CN101123961B - 快速释放的抗生素剂型 - Google Patents
快速释放的抗生素剂型 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101123961B CN101123961B CN2005800485251A CN200580048525A CN101123961B CN 101123961 B CN101123961 B CN 101123961B CN 2005800485251 A CN2005800485251 A CN 2005800485251A CN 200580048525 A CN200580048525 A CN 200580048525A CN 101123961 B CN101123961 B CN 101123961B
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- dosage form
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- carrageenin
- antibiotic
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Abstract
本发明涉及多颗粒药物剂型,其含有至少一种难于被含水介质润湿和难溶于含水介质的抗生素,和由角叉菜胶和磷酸三钙以及任选的蔗糖酯组成的组合,并且涉及含有置于饮用吸管中的该剂型以及任选携带液体的给药系统,其中所述用于单次给药的饮用吸管具有至少一个阻碍装置。
Description
所要求保护的本发明涉及多颗粒药物剂型,优选为挤出丸剂形式,其含有角叉菜胶和磷酸三钙以及任选至少一种蔗糖酯的组合和至少一种难于被含水介质润湿和/或难溶于含水介质的抗生素,并且涉及含有布置在饮用吸管中的该剂型的给药系统,优选用于单次给药的给药体系。
已经研究出对抗大多数病原细菌的抗生素,但是在其使用过程中通常会存在问题。
例如,许多抗生素在含水介质中具有低溶解度,即,在37℃下,在它们的最高剂量时它们仅仅难溶于或者不溶于pH值为1~7.5的含水介质,特别是≤250ml的相应标准缓冲溶液。在此,在对应于小肠环境生理pH值下存在的该低溶解度是特别不利的。事实上,抗生素应当在小肠中尽可能快的被利用,因为抗生素主要在那里被吸收。因此,为了获得最高的可能生物利用度,多种抗生素都优选以液剂或者混悬剂的形式进行给药。
此外,尽管进行了调味,但是许多抗生素通常还有特别苦的味道,因此患者,特别是儿童,并不情愿服用所述液剂或者混悬剂。
从而,在通常持续数天的抗生素治疗期间,更加难于激发患者完成治疗疗程。由此,患者不情愿服用药物通常会导致治疗的提前终止,这会对抗生素作用特别不利,比如,产生抗性。
这些给药形式的另一缺点是,为了同最终液剂或者混悬剂相比便于生产、运送和存储,抗生素通常市售为用于混悬剂的粉末。在给药紧前面才将干燥物质转化为混悬剂。然而,通常必须将制备得到的混悬剂保存在冷藏器中,并且如上所述,在数天时间内服用。
这意味着将使患者进一步不合意,因为在存储期间制备的混悬剂在味道上可能会产生渐进性恶化或者当长期放置时悬浮的部分可能会附聚,因此需要进行再分散,由此会损害剂量的准确性。此外,通常需要的混悬剂冷却同样将毫无疑问对抗生素的服用产生损害。
为了避免该缺点,还可以使用泡腾片剂制备混悬剂,一片片剂通常对应于单个剂量。这些新制备的液剂或者混悬剂对于患者仍然存在苦味。
通常必须在液体帮助下吞服的包装在小药囊中的粒剂、丸剂或者微片剂形式的服用干燥抗生素同样存在问题。尤其是儿童服用所述剂型存在问题。服用未用香料中和的剂型时,可能会发生在短时间内一些抗生素在口中就释放并且由此引起不合意的味道的情形。
当按照上述方式服用干燥制剂时,还不能确保全部必需剂量得到吞服或者快速吞服,使得任何仅仅暂时性的味道遮蔽作用充分有效。
为了避免上述问题,已经开发了将抗生素布置在饮用吸管中的剂型,优选为多颗粒形式,籍此在传送液体的帮助下该剂型被患者服用。采用这种服用方式时,多颗粒剂型特别有利地采用颗粒尺寸不超过800μm的圆形、球状丸剂,因为这种颗粒可以通过患者吸取传送液体得到轻易传送,由此可以得到全部服用。
然而,必须注意,优选考虑到儿童的吞咽行为,需要确保颗粒的体积和质量尽可能小,这需要多颗粒剂型具有升高的活性成分负载量。已知升高的活性成分负载量特别是可以利用挤出丸剂得到实现,所述丸剂能够另外提供期望的光滑性,优选为球形。然而,该类剂型的一个缺点在于,由于在常规制造方法中需要使用辅助剂,因此所得剂型通常具有非常密实的结构,由此不能在水或者含水介质中崩解或者至多非常缓慢地崩解或者仅仅部分崩解。已知这会导致活性成分延迟释放,特别是在难于被含水介质润湿和/或难溶于含水介质的抗生素的情形中。如上所述,如果所述不良润湿性或者不良溶解性在上部小肠环境的生理pH值下存在时,这尤其适用。从而,就不能以显著程度释放抗生素,直至达到肠管下部。
然而,在多种抗生素情况下,这会妨碍充分的生物利用度,因为它们主要在小肠上部吸收。当使用已知的滚圆试剂(比如微晶纤维素、低取代的羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素)时,尤其可以观察到上述的剂型低溶解速率和由此导致的活性成分延迟释放,不过,实际上还会产生期望的(即球状、成型和具有光滑表面的)丸剂和产生较窄的颗粒尺寸分布,引起活性成分的延迟、扩散-控制释放,特别是如果抗生素难溶于含水介质和/或难于被润湿时。
在使用所述滚圆试剂辅助制备的挤出丸剂时,在溶解存在并且优选抵抗唾液和/或胃液以及优选执行味道中和功能的包衣之后,还可以观察到更强的程度。即使在pH-依赖溶解包衣之后,即使进行了预溶胀或者加入了崩解剂,丸剂的崩解也是非常缓慢或者根本不崩解,因此会延迟抗生素的释放和限制生物利用度。
据此,本发明的目的是提供难于被含水介质润湿和/或难溶于含水介质的抗生素的固体多颗粒剂型,所述剂型,特别是在pH值对应于小肠生理pH值的含水介质中,显示出快速溶解速率并且由此众所周知的在吸收窗口中产生抗生素的快速生物利用度。
上述目的通过提供根据本发明的多颗粒药物剂型,优选挤出丸剂形式的药物剂型得以实现,所述剂型含有角叉菜胶和磷酸三钙以及任选至少一种蔗糖酯的组合和至少一种难于被含水介质润湿和/或难溶于含水介质的抗生素,其中所述剂型在6-7的pH值下,在30分钟内释放至少85%的抗生素。
该快速溶解速率和由此产生的活性成分的事实非延迟释放根据下文中所述的公开于“Guidance for Industry,Waiver of In VivoBioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies for Immediate-Release SolidOral Dosage Forms based on a Biopharmaceutics Classification System,第1-3/7页,U.S.Department of Health and Human Services出版,Food andDrug Administration,Center for Drug Evaluation and Research(CDER),2000年8月,BP”中的方法进行确定。
如果利用微晶纤维素制造的已知挤出丸剂具有胃液-抵抗和/或味道-中和涂层,那么该升高的溶解速率尤其不能得到实现,因为一旦所述薄膜包衣被溶解,就可以观察到所述剂型的进一步延迟崩解,由此同相应的无包衣丸剂相比,在小肠中的释放被进一步延迟,和其生物利用度从而得到削弱。
由此,更为惊奇地发现,根据本发明的剂型即使具有胃液-抵抗包衣,例如用于味道中和的包衣,一旦所述包衣得到溶解,就在小肠的生理pH值6-7下表现出迅速溶解,并且由此在30分钟时间内引起难于被含水介质润湿和/或难溶于含水介质的抗生素至少85%被释放。
因此,根据本发明提供的具有整饰的剂型特别是可以制成挤出物,其可以通过滚圆法转化为圆形丸剂。因此,由于可能升高的活性成分负载量,因此同混悬剂相比,需要的味道中和作用降低,并且一旦任何包衣得到溶解,其在6-7的pH值下具有快速溶解速率,通过挤出获得的含有角叉菜胶和磷酸三钙的多颗粒剂型特别适宜于作为根据本发明的剂型。
相对于剂型的总重量,优选根据本发明的剂型含有5~30wt.%的角叉菜胶,优选κ-角叉菜胶。
优选在根据本发明的剂型中,磷酸三钙与角叉菜胶的重量比为1:1~1:10,特别优选1:2~1:6。
根据本发明的组合物的剂型优选适用于难于被含水介质润湿和/或难溶于含水介质中的抗生素,所述低溶解性根据上述公开文献“Guidancefor Industry”进行定义和分类。优选适宜的抗生素选自盘尼西林类、头孢菌素类和大环内酯类,特别优选阿莫西林、克拉霉素、阿奇霉素(单或者二水合物)、头孢克肟、头孢泊肟和/或头孢泊肟酯。
除了角叉菜胶和磷酸三钙的组合之外,优选根据本发明的剂型还可以另外含有至少一种蔗糖酯作为辅助剂,优选辅助剂的HLB值为10-16,特别优选13-15。根据本发明的剂型此外还可以含有填料、结合剂、滑爽剂、染料或者防腐剂作为辅助物质。
根据本发明的剂型,比如挤出丸剂,不含有微晶纤维素或者其它滚圆辅助剂(比如低取代程度的羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、粉末纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮),条件是它们不具有包衣,即在无涂层颗粒(比如挤出丸剂)中不存在所述辅助物质。
在优选的实施方案中,根据本发明的剂型具有至少一层包衣,特别是具有胃液-抵抗和/或味道-中和包衣,优选所述包衣进而施加在分离芯体和包衣的保护涂层上。
取决于包衣的性质和功能,相对于剂型的总重量,优选这些包衣以1~50wt.%的量施加。
优选适用于胃液-抵抗包衣的材料为甲基丙烯酸/(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,特别优选比例为1:1~1:2的甲基丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物(比如或者),非常特别优选甲基丙烯酸/丙烯酸乙酯的1:1共聚物(比如EudragitEudragit L),它们在≥5.5的pH值下迅速溶解。此外,可以将本领域熟练技术人员熟知的基于纤维素或者基于虫胶的包衣用作胃液-抵抗包衣。所述包衣可以用适当的在有机或含水介质中的溶液或者分散体进行施加,优选含水介质。优选适宜的唾液-抵抗包衣是基于Eudragit E或者Eudragit EP0的包衣。
本领域技术人员应当认识到,应当或者可以将常规的增塑剂、染料、滑爽剂(比如滑石、硬脂酸镁和/或单硬脂酸甘油酯)加入到已知的包衣材料中。
根据本发明,“胃液”意指天然的胃液组合物和本领域技术人员熟知的与胃液类似的人工制剂(pH1.2-2)。类似地,“在小肠中释放”意指在天然小肠液中释放和在类似于小肠液的pH值为6-7的制剂中释放,优选pH值为6.4-6.8,如相关药典中所定义。
根据本发明的剂型的特征在于,一旦任选存在的包衣被预先溶解,它们显示出升高的溶解速率和85%的抗生素在30分钟内释放。优选该升高的溶解速率在pH值为6.4-6.8下发生。
所述包衣的pH-依赖溶解持续时间可以通过简单先导试验在适当的标准缓冲溶液中进行确定。
根据本发明的剂型通过以下方法进行制备:对原料进行混合、粒化、挤出、细分和任选进行成形,优选进行滚圆,任选对其进行分级和任选对其提供唾液和/或胃液-抵抗或者味道-中和包衣。
优选通常在低pH值显示出较好溶解性的抗生素用胃液-抵抗包衣进行保护,因为这在为借助优选的饮料服用饮用吸管中的剂型提供了理想的味道遮蔽帮助,所述饮料比如,例如为可乐或者果汁。
本领域技术人员已知,可以将所述组分同时或者顺序加入到混合物中。同样地,混合作用可以在已知的混合器或者成粒器中进行,从而使得混合、成粒和挤出任选可以同时进行。成粒作用可以通过湿式成粒进行处理,优选用水或者含水溶剂。适宜的溶剂是本领域熟练技术人员熟知的溶剂。
在各种情况下,滚圆、挤出和包衣可以在本领域技术人员已知的装置中进行。优选可以使用流化床装置进行包衣。
在特别优选的根据本发明的剂型中,所述多颗粒剂型采用球状挤出丸剂的形式。根据包括具有优选的移动阻碍装置的饮用吸管的给药系统,如WO03/079957、WO2004/000202、WO2004/000264中所述,优选可以将所述丸剂在其中布置成单次剂量并且利用传送液体将其给药至患者。
在所述公开文献中所述的给药系统的描述在此引入作为参考并且将其视为本发明公开内容的一部分。
本发明还提供了给药系统,所述给药系统包括布置在用于在传送液体的辅助下给药至人类患者的具有至少一个优选的移动阻碍装置的饮用吸管中的根据本发明的剂型,优选作为单次剂量的剂型。
适宜的传送液体为无颗粒饮料,优选含水液体,比如,例如为水(优选矿泉水)、茶、果汁、可口可乐、碳酸饮料,当使用胃液-抵抗涂覆的多颗粒剂型(比如,例如为挤出丸剂)时,优选其中传送液体具有酸性pH值。
根据本发明的剂型的活性成分释放或者其溶解速率利用“Guidancefor Industry,Waiver of In Vivo Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studiesfor Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms based on aBiopharmaceutics Classification System,第1-3/7页,U.S.Department ofHealth and Human Services出版,Food and Drug Administration,Center forDrug Evaluation and Research(CDER),2000年8月,BP”中的方法和分类进行确定。
将根据US Pharmacopeia的具有桨式搅拌器的释放装置用于该目的,在37℃的释放介质温度下、于100min-1的转速在实施例所述的时间内和实施例中所述的释放介质中,测量释放过程。在任意时刻释放的活性成分的具体量通过HPLC或者UV光度法进行确定。根据上述公开文献中的分类方法,即时-释放的固体剂型被视为是具有升高的溶解速率的剂型,在具有特定pH值的预定缓冲溶液中,至少85%的存在于所述剂型中的活性成分在15~30分钟内被溶解。
实施例
无包衣粒剂
实施例1
具有上述组成的挤出丸剂通过以下方法进行制备:在高速混合器中混合原料,然后进行湿式粒化,和在低于35℃下挤出温度下,将湿润的颗粒挤出通过具有0.5×0.5mm挤出模头的挤出机。在适宜的滚圆器中对上述挤出物进行滚圆,并且在流化床中将所得丸粒干燥至残留含水量低于10%。通过筛选法对干燥的丸粒进行分级,将筛选操作中所有250~710μm的级分合并。
首先在37℃下,在900ml磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.4)中,根据上述方法,在100min-1的转速下对这些无包衣丸剂的释放测定60分钟。以下值显示了的三次平行测定的相应释放分布。
克拉霉素的释放
对比实施例1
如实施例1中所述,制备具有以下组成的挤出丸剂:
根据上述方法,在900ml pH值为6.4的缓冲溶液中,对无包衣丸剂中的活性成分的释放进行测定并且将其列表如下:
上述值表明,通过湿式挤出和用微晶纤维素滚圆制备的丸剂不会崩解,并且不能充分迅速地释放活性成分。
对比实施例4-11
如实施例1中所述,利用250mg克拉霉素和表1中所列的辅助物质制备挤出丸剂。根据上述方法,克拉霉素在900ml pH6.8的缓冲溶液中和在150转/分下的释放同样列于表1中。其中数值表明,单独使用角叉菜胶NF(Gelcarin GP-911)或者将其与其它滚圆辅助剂相结合获得的丸剂都不能迅速崩解和充分迅速地释放活性成分。
只有使用根据本发明的角叉菜胶和磷酸三钙的组合时,由此获得的丸剂才具有微溶或者低润湿性抗生素的必需迅速释放。
实施例2
如实施例1中所述,制备具有以下组成的挤出丸剂:
根据上述方法,在900ml pH值为6.8的缓冲溶液中,对无包衣丸剂中的活性成分的释放进行测定并且将其列表如下:
实施例3
包衣粒剂
用以下组成的含水分散体涂覆一些得自于实施例1的丸剂:
用于具体包衣的分散体组成:
所述丸剂首先在在产品温度为45℃的流化床装置中用固体含量为11wt.%的含水分散体进行涂覆,然后用固体含量为15wt.%的含水分散体进行涂覆,相对于丸剂的重量,形成至多10wt.%的重量增加,作为保护包衣,然后为了获得胃液-保护涂膜,在引入热空气的同时,在30℃的产品温度下,相对于丸剂和保护包衣的重量,形成直至30wt.%的重量增加,并且,在降低的热空气流量下,对其进行干燥,直至产品温度为40℃和残留含水量<10%。
根据上述方法,在100min-1的转速下,首先在300ml pH2的缓冲溶液中保持30分钟,然后在1000ml pH6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液中保持60分钟,对包衣丸剂中活性成分的释放进行测定。
获得以下释放值:
从包衣丸剂中的释放
pH=2,30min→pH=6.8,60min
对比实施例2
如实施例1中所述,制备具有以下组成的挤出丸剂:
对所得挤出丸粒涂覆组成如下的含水分散体:
用于包衣的含水分散体的组成
相对于丸剂重量,由包衣产生的重量增加为18wt.%。
根据上述方法,在900ml pH值为6.4的缓冲溶液中,对一些包衣丸剂中的活性成分的释放进行测定并且将其列表如下:
尽管所述包衣在pH6.4下迅速溶解,但是丸剂的释放非常缓慢,因为其中丸剂不存在可观察到的崩解。
根据上述方法,首先在300ml pH2溶液中放置30分钟,然后在100ml pH6.8溶液中放置,对一些包衣丸剂中的活性成分的释放进行测定并且将其列表如下:
丸剂在胃液中溶胀,不过包衣在pH值为2时并不溶解。然而,所述包衣可以透过水。尽管如此,即使在pH6.8下完全溶解之后,其释放也相对于无包衣丸剂显著延迟,并且丸剂没有崩解。
实施例4
如实施例1中所述,制备具有以下组成的挤出丸剂:
利用合并的颗粒尺寸为250~710μm的筛分级分,根据上述方法,在900ml磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.8)中保持30分钟,对无包衣丸剂中活性成分的释放进行确定,并且将其列于下表中:
如实施例3中所述,相对于丸剂重量,一些挤出丸剂还涂覆有重量增加直至2wt.%的以下组成的含水分散体:
含水包衣分散体的组分
在pH6.8下,在900ml缓冲溶液中10分钟,根据上述方法测定的释放显示以下值:
上述释放值表明,包衣和无包衣阿莫西林丸剂的释放分布事实上是相同的。这清楚表明,并不是仅仅用于提供味道遮蔽的包衣,而是根据本发明的剂型的组合物能够在小肠环境中非常迅速的释放并且由此提高生物利用度。
对比实施例3
如实施例1中所述,制备具有以下组分的挤出丸剂:
根据上述方法,在900ml pH值为6.8的缓冲溶液中,对上述挤出丸剂中的活性成分的释放进行测定并且将其列表如下:
如实施例3中所述,相对于丸剂重量,一些挤出丸剂还涂覆有重量增加直至2wt.%的具有以下组成的含水分散体:
在pH1.2下,在900ml缓冲溶液中放置90分钟,根据上述方法测定的释放显示以下值:
实施例5
如实施例1中所述,制备具有以下组成的挤出丸剂:
如实施例3中所述,合并的颗粒尺寸为250~710μm的筛分级分用如下所述的包衣分散体进行包衣:
含水包衣分散体的组成
根据上述方法,在37℃下,在900ml磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.4)中,对上述包衣丸剂中的活性成分的释放进行测定并且将其列表如下:
Claims (19)
1.一种多颗粒药物剂型,其含有角叉菜胶和磷酸三钙以及任选至少一种蔗糖酯的组合与至少一种难于被含水介质润湿和/或难溶于含水介质的抗生素,其特征在于,所述抗生素为大环内酯类,其中相对于剂型的总重量,其含有5~50wt.%的角叉菜胶,磷酸三钙与角叉菜胶的量的重量比为1∶1~1∶10,所述蔗糖酯显示出为10-16的HLB。
2.根据权利要求1的剂型,其特征在于它采用挤出丸剂的形式。
3.根据权利要求1的剂型,其特征在于,所述蔗糖酯显示出13-15的HLB。
4.根据权利要求1或者权利要求2的剂型,其特征在于,相对于剂型的总重量,其含有20-30wt.%的角叉菜胶。
5.根据权利要求4的剂型,其特征在于,所述角叉菜胶是κ-角叉菜胶。
6.根据权利要求1或者权利要求2的剂型,其特征在于,磷酸三钙与角叉菜胶的量的重量比为1∶2~1∶6。
7.根据权利要求1的剂型,其特征在于,相对于剂型的总重量,蔗糖酯的量为1-10wt.%。
8.根据权利要求7的剂型,其特征在于,相对于剂型的总重量,蔗糖酯的量为4-6wt.%。
9.根据权利要求1的剂型,其特征在于,所述抗生素为克拉霉素或阿奇霉素单或者二水合物。
10.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的剂型,其特征在于,所述剂型含有胃液-抵抗和/或唾液-抵抗、味道-中和包衣。
11.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的剂型,其特征在于,颗粒的尺寸<800μm。
12.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的剂型,其特征在于,它在6-7的pH值下表现出升高的溶解速率。
13.根据权利要求12的剂型,其特征在于,在pH值为6-7下,所述抗生素在30分钟内至少释放85%的量。
14.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的剂型,其特征在于,所述剂型含有克拉霉素和包含味道-中和包衣。
15.一种用于生产根据权利要求1或权利要求2的剂型的方法,其特征在于,对原料进行混合、粒化、挤出、细分、滚圆、任选进行分级和任选提供唾液-抵抗和/或胃液-抵抗和/或味道-中和包衣。
16.根据权利要求15的方法,其特征在于,对原料混合物进行湿润粒化。
17.一种给药系统,包括布置在饮用吸管中的根据权利要求1~14任一项的剂型,所述饮用吸管具有至少一个移动阻碍装置,用于单次给药。
18.根据权利要求17的给药系统,其特征在于,所述剂型为圆形的挤出丸剂形式。
19.一种试剂盒,包括根据权利要求17或权利要求18的给药系统和具有酸性pH值的传送液体,其中所述剂型为胃液-抵抗涂覆的多颗粒剂型。
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DE102005042875A DE102005042875A1 (de) | 2004-12-23 | 2005-09-08 | Schnell freisetzende Darreichungsformen für Antibiotika |
PCT/EP2005/056795 WO2006069920A1 (de) | 2004-12-23 | 2005-12-14 | Schnell freisetzende darreichungsformen für antibiotika |
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EP (1) | EP1830849B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5197015B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101123961B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE447951T1 (zh) |
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ES (1) | ES2336588T3 (zh) |
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DE102006059510A1 (de) | 2006-12-14 | 2008-06-19 | Grünenthal GmbH | Beschichtete Pellets |
WO2011014201A1 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-03 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Catheter having improved drainage and/or a retractable sleeve and method of using the same |
EP2464411B1 (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2016-01-06 | C.R. Bard Inc. | Catheter having internal hydrating fluid storage and/or catheter package using the same and method of making and/or using the same |
DK3078393T3 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2018-01-02 | Bard Inc C R | Catheter device / package using a hydrating / hydrogel lining |
US9033149B2 (en) | 2010-03-04 | 2015-05-19 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Catheter assembly/package utilizing a hydrating/hydrogel sleeve and a foil outer layer and method of making and using the same |
US8998882B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2015-04-07 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Enhanced pre-wetted intermittent catheter with lubricious coating |
CA2905367A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | Banner Life Sciences Llc | Non-gelatin enteric soft capsules |
CN106309371B (zh) * | 2015-06-30 | 2020-07-03 | 北京福元医药股份有限公司 | 一种头孢克肟纳米分散体及其制备方法 |
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- 2005-12-14 EP EP05850456A patent/EP1830849B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-12-14 DE DE502005008510T patent/DE502005008510D1/de active Active
- 2005-12-14 CN CN2005800485251A patent/CN101123961B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-14 PL PL05850456T patent/PL1830849T3/pl unknown
- 2005-12-14 JP JP2007547462A patent/JP5197015B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-14 ES ES05850456T patent/ES2336588T3/es active Active
- 2005-12-14 AT AT05850456T patent/ATE447951T1/de active
- 2005-12-14 WO PCT/EP2005/056795 patent/WO2006069920A1/de active Application Filing
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EP0276781A2 (en) * | 1987-01-26 | 1988-08-03 | Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha | Granular agent for ruminant and production method thereof |
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JP2008525367A (ja) | 2008-07-17 |
EP1830849A1 (de) | 2007-09-12 |
PL1830849T3 (pl) | 2010-04-30 |
IL184009A0 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
DE102005042875A1 (de) | 2006-09-21 |
US20080050446A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
ATE447951T1 (de) | 2009-11-15 |
EP1830849B1 (de) | 2009-11-11 |
DE502005008510D1 (de) | 2009-12-24 |
WO2006069920A1 (de) | 2006-07-06 |
US8361506B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 |
ES2336588T3 (es) | 2010-04-14 |
IL184009A (en) | 2010-11-30 |
HK1112402A1 (zh) | 2008-09-05 |
CN101123961A (zh) | 2008-02-13 |
JP5197015B2 (ja) | 2013-05-15 |
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