CN101141960A - 使用4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮的方法和组合物 - Google Patents
使用4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮的方法和组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及外消旋的和立体异构体纯的4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮和其前药、盐和溶剂化物。公开了外消旋的和立体异构体纯的4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮和其前药、盐和溶剂化物的合成、使用方法和药物组合物。
Description
本申请要求在2005年1月25日提交的美国临时申请号60/646,505的优先权,在此引入其全部内容作为参考。
1.发明领域
本发明涉及使用4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮和其立体异构体及前药治疗、预防和/或控制各种疾病和病症的方法。本发明还涉及含有它们的药物组合物。
2.发明背景
2.1癌症和其它疾病的病理学
癌症的主要特点在于来源于特定正常组织的异常细胞数量上的增长、这些异常细胞对临近组织的侵入、或恶性细胞通过淋巴或血液向局部淋巴结和远处部位的扩散(转移)。临床数据和分子生物学研究指出癌症是多阶段过程,这个过程开始于微小的肿瘤前变化,这些变化在某些情况下可能发展为肿瘤。肿瘤损伤可能克隆性地发展并形成增加的侵入、生长、转移和异质性的能力,尤其是在肿瘤细胞脱离宿主免疫监视的情况下。Roitt,I.,Brostoff,J and Kale,D.,Immunology,17.1-17.12(第三版,Mosby,St.Louis,Mo.,1993)。
在医学文献中详细描述了很多种类的癌症。实例包括肺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、前列腺癌、乳癌、脑癌和肠癌。随着总体人口的老龄化,随着新癌症的出现、以及随着易感人群(例如感染AIDS的人或过度暴露于日照的人)的增加,癌症发病率持续攀升。因此极为需要能够用于治疗患有癌症的患者的新方法和组合物。
许多类型的癌症和新血管的形成(被称作血管生成过程)有关。已经阐明了在肿瘤诱导的血管生成中涉及的几种机制。这些机制中最直接的机制是肿瘤细胞分泌具有血管生成特性的细胞因子。这些细胞因子的实例包括酸性和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(a,b-FGF)、血管生成素、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和TNF-α。或者,通过蛋白酶的产生以及随后的细胞外基质的分解(细胞外基质是某些细胞因子(如b-FGF)储存的地方)肿瘤细胞能够释放血管生成肽。通过炎症性细胞(特别是巨噬细胞)的聚集及其随后的血管生成性细胞因子(例如TNF-α、b-FGF)的释放能够间接诱导血管生成。
各种其它疾病和病症也与不希望的血管生成相关或特点是不希望的血管生成。例如,增强或不受调控的血管生成意味着很多疾病和医学病症,其包括但不限于眼部新生血管疾病、脉络膜新生血管疾病、视网膜新生血管疾病、虹膜发红(房角新生血管)、病毒性疾病、遗传疾病、炎症性疾病、过敏性疾病和自身免疫疾病。这样的疾病和病症的实例包括但不限于糖尿病视网膜病、早熟性视网膜病、角膜移植排斥、新生血管性青光眼、晶体后纤维增生症和增生性玻璃体视网膜病变。
因此,能够控制血管生成或抑制某些细胞因子包括TNF-α产生的化合物可用于治疗和预防不同疾病和病症。
2.2治疗癌症的方法
当前癌症的治疗可能包括根除患者体中的肿瘤细胞的手术、化疗、激素治疗和/或放疗(例如参见,Stockdale,1998,MediCine,第3卷,Rubenstein和Federman,编辑,第12章,第IV部分)。最近,癌症的治疗还可能包括生物治疗或免疫治疗。所有这些方法对于患者都有很多缺陷。例如由于患者的健康原因手术可能不适当或不被患者所接受。另外,手术可能无法彻底去除肿瘤组织。只有当肿瘤组织比正常组织对放射表现出更高的敏感性时,放疗才有效。放疗可能还经常引起严重的副作用。激素治疗很少作为单一治疗性制剂给予。虽然激素治疗可能有效,但是经常在其它治疗去除大部分肿瘤细胞后将其用于防止或延迟肿瘤的复发。生物治疗和免疫治疗在数量上有限而且可能产生副作用例如皮疹或肿胀、流行性感冒样症状(包括发烧、寒战和疲劳),消化道问题或过敏反应。
至于化疗,有许多种的化疗剂可用于治疗癌症。大部分癌症化疗直接或间接通过抑制三磷酸脱氧核糖核苷酸前体的生物合成来抑制DNA合成,以防止DNA复制及并发的细胞分裂。Gilman等人,Goodman andGilman’s :The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,第10版.(McGrawHill,New York)。
尽管可得到许多化疗剂,但是化疗有很多缺点。Stockdale,Medicine,第3卷,Rubenstein和Federman编辑,第12章第10节,1998。几乎所有化疗剂都是有毒的,而且化疗引起显著的、经常是危险的副作用,包括严重的恶心、骨髓抑制和免疫抑制。另外即使联合使用化疗剂,许多肿瘤对化疗剂仍是耐受的或发展成耐受。实际上,那些对治疗方案中使用的具体化疗剂耐受的细胞经常证明对其它药物也是耐受的,即使这些治疗性制剂以和在具体治疗中使用的那些治疗性制剂不同的机制起作用。这个现象被称为多重耐药性或多药耐受性。由于药物的耐受性,许多癌症都被证实对于标准的化疗方案而言是难于治愈的。
其它与不希望的血管生成相关的或其特点是不希望的血管生成的疾病或病症也是难于治疗的。但是已提出某些化合物例如鱼精蛋白、hepain和甾族化合物对于某些具体疾病治疗是有益的。Taylor等人,Natute 297:307(1982);Folkman等人,Science 221:719(1983);以及美国专利5,001,116和4,994,443。
但是,仍然极为需要安全和有效的治疗、预防和控制癌症以及其它疾病和病症,特别是标准治疗例如手术、放疗、化疗和激素治疗难于治愈的疾病的方法,同时减少或避免与常规治疗有关的毒性和/或副作用。
3.发明概述
本发明部分地涉及化合物4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮和其立体异构体和前药。
本发明还包括治疗和控制各种疾病或病症的方法。所述方法包括给予需要这种治疗或控制的患者治疗有效量的4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、水合物、立体异构体、包合物或前药。在具体实施方案中,4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮是立体异构体纯的(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮、立体异构体纯的(3S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其混合物。
本发明还包括预防各种疾病和病症的方法,所述方法包括给予需要这种预防的患者预防有效量的4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、水合物、立体异构体、包合物或前药。在具体实施方案中,4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮是立体异构体纯的(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮、立体异构体纯的(3_S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其混合物。
本发明还包括含有4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、水合物、立体异构体、包合物或前药的药物组合物、单一单位剂型、给药剂量方案和试剂盒。在具体实施方案中,4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮是立体异构体纯的(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮、立体异构体纯的(3S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其混合物。
4.发明详述
在一个实施方案中,本发明包括4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮和其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体和前药。在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括立体异构体纯的(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮和其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物和前药。在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括立体异构体纯的(3S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮和其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物和前药。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括治疗、控制和预防各种疾病和病症的方法,所述方法包括给予需要这种治疗或预防的患者治疗或预防有效量的4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药。在具体实施方案中,4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮是立体异构体纯的(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮、立体异构体纯的(3S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其混合物。在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括治疗、控制和预防各种疾病和病症的方法,所述方法包括给予需要这种治疗或预防的患者治疗或预防有效量的4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮的前药或该前药的药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。疾病和病症的例子如下所述。
在具体实施方案中,4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药与另一种药物(“第二活性制剂”)或治疗联合施用。第二活性制剂包括小分子和大分子(如蛋白和抗体),本文中提供了它们的实例,以及干细胞。可与4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮联合施用的方法或治疗包括但不限于:手术、输血、免疫治疗、生物治疗、放疗,以及其它目前用于治疗、预防或控制所述各种病症的非基于药物治疗。
本发明还包括可在本文公开的方法中使用的药物组合物(例如,单一单位剂型)。具体的药物组合物包含4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药以及任选的第二活性制剂。
4.1化合物
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及具有以下结构的4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮:
或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药。
在具体实施方案中,本发明涉及(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮:
或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或前药。
在另一个具体实施方案中,本发明涉及(3S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮:
或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或前药。
4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮和其立体异构体可以根据本文所述方法以及其它标准的有机化学合成技术制备。本发明的化合物包括外消旋的、立体异构体富集的或立体异构体纯的4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮和其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体、包合物和前药。
例如,可以根据以下通用步骤制备4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮的立体异构体:
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及外消旋的或立体异构体纯的4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮的前药,或该前药的药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。在具体实施方案中,所述前药是具有以下结构的2-氨基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺:
在另一个实施方案中,所述前药是(3S)-2-氨基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺:
本发明的前药可以根据本文所述方法以及其它标准有机化学合成技术制备。
当在本文使用时,除非另外指明,术语“药学上可接受的盐”指用药学上可接受的无毒酸制备的盐,包括无机酸和有机酸。适合的无毒酸包括无机酸和有机酸,例如但不限于乙酸、褐藻酸、氨茴酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、樟脑磺酸、柠檬酸、乙烯磺酸、甲酸、富马酸、糠酸、葡糖酸、谷氨酸、glucorenic、半乳糖醛酸、缩水甘油酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、羟乙基磺酸、乳酸、马来酸、苹果酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、粘酸、硝酸、棕榈酸、泛酸、苯基乙酸、丙酸、磷酸、水杨酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸、对氨基苯磺酸、硫酸、酒石酸、对甲苯磺酸等。适合的是盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸和硫酸。
当在本文中使用时,除非另有说明,术语“溶剂化物”指本发明的化合物或其盐,还包括化学计量量或非化学计量量的通过非共价分子间力结合的溶剂。当溶剂是水时,溶剂化物是水合物。
当在本文中使用时,除非另有说明,术语“前药”指的是可以在生物学条件(体外或体内)下进行水解、氧化或其它反应从而提供化合物的该化合物的衍生物。前药的实例包括但不限于包含可生物水解的部分如可生物水解的酰胺、可生物水解的酯、可生物水解的氨基甲酸酯、可生物水解的碳酸酯、可生物水解的酰脲和可生物水解的磷酸酯类似物的化合物。前药的其它实例包括包含-NO、-NO2、-ONO或-ONO2部分的化合物。前药一般可以用众所周知的方法来进行制备,例如在Burger’s MedicinalChemistry and Drug Discovery,172-178,949-982(Manfred E.Wolff ed.,第5版,1995)和Design of Prodrugs(H.Bundgaafd ed.,Elselvier,New York1985)中描述的方法。
当在本文中使用时,除非另有说明,术语“可生物水解的氨基甲酸酯”、“可生物水解的碳酸酯”、“可生物水解的酰脲”和“可生物水解的磷酸酯”是指具有以下性质的化合物的氨基甲酸酯、碳酸酯、酰脲或磷酸酯:1)不干扰化合物的生物活性,但是在体内可赋予化合物有利的性质,例如摄取、作用持续时间或作用开始;或2)没有生物活性,但是在体内转化成生物活性化合物。可生物水解的氨基甲酸酯的实例包括但不限于低级烷基胺、取代的乙二胺、氨基酸、羟烷基胺、杂环和杂芳族胺以及聚醚胺。
当在本文中使用时,除非另有说明,术语“立体异构体”包括所有对映异构体/立体异构体纯的和对映异构体/立体异构体富集的本发明化合物。
当在本文中使用时,除非另外指明,术语”立体异构体纯”指含有化合物的一种立体异构体并且基本上不含有该化合物的其它立体异构体的组合物。例如,具有一个手性中心的化合物立体异构体纯的组合物基本上不合有该化合物相对的对映异构体。具有两个手性中心的化合物的立体异构体纯的组合物基本上不含该化合物其它的非对映异构体。典型的立体异构体纯的化合物包括大于约80%重量的该化合物的一种立体异构体和少于约20%重量的该化合物的其它立体异构体,更优选大于约90%重量的该化合物的一种立体异构体和少于约10%重量的该化合物的其它立体异构体,更优选大于约95%重量的该化合物的一种立体异构体和少于约5%重量的该化合物的其它立体异构体,最优选大于约97%重量的该化合物的一种立体异构体和少于约3%重量的该化合物的其它立体异构体。
当在本文中使用时,除非另外指明,术语“立体异构体富集”指含有大于约55%重量的化合物的一种立体异构体、大于约60%重量的化合物的一种立体异构体的组合物,优选大于约70%重量、更优选大于约80%重量的化合物的一种立体异构体。
当在本文中使用时,除非另外指明,术语“对映异构体纯”指具有一个手性中心的化合物的立体异构体纯的组合物。相似地,术语“对映异构体富集”指具有一个手性中心的化合物立体异构体富集的组合物。
应当注意,如果在所述结构与所给出的该结构的名称之间有差异,则所述的结构应该具有更高的权重。此外,如果没有用例如粗线或虚线指出结构或结构一部分的立体化学,则应当理解为该结构或结构的一部分包括其所有立体异构体。
4.2治疗、预防和控制方法
本发明包括使用4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药治疗、预防和/或控制各种疾病或病症的方法。本发明中,术语4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮的“前药”包括外消旋的、立体异构体纯的和立体异构体富集的4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮的前药。疾病或病症的例子包括但不限于癌症、与血管生成相关的病症、包括复合性区域疼痛综合征(“CRPS”)在内的疼痛、黄斑变性(“MD”)和相关综合征、皮肤疾病、肺部病症、石棉相关的病症、寄生性疾病、免疫缺陷病症、CNS病症、CNS损伤、动脉硬化症和相关病症、睡眠不良和相关病症、血红蛋白病和相关病症(例如,贫血病)、TNFα相关病症以及其它各种疾病和病症。
当在本文中使用时,除非另有说明,术语“治疗”指根除或改善疾病或病症、或与疾病或病症相关的一种或多种症状。在某些实施方案中,该术语指使因为给予患有这种疾病或病症的受试者一种或多种预防性制剂或治疗性制剂而使疾病或病症的扩散或恶化最小化。
当在本文中使用时,除非另有说明,术语“预防”指预防疾病或病症或其一种或多种症状的发作、复发或扩散。
当在本文中使用时,除非另外指明,术语“控制”指预防或减慢疾病或病症或其一种或多种症状的发展、扩散或恶化。通常,受试者由预防性制剂或治疗性制剂带来的有益效果不能导致疾病或病症的治愈。
当在本文中使用时,除非另有说明,化合物的“治疗有效量”是在疾病或病症的治疗或控制中足以提供治疗益处,或足以延迟或最小化与疾病或病症相关的一种或多种症状的量。治疗有效量的化合物指单独或与其它治疗联合施用的治疗性制剂的量,该量在疾病或病症的治疗或控制中提供治疗益处。术语“治疗有效量”可以包括改进整个治疗、降低或避免疾病或病症的症状或病因的量,或增强另一种治疗性制剂的治疗功效的量。
当在本文中使用时,除非另有说明,化合物的“预防有效量”是足以防止疾病或病症发生或防止其复发的量。预防有效量的化合物指单独或与其它试剂联合施用的治疗性制剂的量,该量在疾病的预防中提供预防益处。术语“预防有效量”可以包括改进整个预防或增强另一种预防性制剂的预防功效的量。
癌症和癌前病变的例子包括但不限于Muller等人的美国专利6,281,230和5,635,517、Zeldis的各美国专利申请,包括2003年4月11提交的10/411,649(Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome);2003年5月15日提交的10/438,213(Treatment of Various Types of Cancer);和2003年4月11日提交的10/411,656(Treatment of Myeloproliferative Diseases)中所述的那些。例子还包括2004年5月5日提交的PCT/US04/14004中所述的那些。在此引入所有这些文献的全部内容作为参考。
癌症的具体例子包括但不限于皮肤癌症,如黑素瘤;淋巴结肿瘤;乳腺癌;宫颈癌;子宫癌;食道癌;肺癌;卵巢癌;前列腺癌;结肠癌;直肠癌;口腔癌;脑癌;头颈癌;咽喉癌;睾丸肿瘤;肾癌;胰腺癌;骨癌;脾癌;肝癌;膀胱癌;喉癌;鼻咽癌;和AIDS-相关的癌症。本发明化合物特别适用于治疗血液和骨髓的癌症,如多发性骨髓瘤、急性和慢性白血病癌,例如,淋巴母细胞性白血病、骨髓性白血病(myelogenous leukemia)、淋巴细胞性白血病和髓细胞性白血病(myelocytic leukemia)。本发明的化合物可用于治疗、预防或控制原发性或转移性肿瘤。
其它具体癌症包括但不限于晚期恶性肿瘤、淀粉样病变、成神经细胞瘤、脑膜瘤、血管外皮细胞瘤、多发性脑转移瘤、多形性成胶质细胞瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、脑干神经胶质瘤、不良预后的恶性脑瘤、恶性神经胶质瘤、复发性恶性神经胶质瘤、退行性星形细胞瘤、退行性少突神经胶质瘤、神经内分泌肿瘤、直肠腺癌、Dukes C & D结肠直肠癌、不可切除的结肠直肠癌、转移性肝细胞癌、卡波济氏肉瘤、核型急性成髓细胞性白血病、何杰金氏淋巴瘤、非何杰金氏淋巴瘤、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤、皮肤B细胞淋巴瘤、弥漫性巨大B细胞淋巴瘤、低级滤泡性淋巴瘤、转移性黑素瘤(局部黑素瘤、包括但不限于眼部黑素瘤)、恶性间皮瘤、恶性胸膜渗出间皮瘤综合征、腹膜癌、乳头状浆液癌、妇科肉瘤、软组织肉瘤、硬皮病、皮肤脉管炎、朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症、平滑肌肉瘤、进行性骨化性纤维发育不良、激素难治性前列腺癌、可切除的高风险软组织肉瘤、不可切除的肝细胞癌、瓦尔登斯特伦氏巨球蛋白血症、焖燃型骨髓瘤、无痛性骨髓瘤、输卵管癌、非雄激素依赖型前列腺癌、雄激素依赖型IV期非转移性前列腺癌症、非激素敏感性前列腺癌、非化疗敏感性前列腺癌、乳头状甲状腺癌、滤泡性甲状腺癌、甲状腺髓样癌、以及平滑肌瘤。在具体的实施方案中,癌症是转移性的。在另一个实施方案中,癌症是难以治愈的或对化疗或辐射无效的。
与不希望的血管生成相关或特点是不希望的血管生成的疾病和病症的例子包括但不限于炎症性疾病、自身免疫疾病、病毒性疾病、遗传疾病、过敏性疾病、细菌性疾病、眼部新生血管疾病、脉络膜新生血管疾病、视网膜新生血管疾病、以及虹膜发红(房角新生血管)。与不希望的血管生成相关或特点是不希望的血管生成的疾病和病症的具体例子包括但不限于子宫内膜异位、克隆氏病、心衰竭、晚期心衰竭、肾损伤、内毒素血症、中毒性休克综合征、骨关节炎、逆转录病毒复制、消瘦、脑脊膜炎、硅石诱导纤维化、石棉诱导纤维化、兽医学病症、恶性肿瘤相关的高钙血症、中风、循环休克、牙周炎、牙龈炎、巨红细胞性贫血、顽固性贫血和5q综合征。
疼痛的例子包括但不限于2003年10月23日提交的美国专利申请号10/693,794中所述的那些,在此引入作为参考。疼痛的具体类型包括但不限于伤害性疼痛、神经性疼痛、伤害性疼痛和神经性疼痛的混合疼痛、内脏痛、偏头痛、头痛和术后痛。
伤害性疼痛的例子包括但不限于与化学或热灼伤、皮肤切伤、皮肤挫伤、骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、腱炎或肌筋膜痛相关的疼痛。
神经性疼痛的例子包括但不限于CRPS I型、CRPS II型、反射性交感神经营养不良(RSD)、反射性神经血管营养不良、反射性营养不良、交感持续性疼痛综合征、灼性神经痛、骨苏德克氏萎缩症、痛觉神经营养不良、肩手综合征、外伤后营养不良、三叉神经痛、疱疹后神经痛、癌相关性疼痛、幻肢痛、纤维肌痛、慢性疲劳综合征、脊髓损伤性疼痛、中枢中风后疼痛、神经根病、糖尿病性神经病、中风后疼痛、梅毒性神经病以及其它疼痛性神经病症,如由于长春新碱和万珂(Velcade)诱导的疼痛。
当在本文中使用时,术语“复合性区域疼痛综合征”、“CRPS”和“CRPS及相关综合征”指以下述一个或多个症状为特征的慢性疼痛疾病:疼痛,无论是自发的还是诱发的,包括异常性疼痛(对通常不痛的刺激产生疼痛应答)和痛觉过敏(对通常仅造成轻微疼痛的刺激产生夸大的应答);与刺激事件不成比例的疼痛(例如,足踩扭伤后剧痛数年);不局限于单一外周神经分布的区域性疼痛;以及与营养性皮肤变化(头发和指甲生长异常和皮肤溃疡)有关的自主失调(例如,水肿、血流改变和多汗)。
MD和相关综合征的例子包括但不限于在2003年10月30日提交的美国专利申请10/699,154中所述的那些,在此引入作为参考。具体例子包括但不限于萎缩型(干性)MD、渗出型(湿性)MD、与年龄有关的黄斑病变(ARM)、脉络膜新生血管(CNVM)、视网膜色素上皮细胞脱离(PED)和视网膜色素上皮细胞(RPE)萎缩。
皮肤疾病的例子包括但不限于在2004年3月22日提交的美国临时申请号60/554,923中所述的那些,在此引入作为参考。具体例子包括但不限于角化病和相关症状、以表皮过度增生为特征的皮肤疾病或病症、痤疮和皱纹。
当在本文中使用时,术语“角化病”指以角质层局限性过度增生为特征的任何表皮损伤,包括但不限于光化性角化病、脂溢性角化病、角化棘皮瘤、毛囊角化病(Darier病)、内翻性毛囊角化病、掌跖角化病(PPK,掌跖肌角化病)、毛发角化病和灰泥样角化病。术语“光化性角化病”也叫老年性角化病、老年角化病、老年疣、老年性扁平疣、日光性角化病、角皮病或角质瘤。术语“脂溢性角化病”也指皮脂溢性疣、老年疣或基底细胞乳头状瘤。角化病以下列一个或多个症状为特征:暴露的表面(如脸部、手部、耳朵、颈部、腿和胸)表皮粗糙、鳞片状、红斑丘疹、色斑、刺棘或小瘤,被称作皮角样的角蛋白小瘤,过度角化症,毛细血管扩张,弹性组织变性,含色素小痣,棘皮症,角化不全,角化不良症,乳头状瘤病,基底细胞色素过度沉积,细胞异型,有丝分裂像,异常细胞间粘连,密集炎症渗透和扁平细胞癌轻微传播。
以表皮过度增生为特征的皮肤疾病或病症的例子包括但不限于任何存在表皮过度增生的情况、疾病或病症,包括但不限于与乳头状瘤病毒相关的感染、砷角化病、累-特二氏征、疣角化不良瘤(WD)、毛囊多毳角栓病(TS)、变异性红角皮病(EKV)、胎儿鱼鳞病(丑角样鱼鳞病)、指拐垫、表皮黑棘皮瘤、汗孔角化病、鳞状表皮细胞癌、融合性网状乳头瘤(CRP)、软垂疣、皮角、考登病(多发性错构瘤综合征)、黑色丘疹性皮肤病(DPN)、表皮痣综合征(ENS)、普通鳞癣、传染性软疣、结节性痒疹和黑棘皮症(AN)。
肺部病症的例子包括但不限于在2004年4月23日提交的美国临时申请号60/565,172中所述的那些,在此引入作为参考。具体例子包括肺高血压和相关病症。肺高血压和相关病症的例子包括但不限于:原发性肺高血压(PPH);继发性肺高血压(SPH);家族性PPH;散发性PPH;前毛细管肺高血压;肺动脉高血压(PAH);肺动脉高血压;自发性肺高血压;血栓性肺动脉病(TPA);致丛性肺动脉病;功能性类I~IV肺高血压;和涉及、与其相关或隶属于以下疾病的肺高血压:左心室异常、二尖瓣疾病、缩窄性心包炎、主动脉瓣狭窄、心肌症、纵隔囊纤维化、肺静脉畸形引流、肺静脉闭塞病、胶原血管疾病、先天性心脏病、HIV病毒感染、药物和毒素如氟苯丙胺、先天性心脏病、肺静脉高血压、慢性阻塞性肺病、间质性肺病、睡眠呼吸障碍、肺泡换气不足、慢性高原病、新生儿肺病、肺泡-毛细血管发育不良、镰状细胞病、其它凝聚病、慢性血栓性栓塞、结缔组织疾病、狼疮、血吸虫病、肉状瘤病或肺毛细血管瘤。
石棉相关的病症的例子包括但不限于在2004年11月3日提交的美国申请号10/981,189中所述的那些,在此引入作为参考。具体例子包括但不限于间皮瘤、石棉沉滞症、恶性渗出性胸膜炎、良性渗出性渗出物、胸膜斑、胸膜钙化、扩散性胸膜增厚、圆形肺不张、纤维化块和肺癌。
寄生性疾病的例子包括但不限于在2004年11月12日提交的美国临时申请号60/626,975中所述的那些,在此引入作为参考。寄生性疾病包括由人细胞内寄生虫引起的疾病和病症,例如但不限于P.falcifarium,P.ovale,P.vivax,P.malariae,L.donovari,L.infantum,L.aethiopica,L.major,L.tropica,L.mexicana,L.braziliensis,T.Gondii,B.microti,B.divergens,B.coli,C.parvum,C.cayetanensis,E.histolytica,I.belli,S.mansonii,S.haematobium,Trypanosoma ssp.,Toxoplasma ssp.和O.volvulus。也包括由非人细胞内寄生虫引起的其它疾病和病症,例如但不限于Babesia bovis,Babesia canis,Banesia Gibsoni,Besnoitia darlingi,Cytawczoonfelis,Eimeria ssp.,Hammondia ssp.和Theileria ssp.。具体例子包括但不限于疟疾、巴贝西虫病、锥虫病、利什曼病、弓形体病、脑膜脑炎、角膜炎、变形虫病、贾第鞭毛虫病、隐胞子虫病、等孢球虫病、圆孢球虫病、微孢子虫病、蛔虫病、鞭虫病、钩虫病、粪类圆线虫病、弓蛔线虫病、旋毛虫病、淋巴丝虫病、盘尾丝虫病、丝虫病、血吸虫病、和动物血吸虫引起的皮炎。
免疫缺陷病症的例子包括但不限于2004年12月1日提交的美国临时申请号60/631,870中所述的那些。具体例子包括但不限于腺苷脱氨酶缺陷、抗体缺失伴正常或上升的免疫球蛋白、ataxia-tenlangiectasia、裸淋巴细胞综合征、普通易变免疫缺陷、高-IgM的免疫球蛋白缺陷、免疫球蛋白重链缺失、IgA缺失、伴胸腺瘤的免疫缺失、网状组织发育不全、Nezelof综合征、选择性IgG亚类缺失、婴儿暂时性低丙种球蛋白血症、Wistcott-Aldrich综合征、X-连锁无丙种球蛋白血症、X-连锁严重联合免疫缺陷病免疫缺失。
CNS病症的例子包括但不限于在2003年12月30日提交的美国临时申请号60/533,862和要求60/533,862优先权的共同未决美国非临时申请中所述的那些,在此引入它们作为参考。具体例子包括但不限于包括但不限于肌萎缩性侧索硬化症、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿舞蹈病、多发性硬化症,其它神经免疫疾病如妥瑞氏症、谵妄,或在短时间内发生的意识病症,和健忘症,或在无其它中枢神经系统损害下发生的离散记忆缺陷。
CNS损伤和相关综合征的例子包括但不限于在2004年11月23日提交的美国临时申请号60/630,599中所述的那些,在此引入作为参考。具体例子包括但不限于CNS损伤/损害和相关综合症,包括但不限于原发性脑损伤、继发性脑损伤、创伤性脑损伤、局部脑损伤、弥漫性轴索损伤、头部损伤、震荡、震荡后综合症、大脑挫伤和破口、硬脑膜下血肿、表皮血肿、创伤后癫痫症、慢性植物状态、完全SCI、不完全SCI、急性SCI、亚急性SCI、慢性SCI、中央脊髓综合症、Brown-Sequard综合症、前脊髓综合症、脊髓圆椎综合症、马尾综合症、神经性休克、脊髓性休克、认识水平变化、头痛、恶心、呕吐、记忆损失、头昏眼花、复视、视力模糊、情绪不稳定、睡眠干扰、易怒、不能集中、神经过敏、行为损伤、认知缺失、和颠痫。
其它疾病或病症包括但不限于病毒性疾病、遗传性疾病、过敏性疾病和自身免疫疾病。具体例子包括但不限于HIV、肝炎、成人呼吸性窘迫综合征、骨吸收疾病、慢性肺炎性疾病、皮炎、囊性纤维化病、感染性休克、脓毒症、内毒素性休克、血液动力学休克、脓毒病综合征、缺血后再灌注损伤、纤维变性疾病、恶病质、移植物抗宿主疾病、移植排斥、自体免疫疾病、类风湿性脊椎炎、克隆氏病、溃疡性结肠炎、炎性肠病、多发性硬化症、全身性红斑狼疮、麻疯病中的ENL、辐射损伤、癌症、哮喘、或高含氧肺泡损伤。
动脉硬化症和相关病症的例子包括但不限于在2000年12月11日提交的美国申请号09/734,460中所述的那些,在此引入作为参考。具体例子包括但不限于涉及到动脉硬化症的所有病症形式,包括血管干预后的再狭窄,血管干预可以是血管成形术、血管内支架、动脉粥样物质切除和移植。本发明包括血管干预的所有形式,包括心血管和肾系统疾病,例如但不限于肾血管成形术、经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)、经皮腔内冠状动脉血管成形术(PTCA)、颈内动脉经皮血管成形术(PTA)、冠脉旁路移植、支架干预的血管成形术、髂骨的外周血管经皮介入、股骨或腿弯部动脉、和使用浸渍人造移植物的手术干预。下表提供可能需要治疗的主要全身动脉,本发明包括所有这些:
动脉 | 供应的体区 |
腋窝动脉臂动脉头臂动脉腹腔动脉颈总动脉 | 肩和腋窝上臂头、颈和臂分成左胃、脾和肝动脉颈 |
髂总动脉冠状动脉深股骨动脉手指动脉足背动脉外颈动脉外髂动脉股骨动脉胃动脉肝动脉肠系膜下动脉内颈动脉内髂动脉左胃动脉中骶骨动脉卵巢动脉掌弓动脉腓骨动脉腿弯部动脉后胫骨动脉肺动脉桡动脉肾动脉脾动脉锁骨下动脉肠系膜上动脉 | 分成外髂动脉和内髂动脉心大腿指足颈和外头区股动脉大腿胃肝、胆囊、胰腺和十二指肠降结肠、直肠和盆壁颈和内头区直肠、尿膀胱、外生殖器、臀部肌肉、子宫和阴道食道和胃骶骨卵巢手小腿膝小腿肺前臂肾胃、胰腺和脾肩胰腺、小肠、升结肠和横结肠 |
睾丸动脉尺骨动脉 | 睾丸前臂 |
睡眠不良和相关综合征的例子包括但不限于在2004年4月1日提交的美国临时申请号60/559,261中所述的那些,在此引入作为参考。具体例子包括但不限于打鼾、睡眠呼吸暂停、失眠症、嗜眠发作、不宁腿综合症、夜惊、梦游和睡眠进食、以及与慢性神经性或炎性病症相关的睡眠不良。慢性神经性或炎性病症包括但不限于复杂性区域疼痛综合症、慢性下背痛、肌肉骨骼疼痛、关节炎、神经线病变、与癌症相关的疼痛、纤维肌痛、慢性疲劳综合症、内脏痛、膀胱痛、慢性胰腺炎、神经病(糖尿病性、疱疹后、创伤性或炎性),和神经退行性疾病如帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症、多发性硬化症、亨廷顿舞蹈病、运动徐缓;肌肉强直;帕金森震颤;帕金森步态;运动冻结;抑郁症;长期记忆缺失,Rubinstein-Taybi综合症(RTS);痴呆症;姿势不稳定;运动机能减退性障碍;synuclein障碍;多系统萎缩;纹状体黑质变性;橄榄体脑桥小脑萎缩;Shy-Drager综合征;具有帕金森病特征的运动神经元病;Lewy小体痴呆症;τ(Tau)病理学障碍;进行性核上麻痹;皮质基底变性;额颞性痴呆症;淀粉样蛋白病变性疾病;中等认识缺失;伴有帕金森综合征的阿尔茨海默病;威尔逊(Wilson)病;Hallervorden-Spatz病;Chediak-Hagashi病;SCA-3脊髓小脑性共济失调;X-遗传性(linked)张力障碍性帕金森病;蛋白酶转染性因子疾病;运动过度性障碍;舞蹈症;颤搐;张力障碍性震颤;肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS);CNS创伤及肌阵挛。
血红蛋白病和相关病症的例子包括但不限于在2004年12月2日提交的美国申请号11/004,736中所述的那些,在此引入作为参考。具体例子包括但不限于血红蛋白病、镰刀型细胞贫血病、与CD34+细胞分化相关的任何其它病症。
TNFα相关病症的例子包括但不限于在WO 98/03502和WO 98/54170中所述的那些,在此引入它们的全部内容作为参考。具体例子包括但不限于:内毒素血症或中毒性休克综合征;恶病质;成人呼吸性窘迫综合征;骨吸收疾病如关节炎;血钙过多;移植物抗宿主反应;脑疟疾;炎症;肿瘤生长;慢性肺部炎症性疾病;再灌注损伤;心机梗塞;中风;循环性休克;类风湿性关节炎;克隆氏病;HIV感染和AIDS;NFиB相关病症如类风湿性关节炎、类风湿性脊椎炎、骨关节炎和其它关节炎病症,脓毒性休克、脓毒病、内毒素休克、移植物抗宿主疾病、消瘦、克隆氏病、溃疡性结肠炎、多发性硬化症、系统性红斑狼疮、麻疯病中的ENL、HIV、AIDS、和AIDS中的机会感染;cAMP相关病症如脓毒性休克、脓毒病、内毒素休克、血液动力学休克和脓毒病综合征、缺血后再灌注损伤、疟疾、分枝杆菌感染、脑脊膜炎、牛皮癣、充血性心力衰竭、纤维性疾病、恶病质、移植排斥、致瘤或致癌性病症、哮喘、自身免疫疾病、辐射损伤、和高含氧损伤;病毒性感染,如疱疹病毒引起的感染;病毒性结膜炎;或过敏性皮炎。
4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药的剂量随各种因素变化,如:待治疗、预防或控制的具体指征;患者的年龄和病情;和使用的第二活性制剂的量。通常,4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药的用量可以为约0.1mg至约500mg/天,并可以常规方式调节(例如,在治疗、预防或控制周期的每天给予相同量),循环调节(例如,一周给予,一周停止),或随着治疗、预防或控制的过程增加或降低。在其它实施方案中,剂量可以为约1mg至约300mg、约0.1mg至约150mg、约1mg至约200mg、约10mg至约100mg、约0.1mg至约50mg、约1mg至约50mg、约10mg至约50mg、约20mg至约30mg、或约1mg至约20mg。
4.3第二活性制剂
在本发明的方法和组合物中可将4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药和其它药理学上的活性化合物(“第二活性制剂”)联合使用。人们相信在特定类型疾病或病症以及与疾病或病症相关的情况和症状的治疗中某些联合可发挥协同作用。4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药还可以减轻与某些第二活性制剂有关的副作用,反之亦然。
在本发明的方法和组合物中可将一种或多种第二种活性成分或活性制剂和本发明的化合物一起使用。第二活性制剂可以是大分子(例如蛋白质)或小分子(例如合成的无机、有机金属或有机分子)。
大分子活性制剂的实例包括但不限于:造血生长因子、细胞因子、和单克隆和多克隆抗体。活性制剂的具体例子是抗-CD40单克隆抗体(例如,SGN-40);组蛋白去乙酰基酶抑制剂(例如,SAHA和LAQ 824);热休克蛋白-90抑制剂(例如,17-AAG);类胰岛素生长因子-1受体激酶抑制剂;血管内皮生长因子受体激酶抑制剂(例如,PTK787);类胰岛素生长因子受体抑制剂;溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶抑制剂;IkB激酶抑制剂;p38MAPK抑制剂;EGFR抑制剂(例如,吉非替尼和埃洛替尼HCl);HER-2抗体(例如,曲妥珠单抗(Herceptin)和帕妥珠单抗(OmnitargTM));VEGFR抗体(例如,贝伐单抗(AvastinTM));VEGFR抑制剂(例如,flk-1特异性激酶抑制剂,SU5416和ptk787/zk222584);P13K抑制剂(例如,渥曼青霉素);C-Met抑制剂(例如,PHA-665752);单克隆抗体(例如,利妥昔单抗(Rituxan),托西莫单抗(Bexxar),依决洛单抗(Panorex)和G250);和抗-TNF-α抗体。
可与本发明的化合物组合的具体第二种活性化合物随待治疗、预防或控制的具体症状变化。
例如,为治疗、预防或控制癌症,第二活性制剂包括但不限于:semaxanib;环胞霉素;依那西普;强力霉素;bortezomib;阿西维辛;阿柔比星;盐酸阿考达唑;阿克罗宁;阿多来新;阿地白介素;六甲蜜胺;安波霉素;醋酸阿美蒽醌;安吖啶;阿那曲唑;安曲霉素;天门冬酰胺酶;曲林菌素;阿扎胞苷;阿扎替派;阿佐霉素;巴马司他;苯佐替派;比卡鲁胺;盐酸比生群;二甲磺酸双奈法德;比折来新;硫酸博来霉素;布喹那钠;溴匹立明;白消安;放线菌素C;卡普睾酮;卡醋胺;卡贝替姆;卡铂;卡莫斯汀;盐酸卡柔比星;卡折来新;西地芬戈;塞来昔布;苯丁酸氮芥;西罗霉素;顺铂;克拉屈滨;甲磺酸克雷斯托;环磷酰胺;阿糖胞苷;达卡巴嗪;放线菌素D;盐酸柔红霉素;地西他滨;右奥马铂;地扎胍宁;甲磺酸地扎胍宁;地吖醌;多西他赛;多柔比星;盐酸多柔比星;屈洛昔芬;柠檬酸屈洛昔芬;丙酸屈他雄酮;偶氮霉素;依达曲沙;盐酸依氟鸟氨酸;依沙芦星;恩洛铂;恩普氨酯;依匹哌啶;盐酸表柔比星;厄布洛唑;盐酸依索比星;雌莫司汀;磷酸钠雌莫司汀;依他硝唑;依托泊苷;磷酸依托泊苷;氯苯乙嘧胺;盐酸法倔唑;法扎拉滨;芬维A胺;氟尿苷;磷酸氟达拉滨;氟尿嘧啶;氟西他滨;磷喹酮;福司曲星钠;吉西他滨;盐酸吉西他滨;羟基脲;盐酸伊达比星;异环磷酰胺;伊莫福新;异丙铂;依立替康;盐酸依立替康;醋酸兰瑞肽;来曲唑;醋酸亮丙瑞林;盐酸利阿唑;洛美曲索钠;洛莫司汀;盐酸洛索蒽醌;马索罗酚;美登素;盐酸氮芥;醋酸甲地孕酮;醋酸甲烯雌醇;苯丙酸氮芥;美诺立尔;巯嘌呤;甲氨蝶呤;甲氨蝶呤钠;metoprine;美妥替哌;米丁度胺;米托克星;丝裂红素;米托洁林;丝裂马菌素;丝裂霉素;米托司培;米托坦;盐酸米托蒽醌;麦考酚酸;诺考达唑;诺加霉素;奥沙利铂;奥昔舒仑;紫杉醇;培门冬酶;佩里霉素;奈莫司汀;硫酸派来霉素;培磷酰胺;哌泊溴烷;哌泊舒凡;盐酸吡罗蒽醌;普卡霉素;普洛美坦;卟非姆钠;紫菜霉素;泼尼莫司汀;盐酸丙卡巴肼;嘌呤霉素;盐酸嘌呤霉素;吡唑呋喃菌素;利波腺苷;沙芬戈;盐酸沙芬戈;司莫司汀;辛曲秦;磷乙酰天冬氨酸钠(Sparfosate sodium);司帕霉素;盐酸锗螺胺;螺莫司汀;螺铂;链黑菌素;链佐星;磺氯苯脲;他利霉素;替可加兰钠(tecogalan Sodium);多西他赛;替加氟;盐酸替洛蒽醌;替莫泊芬;替尼泊苷;替罗昔隆;睾内酪;硫咪嘌呤;硫鸟嘌呤;塞替派;噻唑呋啉;替拉扎明;柠檬酸托瑞米芬;醋酸曲托龙;磷酸曲西立滨;三甲曲沙;葡糖醛酸三甲曲沙;曲普瑞林;盐酸妥布氯唑;乌拉莫司汀;乌瑞替派;伐普肽;维替泊芬;硫酸长春碱;硫酸长春新碱;长春地辛;硫酸长春地辛;硫酸长春匹定;硫酸长春甘酯;硫酸环氧长春碱;酒石酸长春瑞滨;硫酸长春罗定;硫酸长春利定;伏氯唑;折尼铂;净司他丁和盐酸佐柔比星。
其它第二活性制剂包括但不限于:20-epi-1,25二羟基维生素D3;5-乙炔基尿嘧啶;阿比特龙;阿柔比星;酰基富烯;adecypenol;阿多来新;阿地白介素;ALL-TK拮抗剂;六甲蜜胺;阿雌莫司汀;amidox;阿米福汀;氨基乙酰丙酸酸;氨柔比星;安吖啶;阿那格雷;阿那曲唑;穿心莲内酯;血管生成抑制剂;拮抗剂D;拮抗剂G;安雷利克斯;抗背部化形态发生蛋白-1;抗雄激素,前列腺癌;抗雌激素;抗瘤酮类;反义寡核苷酸;阿非迪霉素甘氨酸盐;细胞凋亡基因调节剂;细胞凋亡调整剂;无瞟呤核酸;ara-CDP-DL-PTBA;精氨酸脱氨基酶;asulacrine;阿他美坦;阿莫司汀;axinastatin 1;axinastatin 2;axinastatin 3;阿扎司琼;阿扎霉素;氮胸腺嘧啶;浆果赤霉素III衍生物;balanol;巴马司他;BCR/ABL拮抗剂;苯并二氢扑酚;苯甲酰基星型包菌素;β内酰胺衍生物;β-alethine;β-clamycin B;桦木酸;bFGF抑制剂;比卡鲁胺;比生群;双氮丙啶基精胺;双奈法德;bistratene A;比折来新;breflate;溴匹立明;布度钛;丁基亚矾胺;卡泊三醇;钙磷酸蛋白C;喜树碱衍生物;卡培他滨;甲酰胺-氨基-三唑;羧酰胺三唑;CaRest M3;CARN 700;源自软骨的抑制剂;卡折来新;干酪素激酶抑制剂(ICOS);栗树精胺;天蚕抗菌肽B;西曲瑞克;chlorlns;氯喹喔啉磺胺药物;西卡前列素;顺式卟啉;克拉屈滨;克罗米芬类似物;克霉唑;collismycin A;collismycin B;康布瑞塔卡汀A4;康布瑞塔卡汀类似物;conagenin;crambescidin 816;克立那托;自念珠藻环肽8;自念珠藻环肽A衍生物;curacin A;环戊蒽醌;cycloplatam;cypemycin;阿糖胞苷ocfosfate;细胞溶解因子;cytostatin;达昔单抗;地西他滨;脱氢膜海鞘素B;地洛瑞林;地塞米松;右异环磷酰胺;右雷佐生;右维拉帕米;地吖醌;代代宁B;didox;二乙基去甲精胺;二氢-5-氮杂胞啶;二氢紫杉醇,9-;dioxamycin;二苯基螺莫司汀;多西他赛;二十二烷醇;多拉司琼;去氧氟尿苷;多柔比星;屈洛昔芬;屈大麻酚;duocarmycin SA;依布硒啉;依考莫司汀;依地福新;依决洛单抗;依氟鸟氨酸;榄香烯;乙嘧替氟;表柔比星;依立雄胺;雌莫司汀类似物;雌激素激动剂;雌激素拮抗剂;依他硝唑;依托泊苷磷酸盐;依西美坦;法倔唑;法扎拉滨;芬维A胺;非格司亭;非那雄胺;flavopiridol;氟卓斯汀;fluasterone;氟达拉滨;盐酸氟代柔红霉素;福酚美克;福美斯坦;福司曲星;福莫司汀;德卟啉钆;硝酸镓;加洛他滨;加尼瑞克;白明胶酶抑制剂;吉西他滨;谷胱甘肽抑制剂;hepsulfam;heregulin;六甲撑二乙酰胺;金丝桃素;伊班膦酸;伊达比星;艾多昔芬;伊决孟酮;伊莫福新;伊洛马司他;imatinib(Gleevec);咪喹莫特;免疫刺激肽;类胰岛素生长因子-1受体抑制剂;干扰素激动剂;干扰素;白介素;碘苄胍;碘代多柔比星;药薯,4-;伊罗普拉;伊索拉定;isobengazole;isohomohalicondrinB;伊他司琼;jasplakinolide;kahalalide F;层状素-N三醋酸基的;兰瑞肽;leinamycin;来格司亭;硫酸蘑菇多糖;leptolstatin;来曲唑;白血病抑制因素;白细胞α干扰素;亮丙瑞林+雌激素+黄体酮;亮丙瑞林;左旋咪唑;利阿唑;线性多胺类似物;亲脂性二糖肽;亲脂性铂化合物;lissoclinamide 7;洛铂;蚯蚓磷脂;洛美曲索;氯尼达明;洛索蒽醌;洛索立宾;勒托替康;德卟啉镥;lysofylline;溶解肽;美坦辛;mannostatinA;马立马司他;马索罗酚;maspin;基因溶解因子抑制剂;基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂;美诺立尔;麦尔巴隆;美替瑞林;甲硫氨酸酶;甲氧氯普胺;MIF抑制剂;米非司酮;米替福新;米立司亭;米托胍腙;二溴卫矛醇;丝裂霉素类似物;米托萘胺;mitotoxin纤维原细胞生长因子-皂草素(saporin);米托蒽醌;莫法罗汀;莫拉司亭;Erbitux,人绒毛促性腺激素;单磷酰基油脂A+乳酸分支杆菌细胞壁sk;莫哌达醇;氮芥抗癌剂;印度洋海绵B;分枝杆菌细胞壁提取物;myriaporone;N-乙酰基地那林;N-取代的苯甲脒;那法瑞林;nagrestip;纳洛酮+戊唑辛;napavin;naphterpin;那托司亭;奈达铂;奈莫柔比星;奈立膦酸;里奴内酰胺;nisamycin;氮氧化物调节剂;硝基氧抗氧化物;nitrullyn;oblimersen(Genasense);O6-苄基鸟嘌呤;奥曲肽;okicenone;寡核苷酸;奥纳司酮;恩丹西酮;恩丹西酮;oracin;口服细胞因子诱导剂;奥沙利铂;奥沙特隆;奥沙利铂;oxaunomycin;紫杉醇;紫杉醇类似物;紫杉醇衍生物;palauamine;棕榈酰根霉素;帕米膦酸;人参三醇;帕诺米芬;副细菌素(parabactin);帕折普汀;培门冬酶;培得星(peldesine);戊聚糖聚硫酸钠;喷司他丁;pentrozole;全氟溴烷;培磷酰胺;芥子醇;phenazinomycin;乙酸苯酯;磷酸酶抑制剂;溶链菌素;盐酸匹鲁卡品;吡柔比星;吡曲克辛;placetinA;placetin B;血浆酶原活化抑制剂;合成铂;铂化合物;合成铂-三胺;卟非姆钠;泊非霉素;强的松;丙基二-吖啶酮;前列腺素J2;蛋白解体抑制剂;蛋白A基免疫调节剂;蛋白激酶C抑制剂;蛋白激酶C抑制剂;微藻;蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制剂;嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶抑制剂;红紫素;吡唑并吖啶;吡醇羟乙酯血色素聚氧化乙烯共轭物;raf拮抗剂;雷替曲塞;雷莫司琼;ras法尼基蛋白转移酶抑制剂;ras抑制剂;ras-GAP抑制剂;去甲基瑞替普汀;依替膦酸钠铼Re 186;根霉素;核酶;RII视黄酰胺;罗谷亚胺;rohitukine;罗莫肽;罗喹美克;rubiginone B1;ruboxyl;沙芬戈;saintopin;SarCNU;sarcophytol A;沙格司亭;Sdi1模拟药;司莫司汀;老化衍生的抑制剂1;正义寡核苷酸;信号转导抑制剂;信号转导调节剂;西佐喃;索布佐生;硼卡钠;苯基乙酸钠;solverol;生长调节素结合蛋白;索纳明;斯帕福斯酸;spicamycin D;螺莫司汀;splenopentin;天然物质海绵素1;角鲨胺;stipiamide;基质溶解酶抑制剂;sulfinosine;超活性血管活性的肠肽拮抗剂;suradista;苏拉明;入氢吲嗪三醇;他莫司汀;它莫西芬甲碘化物;牛磺莫司汀;他扎罗汀;替可加兰钠;替加氟;tellurapyrylium;端粒酶抑制剂;替莫泊芬;替莫唑胺;替尼泊苷;四氯癸烷氧化物;tetrazomine;thaliblastine;thiocoraline;血小板生成素;血小板生成素模拟物;胸腺法新;促胸腺生成素受体激动剂;胸腺曲南;甲状腺刺激性激素;初乙基卟啉锡;替拉扎明;二茂钛二氧化物;topsentin;托瑞米芬;托瑞米芬;转换抑制剂;维A酸;三乙酰基尿苷;曲西立滨;三甲曲沙;曲普瑞林;托烷司琼;妥罗雄脲;酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;tyrphostins;UBC抑制剂;乌苯美司;尿生殖窦性的生长抑制性因子;尿激酶受体拮抗剂;伐普肽;variolin B;维拉雷琐;veramine;verdins;维替泊芬;长春瑞宾;vinxaltine;vitaxin;伏氯唑;扎诺特隆;折尼铂;亚苄维C;及净司他丁斯酯。
具体的第二活性制剂包括但不限于2-甲氧基雌二醇、telomestatin、多发性骨髓瘤细胞中的细胞凋亡引导剂(例如、TRAIL)、史塔汀、semaxanib、环胞霉素、依那西普、强力霉素、bortezomib、oblimersen(Genasense)、remicade、多西他奇、塞来昔布、美法仑、地塞米松(Decadron)、甾族化合物、吉西他滨、顺铂、替莫唑胺、依托泊苷、环磷酰胺、temodar、卡铂、丙卡巴肼、卡莫斯汀、他莫昔芬、拓普替康、氨甲喋呤、Arisa、紫杉酚、多西他赛、氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸、依立替康、希罗达、CPT-11、干扰素α、聚乙二醇化干扰素α(例如、PEG INTRON-A)、卡培他滨、顺铂、噻替派、氟达拉滨、卡铂、脂质体柔红霉素、阿糖胞苷、doxe紫杉酚、紫杉醇、长春碱、IL-2、GM-CSF、达卡巴嗪、长春瑞滨、唑来磷酸、palmitronate、biaxin、白消安、强的松、双磷酸酯、三氧化砷、长春新碱、多柔比星(Doxil)、紫杉醇、更昔洛韦、阿霉素、雌莫司汀磷酸钠(Emcyt)、舒林酸、和依托泊苷。
相似地,根据待治疗、预防或控制的症状,具体第二活性制剂的例子可以在以下文献中找到,在此引入所有这些文献的全部内容作为参考:美国专利6,281,230和5,635,517;美国专利申请号10/411,649、10/483,213、10/411,656、10/693,794、10/699,154、和10/981,189;以及美国临时申请60/554,923、60/565,172、60/626,975、60/630,599、60/631,870、和60/533,862。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制疼痛的第二活性制剂的例子包括但不限于用于治疗或预防疼痛的常规治疗性制剂,如抗抑郁药、抗惊厥药、抗高血压药、抗焦虑药、钙通道阻断剂、肌肉松弛剂、非麻醉性镇痛药、阿片样镇痛药、抗炎性试剂、cox-2抑制剂、免疫调节剂、α-肾上腺素能受体激动剂或拮抗剂、免疫抑制剂、皮质类固醇、高压氧、氯胺酮、其它麻醉药、NMDA拮抗剂和例如在Physician′s Desk Reference 2003中的其它治疗性制剂。具体例子包括但不限于乙酰水杨酸(Aspirin)、塞来昔布(Celebrex)、Enbrel、氯胺酮、加巴喷丁(Neurontin)、苯妥英(Dilantin)、卡马西平(Tegretol)、奥卡西平(Trileptal)、丙戊酸(Depakene)、硫酸吗啡、氢吗啡酮、强的松、灰黄霉素、penthonium、阿伦膦酸盐、dyphenhydramide、胍乙腚、酮咯酸(Acular)、甲状腺降钙素、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、氯压定(Catapress)、溴苄胺、凯耳讷、利血平、氟哌利多、阿托品、酚妥拉明、布比卡因、利多卡因、醋氨酚、去甲替林(Pamelor)、阿米替林(Elavil)、丙咪嗪(Tofranil)、多虑平(Sinequan)、氯米帕明(Anafranil)、氟西汀(Prozac)、舍曲林(Zoloft)、萘法唑酮(Serzone)、文拉法辛(Effexor)、曲唑酮(Desyrel)、安非他酮(Wellbutrin)、美西律、硝苯地平、心得安、曲马多、拉莫三嗪、齐考诺肽、氯胺酮、美沙芬、苯二氮卓类、巴氯芬、替扎尼定和苯氧苄胺。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制MD和相关综合征的第二活性制剂的例子包括但不限于甾族化合物、光敏剂、整联蛋白、抗氧化剂、干扰素、黄嘌呤衍生物、生长激素、神经营养因子、新血管形成调节剂、抗-VEGF抗体、前列腺素、抗生素、植物雌激素、抗炎化合物和血管生成抑制化合物或其组合。具体例子包括但不限于维替泊芬、purlytin、血管生长抑制性甾族化合物、rhuFab、干扰素-2α、己酮可可碱、tin etiopurpurin、莫特沙芬镥、9-氟-11,21-二羟基-16,17-1-甲基次乙基二(氧基)孕-1,4-二烯-3,20-二酮、拉坦前列素(参见美国专利6,225,348)、四环素和其衍生物、利福霉素和其衍生物、大环内酯类药物、甲硝唑(美国专利6,218,369和6,015,803)、染料木素、染料木甙、6’-O-Mal染料木甙、6’-O-Ac染料木甙、黄豆甙元、黄豆苷、6’-O-Mal黄豆苷、6’-O-Ac黄豆苷、黄豆黄素、glycitin、6’-O-Mal glycitin、鹰嘴豆素A、芒柄花黄素及其混合物(美国专利6,001,368)、曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetomide)、地塞米松(美国专利5,770,589)、沙利度胺、谷胱甘肽(美国专利5,632,984)、基本的成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、转化生长因子b(TGF-b)、源自脑的神经营养因子(BDNF)、2型纤溶酶原活化因子(PAI-2)、EYE101(EyetechPharmaceuticals)、LY333531(Eli Lilly)、Miravant和RETISERT植入物(Bausch & Lomb)。在此引入上述文献的全部内容作为参考。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制皮肤疾病的第二活性制剂的例子包括但不限于角质分离剂、类维生素A、α-羟基酸、抗生素、胶原、肉毒杆菌毒素、干扰素或免疫调节剂。具体例子包括但不限于5-氟尿嘧啶、马丙考、三氯醋酸、水杨酸、乳酸、乳酸铵、尿素、异维甲酸、抗生素、胶原、肉毒杆菌毒素、干扰素、皮质类固醇、维甲酸,和胶原如人胎盘胶原、动物胎盘胶原、Dermalogen、AlloDerm、Fascia、Cymetra、Autologen、Zyderm、Zyplast、Resoplast和Isolagen。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制肺高血压和相关病症的第二活性制剂的例子包括但不限于抗凝血剂,利尿剂,强心苷,钙通道阻滞药,血管扩张剂,环前列腺素类似物,内皮素拮抗剂,磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(例如,PDE V抑制剂),肽链内切酶抑制剂,脂质降低剂,血栓素抑制剂,和其它已知的降低肺动脉压力的治疗性制剂。具体例子包括但不限于杀鼠灵(Coumadin)、利尿剂、强心苷、地高辛-氧、地尔硫卓、硝苯地平,血管扩张剂如环前列腺素(例如,前列腺素I2(PGI2),依前列醇(EPO,Floran)、曲前列尼尔(Remodulin)、一氧化氮(NO)、波生坦(Tracleer)、氨氯地平、依前列醇(Floran)、曲前列尼尔(Remodulin)、环前列腺素、他达那非(Cialis)、辛伐他汀(Zocor)、奥马曲拉(Vanlev)、依贝沙坦(Avapro)、普伐他汀(Pravachol)、地高辛、L-精氨酸、伊洛前列素、betaprost,和西地那非(Viagra)。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制石棉相关的病症的第二活性制剂的例子包括但不限于蒽环霉素、铂、烷化剂、oblimersen(Genasense)、顺铂、环磷酰胺、temodar、卡铂、丙卡巴肼、gliadel、他莫昔芬、拓普替康、氨甲喋呤、taxotere、依立替康、卡培他滨、顺铂、塞替派、氟达拉滨、卡铂、脂质体柔红霉素、阿糖胞苷、doxetaxol、紫杉醇、长春碱、IL-2、GM-CSF、达卡巴嗪、长春瑞滨、唑来磷酸、palmitronate、biaxin、白消安、强的松、双磷酸酯、三氧化砷、长春新碱、多柔比星(Doxil)、紫杉醇、更昔洛韦、阿霉素、博来霉素、透明质酸酶、丝裂霉素C、麦帕克林、噻替派、四环素和吉西他滨。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制寄生性疾病的第二活性制剂的例子包括但不限于氯喹、奎宁、奎纳定、息疟定、磺胺嘧啶、强力霉素、氯林可霉素、甲氟喹、卤泛曲林、伯氨喹、羟基氯喹、氯胍、atovaquone、阿奇霉素、苏拉明、戊烷脒、melarsoprol、硝呋替莫、苄硝唑、两性霉素B、五价锑化合物(例如、sodium stiboglucuronate)、干扰素γ、伊曲康唑、死前鞭毛体和BCG的组合、亚叶酸、皮质类固醇、磺胺、螺旋霉素、IgG(血清)、甲氧苄氨嘧啶、和磺胺甲基异噁唑。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制免疫缺陷病症的第二活性制剂的例子包括但不限于:抗生素(治疗型或预防型),例如但不限于氨比西林、四环素、盘尼西林、头孢菌素、链霉素、卡那霉素、和红霉素;抗病毒素、例如但不限于金刚烷胺、金刚乙胺、阿昔洛韦、和利巴韦林;免疫球蛋白;血浆;免疫增强药物,例如但不限于左旋咪唑和异丙肌苷;生物制剂,例如但不限于丙种球蛋白、转移因子、白介素、和干扰素;激素,例如但不限于胸腺药;和其它免疫试剂,例如但不限于B细胞刺激因子(例如,BAFF/BlyS),细胞因子(例如,IL-2、IL-4、和IL-5)、生长因子(例如,TGF-α)、抗体(例如,抗-CD40和IgM),含有未甲基化的CpG motifs(例如,TCGTCGTTTTGTCGTTTTGTCGTT)的寡核苷酸、和疫苗(例如,病毒和肿瘤肽疫苗)。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制CNS病症的第二活性制剂的例子包括但不限于:多巴胺激动剂或拮抗剂,例如但不限于左旋多巴、L-DOPA、可卡因、α-甲基-酪氨酸、利血平、丁苯那嗪、benzotropine、帕吉林、甲磺酸非诺多潘(fenodolpam)、卡麦角林、二盐酸普拉克索、罗匹尼罗(ropinorole)、盐酸金刚烷胺、盐酸司来吉兰、卡比多巴、甲磺酸培高利特、息宁控释片(Sinemet CR)或盐酸金刚烷胺糖浆(Symmetrel);MAO抑制剂,例如但不限于异烟酰异丙肼、氯吉兰、苯乙肼及异卡波肼;COMT抑制剂,例如但不限于托卡朋及恩他卡朋;乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,例如但不限于水杨酸毒扁豆碱、硫酸毒扁豆碱、溴化毒扁豆碱、溴化新斯的明、甲基硫酸新斯的明、安贝氯铵、氯化腾喜龙、他克林、氯解磷定、双复磷、溴三甲肟双解磷、丁酮肟、endrophonium、吡斯的明、和地美溴铵;抗炎药,包括但不限于萘普生钠、双氯芬酸钠、双氯芬酸钾、塞来考昔、舒林酸、噁丙嗪、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、美洛昔康、布洛芬、酮洛芬、萘丁美酮、罗非考昔、甲氨蝶呤、来氟米特、柳氮磺吡啶、金盐、Rh0-D免疫球蛋白、麦考酚酸吗乙酯、环孢菌素、硫唑嘌呤、他克莫司、巴利昔单抗、达克珠单抗、水杨酸、乙酰水杨酸、水杨酸甲酯、二氟尼柳、双水杨酯、奥沙拉秦、柳氮磺吡啶、对乙酰氨基酚、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、甲芬那酸、甲氯芬那酸钠、托美丁、酮咯酸、双氯酚酸、氟比洛芬、噁丙嗪、吡罗昔康、美洛昔康、安吡昔康、屈噁昔康、piroxicam、替诺昔康、苯基丁氮酮、羟基保泰松、安替比林、氨基比林、阿扎丙宗、齐留通、金硫葡糖、金硫丁二钠、金诺芬、甲氨蝶呤、秋水仙碱、别嘌呤醇、丙磺舒、磺吡酮及苯溴马隆或倍他米松及其它糖皮质激素;和止吐药,例如但不限于甲氧氯普胺、多潘立酮、普鲁氯嗪、普鲁米近、氯丙嗪、曲美苄胺、昂丹司琼、格拉司琼、羟嗪、乙酰亮氨酸单乙醇胺、阿立比利、阿扎司琼、苯喹胺、氨醇醋茶碱、溴必利、布克力嗪、氯波必利、苯甲嗪、茶苯拉明、地芬尼多、多拉司琼、美克洛嗪、美沙拉妥、美托哌丙嗪、大麻隆、奥昔喷地、匹哌马嗪、东莨菪碱、舒必利、四氢大麻醇、硫乙拉嗪、硫丙拉嗪、托烷司琼及其混合物。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制CNS损伤和相关综合征的第二活性制剂的例子包括但不限于免疫调节剂、免疫抑制剂、抗高血压药、抗惊厥药、血栓溶解药、抗血小板剂、安定药、抗抑郁剂、苯二氮平、丁螺环酮、金刚烷胺、和CNS损伤/损害和相关综合症患者中所用的其它公知或常规药剂。具体例子包括但不限于:甾族化合物(例如,糖皮质激素,例如但不限于甲基强的松龙,地塞米松和倍他米松);抗炎药,包括但不限于萘普生钠、双氯芬酸钠、双氯芬酸钾、塞来考昔、舒林酸、噁丙嗪、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、美洛昔康、布洛芬、酮洛芬、萘丁美酮、罗非考昔、甲氨蝶呤、来氟米特、柳氮磺吡啶、金盐、RH0-D免疫球蛋白、麦考酚酸吗乙酯、环孢菌素、硫唑嘌呤、他克莫司、巴利昔单抗、达克珠单抗、水杨酸、乙酰水杨酸、水杨酸甲酯、二氟尼柳、双水杨酯、奥沙拉秦、柳氮磺吡啶、对乙酰氨基酚、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、甲芬那酸、甲氯芬那酸钠、托美丁、酮咯酸、双氯酚酸、氟比洛芬、噁丙嗪、吡罗昔康、美洛昔康、安吡昔康、屈噁昔康、pivoxicam、替诺昔康、苯基丁氮酮、羟基保泰松、安替比林、氨基比林、阿扎丙宗、齐留通、金硫葡糖、金硫丁二钠、金诺芬、甲氨蝶呤、秋水仙碱、别嘌呤醇、丙磺舒、磺吡酮及苯溴马隆;cAMP类似物,包括但不限于db-cAMP;包括哌醋甲酯药物的试剂,哌醋甲酯药物包括1-苏式哌醋甲酯、d-苏式哌醋甲酯、d1-苏式哌醋甲酯、1-赤式哌醋甲酯、d-赤式哌醋甲酯、d1-赤式哌醋甲酯,和其混合物;和利尿剂,例如但不限于甘露醇,利尿磺胺,甘油,和脲。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制睡眠不良和相关综合征的第二活性制剂的例子包括但不限于三环抗抑郁药、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制药、抗癫痫药(加巴喷丁,普瑞巴林,卡马西平,奥卡西平,levitiracetam,托吡酯)、抗心律失常药、钠通道阻断剂、选择性炎性介导抑制剂、阿片类药、第二免疫调节化合物、组合制剂、及其它用于睡眠治疗的已知或常规药物。具体例子包括但不限于Neurontin、氧可酮、吗啡、托吡酯、阿米替林、去甲替林、卡马西平、左旋多巴、L-DOPA、可卡因、α-甲基-酪氨酸、利血平、丁苯那嗪、benzotropine、帕吉林、甲磺酸非诺多潘(fenodolpam)、卡麦角林、二盐酸普拉克索、罗匹尼罗(ropinorole)、盐酸金刚烷胺、盐酸司来吉兰、卡比多巴、甲磺酸培高利特、息宁控释片(Sinemet CR)、盐酸金刚烷胺糖浆(Symmetrel)、异烟酰异丙肼、氯吉兰、苯乙肼、异卡波肼、托卡朋、恩他卡朋、水杨酸毒扁豆碱、硫酸毒扁豆碱、溴化毒扁豆碱、溴化新斯的明、甲基硫酸新斯的明、安贝氯铵、氯化腾喜龙、他克林、氯解磷定、双复磷、溴三甲肟双解磷、丁酮肟、endrophonium、吡斯的明、地美溴铵、塞来昔布、萘普生钠、双氯芬酸钠、双氯芬酸钾、塞来考昔、舒林酸、噁丙嗪、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、美洛昔康、布洛芬、酮洛芬、萘丁美酮、罗非考昔、甲氨蝶呤、来氟米特、柳氮磺吡啶、金盐、RH0-D免疫球蛋白、麦考酚酸吗乙酯、环孢菌素、硫唑嘌呤、他克莫司、巴利昔单抗、达克珠单抗、水杨酸、乙酰水杨酸、水杨酸甲酯、二氟尼柳、双水杨酯、奥沙拉秦、柳氮磺吡啶、对乙酰氨基酚、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、甲芬那酸、甲氯芬那酸钠、托美丁、酮咯酸、双氯酚酸、氟比洛芬、噁丙嗪、吡罗昔康、美洛昔康、安吡昔康、屈噁昔康、pivoxicam、替诺昔康、苯基丁氮酮、羟基保泰松、安替比林、氨基比林、阿扎丙宗、齐留通、金硫葡糖、金硫丁二钠、金诺芬、甲氨蝶呤、秋水仙碱、别嘌呤醇、丙磺舒、磺吡酮、苯溴马隆、倍他米松及其它糖皮质激素、甲氧氯普胺、多潘立酮、普鲁氯嗪、普鲁米近、氯丙嗪、曲美苄胺、昂丹司琼、格拉司琼、羟嗪、乙酰亮氨酸单乙醇胺、阿立比利、阿扎司琼、苯喹胺、氨醇醋茶碱、溴必利、布克力嗪、氯波必利、苯甲嗪、茶苯拉明、地芬尼多、多拉司琼、美克洛嗪、美沙拉妥、美托哌丙嗪、大麻隆、奥昔喷地、匹哌马嗪、东莨菪碱、舒必利、四氢大麻醇、硫乙拉嗪、硫丙拉嗪、托烷司琼及其混合物。
可用于治疗、预防和/或控制血红蛋白病和相关病症的第二活性制剂的例子包括但不限于:白介素,诸如IL-2(包括重组IL-II(“rIL2”)和金丝雀痘(canarypox)IL-2)、IL-10、IL-12和IL-18;干扰素,诸如干扰素α-2a、干扰素α-2b、干扰素α-n1、干扰素α-n3、干扰素β-Ia和干扰素γ-Ib;和G-CSF;羟基脲;丁酸酯或丁酸酯衍生物;一氧化二氮;HEMOXINTM(NIPRISANTM;参见美国专利5,800,819);Gardos通道拮抗剂,如克霉唑和三芳基甲烷衍生物;甲磺酸去铁胺;蛋白C;和输血,或血液替代品,如HemospanTM或HemospanTM PS(Sangart)。
可以通过相同或不同的给药途径同时或顺序将4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药和第二活性制剂给予患者。对于具体的活性制剂来说,所使用的具体给药途径是否适宜取决于活性制剂自身(例如是否能口服给药而在进入血液之前没有分解)和所治疗的疾病。本发明的化合物的优选给药途径是口服。本发明第二活性制剂或活性成分的优选给药途径对本领域技术人员来说是已知的,例如参见Physicians’Desk Reference,1755-1760(第56版,2002)。
在本发明的一个方案中,以约1至约1000mg、约5至约500mg、约10至约350mg、或约50至约200mg的量一天一次或一天两次将第二活性制剂由静脉内或皮下给药。第二活性制剂的具体量取决于所使用的具体活性制剂、所治疗或控制的疾病类型、疾病的严重程度和阶段,以及本发明的化合物和任何任选的同时给予患者的另外的活性制剂的量。
正如在本文其它地方所讨论的,本发明包括减少、治疗和/或预防与常规治疗相关的副作用或不良作用的方法,所述常规治疗包括但不限于手术、化疗、放疗、激素治疗、生物治疗以及免疫治疗。本发明的化合物和其它活性成分可在与常规治疗相关的副作用发生前、期间或以后给予患者。
4.4循环治疗
在某些方案中,将本发明的预防性制剂或治疗性制剂循环给予患者。循环治疗包括给予活性制剂一个时期,然后停止一个时期,然后重复这个顺序给药。循环治疗可以减少对一种或多种治疗的抗性的产生,避免或减少治疗之一的副作用,和/或提高治疗效果。
因此,在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,每天以单一剂量或分开剂量给予本发明的化合物,四至六周为一周期,具有一至两周的停止期。本发明进一步允许提高给药周期的频率、数量以及长度。因此,本发明的另一个具体实施方案包括与单独给予本发明的化合物时的通常周期相比,给予本发明的化合物更多周期。在本发明另一个具体实施方案中,本发明的化合物以如果没有给予患者第二种活性成分则通常可引起患者剂量-限制性毒性的更多次的周期给药。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物以约0.1mg至约500mg/天的剂量每天给药,持续3或4周,然后停止用药一周或二周。在其它实施方案中,该剂量可以为约1mg至约300mg、约0.1mg至约150mg、约1mg至约200mg、约10mg至约100mg、约0.1mg至约50mg、约1mg至约50mg、约10mg至约50mg、约20mg至约30mg、或约1mg至约20mg,然后暂停。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,在4-6周的循环中,口服给予本发明的化合物和第二种活性成分,其中在给予第二种活性成分之前30-60分钟,给予本发明的化合物。在本发明另一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物和第二种活性成分的组合在每次循环内通过静脉输注而给药约90分钟。
通常,给予患者联合疗法的循环数量为约1至约24个周期,更通常为约2至约16个周期,更通常为约4至约3个周期。
4.5药物组合物和剂型
药物组合物可用于制备单独的、单一单位剂型。本发明药物组合物和剂型包含本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、立体异构体或前药。本发明药物组合物和剂型还可以包含一种或多种赋形剂。
本发明药物组合物和剂型还可以包含一种或多种另外的活性成分。任选的第二或另外的活性成分的例子在上面部分4.3中公开。
本发明单一单位剂型适于对患者口服、粘膜(例如鼻、舌下、阴道、颊或直肠)、或胃肠外(例如皮下、静脉内、快速浓注、肌内或动脉内)、局部(例如滴眼剂或其它眼用制剂)、透皮或经皮给药。剂型的实例包括但不限于:片剂;囊片剂;胶囊,例如软的弹性明胶胶囊;扁囊剂;含片;锭剂;分散剂;栓剂;粉剂;气雾剂(例如鼻喷雾剂或吸入剂);凝胶剂;适于对患者口服或经粘膜给药的液体剂型,包括悬浮液(例如水或非水液体悬浮液、水包油乳剂或油包水液体乳剂)、溶液和酏剂;适于对患者胃肠外给药的液体剂型;和可以重新配制以提供适于对患者胃肠外给药的液体剂型的无菌固体(例如晶形或非晶固体)。
本发明剂型的组成、形状和类型一般取决于其应用。例如,与用于相同疾病的长期治疗的剂型相比,用于疾病急性治疗的剂型可含有更大量的一种或多种活性成分。类似地,与用于治疗相同疾病的口服剂型相比,胃肠外剂型可含有更小量的一种或多种活性成分。本发明的具体剂型从一种改变为另一种的这些和其它途径对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。参见例如Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,18th ed.,Mack Publishing,Easton PA(1990)。
典型的药物组合物和剂型包含一种或多种赋形剂。合适的赋形剂是药物领域众所周知的,本文提供了合适的赋形剂的非限制性实例。具体的赋形剂是否适于掺入药物组合物或剂型,这取决于本领域众所周知的多种因素,包括但不限于将剂型对患者给药的途径。例如,口服剂型如片剂可含有不适于胃肠外剂型的赋形剂。具体赋形剂的适合性还可以取决于剂型中的具体活性成分。例如,某些活性成分的降解可能被某些赋形剂例如乳糖加速,或当暴露于水时。包含伯胺或仲胺的活性成分特别容易受这种加速降解的影响。因此,本发明包括含有很少(如果有的话)乳糖和其它单糖或二糖的药物组合物和剂型。本文所用术语“不含乳糖”是指所存在的乳糖(如果有的话)的量不足以显著增加活性成分的降解速度。
本发明不含乳糖的组合物可包含本领域众所周知并且列在例如U.S.Pharmacopeia(USP)25-NF20(2002)中的赋形剂。不含乳糖的组合物一般包含活性成分、粘合剂/填充剂以及药学上相容并且药学上可接受的量的润滑剂。优选的不含乳糖的剂型包含活性成分、微晶纤维素、预凝胶化淀粉和硬脂酸镁。
本发明还包括含有活性成分的无水药物组合物和剂型,因为水可能会促进某些化合物的降解。例如加入水(例如5%)作为模拟长期储存的方法在制药领域广泛接受,以确定制剂随时间推移的性质变化例如保存期或稳定性。参见例如Jens T.Carstensen,Drug Stability:Principles & Practice,2d.Ed.,Marcel Dekker,NY,NY,1995,第379-80页。实际上,水和热会加速某些化合物的降解。因此,水对制剂的影响可能很严重,因为水分和/或湿度在生产、处理、包装、储存、运输和制剂使用期间会经常遇到。
本发明无水药物组合物和剂型可以使用无水或低水分含量组分以及低水分或低湿度条件下制得。如果预计在生产、包装和/或储存期间会与水分和/或湿度实质性接触,包含乳糖和至少一种含有伯胺或仲胺的活性成分的药物组合物和剂型优选是无水的。
无水药物组合物应当在保持其无水性质的情况下制备和储存。因此,优选使用已知能防止它们暴露于水分的材料来包装无水组合物,这样它们可被包装在合适的药盒中。合适的包装的实例包括但不限于气密箔、塑料、单位剂量容器(例如小瓶)、泡罩包装和条带包装。
本发明还包括这样的药物组合物和剂型,其含有能降低活性成分降解速度的一种或多种化合物。在本文中称为“稳定剂”的这样的化合物包括但不限于抗氧化剂如抗坏血酸、pH缓冲剂或缓冲盐。
就象赋形剂的量和类型一样,剂型中活性成分的量和具体类型可随各种因素例如但不限于将其对患者给药的途径而改变。然而,典型的剂型包含约0.10至约500mg的本发明的化合物。典型的剂型包含约0.1、1、2、5、7.5、10、12.5、15、17.5、20、25、50、100、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、或500mg的本发明的化合物。
典型的剂型包含约1-约1000mg、约5mg-约500mg、约10mg-约350mg、约50mg-约200mg第二种活性制剂。当然,第二种活性制剂的具体量将取决于所用的具体活性制剂、所治疗或控制的癌症类型以及对患者联合施用的本发明的化合物和任何任选的另外的活性制剂的量。
4.5.1口服剂型
适于口服给药的本发明药物组合物可以作为分散剂型提供,例如但不限于片剂(例如咀嚼片)、囊片剂、胶囊剂和液体(例如矫味糖浆剂)。这样的剂型包含预定量的活性成分,并且可以通过本领域技术人员众所周知的制药方法制得。参见Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第18版,MackPublishing,Easton PA(1990)。
典型的口服剂型是通过依据常规药物混合技术将活性成分与至少一种赋形剂充分混合来制得的。根据给药所需的制剂形式,赋形剂可呈多种不同形式。例如,适用于口服液体或气雾剂剂型的赋形剂包括但不限于水、二醇、油、醇、矫味剂、防腐剂和着色剂。适用于固体口服剂型(例如粉剂、片剂、胶囊和囊片剂)的赋形剂的实例包括但不限于淀粉、糖、微晶纤维素、稀释剂、制粒剂、润滑剂、粘合剂和崩解剂。
由于其易于给药,片剂和胶囊代表最有利的口服单位剂型,其中使用固体赋形剂。如果需要,可通过标准的水性或非水性技术将片剂包衣。这样的剂型可通过任何制药方法制得。药物组合物和剂型一般这样制得:将活性成分与液体载体、细分散的固体载体或二者均匀充分混合,然后如果需要,将产物制成所需形状。
例如,片剂可通过压缩或压模来制得。压缩片可通过将任选与赋形剂混合的自由流动形式例如粉末或颗粒形式的活性成分在合适的机器中压缩来制得。压模片可通过在合适的机器中压模用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉末状化合物的混合物来制备。
可用于本发明口服剂型的赋形剂的实例包括但不限于粘合剂、填充剂、崩解剂和润滑剂。适用于药物组合物和剂型的粘合剂包括但不限于玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或其它淀粉,明胶、天然与合成树胶例如阿拉伯胶、藻酸钠、藻酸、其它藻酸盐,黄蓍胶粉末、瓜尔胶,纤维素及其衍生物(例如乙基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钙、羧甲基纤维素钠)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甲基纤维素、预凝胶化淀粉、羟基丙基甲基纤维素(例如2208、2906、2910号)、微晶纤维素及其混合物。
微晶纤维素的适当形式包括但不限于以AVICEL-PH-101、AVICEL-PH-103、AVICEL RC-581、AVICEL-PH-105销售的材料(得自FMC Corporation,American Viscose Division,Avicel Sales,Marcus Hook,PA)及其混合物。一种具体的粘合剂是以AVICELRC-581销售的微晶纤维素与羧甲基纤维素钠的混合物。合适的无水或低水分含量的赋形剂或添加剂包括AVICEL-PH-103TM和Starch 1500LM。
适用于本发明药物组合物和剂型的填充剂的实例包括但不限于滑石粉、碳酸钙(例如颗粒或粉末)、微晶纤维素、纤维素粉末、葡萄糖结合剂(dextrates)、高岭土、甘露醇、硅酸、山梨醇、淀粉、预凝胶化淀粉及其混合物。本发明药物组合物中粘合剂或填充剂以占药物组合物或剂型重量的约50-约99%的量存在。
在本发明组合物中使用崩解剂以提供在暴露于水环境时发生崩解的片剂。含有太多崩解剂的片剂在储存时可能会崩解,而含有太少崩解剂的片剂可能不会以所需速度崩解或者在所需条件下不崩解。因此,应当使用既不太多也不太少的以决定性地改变活性成分释放的足量崩解剂来形成本发明固体口服剂型。所用崩解剂的量随着制剂的类型而改变,并且易于由本领域技术人员来决定。典型的药物组合物包含约0.5-约15%重量的崩解剂,优选约1-约5%重量的崩解剂。
可用于本发明药物组合物和剂型的崩解剂包括但不限于琼脂、海藻酸、碳酸钙、微晶纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交联聚维酮、聚克立林钾、羟乙酸淀粉钠、马铃薯或甘薯淀粉、其它淀粉、预凝胶化淀粉、粘土、其它藻酸盐、其它纤维素、树胶及其混合物。
可用于本发明药物组合物和剂型的润滑剂包括但不限于硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、矿物油、轻矿物油、甘油、山梨醇、甘露醇、聚乙二醇、其它二醇、硬脂酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、滑石粉、氢化植物油(例如花生油、棉籽油、向日葵油、蓖麻油、橄榄油、棉籽油和豆油)、硬脂酸锌、油酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、琼脂及其混合物。其它的润滑剂包括例如syloid硅胶(AEROSIL200,由W.R.Grace Co.of Baltimore,MD生产)、合成二氧化硅的凝固气雾胶(由Degussa Co.of Plano,TX销售)、CAB-O-SIL(Cabot Co.of Boston,MA销售的烧结二氧化硅产品)及其混合物。如果完全使用,润滑剂通常以小于其所掺入的占药物组合物或剂型重量的约1%的量使用。
本发明优选的固体口服剂型包含本发明的化合物、无水乳糖、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、硬脂酸、胶态无水二氧化硅和明胶。
4.5.2缓释剂型
本发明的活性成分可以通过控释装置或本领域技术人员众所周知的递送装置给药。实例包括但不限于在以下专利中描述的那些:美国专利号3,845,770;3,916,899;3,536,809;3,598,123;和4,008,719、5,674,533、5,059,595、5,591,767、5,120,548、5,073,543、5,639,476、5,354,556和5,733,566,其分别引入本文以供参考。通过使用例如羟丙基甲基纤维素、其它聚合物基质、凝胶、可渗透的膜、等渗系统、多层包衣、微颗粒、脂质体、微球或其组合以提供不同比例的理想释放特性,这种剂型可用来缓释或控释一种或多种活性成分。合适的控释制剂包括本文所述的那些,其是本领域技术人员公知的,且易于选择以与本发明的活性成分一起使用。因此,本发明包括适于控释并适于口服给药的单一单位剂型,包括但不限于片剂、胶囊、凝胶胶囊和囊片剂。
所有控释药物产品都具有以下共同目标:提高药物疗果以超过其非受释产品所达到的疗效。理想地,在医疗中使用最优设计的控释制剂的特征在于:采用最少药物,在最短的时间内治愈或控制病症。控释制剂的优点包括延长药物活性、降低给药频率和提高患者依从性。此外,控释制剂可用于影响作用开始的时间或其它特征,例如药物的血液水平,以及由此影响副作用(例如不利副作用)的发生率。
大部分控释制剂是设计成在开始时释放能迅速产生所需疗效的药物(活性成分)的量,并且逐渐和连续释放其它量的药物以在延长的时间内维持该水平的治疗或预防效果。为了在体内保持恒定的药物水平,药物必须以这样的速度从剂型中释放,即能够替代代谢以及从体内排泄的药物的量。活性制剂的控释可通过各种条件来刺激,包括但不限于pH、温度、酶、水或其它生理条件或化合物。
4.5.3胃肠外剂型
胃肠外剂型可通过多种途径,包括但不限于皮下、静脉内(包括弹丸注射)、肌肉内和动脉内途径来对患者给药。由于其给药一般绕过了患者对污染物的自然防御,所以胃肠外剂型优选是无菌的,或者能够在对患者给药之前灭菌。胃肠外剂型的实例包括但不限于注射溶液、可溶解或悬浮在药学上可接受的载体中以注射的干燥产品、注射悬浮液和乳剂。
可用于提供本发明胃肠外剂型的合适的载体是本领域技术人员众所周知的。实例包括但不限于:USP注射用水;水性载体,例如但不限于氯化钠注射液、Ringer′s注射液、葡萄糖注射液、葡萄糖和氯化钠注射液和乳酸化Ringer′s注射液;可与水混溶的载体例如但不限于乙醇、聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇;以及非水性载体,例如但不限于玉米油、棉籽油、花生油、蓖麻油、油酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯和苯甲酸苄酯。
还可以将能够提高本文所公开的一种或多种活性成分的溶解度的化合物掺入本发明胃肠外剂型中。例如,可使用环状糊精及其衍生物来提高本发明的免疫调节性化合物和其衍生物的溶解度。参见例如美国专利5,134,127,其引入本文以供参考。
4.5.4局部和经粘膜给药剂型
本发明的局部和经粘膜给药剂型包括但不限于喷雾剂、气雾剂、溶液、乳剂、悬浮液、滴眼液或其它眼用制剂、或本领域技术人员已知的其它剂型。参见例如Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第16和18版,MackPublishing,Easton PA(1980 & 1990);和Introduction to PharmaceuticalDosage Forms,4th Lea & Febiger,Philadelphia(1985)。适于治疗口腔内粘膜组织的剂型可以配制成漱口剂或口腔用凝胶剂。
可用于提供本发明的局部和经粘膜给药剂型的合适的赋形剂(例如载体和稀释剂)以及其它材料是制药领域技术人员众所周知的,并且取决于施用药物组合物或剂型的具体组织。事实上,典型的赋形剂包括但不限于水、丙酮、乙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁-1,3-二醇、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕桐酸异丙酯、矿物油及其混合物,以形成无毒并且药学上可接受的的溶液、乳剂或凝胶剂。如果需要的话还可以将润湿剂或湿润剂加到药物组合物和剂型中。这种另外的成分的实例是本领域众所周知的。参见例如Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第16和18版,Mack Publishing,Easton PA(1980 & 1990)。
还可以调节药物组合物或剂型的pH来改善一种或多种活性成分的递送。类似地,可以调节溶剂载体的极性、其离子强度或张力来改善递送。还可以将化合物例如硬脂酸酯加到药物组合物或剂型中以有利地改变一种或多种活性成分的亲水性或亲脂性以改善递送。在这方面,硬脂酸酯可以用作制剂的脂质载体、乳化剂或表面活性制剂以及递送促进剂或渗透促进剂。还可以使用活性成分的不同盐、水合物或溶剂化物来调节所得组合物的性质。
4.5.5试剂盒
本发明的活性成分一般优选不在同一时间或通过相同给药途径来施用。因此,本发明包括试剂盒,在医务人员使用时,该试剂盒可简化向患者给予适量的活性成分的给药过程。
典型的本发明试剂盒包括本发明的化合物的剂型。本发明的试剂盒还可以包括另外的活性成分如oblimersen(Genasense)、美法仑、G-CSF、GM-CSF、EPO、拓普替康、达卡巴嗪、依立替康、多西他赛、IFN、COX-2抑制剂、己酮可可碱、环丙沙星、地塞米松、IL2、IL8、IL18、Ara-C、长春瑞滨、异维甲酸、13顺式维生素A酸,或其药理学活性突变体或其衍生物,或其组合。额外的活性成分的例子包括但不限于所述的那些(参见例如部分4.3)。
本发明试剂盒还可以包含用于施用活性成分的装置。这样的装置的实例包括但不限于注射器、滴液袋、贴片和吸入剂。
本发明试剂盒还可以包含可用于移植的细胞或血液以及用于施用一种或多种活性成分的药学上可接受的载体。例如,如果活性成分是固体形式,且必须配制成以进行肠胃外给药,则试剂盒可以包含含有适当载体的密封容器,该活性成分可溶解在所述载体中以形成适于胃肠外给药的不含颗粒的无菌溶液。药学上可接受的载体的实例包括但不限于:USP注射用水;含水载体,例如但不限于氯化钠注射液、Ringer′s注射液、葡萄糖注射液、葡萄糖和氯化钠注射液和乳酸盐Ringer′s注射液;可与水混溶的载体例如但不限于乙醇、聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇;以及非水化载体,例如但不限于玉米油、棉籽油、花生油、蓖麻油、油酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯和苯甲酸苄酯。
5.实施例
以下非限制性实施例进一步说明了本发明的某些实施方案。
5.1合成4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮的立体异构体
可以根据以下方案制备4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮的立体异构体:
5.1.1 2-(亚苄基氨基)丙酸甲酯
在10分钟内向盐酸L-丙胺酸甲酯(125.0g,895mmol)和硫酸镁(75.0g)的二氯甲烷(DCM,1,250mL)浆料中加入TEA(150mL,1,076mmol),然后在10分钟内加入苯甲醛(91.0mL,895mmol)。反应在室温下搅拌过夜并过滤,用DCM(250mL)洗涤固体。用水(3×500mL)洗涤DCM溶液,浓缩得到159.9g(93%粗产率)产品,棕色油:1H NMR(CDCl3):8.32(s,1H),7.76-7.80(m,2H),7.37-7.44(m,3H),4.12-4.21(q,1H),3.75(s,3H),1.53(d,3H)。
5.1.2 3-(亚苄基氨基)-3-甲基哌啶-2,6-二酮
在25分钟内向2-(亚苄基氨基)-丙酸甲酯(62.1g,325mmol)和丙烯酰胺(34.7g,488mmol)的THF(1,250mL)溶液中分次加入KOtBu(40.2g,95%纯度,341mmol),同时保持反应温度低于5℃。加入KOtBu后,反应混合物在0℃下再搅拌15分钟。分次加入固体NH4Cl(20.0g,341mmol),混合物在0℃下再搅拌5分钟。用冰冷水(1,250mL)使得到的混合物猝灭,浓缩除去约1.3L蒸馏物。过滤反应混合物,用水(3×310mL)洗涤固体。产物在45℃下真空干燥过夜,得到55.8g(75%产率)产物,白色固体。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):10.86(s,1H),8.38(s,1H),7.34-7.84(m,5H),2.03-2.77(m,4H),1.43(s,3H)。
5.1.3 3-氨基-3-甲基哌啶-2,6-二酮盐酸盐一水合物
向3-(亚苄基氨基)-3-甲基哌啶-2,6-二酮(52.0g,226mmol)的THF(520mL)溶液中滴加4M HCl水溶液(68.0mL,272mmol),同时保持反应温度在3-10℃。混合物升至室温,在室温下再搅拌3小时。真空过滤收集固体,用THF(2×100mL)洗涤。产物在50℃下真空干燥过夜,得到38.2g(84%产率)产物,灰白色固体。熔点:292-294℃。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):11.27(s,1H),8.87(s,3H),2.58-2.87(m,2H),2.08-2.33(m,2H),1.54(s,3H)。C6H11ClN2O2·0.95H2O的计算值:C,36.82;H,6.64;N,14.31。实测值:C,37.25;H,6.52;N,13.82。
5.1.4(3R)-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)氨基甲酸2-异丙基-5-甲基环己酯
在0℃,向3-氨基-3-甲基哌啶-2,6-二酮盐酸盐一水合物(5.68g,28.9mmol)的水(30mL)和THF(30mL)混合物的浆料中加入的(-)-薄荷基氯甲酸酯(6.4mL,29.8mmol)。5分钟内向得到的反应混合物中分次加入固体NaHCO3(10.1g,120.0mmol),同时保持反应温度为0-5℃。加入NaHCO3后,混合物在0℃下搅拌1小时,在室温下再搅拌5小时,然后加入额外的(-)-薄荷基氯甲酸酯(2.0mL,9.3mmol)。浆料在室温下搅拌过夜,用水(30mL)猝灭,浓缩除去约30mL蒸馏物。过滤混合物,用水(3×15mL)和己烷(3×15mL)洗涤固体。风干粗产物,然后与EtOAc(20mL)回流30分钟。混合物冷却到0℃,在0℃下搅拌30分钟。过滤收集固体,用EtOAc(20mL)快速漂洗。产物在40℃下真空干燥过夜,得到3.60g(77%产率,基于一种异构体转化率)白色晶体材料,熔点:175-177℃。HPLC(WatersNova-Pak C18柱,3.9×150mm,4μm,40/60 CH3CN/0.1%H3PO4水溶液,1.0mL/min,210nm):11.95min(>99.0%)。手性HPLC(Daicel ChiralPakAD柱,4.6×250mm,15/85IPA/己烷,1.0mL/min,210nm):9.53分钟(>99.0%ee)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):10.67(s,1H),7.50(s,1H),4.31-4.41(m,1H),2.42-2.75(m,2H),1.84-1.98(m,2H),1.60-1.75(m,3H),1.40-1.50(m,5H),0.70-1.09(m,13H)。13C NMR(DMSO-d6):174.39,172.37,154.79,73.03,54.46,46.81,41.17,33.77,30.91,29.22,29.08,25.44,22.91,22.13,21.91,20.60,16.14。C17H28N2O4的计算值:C,62.94;H,8.70;N,8.64。实测值:C,62.84;H,8.69;N,8.52。
5.1.5(3S)-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸2-异丙基-5-甲基环己酯
使用与合成(3R)-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸2-异丙基-5-甲基环己酯基本上相同的过程合成(3S)-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸2-异丙基-5-甲基环己酯。产物是白色结晶固体,熔点:170-172℃。HPLC(Waters Nova-Pak C18柱,3.9×150mm,4μm,40/60CH3CN/0.1%H3PO4水溶液,1.0mL/min,210nm):12.09min(>99.0%)。手性HPLC(Daicel ChiralPak AD柱,4.6×250mm,15/85IPA/己烷,1.0mL/min,210nm):7.88min(>99.0%ee)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):10.66(s,1H),7.49(s,1H),4.32-4.41(m,1H),2.42-2.75(m,2H),1.84-1.98(m,2H),1.50-1.75(m,3H),1.40-1.50(m,5H),0.70-1.07(m,13H)。13C NMR(DMSO-d6):174.39,172.36,154.80,73.03,54.46,46.81,41.17,33.77,30.91,29.22,29.09,25.44,22.91,22.13,21.91,20.60,16.13。C17H28N2O4的计算值:C,62.94;H,8.70;N,8.64。实测值:C,62.69;H,8.70;N,8.54。
5.1.6(3R)-3-氨基-3-甲基哌啶-2,6-二酮氢溴酸盐一水合物
向50mL 3N RBF中加入(3R)-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-氨基甲酸2-异丙基-5-甲基环己酯(3.13g,9.6mmol)和HOAc(31.0mL)中的30%HBr。混合物缓慢加热到90-100℃,然后在相同温度范围内搅拌6小时。混合物冷却到室温,在室温下搅拌30分钟。真空过滤收集固体,用HOAc(3×10mL)和EtOAc(3×10mL)洗涤。产物在45℃下真空干燥过夜,得到2.0g(85%产率)产物,白色结晶固体,熔点:305-307℃。手性HPLC(RegisChiroSil CH SCA柱,4.6×150mm,70/30EtOH/0.02%H3PO4水溶液,1.0mL/min,210nm):3.71min(>99.5%ee)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):11.30(s,1H),8.63(s,3H),2.51-2.89(m,2H),2.04-2.30(m,2H),1.54(s,3H)。13C NMR(DMSO-d6):172.58,171.67,54.72,28.31,27.60,20.66。C6H11BrN2O2·H2O的计算值:C,29.89;H,5.44;N,11.62。实测值:C,30.01;H,5.20;N,11.49。
5.1.7(3S)-3-氨基-3-甲基哌啶-2.,6-二酮氢溴酸盐一水合物
使用与合成(3R)-3-氨基-3-甲基哌啶-2,6-二酮氢溴酸盐一水合物基本上相同的过程合成(3S)-3-氨基-3-甲基哌啶-2,6-二酮氢溴酸盐一水合物。产物是白色结晶固体,熔点:305-307℃。手性HPLC(Regis ChiroSil CH SCA柱,4.6×150mm,70/30 EtOH/0.02%H3PO4水溶液,1.0mL/min,210run):4.71min(>99.5%ee)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):11.31(s,1H),8.62(s,3H),2.51-2.89(m,2H),2.04-2.29(m,2H),1.54(s,3H)。13C NMR(DMSO-d6):172.58,171.67,54.71,28.31,27.60,20.66。C6H11BrN2O2·H2O的计算值:C,29.89;H,5.44;N,11.62。实测值:C,30.04;H,5.28;N,11.57。
5.1.8(3R)-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-4-硝基-异吲哚-1,3-二酮
将3-硝基邻苯二甲酸酐(1.49g,7.7mmol),(3R)-3-氨基-3-甲基哌啶-2,6-二酮氢溴酸盐一水合物(1.56g,6.2mmol)和NaOAc(0.66g,8.0mmol)在HOAc(31mL)中的混合物回流24小时。没有搅拌下,将溶液冷却到室温,并在室温下再放置30分钟。真空过滤收集固体,用HOAc(15mL)、水(2×15mL)和MTBE(2×15mL)洗涤,在45℃下真空干燥过夜,得到1.24g产物,灰白色固体。合并滤液和HOAc洗液,浓缩几乎至干。加入水(30mL)和MTBE(30mL),混合物在室温下剧烈搅拌2小时。过滤收集固体,用水(2×15mL)和MTBE(2×15mL)洗涤,在45℃下真空干燥过夜,得到0.25g额外产物,灰白色材料。该实验的总产率为76%。HPLC(WatersNova-Pak C18柱,3.9×150mm,4μm,35/65 CH3CN/0.1%H3PO4水溶液,1.0mL/min,210nm):2.85min(>99.5%)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):11.07(s,1H),8.04-8.31(m,3H),2.52-2.64(m,3H),1.99-2.09(m,1H),1.89(s,3H)。13C NMR(DMSO-d6):172.23,171.73,165.90,163.32,144.19,136.44,133.05,128.50,126.78,122.26,59.22,28.87,28.50,21.05。
5.1.9(3S)-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-4-硝基-异吲哚-1,3-二酮
将3-硝基邻苯二甲酸酐(1.49g,7.7mmol),(3S)-3-氨基-3-甲基哌啶-2,6-二酮氢溴酸盐一水合物(1.56g,6.2mmol)和NaOAc(0.66g,8.0mmol)在HOAc(31mL)中的混合物回流24小时。剧烈搅拌下,将混合物冷却到室温,在室温下继续搅拌30分钟。真空过滤收集固体,用HOAc(15mL)、水(2×15mL)和MTBE(2×15mL)洗涤,在45℃下真空干燥过夜,得到1.43g产物,灰白色固体。合并滤液和HOAc洗液,浓缩几乎至干。加入水(30mL)和MTBE(30mL),混合物在室温下剧烈搅拌2小时。过滤收集固体,用水(2×15mL)和MTBE(2×10mL)洗涤,在45℃下真空干燥过夜,得到0.15g额外产物,灰白色材料。该实验的总产率为80%。HPLC(WatersNova-Pak C18柱,3.9×150mm,4μm,35/65 CH3CN/0.1%H3PO4水溶液,1.0mL/min,210nm):2.85min(96.5%)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):11.07(s,1H),8.04-8.31(m,3H),2.51-2.64(m,3H),1.88-2.08(m,4H)。
5.1.10(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮
将(3R)-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-4-硝基-异吲哚-1,3-二酮(1.12g,3.5mmol)和10%Pd/C(140mg)在DMF(22mL)中的浆料用60psiH2在室温下氢化19小时。用硅藻土床过滤混合物,用DMF(2×6mL)洗涤硅藻土床。滤液与木炭(560mg)在室温下搅拌2小时,用0.2μm微孔尼龙膜过滤器过滤,用3-巯基丙基-官能化的硅胶(1.12g)在室温下处理2小时。过滤得到的混合物,滤液浓缩几乎至干。整个周末,残渣在水(22mL)中再次形成浆料。过滤浆料,用水(4×11mL)洗涤,分别用THF(6mL)和DCM(2×11mL)漂洗。应注意到,产物在THF和DCM中具有良好的溶解度。固体在45℃下真空干燥过夜,得到0.57g(57%产率)产物,亮黄色固体,熔点:236-238℃。HPLC(Waters Nova-Pak C18柱,3.9×150mm,4μm,20/80 CH3CN/0.1%H3PO4水溶液,1.0mL/min,240nm):6.92min(>99.0%)。手性HPLC(Daicel ChiralPak AD柱,4.6×250mm,70/30IPA/己烷,0.75mL/min,240nm):13.30min(>99.0%ee)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):10.99(s,1H),7.42-7.47(m,1H),6.92-7.00(m,2H),6.52(s,2H),2.55-2.71(m,3H),1.88-2.05(m,4H)。13C NMR(DMSO-d6):172.44,172.13,169.48,168.02,146.53,135.34,131.78,121.48,110.52,108.28,58.26,29.23,28.60,20.98。C14H13N3O4·0.4H2O(或2.4%H2O)的计算值:C,57.10;H,4.72;N,14.27。实测值:C,57.28;H,4.53;N,14.14。QTI水含量:2.3%。
5.1.11(3S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮
使用与合成(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮基本上相同的过程合成(3S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮。产物(0.88g,71%产率)是亮黄色固体,熔点:235-237℃。HPLC(Waters Nova-Pak C18柱,3.9×150mm,4μm,20/80 CH3CN/0.1%H3PO4水溶液,1.0mL/min,240nm):6.92min(>99.0%)。手性HPLC(DaicelChiralPak AD柱,4.6×250mm,70/30IPA/己烷,0.75mL/min,240nm):26.35min(>99.0%ee)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):10.99(s,1H),7.44(t,1H),6.91-7.00(m,2H),6.52(s,2H),2.51-2.78(m,3H),1.88-2.04(m,4H)。13C NMR(DMSO-d6):172.45,172.14,169.49,168.03,146.54,135.35,131.79,121.49,110.53,108.29,58.27,29.23,28.61,20.99。C14H13N3O4·0.4H2O(或2.4%H2O)的计算值:C,57.10;H,4.72;N,14.27。实测值:C,57.25;H,4.46;N,14.07。QTI水含量:2.1%。
5.2(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚啉-1,3-二酮的可供选择的合成方法
使用以下的可供选择的合成方法合成(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)异吲哚啉-1,3-二酮:
可以使用相同过程合成(3S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)异吲哚啉-1,3-二酮,但用(S)-(+)-BNPPA代替(R)-(+)-BNPPA。
5.3 2-氨基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺盐酸盐
5.3.1 2-氯-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺
将氯乙酰氯(0.6mL,7.8mmol)加到4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮(1.5g,5.2mmol)在THF(20mL)中的搅拌的悬浮液中。混合物加热回流30分钟。混合物冷却到室温,过滤,得到2-氯-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺(1.6g,84%),灰白色固体:1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ11.05(s,1H),10.26(s,1H),8.51(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.84(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.60(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),4.53(s,2H),2.70-2.50(m,3H),2.08-2.03(m,1H),1.89(s,3H);13C NMR(DMSO-d6)δ172.16,171.98,168.74,167.31,165.69,136.16,135.39,131.30,125.27,118.54,116.95,58.89,43.14,29.04,28.53,20.98。
5.3.2 3-叠氮基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺
将2-氯-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺(1.5g,4.1mmol)、叠氮化钠(0.4g,6.2mmol)和碘化钠(20mg)在丙酮(50mL)中的混合物加热回流17小时。混合物冷却到室温,浓缩。残渣与水(30mL)搅拌,过滤得到1.5g粗产物。粗产物与乙醇(15mL)搅拌,得到3-叠氮基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺(1.4g,91%):1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ11.05(s,1H),10.0(s,1H),8.50(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.86(dd,J=7.4和8.3Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),4.34(s,2H),2.70-2.48(m,3H),2.10-2.03(m,1H),1.90(s,3H)。
5.3.3 2-氨基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺盐酸盐
将2-叠氮基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺(1.4g,3.8mmol)和10%Pd/C(0.15g)在4N HCl(20mL)和甲醇(100mL)中的混合物在50psi下氢化5小时。用硅藻土过滤混合物,浓缩滤液得到0.5g粗产物。过滤出的催化剂与水(15mL)再次形成浆料,过滤,滤液浓缩再得到0.6g粗产物。合并粗产物,与热甲醇(30mL)形成浆料,得到2-氨基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺盐酸盐(0.5g,35%),黄色固体:mp111-113℃;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ11.05(s,1H),10.30(b,1H),8.40(s,3H),8.32(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.86(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.64(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),3.97(s,2H),2.72-2.50(m,3H),2.09-2.04(m,1H),1.90(s,3H);13C NMR(DMSO-d6)δ172.18,172.04,167.75,167.22,166.18,135.99,134.74,131.76,127.13,118.92,117.98,58.83,41.11,29.10,28.55,21.05;C16H17N4O5Cl的分析计算值:C,50.47,H,4.50,N,14.71,Cl,9.31。实测值:C,50.35,H,4.40,N,14.54,Cl,9.01。
5.4(3S)-2-氨基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2.6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺盐酸盐
5.4.1(3S)-2-氯-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺
将氯乙酰氯(0.6mL,7.8mmol)加到(3S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮(1.5g,5.2mmol)在THF(40mL)中的搅拌的悬浮液中。混合物加热回流30分钟,冷却到室温。混合物浓缩至一半体积,加入醚(20mL)。混合物搅拌30分钟,过滤得到(3S)-2-氯-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺(1.9g,100%),灰白色固体:1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ11.05(s,1H),10.26(s,1H),8.51(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.84(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.60(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),4.53(s,2H),2.68-2.49(m,3H),2.10-2.03(m,1H),1.89(s,3H)。
5.4.2(3S)-2-叠氮基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺
将(3S)-2-氯-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺(1.9g,4.1mmol)、叠氮化钠(0.5g,7.8mmol)和碘化钠(40mg)在丙酮(70mL)中的混合物加热回流17小时。混合物冷却到室温,浓缩。残渣与水(30mL)搅拌30分钟,过滤。固体在乙醇(20mL)中搅拌得到(3S)-2-叠氮基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺(1.8g,94%):1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ11.05(s,1H),10.05(s,1H),8.50(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.83(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),4.34(s,2H),2.71-2.49(m,3H),2.10-2.03(m,1H),1.90(s,3H)。
5.4.3(3S)-2-氨基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺盐酸盐
将(3S)-2-叠氮基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺(1.8g,4.9mmol)和10%Pd/C(0.3g)在4NHCl(40mL)和甲醇(400mL)中的混合物在50psi下氢化3小时。用硅藻土过滤混合物,浓缩滤液。残渣与乙醇(20mL)搅拌得到2g固体。固体与热甲醇(30mL)形成浆料,得到1.4g粗产物。从甲醇(150mL)中重结晶粗产物,得到(3S)-2-氨基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺盐酸盐(0.9g,46%),黄色固体:mp>260℃;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ11.05(s,1H),10.30(b,1H),8.40(b,3H),8.32(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.86(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.64(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),3.97(s,2H),2.72-2.51(m,3H),2.09-2.04(m,1H),1.90(s,3H);13CNMR(DMSO-d6)δ172.20,172.06,167.76,167.24,166.19,136.00,134.74,131.77,127.14,118.94,117.99,58.83,41.11,29.11,28.57,21.06;C16H17N4O5Cl+0.46H2O的分析计算值:C,49.39:H,4.64;N,14.40;Cl,9.11。实测值:C,49.18;H,4.48;N,14.20;Cl,9.08。
上述本发明的实施方案仅仅是例举性的,本领域的技术人员只需通过常规实验手段,就能够认识到或能够确定具体化合物、材料和方法的众多等同物。所有这些等同物被认为是在本发明范围内并被所附的权利要求所覆盖。
上面所引用的所有专利、专利申请和出版物的全部内容均被纳入本发明中。此外,本申请中对任何参考文献的引用均不构成认可这些参考文献是本发明的现有技术。结合所附权利要求可更好地理解本发明的全部范围。
Claims (27)
1.治疗、控制或预防疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包括给予需要这种治疗、控制或预防的患者治疗或预防有效量的4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或立体异构体,其中所述疾病或病症是癌症、与血管生成相关的病症、疼痛、黄斑变性或相关综合征、皮肤疾病、肺部病症、石棉相关的病症、寄生性疾病、免疫缺陷病症、CNS病症、CNS损伤、动脉硬化症或相关病症、睡眠不良或相关病症、血红蛋白病或相关病症、或者TNFα相关病症。
2.治疗、控制或预防疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包括给予需要这种治疗、控制或预防的患者治疗或预防有效量的(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,其中所述疾病或病症是癌症、与血管生成相关的病症、疼痛、黄斑变性或相关综合征、皮肤疾病、肺部病症、石棉相关的病症、寄生性疾病、免疫缺陷病症、CNS病症、CNS损伤、动脉硬化症或相关病症、睡眠不良或相关病症、血红蛋白病或相关病症、或者TNFα相关病症。
3.治疗、控制或预防与不希望的血管生成相关的疾病的方法,所述方法包括给予需要这种治疗、控制或预防的患者治疗或预防有效量的(3S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,其中所述疾病或病症是癌症、与血管生成相关的病症、疼痛、黄斑变性或相关综合征、皮肤疾病、肺部病症、石棉相关的病症、寄生性疾病、免疫缺陷病症、CNS病症、CNS损伤、动脉硬化症或相关病症、睡眠不良或相关病症、血红蛋白病或相关病症、或者TNFα相关病症。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所述的方法,还包括给予一种或多种额外的活性制剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中口服给予或肠胃外给予4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或立体异构体。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中口服给予4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或立体异构体。
7.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中口服给予或肠胃外给予(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中口服给予(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
9.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中口服给予或肠胃外给予(3S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中口服给予(3S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
11.药物组合物,包括4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或立体异构体。
12.药物组合物,包括(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
13.药物组合物,包括(3S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
14.如权利要求11、12或13所述的药物组合物,还包括一种或多种额外的活性制剂。
15.单一单位剂型,包括4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或立体异构体。
16.单一单位剂型,包括(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
17.单一单位剂型,包括(3S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
18.如权利要求15、16或17所述的单一单位剂型,还包括一种或多种额外的活性制剂。
19.如权利要求15、16或17所述的单一单位剂型,其适于口服给予或肠胃外给予。
20.如权利要求19所述的单一单位剂型,其适于口服给予。
21.如权利要求20所述的单一单位剂型,其是片剂或胶囊。
22.治疗、控制或预防疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包括给予需要这种治疗、控制或预防的患者治疗或预防有效量的4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮的前药,或该前药的药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,其中所述疾病或病症是癌症、与血管生成相关的病症、疼痛、黄斑变性或相关综合征、皮肤疾病、肺部病症、石棉相关的病症、寄生性疾病、免疫缺陷病症、CNS病症、CNS损伤、动脉硬化症或相关病症、睡眠不良或相关病症、血红蛋白病或相关病症、或者TNFα相关病症。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述前药是2-氨基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺。
24.治疗、控制或预防疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包括给予需要这种治疗、控制或预防的患者治疗或预防有效量的(3R)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮的前药,或该前药的药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,其中所述疾病或病症是癌症、与血管生成相关的病症、疼痛、黄斑变性或相关综合征、皮肤疾病、肺部病症、石棉相关的病症、寄生性疾病、免疫缺陷病症、CNS病症、CNS损伤、动脉硬化症或相关病症、睡眠不良或相关病症、血红蛋白病或相关病症、或者TNFα相关病症。
25.如权利要求24所述的方法,其中所述前药是(3R)-2-氨基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺。
26.治疗、控制或预防疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包括给予需要这种治疗、控制或预防的患者治疗或预防有效量的(3S)-4-氨基-2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-异吲哚-1,3-二酮的前药,或该前药的药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,其中所述疾病或病症是癌症、与血管生成相关的病症、疼痛、黄斑变性或相关综合征、皮肤疾病、肺部病症、石棉相关的病症、寄生性疾病、免疫缺陷病症、CNS病症、CNS损伤、动脉硬化症或相关病症、睡眠不良或相关病症、血红蛋白病或相关病症、或者TNFα相关病症。
27.如权利要求26所述的方法,其中所述前药是(3S)-2-氨基-N-[2-(3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-哌啶-3-基)-1,3-二氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-4-基]-乙酰胺。
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US6281230B1 (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 2001-08-28 | Celgene Corporation | Isoindolines, method of use, and pharmaceutical compositions |
US7091353B2 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2006-08-15 | Celgene Corporation | Isoindole-imide compounds, compositions, and uses thereof |
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2006
- 2006-01-24 AR ARP060100261A patent/AR052196A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-01-24 MX MX2007008903A patent/MX2007008903A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-01-24 AU AU2006208201A patent/AU2006208201A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-24 KR KR1020077019386A patent/KR20070099031A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-01-24 JP JP2007552380A patent/JP2008528514A/ja not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-24 BR BRPI0607239-9A patent/BRPI0607239A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-01-24 WO PCT/US2006/002503 patent/WO2006081251A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-01-24 EP EP06719389A patent/EP1848433A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-01-24 CA CA002595711A patent/CA2595711A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-24 CN CNA2006800081712A patent/CN101141960A/zh active Pending
- 2006-01-24 ZA ZA200707010A patent/ZA200707010B/xx unknown
- 2006-01-25 US US11/338,688 patent/US20060205787A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104557858A (zh) * | 2013-10-29 | 2015-04-29 | 上海医药工业研究院 | 一种泊利度胺的制备方法 |
CN106806366A (zh) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-06-09 | 兰州大学 | 一种异吲哚‑1,3‑二酮类化合物的新用途 |
CN106806366B (zh) * | 2016-12-29 | 2020-02-11 | 兰州大学 | 一种异吲哚-1,3-二酮类化合物的新用途 |
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CA2595711A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
MX2007008903A (es) | 2007-09-07 |
US20060205787A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
WO2006081251A3 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
IL184821A0 (en) | 2007-12-03 |
KR20070099031A (ko) | 2007-10-08 |
EP1848433A2 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
BRPI0607239A2 (pt) | 2009-08-25 |
ZA200707010B (en) | 2009-01-28 |
AR052196A1 (es) | 2007-03-07 |
JP2008528514A (ja) | 2008-07-31 |
WO2006081251A2 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
AU2006208201A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
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