into use. If the compatibility and intercommunication between 1000M, 10G and 40G/100G electrical interface devices cannot be realized, it will not only be detrimental to the promotion and use of 40G/100G products, but also bring certain restrictions on networking applications.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, system and interface device for realizing compatibility of Ethernet electrical interfaces, so as to realize compatibility and intercommunication among 1000M, 10G and 40G/100G Ethernet electrical interfaces.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

A method for realizing the compatibility of an Ethernet electrical interface, the method comprising: two ends with different types of Ethernet electrical interfaces are connected through a conversion joint; the two ends negotiate the working mode before data transmission, and then according to the negotiated work Mode for data transmission, the negotiation includes: any one of the two ends detects the number of effective line pairs between the two ends, and modifies the working mode information supported by the end according to the detected number of effective line pairs , so that the modified working mode information of the local end adapts to the number of effective line pairs. After that, the modified working mode information is sent to the peer end, and the working mode information transmitted by the peer end is received, and then modified according to the local end. Based on the working mode information sent by the other end and from the opposite end, an optimal working mode supported by both parties is selected as the negotiated working mode.

The conversion joints include RJ-45/CX4 conversion joints, 40-PIN/RJ-45 conversion joints and 40-PIN/CX4 conversion joints, wherein the RJ-45/CX4 conversion joints are used to perform RJ-45 connectors and CX4 Conversion between connectors, 40-PIN/RJ-45 conversion joint is used to perform conversion between 40-PIN connector and RJ-45 connector, 40-PIN/CX4 conversion joint is used to perform 40-PIN connector Conversion between and CX4 connector.

The 40-PIN connector supports 4x, 5x and 10x cables.

The process of detecting the number of effective line pairs includes:

When starting the negotiation, either of the two ends sends FLP on each wire pair;

The end that detects the FLP determines that the line pair that detects the FLP is a valid line pair, and counts the number of detected valid line pairs.

The method further includes: setting one of the two ends as the master end and the other end as the slave end; after negotiating the working mode, the master end determines the line sequence of each effective line pair, and sends the determined effective line pair line sequence Send it to the slave, and the slave will adjust the line sequence according to the effective line sent by the master.

The negotiation process is realized through the self-negotiation function, and the negotiation also includes: adding a new message flag in the message field of the message page, which is used to indicate that the Ethernet electrical interface will use the non-formatted page behind the message page for technical capacity negotiation;

The sending the modified working mode information to the opposite end includes: carrying the modified working mode information in the first unformatted page after the message page using the new message flag and sending it to the opposite end;

The sending the effective line-to-wire sequence to the slave terminal includes: sending the second unformatted page after the message page using the new message flag carrying the effective line-to-line sequence information to the slave end.

A system for implementing Ethernet electrical interface compatibility, comprising: a first interface device and a second interface device having different types of Ethernet electrical interfaces, wherein the first interface device and the second interface device are connected through a conversion joint, and the first The interface device and the second interface device negotiate the working mode before the data transmission, and then perform data transmission according to the negotiated working mode; the negotiation includes: the first interface device and the second interface device are on each line pair The first/second interface device determines that the line pair that detects the FLP is a valid line pair, and modifies the working mode information supported by the local end according to the number of detected valid line pairs, so that the modified local end The working mode information is adapted to the number of effective line pairs, and the modified working mode information is sent to the second/first interface device; after the second/first interface device receives the working mode information sent by the opposite end, according to The modified working mode information of the local end and the working mode information sent by the opposite end select an optimal working mode supported by both parties as the negotiated working mode.

The first or second interface device is further used to determine the effective line-to-line sequence, and send the determined effective line-to-line sequence to the second or first interface device, and the second or first interface device Line-to-line sequence adjustment.

The conversion joints include RJ-45/CX4 conversion joints, 40-PIN/RJ-45 conversion joints and 40-PIN/CX4 conversion joints, wherein the RJ-45/CX4 conversion joints are used to perform RJ-45 connectors and CX4 Conversion between connectors, 40-PIN/RJ-45 conversion joint is used to perform conversion between 40-PIN connector and RJ-45 connector, 40-PIN/CX4 conversion joint is used to perform 40-PIN connector Conversion between and CX4 connector.

An interface device, including: a negotiation unit and a data transmission unit, wherein,

The negotiation unit is used to negotiate the working mode of the opposite interface device connected to the interface device, and send the negotiated working mode information to the data transmission unit; wherein the negotiation unit includes a detection unit and a selection unit,

The detection unit is configured to detect the fast connection pulse FLP sent by the opposite interface device on all the wire pairs connected to the interface device, determine the detected FLP wire pair as a valid wire pair, and detect the FLP pulse FLP. The number of effective line pairs is sent to the selection unit;

The selection unit is configured to modify the working mode information supported by the interface device according to the number of valid line pairs sent by the detection unit, so that the modified working mode information is adapted to the number of valid line pairs, and then the modified Send the updated working mode information to the peer interface device, and select an optimal working mode supported by both parties as a negotiation according to the modified working mode information and the working mode information sent by the peer interface device The working mode determined, and the negotiated working mode information is sent to the data transmission unit;

The data transmission unit is configured to perform data transmission with the peer interface device according to the working mode corresponding to the working mode information sent by the selecting unit.

The negotiation unit is further used to determine the line sequence of each effective line pair after negotiating the working mode, and send the determined effective line pair line sequence to the opposite interface device; or, according to the information sent by the opposite interface device Line sequence adjustment for valid line pairs.

It can be seen that the present invention realizes the connection of various types of Ethernet electrical interfaces such as 1000M, 10G and 40G/100G by designing a suitable conversion joint, and after the connection, the two ends that need to perform data transmission need to be connected before data transmission. Negotiate the working mode and negotiate a working mode supported by both parties. Since the negotiated working mode is the working mode supported by both communication parties, according to this working mode, the communication parties can carry out normal data transmission process, thus realizing the compatibility and compatibility between 1000M, 10G and 40G/100G Ethernet electrical interfaces. intercommunication.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is an exemplary flowchart of auto-negotiation at both ends of a link in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of a system for implementing Ethernet electrical interface compatibility in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary interface device in the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Before introducing the present invention in detail, first introduce the connector forms of the 1000M and 10G electrical interfaces currently used. Among them, the 1000M electrical interface generally uses the RJ-45 connector; the connector form of the 10G electrical interface is divided into two types, 10GBASE-CX4 uses the CX4 connector formulated by the Infiniband Trade Association, and 10GBASE-T uses the same RJ- 45 connectors.

As for the 40G/100G electrical interface, after feasibility analysis, there are many different implementation methods. For example, the 40G Ethernet electrical interface can adopt the 4x10 implementation method, and the 100G electrical interface has three different implementation methods: 10x 10, 5x20, and 4x25. The implementation manner, wherein, the number before x indicates the number of channels, and the number after x indicates the data transmission rate of each channel. In different implementation methods, the corresponding cable types are also different. For example, the 4x cables corresponding to the 4x25 and 4x10 methods are composed of 8 pairs of wires, a total of 16; the 5x cables corresponding to the 5x20 method are composed of 10 pairs of wires, a total of 20; 10x10 The corresponding 10x cable consists of 20 pairs of wires, 40 in total.

According to the above characteristics, here we can first standardize the form of the 40G/100G electrical interface, so that different types of cables can use the same electrical interface. Since among the 4x, 5x, and 10x cables, the largest number of wires is 40, therefore, the physical layer (PHY) chip can be configured to use a 40-PIN electrical interface with at least 40 pins (40-PIN), The electrical interface can support various types of cables, such as 4x cables, 5x cables, and 10x cables.

In summary, for the three different Ethernet standards of 1000M, 10G, and 40G/100G, three different connectors are involved: RJ-45 connectors for 1000M and 10GBASE-T, CX4 connectors for 10GBASE-CX4, 40G/ 100G 40-PIN connector.

In order to realize the compatibility and intercommunication of various types of Ethernet electrical interfaces, the basic idea of the present invention is to design suitable conversion joints for various types of electrical interfaces, and realize the connection of various types of electrical interfaces through the conversion joints; Moreover, since the technical capabilities (such as transmission rates) supported by various types of electrical interfaces are different, after realizing the connection of different types of electrical interfaces through conversion joints, for the two ends that need to transmit data, they must be connected first before data transmission. It is necessary to negotiate the working mode, and then perform data transmission according to the successfully negotiated working mode.

In view of the fact that 1000M, 10G, 40G/100G electrical interfaces have three different connector forms: RJ-45 connector, CX4 connector and 40-PIN connector, therefore, three types of conversion connectors need to be designed here: RJ-45 /CX4, 40-PIN/CX4, 40-PIN/RJ-45. Among them, the RJ-45/CX4 conversion joint is used to perform the conversion between the RJ-45 connector and the CX4 connector; the 40-PIN/CX4 conversion joint is used to perform the conversion between the 40-PIN connector and the CX4 connector; The 40-PIN/RJ-45 connector is used to perform conversion between the 40-PIN connector and the RJ-45 connector.

As for the specific implementation of the adapter, it will not be described in detail here, and only a simple example will be used for illustration. For example, assume that the electrical interface of device A supporting 40G/100G transmission capacity adopts the form of 40-PIN connector, and the electrical interface of device B supporting 10G transmission capacity adopts the form of RJ-45 connector. When performing data transmission, since the electrical interface of A equipment in the form of a 40-PIN connector supports 4x, 5x, and 10x cables of various types, the electrical interface of A equipment can be directly connected to a 4x cable, but the RJ-45 connector is used However, the electrical interface of the B equipment in the form cannot be directly connected to the 4x cable. At this time, the 40-PIN/RJ-45 conversion connector provided by the present invention comes in handy, and the B device can be connected to the 4x cable through the 40-PIN/RJ-45 conversion connector. Since the 4x cable has a total of 8 wire pairs or 16 wires, while the ordinary RJ-45 connector has only 8 wires, in the actual implementation, for the direction from A device to B device, the 40-PIN/RJ-45 conversion connector Just select 8 of the 16 wires of the 4x cable to output to the electrical interface of the B device; on the contrary, for the direction from the B device to the A device, the 40-PIN/RJ-45 conversion connector performs the opposite operation, only through the 4x cable 8 wires for data transmission. That is to say, the conversion joint actually performs the mapping operation of signal lines between different types of connectors.

Since various types of electrical interfaces support different technical capabilities, after connecting different types of electrical interfaces through conversion connectors, both ends of the link need to negotiate the working mode before data transmission. Wherein, the negotiation process can be realized by means of an auto-negotiation function. The auto-negotiation function is formulated to solve the compatibility problem between high-speed Ethernet equipment and low-speed Ethernet equipment. It is completely implemented by the design of the physical layer chip, does not use dedicated data packets, and does not bring any high-level protocol overhead. The content of auto-negotiation Including operating speed, duplex mode and flow control, etc. The auto-negotiation function allows a network device to transmit its supported working mode information to the peer network device, and accept the corresponding information passed by the peer, and then select a mode that both sides support and support according to the working mode information supported by itself and the peer. The optimal working mode runs; if the devices at both ends do not have the same working mode, the negotiation fails and the devices at both ends cannot communicate.

In addition, in order to ensure that the final working mode selected by both ends of the link can be supported by the transmission link between the two ends, before determining the working mode, both ends of the link first need to modify their own support according to the characteristics of the transmission link between the two ends. The modified working mode information is adapted to the transmission link, and then both ends of the link negotiate the working mode according to the modified working mode information, and finally negotiate a working mode supported by both parties for communication.

Fig. 1 shows an exemplary flow chart of self-negotiation at both ends of the link in the present invention. Referring to Fig. 1, the self-negotiation process includes the following steps:

Step 101: When starting the negotiation, any of the two ends of the link must send a fast connection pulse (FLP) on each line pair at the same time, and determine that one end is the master and the other end is the slave. .

As for the settings of the master end and the slave end, fixed configurations can be performed on both ends in advance, or they can be determined through self-negotiation during the self-negotiation process.

Step 102: The link end that detects FLP determines that the wire pair that detects FLP is an effective wire pair, and modifies the working mode information supported by the local end according to the number of detected valid wire pairs, so that the modified working mode information of the local end Adapt to the number of effective line pairs, and then send the modified working mode information to the opposite end.

Step 103: The link end that has received the working mode information sent by the opposite end selects an optimal working mode supported by both parties according to the modified local end and the working mode information sent by the opposite end.

Of course, if there is no working mode supported by both parties, the negotiation fails, and data transmission cannot be performed at both ends of the link. The following steps 104-105 are mainly described for the case where there is a working mode supported by both parties, that is, the negotiation is successful.

It should be noted that steps 102 and 103 must be performed at any one of the two ends of the link.

Step 104: After the working mode is determined, both ends of the link perform relevant configurations according to the negotiated working mode, and the master end also determines the line sequence of each effective line pair, and sends the determined effective line pair line sequence information to the slave terminal, and the slave terminal adjusts the line sequence according to the received line sequence information.

The reason for line sequence adjustment here is that the content transmitted on each effective line pair is different during data transmission. If the two ends of the link do not first negotiate the line sequence, the receiving end may recover. Raw data not available.

This wire sequence negotiation solution can well solve some emergencies. For example, when a certain wire pair in the cable fails or a pin is broken on the interface, both ends of the link can negotiate through other normal wire pairs. Data transfer is performed so that the normal data transfer process is not affected.

Step 105: After the two ends of the link complete the correct configuration according to the negotiated working mode and effective line-to-line sequence, normal data transmission starts.

The auto-negotiation process in the present invention will be described in detail below through a specific example.

In the self-negotiation function, in addition to exchanging basic information by sending basic page information, additional information can also be exchanged by sending next page information. The coding of the next page information is divided into message page coding and unformatted page coding. Among them, the message page is used to indicate the message type; the unformatted page is sent after the message page to represent the data information of the message. A message page can be followed by more than one non-formatted page.

Here, a new message flag, such as 500, can be allocated in the message field of the message page to indicate that the Ethernet electrical interface will use the non-formatted page behind the message page to negotiate the technical capabilities of the communicating parties. Moreover, the present invention uses two unformatted pages, one of which is used for negotiating the working mode, and the other is used for negotiating line sequence information. Table 1 shows the content of the first unformatted page, and Table 2 shows the content of the second unformatted page.

In Table 1, U[0] is enabled, that is, the U[0] bit is set to valid (for example, set to 1) to support 40G rate; U[1] is enabled to support 100G rate; U[2] is enabled to indicate Support 4x25 capability; U[3] enable means support 5x20 capability; U[4] enable means support 10x10 capability; U[5] enable means support 10GBASE-T capability; U[6] enable means support 10GBASE-CX4 Capability; U[7:10] are reserved bits. If any one of U[0]~U[6] is disabled, it means that the corresponding technical capability is not supported. In addition, the reason why there is no bit about whether to support 1000M rate in Table 1 is because in the existing 1000M Ethernet protocol, the rate can be carried in the basic page information at the initial stage of auto-negotiation and sent, and one end can Get the rate information of the peer end through the incoming basic page information.

Bit (bit) Name Description (description, explanation) U[0] 40G Support 40G rate U[1] 100G Support 100G rate

Bit (bit) Name Description (description, explanation) U[2] 4lane Support 4x25 capability U[3] 5lane Support 5x20 capability U[4] 10lane Support 10x10 capability U[5] 10GBASE-T Support 10GBASE-T capability U[6] 10GBASE-CX4 Support 10GBASE-CX4 capability U[7:10] Preserved

Table 1

Table 2

After any one of the two ends of the link detects the number of effective line pairs, it modifies the unformatted field in the first unformatted page according to the detected number of effective line pairs, and sends the modified unformatted The page is sent to the opposite end, and finally an optimal working mode supported by both parties is negotiated. For example, assuming that the number of effective line pairs detected by the first end is 4, and this end can support both 1000BASE-T and 10GBASE-T capabilities, then the first end will transfer the The position of U[5] is 1, the other positions are 0, and then the modified first unformatted page is sent to the opposite end, that is, the second end; if the number of valid line pairs detected by the second end is also 4 , and the second end only supports 1000BASE-T, then the second end will set all the bits in the first unformatted page to 0, and then send the modified first unformatted page to the first end; after the first end and the second end receive the first unformatted page sent by the other party, they will In this case, the first end and the second end will use the 1000BASE-T working mode supported by both ends after negotiation. In addition, the end of the master will also specify the line sequence of 4 effective line pairs, complete its own line sequence adjustment according to the specified effective line sequence, and carry the specified effective line sequence information in the second non-formatted The page is sent to the opposite end, and the opposite end completes its own line sequence adjustment according to the received effective line-to-line sequence after receiving it, and returns an acknowledgment to the end that sent the line sequence information. So far, both ends have completed the negotiation process, and after completing the settings according to the negotiation results, normal data transmission begins.

Correspondingly, the invention also provides a system for realizing the compatibility of the Ethernet electrical interface. Fig. 2 shows an exemplary structural diagram of the system, including: a first interface device and a second interface device having different types of Ethernet electrical interfaces, wherein the first interface device and the second interface device are connected through a conversion joint, and The first interface device and the second interface device negotiate a working mode before data transmission, and then perform data transmission according to the negotiated working mode.

Wherein, the first interface device and the second interface device all send FLP on each line pair connected to themselves, and all detect the FLP sent by the opposite end on the line pair, and the interface device (including the first interface) that detects the FLP device and the second interface device) determine that the line pair that detects FLP is an effective line pair, and modify the working mode information supported by the local end according to the detected effective line pair number, so that the modified working mode information of the local end is consistent with the effective line Adapt to the number, and then send the modified working mode information to the peer interface device; the interface device (including the first interface device and the second interface device) that receives the working mode information sent by the peer end modifies the After receiving the working mode information sent by the opposite end, select an optimal working mode supported by both parties as the negotiated working mode.

Wherein, one of the first interface device and the second interface device is the interface device of the master, which is further used to determine the effective line-to-line sequence, and sends the determined effective line-to-line sequence to the other interface device. The interface device of the slave further adjusts the line sequence according to the received valid line-to-line sequence for the interface device of the slave.

The conversion joints include RJ-45/CX4 conversion joints, 40-PIN/RJ-45 conversion joints and 40-PIN/CX4 conversion joints, wherein the RJ-45/CX4 conversion joints are used to perform RJ-45 connectors and CX4 Conversion between connectors, 40-PIN/RJ-45 conversion joint is used to perform conversion between 40-PIN connector and RJ-45 connector, 40-PIN/CX4 conversion joint is used to perform 40-PIN connector Conversion between and CX4 connector.

In addition, the invention also provides an interface device. FIG. 3 shows an exemplary structural diagram of the interface device, including: a negotiation unit and a data transmission unit, wherein the negotiation unit is used to negotiate the working mode of the peer interface device connected to the interface device, and the negotiated The working mode information is sent to the data transmission unit; the data transmission unit is used to perform data transmission with the peer interface device according to the working mode corresponding to the working mode information sent by the negotiating unit.

The negotiation unit includes a detection unit and a selection unit, wherein the detection unit is configured to detect the FLP sent by the opposite interface device on all the wire pairs connected to the interface device, and determine the wire pair that detects the FLP as effective line pairs, and send the detected number of effective line pairs to the selection unit; the selection unit is used to modify the working mode information supported by the interface device according to the number of effective line pairs sent by the detection unit, so that the modified The working mode information is adapted to the number of effective line pairs, and then the modified working mode information is sent to the peer interface device, and according to the modified working mode information and the work sent by the peer interface device The mode information selects an optimal working mode supported by both parties as the negotiated working mode.

The negotiation unit is further used to determine the line sequence of each effective line pair after negotiating the working mode, and send the determined effective line pair line sequence to the opposite interface device; or, according to the information sent by the opposite interface device Line sequence adjustment for valid line pairs.

If the interface device shown in Figure 3 is a master, the negotiation unit is further used to determine the line sequence of each effective line pair after negotiating the working mode, and send the determined effective line pair line sequence to The peer interface device of the slave; if the interface device shown in FIG. 3 is a slave, the negotiating unit further adjusts the line sequence according to the effective line-to-line sequence sent by the peer interface device.

The purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention have been further described in detail above. It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. A method for implementing Ethernet electrical interface compatibility, characterized in that the method comprises: The two ends with different types of Ethernet electrical interfaces are connected through conversion joints; The two ends perform working mode negotiation before data transmission, and then perform data transmission according to the negotiated working mode. The negotiation includes: any one of the two ends detects a valid line pair between the two ends number, modify the working mode information supported by the local end according to the detected number of effective line pairs, so that the modified working mode information of the local end adapts to the number of effective line pairs, and then send the modified working mode information to The opposite end receives the working mode information transmitted by the opposite end, and then selects an optimal working mode supported by both parties as the negotiated working mode according to the modified local end and the working mode information sent by the opposite end. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the conversion joints include RJ-45/CX4 conversion joints, 40-PIN/RJ-45 conversion joints and 40-PIN/CX4 conversion joints, wherein, RJ- The 45/CX4 conversion joint is used to perform the conversion between the RJ-45 connector and the CX4 connector, and the 40-PIN/RJ-45 conversion joint is used to perform the conversion between the 40-PIN connector and the RJ-45 connector. The 40-PIN/CX4 Conversion Header is used to convert between 40-PIN connectors and CX4 connectors. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the 40-PIN connector supports 4x, 5x and 10x cables. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the process of detecting the number of effective line pairs comprises: When starting the negotiation, either of the two ends sends FLP on each wire pair; The end that detects the FLP determines that the line pair that detects the FLP is a valid line pair, and counts the number of detected valid line pairs. 5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the method further comprises: Set one of the two ends as the end, and the other end as the slave end; after negotiating the working mode, the master end determines the line sequence of each effective line pair, and sends the determined effective line pair line sequence to the slave end, The slave end adjusts the line sequence according to the effective line sequence sent by the master end. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the negotiation process is realized through an auto-negotiation function, and the negotiation further includes: adding a new message flag in the message field of the message page to indicate that the Ethernet The interface will use the unformatted page following this message page to negotiate technical capabilities; The sending the modified working mode information to the opposite end includes: carrying the modified working mode information in the first unformatted page after the message page using the new message flag and sending it to the opposite end; The sending the effective line-to-wire sequence to the slave terminal includes: sending the second unformatted page after the message page using the new message flag carrying the effective line-to-line sequence information to the slave end. 7. An Ethernet electrical interface compatibility realization system, characterized in that it includes: a first interface device and a second interface device with different types of Ethernet electrical interfaces, wherein the first interface device and the second interface device pass through the conversion The joints are connected, and the first interface device and the second interface device perform working mode negotiation before data transmission, and then perform data transmission according to the negotiated working mode; the negotiation includes: the first interface device and the second interface device Send fast connection pulse FLP on each line pair, the first/second interface device determines that the line pair that detects FLP is a valid line pair, and modifies the working mode information supported by the local end according to the number of detected valid line pairs. Adapt the modified working mode information of the local end to the number of effective line pairs, and send the modified working mode information to the second/first interface device; the second/first interface device receives the After the working mode information, select an optimal working mode supported by both parties as the negotiated working mode according to the modified working mode information of the local end and the working mode information sent by the opposite end. 8. The system according to claim 7, wherein the first or second interface device is further configured to determine an effective line-to-line sequence, and send the determined effective line-to-line sequence to the second or first In the interface device, the second or first interface device adjusts the line sequence according to the received valid line-to-line sequence. 9. The system according to any one of claims 7 to 8, wherein the conversion joints include RJ-45/CX4 conversion joints, 40-PIN/RJ-45 conversion joints and 40-PIN/CX4 conversion joints , where the RJ-45/CX4 conversion joint is used to convert between the RJ-45 connector and the CX4 connector, and the 40-PIN/RJ-45 conversion joint is used to perform the conversion between the 40-PIN connector and the RJ-45 connector The conversion between the 40-PIN/CX4 conversion connector is used to perform the conversion between the 40-PIN connector and the CX4 connector. 10. An interface device, characterized in that it includes: a negotiation unit and a data transmission unit, wherein, The negotiation unit is used to negotiate the working mode of the peer interface device connected to the interface device, and send the negotiated working mode information to the data transmission unit; wherein the negotiation unit includes a detection unit and a selection unit, The detection unit is configured to detect the fast connection pulse FLP sent by the opposite interface device on all the wire pairs connected to the interface device, determine the detected FLP wire pair as a valid wire pair, and detect the FLP pulse FLP. The number of effective line pairs is sent to the selection unit; The selection unit is configured to modify the working mode information supported by the interface device according to the number of valid line pairs sent by the detection unit, so that the modified working mode information is adapted to the number of valid line pairs, and then the modified Send the updated working mode information to the peer interface device, and select an optimal working mode supported by both parties as a negotiation according to the modified working mode information and the working mode information sent by the peer interface device out of the working mode; The data transmission unit is configured to perform data transmission with the peer interface device according to the working mode corresponding to the working mode information sent by the selecting unit. 11. The device according to claim 10, wherein the negotiation unit is further configured to determine the line sequence of each valid line pair after negotiating the working mode, and send the determined effective line pair line sequence to The peer interface device; or, adjust the line sequence according to the effective line-to-line sequence sent by the peer interface device.

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