CN101141181A - Uplink synchronous tracking method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an uplink synchronous tracking method comprising steps below: I. Reading a channel impact response sequence corresponding to a first intermediate code in a time slot for user equipments to fulfill duple interpolation and average estimated channel power after the interpolation according to antenna quantity; II. Filtering noise in light of calculated noise threshold to acquire a starting point, end point and a peak value point to duple sampling precision; III. Carrying out quadruple interpolation nearby approximate starting point, end point and peak value point obtained in step II to gain the starting point, end point and peak value point after the quadruple interpolation; IV. Creating synchronous control commands in compliance with the starting point, the end point and the peak value point after the quadruple interpolation in the step III, and V. Mapping synchronous control commands created in step IV into a downlink processing module.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the communications field, and more particularly, relate to a kind of uplink synchronization tracking method, it is particularly useful for TD SDMA (TD-SCDMA) mobile communication system.
Background technology
TD SDMA (TD-SCDMA) technology is compared with other 3G (Third Generation) Moblie technology, and one of its technical characterstic is to have the uplink synchronous technology.Uplink synchronous among the TD-SCDMA requires can arrive the base station synchronously from the upward signal of the different user terminals of different distance.Because mobile communication system is operated in the actual environment with serious interference, multipath transmisstion and Doppler effect, what realize ideal almost is impossible synchronously.But allow the main footpath of each upward signal reach synchronously the time of advent, the design that improves systematic function, simplification base station receiver is all had tangible benefit.In addition, it is pointed out that this place says be meant synchronously air interface synchronously, do not comprise between the network synchronously.
After subscriber equipment (UE) has been set up uplink synchronous, because UE moves, therefore it is to Node B (Node B, distance down together) is always changing, like this, and in whole communication process, Node B must detect the due in of the intermediate code of its ascending time slot incessantly, and the x time of UE carried out closed-loop control, keeping reliably synchronously, Here it is follows the tracks of synchronously.
The detailed process of uplink synchronous is: Node B can estimate transmitting power and skew launch time of UE at same time slot by the intermediate code of measuring each UE.UE in the available descending time slot of the next one, launches simultaneous bias order and power control command then, so that can suitably adjust its launch time and power according to these orders respectively.This has guaranteed the stability of uplink synchronous, can carry out uplink synchronous one time a subframe.The adjustment step-length of uplink synchronous is configurable and is provided with that span is 0.125～1chip (chip), the renewal of uplink synchronous have three kinds may situations: increase a step-length, a step-length of minimizing or remain unchanged.
The uplink synchronization tracking technical method that is used for the TD-SCDMA system at present has the intermediate code utilized to carry out the characteristic of channel estimating, joint detection algorithm, solve because the interference that uplink loss causes, the complexity of this method has certain degree of difficulty than higher when Project Realization.
And when Project Realization, industry generally adopts software (mainly being high-performance digital signal processor) to realize at present, and its shortcoming is with high costs.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, main purpose of the present invention is to provide the uplink synchronization tracking mechanism of the uplink synchronization tracking in a kind of TD-SCDMA of the realization system.It can be used as the part of the part of Node B baseband chip or Node B base band FPGA and plays a role.And when having reduced complexity, also reduced high manufacturing cost, help the realization of hardware.
To achieve these goals, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of uplink synchronization tracking method, may further comprise the steps: first step, read the pairing channel impulse response sequence of subscriber equipment first intermediate code in time slot, carry out two times of interpolations, and the average estimated channel power after the interpolation is averaged by antenna number; Second step, according to the noise gate that calculates gained, the elimination noise obtains starting point, end point and the peak point of two sampling precision; Third step according to starting point, end point and the peak point of the bigness scale that obtains, carries out four times of interpolations respectively in its vicinity in second step, obtain four times of starting point, end point and peak points after the interpolation; The 4th step produces synchronous control command according to the starting point after four times of interpolations that generate, end point and peak point in third step; And the 5th step, the Synchronization Control signaling that will produce in the 4th step is mapped in the downlink processing module.
Wherein, in third step, starting point, end point and peak point after four times of interpolations can have the octuple sampling precision.In the 4th step, can be further produce above-mentioned synchronous control command according to the historical information of former frames of subscriber equipment.And synchronous control command can be sent to corresponding user equipment in this subframe or next subframe.
Wherein, before the first step of this method, may further include following steps: steps A: carry out system configuration, and preserve the channel impulse response of all subscriber equipmenies of time slot; Step B: judge whether to exist the subscriber equipment of activation,, then start the synch command that subscriber equipment is carried out and calculate if there is the subscriber equipment that activates.
And, before the 5th step in the method, may further include following steps: step C: judge whether that all activated subscriber equipment in the time slot has all carried out synchronous tracking processing.
By technique scheme, the exchanges data between apparatus of the present invention and the external unit can realize by single port RAM, reduces the scale and the complexity of hardware circuit, and external interface is simple simultaneously, is convenient to integrated.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and, partly from specification, become apparent, perhaps understand by implementing the present invention.Purpose of the present invention and other advantages can realize and obtain by specifically noted structure in the specification of being write, claims and accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the application's a part, and illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation thereof are used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper qualification of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram according to the hardware unit of the uplink synchronous tracking device of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of uplink synchronization tracking method according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the detailed process flow chart of uplink synchronization tracking method according to a second embodiment of the present invention; And
Fig. 4 realizes schematic diagram according to streamline of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention below with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail.
First embodiment
At first describe the first embodiment of the present invention with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram according to the hardware unit 100 of the uplink synchronous tracking device of present embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, uplink synchronous tracking device 100 of the present invention comprises: two times of interpolations and power averaging unit 102 are used for the efficient channel impulse response of each subscriber equipment is carried out two times of linear interpolations, and the power of each point are averaged according to antenna; Bigness scale unit 104 is connected to two times of interpolations and power averaging unit, is used to obtain the power threshold of the thick side of time delay, and finds starting point, end point and peak point above threshold value; Four times of interpolations and accurate measurement unit 106 are connected to bigness scale unit 104, are used for carrying out near the starting point that is provided by bigness scale unit 104, end point and peak point respectively four times of interpolations, obtain four times of starting point, end point and peak points after the interpolation; Synchronous control command generation unit 108 is connected to four times of interpolations and accurate measurement unit 106, be used for according to the accurate measurement that provides by four times of interpolations and accurate measurement unit 106 to starting point, end point and peak point information generate synchronous control command; Synch command mapping and filler cells 110 are connected to synchronous control command generation unit 108, are used for synchronous control command is mapped to corresponding descending time slot; And main control unit 112, being connected to two times of interpolations and power averaging unit 102, bigness scale unit 104, four times of interpolations and accurate measurement unit 106, synchronous control command generation unit 108 and synch command hints obliquely at and filler cells 110, be used for each unit is dispatched and control connection, and carry out interface parameters and handle.
Wherein, bigness scale unit 104 can be with power greater than first point of power threshold as starting point, that is, and the time started of effectively impacting in the channel impulse response; Power last greater than power threshold can be put as end point, that is, and the concluding time of effectively impacting in the channel impulse response; Can be peak point greater than the more preceding of power threshold with continuous 2 power sum maximums and power, that is, and the time to peak that effectively impacts in the channel impulse response.
Channel impulse response waveform, channel estimation window and time slot desired value that synchronous control command generation unit 108 can generate by starting point, end point and the peak point information with accurate measurement compare and generate synchronous control command.Synchronous control command can be sent to corresponding user equipment in this subframe or next subframe.
And, can be kept in the main control unit 112 with the form of random access memory through synch command mapping and filler cells 110 mapped data results.
Synch command mapping and filler cells 110 are before shining upon, the ascending time slot that subscriber equipment uses is numbered in the uplink synchronous tracking device outside, and the synchronous adjustment character position that can fill synchronous control command in the descending time slot that uses of subscriber equipment is numbered.
In addition, the parameter that main control unit 112 is handled comprises uplink synchronous tracking device and outside input, output parameter interface, and the exchanges data between inner each subelement of device.
For each subscriber equipment, two times of interpolations in the uplink synchronous tracking device and power averaging unit 102, bigness scale unit 104, four times of interpolations and accurate measurement unit 106, synchronous control command generation unit 108 and synch command are hinted obliquely at filler cells 110 orders and are sent separately dispatching command, and after finishing dealing with, sending the sign of finishing dealing with to main control unit 112, main control unit 112 carries out starting next unit after data necessary is handled according to the sign of finishing dealing with.
Particularly, according to agreement, in order to keep synchronous, the degree of regulation of time is 1/8chip, therefore need carry out 8 samplings to the sampled point based on spreading rate that channel estimating obtains.As shown in Figure 1, in order to reduce operand, this synchronous follow-up device can be divided into six above-mentioned unit, i.e. the mapping of two times of interpolations and power averaging unit 102, bigness scale unit 104, four times of interpolations and accurate measurement unit 106, synchronous control command generation unit 108, synch command and filler cells 110, main control unit 112.The octuple sampling is finished by two times of interpolations and four times of interpolation cascades.
The channel impulse response that is input to uplink synchronous tracking device is that the base station receives the data that the midamble sign indicating number (intermediate code) of the time slot that UE sends obtains 128 chip lengths after average, includes the channel impulse response information of all users in this time slot.
Under the control of main control unit 112, carry out the synchronous tracking processing of each UE in the time slot.
Wherein, two times of interpolations and power averaging unit 102 carry out two times of linear interpolations to this impulse response after taking out the efficient channel impulse response of each UE, after then the power of each point being averaged according to antenna, deliver to bigness scale unit 104; Bigness scale unit 104 finds starting point above thresholding (point that promptly surpasses power threshold the earliest), end point (point that promptly surpasses power threshold the latest) and peak point (prominent point) according to the certain power thresholding, then these information is delivered to four times of interpolations and accurate measurement unit 106; Four times of interpolations and accurate measurement unit 106 carry out four times of interpolations respectively near starting point, end point and peak point, find four times of starting point, end point and peak points after the interpolation, this moment precision be the octuple interpolation, then with accurate measurement to starting point, end point and peak point information deliver to synchronous control command generation unit 108; Information that synchronous control command generation unit 108 arrives according to accurate measurement and the information of preserving according to history and desired value form Synchronization Control then according to certain rule order is in advance, delays or keep; The mapping of synch command and filler cells 110 are mapped to synchronous control command in the corresponding descending time slot and go.
This uplink synchronous tracking device all calls finish channel estimating in each ascending time slot after.The synchronous control command that produces is issued among the corresponding UE in this subframe or next subframe.
Next, will each unit of uplink synchronous tracking device of the present invention be elaborated respectively.
(1) two times of interpolation and power averaging unit 102:
Two times of interpolations and power averaging unit 102 at first obtain the Midamble sign indicating number skew original position of the UE of current activation from signaling processing module, effectively the skew of Midamble sign indicating number can have a plurality ofly, for the sake of simplicity, now only gets first.
What choose the road through is that CIR sequence (channel impulse response sequence, down together) carries out generating the interpolation point sequence after the twice interpolation.Interpolation point is obtained by each 3 weighted sums to interpolation factor before and after it.
To the sequence after the twice interpolation many groups should be arranged, one group of every reception antenna calculates power on each antenna to each sampling point of this sequence, forms a CIR power sequence, then to all antenna powers be averaged.
(2) the bigness scale unit 104:
At first, bigness scale unit 104 obtains the power threshold of time delay bigness scale.According to the signal interference ratio threshold value of upper-layer parameters configuration, obtain the power number of signal interference ratio thresholding, with its average interference power that multiply by tap, obtain the power threshold of time delay bigness scale.Performance number surpasses the sampling point of this thresholding and does not then think noise.
Secondly, the scanning front power calculation CIR power points sequence of trying to achieve have a few:
A) get first point the time started of power wherein for effectively impacting in the channel impulse response greater than power threshold;
B) get last point the concluding time of power wherein for effectively impacting in the channel impulse response greater than power threshold;
Then, get wherein continuous 2 points (as a, b) power sum maximum and its power more preceding (a) time to peak for effectively impacting in the channel impulse response greater than power threshold.
Wherein, the sampled point precision that obtains of bigness scale is two sampling values.
(3) four times of interpolations and accurate measurement unit 106:
The accurate measurement of four times of interpolations and accurate measurement unit 106 was finished by four times of interpolation and two steps of time delay accurate measurement.
If time started, concluding time, peak are denoted as Start, End, Peak, then for the certainty of measurement of the time delay accurate measurement that reaches 1/8chip, need between Start and the Start-1, between End and the End+1, carry out four times interpolation between Peak and the Peak+1.Interpolation method is with two times of interpolation, and the insertion point is still obtained by each 3 weighted sums to interpolation factor before and after it).
The power threshold of utilizing the time delay bigness scale to calculate equally, four times of interpolating sequences of scan power point have a few:
A) get first point the time started (Start is the octuple sampled point) of power wherein for effectively impacting among the CIR greater than power threshold;
B) get last point the concluding time (End is the octuple sampled point) of power wherein for effectively impacting among the CIR greater than power threshold;
C) getting power maximum wherein and its power is the time to peak (Peak is the octuple sampled point) that effectively impacts among the CIR greater than the point of power threshold.
(4) the synchronous control command generation unit 108:
CIR waveform that the measurement of synchronous control command generation unit 108 usefulness produces and channel estimation window and time slot desired value relatively can produce synchronous control command.
Synchronous tracking system essence is a kind of closed-loop control system, and its controlled target is that the channel impulse response with the user is limited in the channel window, and the peak value of impulse response should approach the target location of setting, can adopt based on adaptive control algorithm.
Synchronous control command is exactly according to starting point Start, end point End and peak point Peak with channel impulse response of 1/8 sampling precision, and the factors such as historical information of former frames of this UE, adopt different control strategies and the synchronous control command SS of the protocol compliant that produces regulation.
Judge at first whether starting point and end point exceed in the channel impulse response window, then according to exit window and not the situation of exit window handle respectively, simultaneously also need be from a plurality of Control Parameter on upper strata.
(5) mapping of synch command and filler cells 110:
At first, the mapping of synch command and filler cells 110 shine upon processing to each ascending time slot of each UE.This system need open up a memory cell and preserve the synchronous control command that each ascending time slot of the current subframe of this UE calculates.
UE produces synchronous control command at each ascending time slot of subframe, when subframe numbers SubSfn is adjusted frequency and divides exactly, issues new SS symbol, carries out the SS mapping.
On the SS character position that SS mapping is exactly synchronous control command mapping (inserting) that ascending time slot is produced in the descending time slot.Before mapping, need to finish following two steps work:
The ascending time slot that UE is used is numbered in this system outside and carries out, such as being finished by signaling processing module; The SS character position that can fill out synchronous control command in the descending time slot to this UE use is numbered.
The SS mapping is to insert corresponding UL_SC order on the SS character position with transmission on the current descending time slot.
Consider that when wireless link reconfigured, the mapping of SS has also changed, so this time, SS needed the mapping of reforming, and the value of SS is changed to 0x81 when reprovision, does not promptly move.
(6) main control unit 112:
Wherein, interface parameters comprises this device and outside input, output parameter interface, and the exchanges data between inner each subelement.These parameters and data preserve with the form of single port RAM and dual port RAM.
Before this device started, following the tracks of the channel impulse response data that will use a system parameters and a time slot in the processing procedure synchronously don't fail to be ready to, and is written among the special RAM.Externally under Ming Ling the control, start main control unit 112, will write among the RAM parameter and carry out simple process, be convenient to be distributed to a subelement.
Data result after the mapping that obtains at last will be kept at the form of RAM in the main control unit 112, for other module accesses.
The scheduling of five unit, front is finished in this main control unit 112, to each UE, sends dispatching command separately in order.After each cell processing is finished, all produce the sign of finishing dealing with and give main control unit 112, main control unit 112 carries out data necessary and handles the next unit of startup, back according to this sign.
Arrive this, the structure shown in Fig. 1 has realized a hardware unit that is used for TD-SCDMA system uplink synchronization tracking.
The uplink synchronous tracking device that the following describes is used for the digital baseband processing system of TD-SCDMA base station, finishes in uplink processing module the data after the channel estimating of eight antennas are handled.
Suppose three carrier waves of Base-Band Processing veneer processing of a base station, then finish the synchronous tracking processing of all three carrier waves with this device.These three carrier waves are serial process, after this device is finished a carrier wave, because this resume module speed is fast, will wait for the processing that starts next carrier wave, until the processing of finishing three carrier waves.
In a time slot, the maximum number of UE is made as 8, promptly will finish eight subsynchronous tracking at most and handle in a time slot.The channel impulse response sequence of eight antennas of each UE is the individual data of 128 * 8=1024 (1K), and eight UE are 8K data, all write among the RAM.
After this contrive equipment starts, after the main control unit 112 that started this device before this is distributed to the port of each unit with the parameter of a carrier wave, after judging the UE that need to handle, beginning starts the mapping and the filler cells 110 of two times of interpolations and power averaging unit 102, bigness scale unit 104, four times of interpolations and accurate measurement unit 106, synchronous control command generation unit 108 and synch command successively.
Second embodiment
With reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 uplink synchronization tracking method according to second embodiment of the invention is described below.Fig. 2 is the flow chart according to the uplink synchronization tracking method of second embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 3 is the detailed process flow chart according to the uplink synchronization tracking method of second embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 4 realizes schematic diagram according to streamline of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, uplink synchronization tracking method according to second embodiment of the invention may further comprise the steps: step S202, read the pairing channel impulse response sequence of subscriber equipment first intermediate code in time slot, carry out two times of interpolations, and the average estimated channel power after the interpolation is averaged by antenna number; Step S204, according to the noise gate that calculates gained, the elimination noise obtains starting point, end point and the peak point of two sampling precision; Step S206 according to starting point, end point and the peak point of the bigness scale that obtains, carries out four times of interpolations respectively in its vicinity in step S204, obtain four times of starting point, end point and peak points after the interpolation; Step S208 produces synchronous control command according to the starting point after four times of interpolations that generate, end point and peak point in step S206; And step S210, the Synchronization Control signaling that will produce in step S208 is mapped in the downlink processing module.
Wherein, in step S206, starting point, end point and peak point after four times of interpolations can have the octuple sampling precision.
In step S208, can be further produce synchronous control command according to the historical information of former frames of subscriber equipment.
Synchronous control command can be sent to corresponding user equipment in this subframe or next subframe.
Before first step S202, may further include following steps: steps A: carry out system configuration, and preserve the channel impulse response of all subscriber equipmenies of time slot; Step B: judge whether to exist the subscriber equipment of activation,, then start the synch command that subscriber equipment is carried out and calculate if there is the subscriber equipment that activates.
Before the 5th step S210, may further include following steps: step C: judge whether that all activated subscriber equipment in the time slot has all carried out synchronous tracking processing.
Particularly, as shown in Figure 3, the specific implementation step of uplink synchronization tracking method comprises:
(1) carries out the channel impulse response that system parameters disposed and preserved all UE of this time slot;
(2) judge whether the UE of activation,, just begin to start the calculating of this UE being carried out synch command in case the UE of activation is arranged;
(3) read first the Midmable sign indicating number pairing channel impulse response sequence of this UE in this time slot, carry out two times of interpolations, the average estimated channel power after the interpolation is averaged by antenna number;
(4) according to the noise gate that calculates gained, the elimination noise obtains starting point Start, end point End and the peak point Peak of two sampling precision;
(5) starting point Start, end point End and the peak point Peak of the bigness scale that obtains according to two times of interpolations carry out four times of interpolations respectively in its vicinity, obtain starting point Start, end point End and the peak point Peak of octuple sampling precision altogether;
(6) according to having starting point Start, end point End and the peak point Peak of the channel impulse response of octuple sampling precision, and the factors such as historical information of former frames of this UE, adopt different control strategies and the synchronous control command SS that produces.
(7) synchronous control command that step (6) is produced is mapped in the downlink processing module.
(8) judge whether all activated UE in this time slot has all carried out synchronous tracking and handled, if, show that then this synchronous follow-up device finished the operation of a time slot, wait the operation of pending next time slot; Otherwise, repeating step (2) is arrived step (7).
Other parts of present embodiment are all identical with first embodiment, so just repeat no more at this.
As shown in Figure 4, according to five unit in the uplink synchronous tracking device of the first embodiment of the present invention, carrying out five steps in the uplink synchronization tracking method with a UE, is that serial is carried out on time sequencing.Therefore for processing time of the synchronous tracking that reduces each UE, can adopt the mode of streamline to carry out, such as going on foot at second of a UE of execution, the first step of another UE that can bring into operation so can cause occurring the problem that needs increase the data space between the unit.But the data that each intermodule need exchange are little, so this scheme can significantly shorten the processing time increasing under the little situation of hardware size, given full play to software and realized not available advantage.
The above is the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, is not limited to the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and variation.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a uplink synchronization tracking method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
First step reads the pairing channel impulse response sequence of subscriber equipment first intermediate code in time slot, carries out two times of interpolations, and the average estimated channel power after the interpolation is averaged by antenna number;
Second step, according to the noise gate that calculates gained, the elimination noise obtains starting point, end point and the peak point of two sampling precision;
Third step according to described starting point, end point and the peak point of the bigness scale that obtains, carries out four times of interpolations respectively in its vicinity in described second step, obtain four times of starting point, end point and peak points after the interpolation;
The 4th step produces synchronous control command according to the described starting point after four times of interpolations that generate, end point and peak point in described third step; And
The 5th step, the described Synchronization Control signaling that will produce in described the 4th step is mapped in the downlink processing module.
2. uplink synchronization tracking method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in described third step, starting point, end point and peak point after described four times of interpolations have the octuple sampling precision.
3. uplink synchronization tracking method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in described the 4th step, further the historical information according to former frames of described subscriber equipment produces described synchronous control command.
4. uplink synchronization tracking method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described synchronous control command is sent to corresponding user equipment in this subframe or next subframe.
5. uplink synchronization tracking method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, before described first step, further may further comprise the steps:
Steps A: carry out system configuration, and preserve the channel impulse response of all subscriber equipmenies of time slot;
Step B: judge whether to exist the subscriber equipment of activation,, then start the synch command that described subscriber equipment is carried out and calculate if there is the subscriber equipment that activates.
6. uplink synchronization tracking method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, before described the 5th step, further may further comprise the steps:
Step C: judge whether that all activated subscriber equipment in the described time slot has all carried out synchronous tracking processing.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006101671352A CN101141181A (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2006-12-14 | Uplink synchronous tracking method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA2006101671352A CN101141181A (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2006-12-14 | Uplink synchronous tracking method |
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| CN101141181A true CN101141181A (en) | 2008-03-12 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103312648A (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-18 | 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 | Method and device for synchronization offset estimation of communication system, mobile terminal and base station |
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2006
- 2006-12-14 CN CNA2006101671352A patent/CN101141181A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103312648A (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-18 | 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 | Method and device for synchronization offset estimation of communication system, mobile terminal and base station |
| CN103312648B (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2016-04-06 | 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 | The synchronization offset estimation method of communication system and device, mobile terminal and base station |
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