Summary of the invention
But recently, above-mentioned existing oblique tray type compressor uses under the few condition of high speed, high loading and lubricants capacity.Thereby recently the working conditions of oblique tray type compressor is harsh day by day, so, violent as the abrasion of the swash plate of slide unit, crawler shoe, and have the problem that is easy to generate ablation.
And then, in order to improve the sliding properties of crawler shoe, on the slipping plane of crawler shoe, implement surface treatment in the past, or implemented the improvement on surface, yet, the shortcoming that exists the crawler shoe manufacturing cost to increase so handled.
The present inventor distinguishes through research, on the slipping plane of crawler shoe, form small concavo-convex, lubricating oil is imported wherein, be effective for the oilness of the slipping plane that improves swash plate and crawler shoe.
As making so small concavo-convex existing working method on slipping plane, for example known have etch method, machining, rolling forming, little ball blast (マ ィ Network ロ シ ョ ッ ト), an electrodischarge machining(E.D.M.).But, the working method of generally understanding with so existing quilt on the slipping plane of crawler shoe, make small concavo-convex words can produce below such shortcoming, that is, and in existing working method, be difficult to evenly form the concavo-convex of not enough number μ m smoothly on slipping plane, concavo-convex surfaceness is big.And, the manufacturing cost height.Have such shortcoming in addition, that is, if slipping plane is implemented following process after concavo-convex above-mentioned on slipping plane, formation like that, above-mentioned concavo-convex can disappearance.
In view of the foregoing, the invention provides a kind of manufacture method of slide unit, the slipping plane irradiating laser of slide unit or electron beam are implemented to quench, on the surface of described slipping plane, produce the different position of hardness thus;
Then the surface of described slipping plane being eliminated makes the surface of described slipping plane once become level and smooth face;
Then, described slipping plane is implemented polishing processing and on this slipping plane, form small concavo-convex.
In addition, the manufacture method of slide unit of the present invention, it is characterized in that, laser or electron beam are shone on the slipping plane of slide unit according to drawing out the many parallel lines or the concentrically ringed mode that separate with prescribed distance P, in described laser of irradiation or electron beam, quenching width B is according to the rules implemented quench treatment to described slipping plane, and, make to produce the different position of hardness on the surface of described slipping plane, on described slipping plane, form small concavo-convex;
The ratio P/B of described spacing P and quenching width B is configured to: 0.4≤P/B≤4.0, but do not comprise P/B=1 and P/B=0.5.
According to such manufacture method, can be reliably on the slipping plane of slide unit, form uniformly small concavo-convex.And, on such slipping plane, have in the small concavo-convex slide unit, lubricating oil can be imported described concavo-convex in, thereby can improve the ablation resistance of slide unit.
And then, set the relation of described spacing P and quenching width B for above-mentioned ratio, thus as described later shown in the test-results like that, the slide unit of ablation resistance excellence can be provided.
Embodiment
With regard to illustrated embodiment explanation the present invention, among Fig. 1, carriage 1 is set in the housing of oblique tray type compressor below.Described carriage 1 constitutes by swash plate 3 with a plurality of crawler shoes 4 that described swash plate 3 slides, and this swash plate 3 is mounted obliquely within on the turning axle 2, and 2 on this turning axle is in above-mentioned housing.
Swash plate 3 forms discoid, and two end faces on the described swash plate 3 become smooth slipping plane 3A, the 3A that slides with crawler shoe 4.
On the other hand, form on the whole as the crawler shoe 4 of slide unit hemispherical, the slipping plane 4A that slides by slipping plane 3A and be hemispheric hemispherical convex surface 4B and constitute with above-mentioned swash plate 3.
In the housing of above-mentioned oblique tray type compressor, parallel with turning axle 2 and it is being disposed a plurality of pistons 5 around landing.In the circular-arc notch 5A of an end that is formed at each piston 5, keeping two one group crawler shoe 4 sliding freely, the peripheral part that notch 5A under this state is surrounded above-mentioned swash plate 3 is configured, and, with the slipping plane 4A of each group crawler shoe 4 and the slipping plane 3A butt of swash plate 3.
The just rotation of words swash plate 3 of above-mentioned turning axle 2 rotations, slipping plane 4A as the crawler shoe 4 of the slipping plane 3A of the both ends of the surface of swash plate 3 and each group slides, and, the hemispherical convex surface 4B of the crawler shoe 4 of notch 5A and each group slides, thereupon, in the axial direction advance and retreat mobile by each group crawler shoe 4 each piston 5.
Said structure is not compared with existing known carriage and is changed.
But the crawler shoe 4 of present embodiment is made of the SUJ2 as iron type materials, and the slipping plane 4A of the general planar that is formed by end face, its central side form than outer peripheral edges and swell the central high shape of (about 2 μ m) slightly.Form thus, lubricating oil is introduced in the shape between two slipping plane 4A, the 3A easily when the slipping plane 3A of slipping plane 4A and above-mentioned swash plate 3 slides.
And in the present embodiment, on whole zone, implement laser quenching as the slipping plane 4A of the crawler shoe 4 of slide unit, and implement following process then, make the ablation resistance of slipping plane 4A improve thus.
That is, the manufacturing process of the crawler shoe in the present embodiment 4 is described, at first, make hemispheric crawler shoe 4 as mother metal with SUJ2.Then, as Fig. 2 and as shown in Figure 4, to end face as the crawler shoe 4 of mother metal, i.e. the surperficial whole zone of slipping plane 4A uniform distances P irradiation YAG laser according to the rules, and make the laser scanning many parallel lines A that draw.In the present embodiment, above-mentioned spacing P sets 0.1~1mm for.
The YAG output power of laser that shines on the above-mentioned slipping plane 4A is 50W, laser is adjusted, the focus of YAG laser is concentrated on apart from the dark position of the surperficial 2mm of slipping plane 4A, therefore, the above-mentioned YAG laser of drawing out parallel lines A is out of focus (デ Off ォ one カ ス) and shines on the surface of slipping plane 4A state.
Like this, swell as shown in Figure 4 at the position of lip-deep each parallel lines A of having shone the slipping plane 4A of laser, becomes the cross section and be roughly circular-arc protrusion 6, becomes the recess 7 of the groove of linearity between these adjacent protrusions 6.That is, by as mentioned above like that with laser radiation to slipping plane 4A, on the surface of this slipping plane 4A, form small concavo-convex by the protrusion 6 of a plurality of linearities and recess 7.The height of above-mentioned protrusion 6 (degree of depth of recess 7) is roughly about 0.1~1 μ m.
Like this, by irradiating laser on slipping plane 4A, and quenched in the surperficial whole zone of this slipping plane 4A.As shown in Figure 4, the scope of being quenched by above-mentioned such irradiating laser on slipping plane 4A, with the surface as the irradiation position (each parallel lines A) of laser is that the center is the cross section semicircle, and the irradiation position of laser and the position of both sides and interior side's side thereof are quenched.
That is, interior side's side of protrusion 6 and depth direction thereof (zones till the about 70 μ m of the degree of depth of the upper side of the circular-arc dotted line 8 among Fig. 4) becomes direct quenching portion 11.
Quenching width B by the direct quenching portion 11 that forms at the position of each parallel lines A irradiating laser is set at 0.25mm, carries out direct quenching till the position of the recess 7 that is positioned at protrusion 6 both sides.
In the present embodiment, the spacing P that adjacent parallel lines A separates is set at 0.1~1mm, and the quenching width B is set at 0.25mm, thereby, to the position irradiating laser of adjacent parallel lines A and carry out quench treatment, quenched once more in the position that becomes rising recess 7 along with in turn.Therefore, the position of the inboard of recess 7 becomes the double quenching portion 12 that the cross section is del.
In addition, the FX of the depth direction inboard of above-mentioned direct quenching portion 11 and double quenching portion 12 (dotted line 13 of waveform and the zone between the above-mentioned dotted line 8) becomes thickness and is about inside quenched case 14 about 50 μ m.That is, implemented laser quenching at the inside quenched case 14 of above-mentioned direct quenching portion 11, double quenching portion 12 and the inboard adjacent with them.
In the present embodiment, when the hardness of direct quenching portion 11 is that the hardness of H1, double quenching portion 12 is that the hardness of H2, inner quenched case 14 is the hardness of the mother metal of H3, crawler shoe 4 when being H, make their hardness difference, the relation of their hardness is as follows:
H1>H2>H>H3
That is, the slipping plane 4A after face side is observed laser quenching, protrusion 6 and recess 7 are adjacent to form alternately, and, the hardness difference that these positions form by laser quenching on face side and depth direction.
Incidentally, in the test that the present inventor carries out, be that 0.2mm, above-mentioned quenching width B are under the situation of 0.25mm for example at above-mentioned spacing P, hardness H1=Hv850, H2=Hv800, H=Hv750, H3<Hv750.
In the present embodiment, by above-mentioned spacing P with the mode of drawing out many parallel lines A slipping plane 4A irradiating laser to crawler shoe 4, and to quenching on the whole surface of slipping plane 4A, and, on the surface of slipping plane 4A and depth direction, produce different hardness thus.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the spacing P that above-mentioned adjacent parallel lines A separates and the ratio P/B of quenching width B are set in 0.4~4.0 the scope.
And then, in the present embodiment, as described above and after implementing quench treatment to slipping plane 4A irradiating laser, at implementing attrition process till the position shown in the dotted line 15 of surface in Fig. 4 of slipping plane 4A, concavo-convex the eliminating that above-mentioned protrusion 6 and recess 7 are formed.
The degree of depth that the surface of slipping plane 4A is eliminated by attrition process is configured to protrusion 6 is eliminated fully and arrives the degree of depth of the inboard of recess 7 like this, therefore, shown in the sectional view of having simplified among Fig. 5, like that, become slipping plane 4A after the attrition process and become even surface and expose direct quenching portion 11 and the state of its low double quenching portion 12 of hardness ratio.
Then, in the present embodiment, after above-mentioned attrition process, polishing processing is implemented in the whole zone of the slipping plane of above-mentioned crawler shoe 4, processing stops.
Finish after the processing like this, as Fig. 3 and as shown in Figure 6, on the whole zone of the slipping plane 4A of crawler shoe 4, form the protrusion 6 ' identical with above-mentioned protrusion 6 at the position (inboard of above-mentioned protrusion 6) of above-mentioned direct quenching portion 11, and, form the recess 7 ' identical with above-mentioned recess 7 at the position (inboard of above-mentioned recess 7) of double quenching portion 12.Thus, on the slipping plane 4A of the crawler shoe after the processing 4, evenly formed a plurality of small concavo-convex.
Producing small concavo-convex reason after the processing like this is, become the state that on slipping plane 4A, exposes the different position of hardness after the above-mentioned attrition process, under this state, slipping plane 4A is polished processing, thereby, on depth direction, the double quenching portion 12 that hardness is low is removed manyly than direct quenching portion 11.
The above-mentioned protrusion 6 ' after processing ends and the difference of height (degree of depth) of recess 7 ' are about 0.1~0.8 μ m, and recess 7 ' plays the storing section of importing lubricating oil and the effect of oil passage.
As mentioned above, in the present embodiment, the slipping plane 4A of crawler shoe 4 is implemented quench treatment by laser, and, make on the surface of slipping plane 4A and the depth direction and produce the different position of hardness, the manufacturing that attrition process by thereafter and polishing machine crawler shoe 4.And the ratio P/B of above-mentioned spacing P and quenching width B is set in 0.4~4.0 scope.
And, on the slipping plane 4A of the crawler shoe after the manufacturing 4, form small concavo-convexly by above-mentioned a plurality of protrusions 6 ' and recess 7 ', make lubricating oil store in recess 7 '.Thus, can be at the oil film of the whole zone maintenance lubricating oil of above-mentioned slipping plane 4A.Therefore, according to the manufacture method of present embodiment, can provide the crawler shoe 4 of ablation resistance excellence.In addition, can improve the loading capacity of the slipping plane 4A of crawler shoe 4, and then the crawler shoe 4 of wear resistant excellence can be provided.
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 are the figure of experimental result of ablation property of the crawler shoe 4 of the above-mentioned present embodiment of expression.Test conditions is as follows:
(test conditions)
The swash plate rotating speed: increased 1000rpm in per 1 minute, divided for 9 steps increased: maximum speed of revolution is 9000rpm (circumferential speed 38m/s);
Face is pressed: preload is 2.7MPa, increases 2.7MPa in per 1 minute: till ablating;
The mist of oil amount: the 0.05g/min nozzle location is fixed;
Oil: refrigerator oil;
Ablation condition: more than the axle moment of torsion 4.0Nm.
As mentioned above, in the present embodiment, P sets 0.1~1mm for spacing, and the relation of the width B that described spacing P and laser radiation are quenched (0.25mm) is set in the scope that P/B is 0.44.0.Like that, be the occasion (P/B 0.8~3.0 scope) of 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, about 0.8mm at spacing P shown in the white circle among Fig. 7, ablation property all more than 25MPa, possesses the ablation resistance of excellence.In addition, be under the situation of 0.1mm, 1.0mm at spacing P, ablation property is about 15MPa, possesses good ablation resistance.To this, spacing P is 0 o'clock, promptly with the equal situation of prior art under, ablation property is 5MPa.Like this, the crawler shoe 4 of above-mentioned present embodiment possesses good ablation resistance.
And then, Fig. 8 is that expression spacing P is that 0.2mm, quenching width B are set at 0.25mm, make the difference of height (degree of depth of recess 7 ') of protrusion 6 ' and recess 7 ' produce by attrition process and differently make crawler shoe 4, and then study the figure of the ablation property of these crawler shoes 4.
When the degree of depth of the recess 7 ' of slipping plane 4A was 0.2~0.4 μ m, ablation resistance possessed excellent ablation resistance more than 25MPa.On the other hand, recess 7 ' is 0 o'clock, and under the situation promptly same as the prior art, ablation resistance is 5MPa.And, be under the situation of 0.5 μ m~1.0 μ m in the degree of depth of recess 7 ', possess than the better ablation resistance of prior art.
As shown in Figure 9, in the foregoing description, the irradiation spacing P of laser is set under the situation of half (P/B=0.5) of quenching width B, can not obtain good ablation resistance.
In the case, because the spacing P of laser radiation is the quenching width B half, so, becoming by the triplet quenching portion 17 of triplet quenching as just the position of the parallel lines A of the irradiated site of laser, the adjacent both sides of described triplet quenching portion 17 all become double quenching portion 12.
The hardness ratio double quenching portion 12 of triplet quenching portion 17 low, and triplet quenching portion 17 only forms linearity at the position of the parallel lines A of above-mentioned laser radiation.Therefore, as shown in Figure 9, become level and smooth state even implement attrition process on slipping plane 4A, implement polishing processing then on slipping plane 4A, in fact the result can grind the identical double quenching portion 12 of hardness in the roughly whole zone that forms slipping plane 4A.Therefore, in the case, on the slipping plane 4A after the polishing processing, can not form the uniform small concavo-convex of not enough number μ m, so ablation resistance is bad.
And then, as shown in figure 10, make the irradiation spacing P of laser make under the situation of crawler shoe 4 in the above-described embodiments with the quenching width B identical (P/B=1) of laser radiation, can not obtain good ablation resistance.
Under situation shown in Figure 10, the roughly whole zone on the surface of slipping plane 4A becomes direct quenching portion 11, only forms double quenching portion 12 on the boundary member linearity ground of adjacent direct quenching portion 11.Therefore, in case make that by attrition process after the surface smoothing of slipping plane 4A, even implement polishing processing on slipping plane 4A, the surface of slipping plane 4A also can maintain smooth state as shown in figure 10, and can not form small concavo-convex.The test-results of ablation resistance in the case is, as being 2MPa with X represented among Fig. 7, ablation resistance is bad.
In above-mentioned present embodiment, the slipping plane 4A of crawler shoe 4 is quenched with the mode irradiating laser of drawing out many parallel lines, yet, as shown in Figure 11 slipping plane 4A is reticulation ground irradiating laser and quenches also passable.
In addition, as shown in figure 12, separate by uniform distances P with adjacent big and small circle and to draw out a plurality of concentrically ringed modes like that and quench also passable slipping plane 4A irradiating laser.
In addition, Figure 13 represents by the figure of the scroll that is rotated counterclockwise to slipping plane 4A irradiating laser, and then Figure 14 is that expression is to draw out a plurality of figure that are configured to the mode of staggered roundlet to slipping plane 4A irradiating laser.
As these Figure 11~shown in Figure 14, even change pattern to slipping plane 4A irradiating laser, because the position of irradiating laser protuberance, thereby also can when forming protrusion, form recess in the consecutive position.And, by irradiating laser on slipping plane 4A so, can implement to quench to slipping plane 4A, simultaneously, make the surface of slipping plane produce different with hardness on the depth direction.Operation after described laser quenching is handled was once forming level and smooth face to slipping plane 4A enforcement attrition process same as the previously described embodimentsly and then slipping plane 4A was being polished processing.
The crawler shoe 4 that adopts the pattern of the irradiating laser of these Figure 11~shown in Figure 14 to produce also can be obtained the action effect identical with above-mentioned present embodiment.
In addition, the foregoing description has illustrated at the situation that adopts manufacture method of the present invention as the manufacturing of the crawler shoe 4 of slide unit, yet, the present invention is also passable as the manufacture method of making above-mentioned swash plate 3, and the manufacture method of the slide unit in the mechanism that can slide the present invention as two slide units.
And then, as the hemispheric crawler shoe 4 in the above-mentioned present embodiment, also comprise hemispherical convex surface 4B in the axial direction the integral body that forms of conquassation be the crawler shoe of flat pattern.
In addition, in the foregoing description, to the slipping plane 4A of crawler shoe 4 irradiation YAG laser and carry out quench treatment, yet, also can replace YAG laser with other laser such as carbonic acid gas laser, also can replace laser with electron beam.