CN101098399A - Device and method for restoring high-resolution images - Google Patents
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Abstract
提供一种恢复高像素图像的设备和方法。所述设备包括:相机模块,包括多个镜头和与多个镜头相应的多个子图像传感器,所述多个子图像传感器每个都包括具有单色的颜色过滤器;原始图像产生模块,接收多个原始分色图像;中间图像产生模块,重新排列原始图像产生模块提供的多个原始分色图像的相同位置上的像素的像素信息,并且产生具有高于每个原始分色图像的分辨率的中间图像;以及最终图像产生模块,对中间图像执行去马赛克,执行使去马赛克的中间图像清晰化,并且产生最终图像。
A device and method for restoring high-resolution images are provided. The device includes: a camera module including a plurality of lenses and a plurality of sub-image sensors corresponding to the plurality of lenses, each of the plurality of sub-image sensors including a color filter having a single color; an original image generation module receiving a plurality of an original color separation image; an intermediate image generation module rearranging pixel information of pixels at the same position of a plurality of original color separation images provided by the original image generation module, and generating an intermediate having a resolution higher than that of each original color separation image an image; and a final image generating module that performs demosaicing on the intermediate image, performs sharpening of the demosaiced intermediate image, and generates a final image.
Description
本申请分别要求于2006年6月26日在韩国知识产权局提交的第10-2006-0057660号韩国专利申请和2006年10月27日在韩国知识产权局提交的第10-2006-0105348号韩国专利申请的优先权,该申请全部公开于此以资参考。This application claims Korean Patent Application No. 10-2006-0057660 filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on June 26, 2006 and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2006-0105348 filed with the Korean Intellectual Property Office on October 27, 2006 priority of a patent application, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种恢复高像素图像的设备和方法,更具体地说,涉及一种从通过安装在小型数字装置(诸如移动电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、MP3播放器等)中的小型相机模块获得的图像恢复高像素图像的设备和方法。The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for restoring high-resolution images, and more particularly, to a method for recovering high-resolution images from small cameras installed in small digital devices such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), MP3 players, etc. A device and method for restoring a high-resolution image from an image obtained by a module.
背景技术Background technique
像大多数数字装置一样,数字相机给人们开辟了新的世界。作为传统的基于胶片的相机的替代,数字相机的优点是操作简单,与那些专业摄影者相比,普通用户也能够拍照,并且在不用冲洗和打印的情况下,在捕获之后能够立即观看拍摄的照片。此外,由于数字相机在相机的存储器中将捕获的图像记录为数字文件,因此能够将拍摄的高画面质量的照片作为永久或半永久的数字图像文件上载到个人计算机(PC),例如,在必要的任何时间用于存储、图像处理和/或打印。Like most digital devices, digital cameras have opened up new worlds for people. As an alternative to traditional film-based cameras, digital cameras have the advantage of being easy to operate, and compared to those of professional photographers, ordinary users can take pictures and view them immediately after capture without developing and printing. photo. In addition, since digital cameras record captured images as digital files in the camera's memory, it is possible to upload photographs taken with high picture quality to personal computers (PCs) as permanent or semi-permanent digital image files, for example, when necessary Anytime for storage, image processing and/or printing.
另外,已经将数字相机小型化,并且数字相机已经变得更加轻便,使得它们能够嵌入到小型数字装置(诸如移动电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、MP3播放器等)中。其结果是,拍照和欣赏照片已经变成日常事务的一部分了,并且在购买数字装置时数字相机是否能够嵌入到小型数字装置中已经变得非常重要。In addition, digital cameras have been miniaturized and become more portable, enabling them to be embedded in small digital devices such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), MP3 players, and the like. As a result, taking pictures and enjoying photos has become a part of daily affairs, and whether a digital camera can be embedded in a small digital device has become very important when purchasing a digital device.
近来,数字装置已经变得更加小型化,另外需要个性化的装置和便利性,消费者已经开始需要较小且较轻便的数字装置产品。Recently, digital devices have become more miniaturized, and in addition to requiring personalized devices and convenience, consumers have begun to demand smaller and lighter digital device products.
因此,明显的是:为了使具有嵌入的数字相机的小型数字装置较小且较轻便,嵌入的数字相机本身应该做的较小且较轻便。Therefore, it is obvious that in order to make a compact digital device with an embedded digital camera smaller and lighter, the embedded digital camera itself should be made smaller and lighter.
图1示意性的示出并入传统的小型相机模块中的数字相机的操作原理。FIG. 1 schematically shows the operating principle of a digital camera incorporated into a conventional compact camera module.
参照图1,用户通过直径Da的镜头101a和直径Db的镜头101b拍摄的预定物体101的图像分别在图像传感器102a和图像传感器102b上形成为图像A和图像B。Referring to FIG. 1 , images of a
尽管从分辨率的角度看具有相对大的直径Db的镜头101b有优势,但是可能出现这样的问题:由于相对长的焦距fb而使并入小数字装置中的相机模块变得笨重,在将相机模块安装到小数字装置中这是不期望的特性。也就是说,大镜头尺寸和长焦距使实现小型化、轻便的数字相机很困难。Although a
相反,具有相对小的直径Da的镜头101a具有短焦距fa,以形成物体101的图像A。因此,尽管能够将相机模块小型化,但是不能获得具有作为数字相机中的最重要特征之一的高分辨率的图像。这种相机模块不能完全满足消费者对高分辨率画面的需求。In contrast, a
为了解决这种问题,已经提出了很多发明,例如,第2003-0084343号韩国专利早期公开的申请,但是还没有解决所述问题。In order to solve such a problem, many inventions have been proposed, for example, Korean Patent Laid-open Application No. 2003-0084343, but the problem has not been solved yet.
发明内容Contents of the invention
因此,本发明的一方面在于提供一种恢复高像素图像的设备和方法,所述设备和方法能够通过减小安装在小型数字装置中的数字相机的尺寸来实现小型数字装置。Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for restoring a high-pixel image capable of realizing a small digital device by reducing the size of a digital camera installed in the small digital device.
本发明的另一方面在于提供一种恢复高像素图像的设备和方法,所述设备和方法能够减小安装在小型数字装置中的数字相机的尺寸。Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for restoring a high-pixel image capable of reducing the size of a digital camera installed in a small digital device.
本发明的另一方面在于提供一种恢复高像素图像的设备和方法,所述设备和方法能够容易地在表现高像素图像中校正光学偏差和敏感度的不一致。Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for restoring a high-pixel image capable of easily correcting optical deviation and inconsistency in sensitivity in expressing the high-pixel image.
本发明的另一方面在于提供一种恢复高像素图像的设备和方法,所述设备和方法通过使用具有不同透射率的颜色过滤器即使不改变图像传感器的结构也能同时实现高敏感度图像感测和低敏感度图像感测。Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for restoring a high-pixel image, which can simultaneously achieve high-sensitivity image perception by using color filters with different transmittances without changing the structure of the image sensor. measurement and low-sensitivity image sensing.
本发明的另一方面在于提供一种在具有内置数字相机的数字相机模块中恢复高像素图像的设备和方法,其中,当设计安装了数字相机的小型数字装置时,更多选项可用。Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for restoring a high-pixel image in a digital camera module having a built-in digital camera, wherein more options are available when designing a compact digital device mounted with a digital camera.
将在接下来的描述中部分阐述本发明另外的方面和/或优点,还有一部分通过描述将是清楚的,或者可以经过本发明的实施而得知。Additional aspects and/or advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description, and some will be clear from the description, or can be learned through practice of the present invention.
因此,本发明的一方面在于提供一种恢复高像素图像的设备,所述设备包括:相机模块,包括多个镜头和与多个镜头相应的多个子图像传感器,所述多个子图像传感器每个都包括具有单色的颜色过滤器;原始图像产生模块,接收多个原始分色图像;中间图像产生模块,重新排列原始图像产生模块提供的多个原始分色图像的相同位置上的像素的像素信息,并且产生具有高于每个原始分色图像的分辨率的中间图像;以及最终图像产生模块,对中间图像执行去马赛克,执行使去马赛克的中间图像清晰化,并且产生最终图像。Therefore, an aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for restoring a high-pixel image, the apparatus including: a camera module including a plurality of lenses and a plurality of sub-image sensors corresponding to the plurality of lenses, each of the plurality of sub-image sensors Both include a color filter with a single color; the original image generation module receives a plurality of original color separation images; the intermediate image generation module rearranges the pixels on the same position of the multiple original color separation images provided by the original image generation module information, and generate an intermediate image having a resolution higher than that of each original color separation image; and a final image generating module that performs demosaicing on the intermediate image, performs sharpening of the demosaiced intermediate image, and generates a final image.
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种恢复高像素图像的设备,所述设备包括:相机模块,包括多个镜头和与多个镜头相应的多个子图像传感器,所述多个子图像传感器每个都包括颜色过滤器,所述颜色过滤器被分成具有不同颜色的多个颜色区域;原始图像产生模块,将多个原始分色图像划分成多个像素组;中间图像产生模块,将被划分成多个像素组的多个原始分色图像中相同位置上的像素的像素信息映射到与所述相同位置相应的像素组的各个像素,并且产生具有高于每个原始分色图像的分辨率的中间图像;以及最终图像产生模块,使用预定插值算法恢复中间图像,执行使接收的中间图像清晰化,并且产生最终图像。According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for restoring a high-pixel image, the device comprising: a camera module including a plurality of lenses and a plurality of sub-image sensors corresponding to the plurality of lenses, each of the plurality of sub-image sensors Both include a color filter, which is divided into a plurality of color regions with different colors; an original image generation module, which divides a plurality of original color separation images into a plurality of pixel groups; an intermediate image generation module, which will be divided into pixel information of a pixel at the same position in a plurality of original color separation images of a plurality of pixel groups is mapped to each pixel of a pixel group corresponding to the same position, and a pixel having a resolution higher than that of each original color separation image is generated an intermediate image; and a final image generating module that restores the intermediate image using a predetermined interpolation algorithm, performs sharpening of the received intermediate image, and generates a final image.
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种恢复高像素图像的设备,所述设备包括:相机模块,包括多个颜色镜头和与多个颜色镜头相应的多个子图像传感器,其中,所述多个颜色镜头中的每一个具有单色,并且通过所述多个子图像传感器获得多个原始分色图像;原始图像产生模块,接收多个原始分色图像;中间图像产生模块,重新排列原始图像产生模块提供的多个原始分色图像的相同位置上的像素的像素信息,并且产生具有高于每个原始分色图像的分辨率的中间图像;以及最终图像产生模块,对中间图像执行去马赛克,执行使去马赛克的中间图像清晰化,并且产生最终图像。According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for restoring high-pixel images, the device comprising: a camera module including a plurality of color lenses and a plurality of sub-image sensors corresponding to the plurality of color lenses, wherein the plurality of Each of the color lenses has a single color, and obtains a plurality of original color separation images through the plurality of sub-image sensors; the original image generation module receives a plurality of original color separation images; the intermediate image generation module rearranges the original image generation modules The pixel information of the pixels on the same position of the plurality of original color separation images provided, and generating an intermediate image having a resolution higher than that of each original color separation image; and a final image generation module, performing demosaicing on the intermediate image, performing The demosaiced intermediate image is sharpened and a final image is produced.
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种恢复高像素图像的设备,所述设备包括:相机模块,包括多个颜色镜头和与多个颜色镜头相应的多个子图像传感器,其中,所述多个颜色镜头中的每一个具有单色,并且通过所述多个子图像传感器获得多个原始分色图像;原始图像产生模块,将多个原始分色图像划分成多个像素组;中间图像产生模块,将被划分成多个像素组的多个原始分色图像中相同位置上的像素的像素信息映射到与所述相同位置相应的像素组的各个像素,并且产生中间图像;以及最终图像产生模块,使用预定插值算法恢复中间图像,执行使恢复的中间图像清晰化,并且产生最终图像。According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for restoring high-pixel images, the device comprising: a camera module including a plurality of color lenses and a plurality of sub-image sensors corresponding to the plurality of color lenses, wherein the plurality of Each of the color lenses has a single color, and obtains a plurality of original color separation images through the plurality of sub-image sensors; the original image generation module divides the plurality of original color separation images into a plurality of pixel groups; the intermediate image generation module, Mapping pixel information of pixels at the same position in a plurality of original color separation images divided into a plurality of pixel groups to each pixel of the pixel group corresponding to the same position, and generating an intermediate image; and a final image generation module, The intermediate image is restored using a predetermined interpolation algorithm, sharpening the restored intermediate image is performed, and a final image is generated.
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种在相机模块中恢复高像素图像的方法,所述相机模块包括多个镜头和与多个镜头相应的多个子图像传感器,所述多个镜头每个都包括具有单色的颜色过滤器,所述方法包括:通过多个子图像传感器的每一个获得多个原始图像;接收多个原始图像,并且产生多个原始分色图像;重新排列从相机模块的原始图像产生模块提供的多个原始分色图像的相同位置上的像素的像素信息,并且产生具有高于每个原始分色图像的分辨率的中间图像;以及对中间图像执行去马赛克,执行使去马赛克的中间图像清晰化,并且从清晰化的图像产生最终图像。According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of restoring a high-pixel image in a camera module, the camera module including a plurality of lenses and a plurality of sub-image sensors corresponding to the plurality of lenses, each of the plurality of lenses Including having a color filter of monochrome, the method includes: obtaining a plurality of raw images through each of a plurality of sub-image sensors; receiving the plurality of raw images, and generating a plurality of raw color-separated images; rearranging the raw images from the camera module The pixel information of the pixels on the same position of a plurality of original color separation images provided by the image generation module, and generate an intermediate image having a resolution higher than that of each original color separation image; The intermediate images of the mosaic are sharpened, and a final image is produced from the sharpened images.
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种在相机模块中恢复高像素图像的方法,所述相机模块包括多个镜头和与多个镜头相应的多个子图像传感器,所述多个镜头每个都包括具有单色的颜色过滤器,所述方法包括:通过多个子图像传感器的每一个获得多个原始分色图像;将获得的多个原始分色图像划分成多个像素组;将被划分成多个像素组的多个原始分色图像中相同位置上的像素的像素信息映射到与所述相同位置相应的像素组的各个像素,并且产生中间图像;以及使用预定插值算法恢复中间图像,执行使插值的中间图像清晰化,并且从清晰化的图像产生最终图像。According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of restoring a high-pixel image in a camera module, the camera module including a plurality of lenses and a plurality of sub-image sensors corresponding to the plurality of lenses, each of the plurality of lenses Including a color filter having a single color, the method includes: obtaining a plurality of original color separation images through each of a plurality of sub-image sensors; dividing the obtained plurality of original color separation images into a plurality of pixel groups; The pixel information of the pixels at the same position in the plurality of original color separation images of the plurality of pixel groups is mapped to each pixel of the pixel group corresponding to the same position, and an intermediate image is generated; and using a predetermined interpolation algorithm to restore the intermediate image, performing The interpolated intermediate images are sharpened, and a final image is produced from the sharpened images.
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种在相机模块中恢复高像素图像的方法,所述相机模块包括多个颜色镜头和与多个颜色镜头相应的多个子图像传感器,所述多个颜色镜头每个都包括具有单色的颜色过滤器,所述方法包括:通过多个子图像传感器的每一个获得多个原始分色图像;接收多个原始分色图像;重新排列从相机模块的原始图像产生模块提供的多个原始分色图像的相同位置上的像素的像素信息,并且产生具有高于每个原始分色图像的分辨率的中间图像;以及对中间图像执行去马赛克,执行使去马赛克的中间图像清晰化,并且从清晰化的图像产生最终图像。According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for restoring a high-pixel image in a camera module, the camera module including a plurality of color lenses and a plurality of sub-image sensors corresponding to the plurality of color lenses, the plurality of color lenses each including a color filter having a single color, the method comprising: obtaining a plurality of raw color separation images by each of the plurality of sub-image sensors; receiving the plurality of raw color separation images; rearranging the raw image generated from the camera module The module provides pixel information of pixels at the same position in multiple original color separation images, and generates an intermediate image having a resolution higher than that of each original color separation image; and performs demosaicing on the intermediate image, performing demosaicing The intermediate image is sharpened, and a final image is generated from the sharpened image.
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种在相机模块中恢复高像素图像的方法,所述相机模块包括多个颜色镜头和与多个颜色镜头相应的多个子图像传感器,所述多个颜色镜头每个都具有单色,所述方法包括:通过子图像传感器的每一个获得多个原始分色图像;将多个原始分色图像划分成多个像素组;将被划分成多个像素组的多个原始分色图像中相同位置上的像素的像素信息映射到与所述相同位置相应的像素组的各个像素,并且产生中间图像;以及使用预定插值算法恢复中间图像,执行使插值的中间图像清晰化,并且产生最终图像。According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for restoring a high-pixel image in a camera module, the camera module including a plurality of color lenses and a plurality of sub-image sensors corresponding to the plurality of color lenses, the plurality of color lenses Each has a single color, and the method includes: obtaining a plurality of original color separation images through each of the sub-image sensors; dividing the plurality of original color separation images into a plurality of pixel groups; The pixel information of the pixels at the same position in the plurality of original color separation images is mapped to each pixel of the pixel group corresponding to the same position, and an intermediate image is generated; and the intermediate image is restored using a predetermined interpolation algorithm, and the interpolated intermediate image is executed. sharpen and produce the final image.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过下面结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行的详细描述,本发明的上述和其它特点和优点将会变得更加清楚,其中:The above-mentioned and other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become clearer by following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1是示出安装在传统的小数字装置中的数字相机的操作原理的示图;FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the operating principle of a digital camera installed in a conventional small digital device;
图2A是示出传统数字相机的基本结构的示图;FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a basic structure of a conventional digital camera;
图2B是形成图2A所示的图像传感器单元的单位像素的剖视图;2B is a cross-sectional view of a unit pixel forming the image sensor unit shown in FIG. 2A;
图3是根据本发明的实施例的恢复高像素图像的设备(300)的框图;Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a device (300) for restoring a high pixel image according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4A和图4B是示出根据本发明的实施例的数字相机模块的结构的示图;4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating the structure of a digital camera module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4C是图4A所示的形成图像传感器单元的单位像素的剖视图;4C is a cross-sectional view of a unit pixel forming an image sensor unit shown in FIG. 4A;
图5A和图5B是示出根据本发明的实施例的涂颜色过滤器的方法的示图;5A and 5B are diagrams illustrating a method of painting a color filter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6是示出根据本发明的实施例的原始图像产生模块校正位置偏差和原始图像的敏感度的不一致的处理的示图;6 is a diagram illustrating a process of correcting a positional deviation and an inconsistency of sensitivity of an original image by an original image generation module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图7A和图7B是示出根据本发明的实施例的产生中间图像的处理的示图;7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating a process of generating an intermediate image according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图8是示出根据本发明的实施例的图像产生模块恢复高像素图像的处理的示图;8 is a diagram illustrating a process of restoring a high-pixel image by an image generation module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图9是示出根据本发明的实施例的数字相机模块的结构的示图;FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a digital camera module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图10是示出用具有图4A所示的结构的相机模块使用图7B所示的第一图像产生模块恢复高像素图像的方法的流程图;以及10 is a flowchart showing a method for restoring a high-pixel image using the first image generation module shown in FIG. 7B with the camera module having the structure shown in FIG. 4A; and
图11是示出用具有图4A所示的结构的相机模块使用图8所示的第二图像产生模块恢复高像素图像的方法的流程图。FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method of restoring a high-pixel image using the second image generation module illustrated in FIG. 8 with the camera module having the structure illustrated in FIG. 4A .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
现将详细描述本发明的实施例,在附图中示出本发明的示例,其中,相同的标号始终指示相同的部件。下面参照附图来描述实施例以解释本发明。Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout. The embodiments are described below in order to explain the present invention by referring to the figures.
通常,因为单位像素的数量越大,获得的图像就越清晰且越整齐,所以能够通过单位像素的数量确定数字相机的性能。Generally, the larger the number of unit pixels, the clearer and more orderly the obtained image, so the performance of a digital camera can be determined by the number of unit pixels.
除了单位像素的数量之外,相机镜头的光强度也影响数字相机的性能。相机镜头的光强度被称为F数或光圈值。通过将镜头的焦距f除以直径D(即,f/D)来获得F数,所述F数是到达数字相机的图像传感器的每单位区域的光量的表示。F数越大,到达数字相机的图像传感器的每单位区域的光量越小。F数越小,到达数字相机的图像传感器的每单位区域的光量越大,从而获得具有高分辨率的明亮图像。如上所述,F数与获得的图像的分辨率以及到达数字相机的图像传感器的每单位区域的光量密切相关。In addition to the number of unit pixels, the light intensity of the camera lens also affects the performance of the digital camera. The light intensity of a camera lens is known as the F-number or aperture value. The F-number, which is an indication of the amount of light reaching the image sensor of the digital camera per unit area, is obtained by dividing the focal length f of the lens by the diameter D (ie, f/D). The larger the F-number, the smaller the amount of light reaching the image sensor of the digital camera per unit area. The smaller the F-number is, the larger the amount of light reaches per unit area of the image sensor of the digital camera, thereby obtaining a bright image with high resolution. As described above, the F-number is closely related to the resolution of the obtained image and the amount of light per unit area reaching the image sensor of the digital camera.
假设具有不同的镜头尺寸、焦距和单位像素的两个数字相机具有相同的F数。由于到达两个数字相机的各个图像传感器的每单位区域的光量相同,因此从各个数字相机获得图像将具有相同的光强度。Assume that two digital cameras with different lens sizes, focal lengths, and unit pixels have the same F-number. Since the amount of light per unit area reaching the respective image sensors of the two digital cameras is the same, images obtained from the respective digital cameras will have the same light intensity.
基于上述原理,本发明的实施例提出一种可应用于数字相机模块的恢复高像素图像的方法,所述数字相机模块具有多个能够在减小镜头直径和焦距的同时显示高像素图像的镜头。Based on the above principles, embodiments of the present invention propose a method for restoring high-pixel images that can be applied to a digital camera module that has multiple lenses capable of displaying high-pixel images while reducing lens diameter and focal length .
图2A是示出传统数字相机的基本结构的示图。参照图2,传统数字相机主要包括:具有直径D2的镜头201,集中从预定对象反射的光;和图像传感器202,响应于镜头201集中的光产生与像素等级相应的电图像信号。还示出了镜头201的焦距。FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a basic structure of a conventional digital camera. Referring to FIG. 2, a conventional digital camera mainly includes: a
在图像传感器202中包括按照Bayer模式的颜色过滤器阵列,以将在镜头201接收的光实现为原始全色(full-color)图像。图2A示出图像传感器202的顶视图。A color filter array according to a Bayer pattern is included in the
Bayer模式源于即使自然界中实际存在的图像不是由点组成,也不可避免地由点来实现数字图像的原理。The Bayer pattern originates from the principle that digital images are inevitably realized by points even if the images actually existing in nature are not composed of points.
为了由点形成数字图像,收集亮度(或光度(brightness))和色度(或颜色)成分,并且在二维面板上分布接收红(R)色、绿(G)色和蓝(B)色成分的每个亮度的点。To form a digital image from dots, the luminance (or brightness) and chrominance (or color) components are collected and distributed on a two-dimensional panel to receive red (R), green (G) and blue (B) colors points for each brightness of the composition.
在Bayer模式的阵列中,人眼最敏感的G色成分是50%,R色和B色成分每个都为25%,从而形成二维矩阵,被称为Bayer模式颜色过滤器。In the Bayer pattern array, the most sensitive G color component of the human eye is 50%, and each of the R color and B color components is 25%, thus forming a two-dimensional matrix, which is called a Bayer pattern color filter.
Bayer模式颜色过滤器从形成矩阵的各个R色、G色和B色成分中仅识别分配到其中的颜色成分,而不识别全色成分,并且插入未识别的颜色成分以再现全色成分。The Bayer pattern color filter recognizes only the color components allocated thereto from the respective R, G, and B color components forming the matrix, does not recognize the full color components, and inserts the unrecognized color components to reproduce the full color components.
图2B是用于形成图2A的图像传感器的单位像素的剖视图2B is a cross-sectional view of a unit pixel used to form the image sensor of FIG. 2A
参照示出形成图像传感器(图2A的202)的单位像素202a至202d的部分的图2B,在图像传感器202中包括Bayer模式颜色过滤器203。在图2B中示出传统设备的其它特征,但是在此将不讨论所述其它特征,因为这种讨论对理解本申请不是必要的。Referring to FIG. 2B showing portions forming
图3是根据本发明的实施例的恢复高像素图像的设备300的框图。FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an
设备300包括:相机模块301,集中入射光并产生多个分色(color-separated)图像;图像产生模块302,基于相机模块301提供的分色图像产生最终图像;以及显示模块303,显示图像产生模块302提供的最终图像。The
将参照图4A和图4B描述具有多个镜头的数字相机模块的结构,所述数字相机模块能够应用根据本发明的实施例的恢复高像素图像的方法。A structure of a digital camera module having a plurality of lenses capable of applying the method of restoring a high-pixel image according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B .
图4A至图4C是示出具有多个镜头的数字相机模块的结构,所述数字相机模块能够应用根据本发明的实施例的恢复高像素图像的方法。4A to 4C are diagrams illustrating the structure of a digital camera module having a plurality of lenses capable of applying a method of restoring a high-pixel image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
相机模块301包括多个镜头401以及与多个镜头401相应的多个子图像传感器402。这里,多个子图像传感器402具有颜色过滤器,并且从每个子图像传感器402获得每个颜色的原始图像,所述颜色过滤器具有涂有单个颜色的区域。The
数字相机模块包括:多个镜头401,集中从预定对象反射的入射光,所述多个镜头401具有相同的直径;以及多个子图像传感器402a至402d,响应于从对象反射的光产生电图像信号。也就是说,在多个子图像传感器402a至402d中包括与现有技术的颜色过滤器相似的颜色过滤器,所述颜色过滤器具有被分成多个颜色区域的空间,以将通过镜头401集中的光实现为原始全色。The digital camera module includes: a plurality of
图4B是图4A所示的数字相机模块的侧视图,其中,假设范围从具有相同直径D3的多个镜头401(401a-401d)到多个对象图像形成传感器402a-402d的焦距f3相同。4B is a side view of the digital camera module shown in FIG. 4A, where it is assumed that the focal length f3 ranging from the plurality of lenses 401 (401a-401d) having the same diameter D3 to the plurality of object
因此,具有相同直径D3的多个镜头401(401a-401d)被排列在同一平面。Therefore, a plurality of lenses 401 (401a-401d) having the same diameter D3 are arranged on the same plane.
对于镜头排列模式,尽管示出的实施例已经显示了按照上下和左右方向对称排列多个镜头401(401a-401d),但是本发明不限于此。可以按照水平方向或垂直方向线性排列多个镜头401(401a-401d)。在奇数镜头可用的情况下,可在中心镜头周围径向排列镜头,并且可采用其它各种镜头排列模式。Regarding the lens arrangement mode, although the illustrated embodiment has shown that a plurality of lenses 401 ( 401 a - 401 d ) are symmetrically arranged in the up-down and left-right directions, the present invention is not limited thereto. A plurality of lenses 401 (401a-401d) may be linearly arranged in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction. Where an odd number of lenses is available, lenses may be arranged radially around a central lens, and various other lens arrangements may be employed.
多个镜头401(401a-401d)可在镜头指定的位置或者基于预定镜头的位置偏移了预定数量像素的多个镜头中除了该预定镜头之外的镜头的位置,集中从预定对象反射的光线。The plurality of lenses 401 (401a-401d) may concentrate light reflected from a predetermined object at a position specified by the lens or at a position of a lens other than the predetermined lens among the plurality of lenses shifted by a predetermined number of pixels based on the position of the predetermined lens. .
以下,为了方便解释,将以示例的方式解释四个镜头以2×2(宽×高)矩阵的形式排列的实施例。Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, an embodiment in which four lenses are arranged in a 2×2 (width×height) matrix will be explained by way of example.
基于上述假设具有不同的镜头尺寸、焦距和单位像素的两个数字相机具有相同的F数的原理,由于到达两个数字相机的各个图像传感器的每单位区域的光量相同,因此从各个数字相机获得图像将具有相同的光强度。在这个实施例中,使用每个都比图2所示的镜头201小的多个镜头401(401a-401d),和每个都具有比图2所示的图像传感器单元202的单位像素的数量少的多个子图像传感器402a至402d。另外,图4B的焦距f3比图2的焦距f2短。Based on the above-mentioned principle of assuming that two digital cameras with different lens sizes, focal lengths, and unit pixels have the same F-number, since the amount of light per unit area reaching the respective image sensors of the two digital cameras is the same, it is obtained from the respective digital cameras The images will have the same light intensity. In this embodiment, a plurality of lenses 401 (401a-401d) each smaller than the
假设图2所示的图像传感器202形成四百万个像素,并且图4A所示的多个子图像传感器402a至402d的每个分别形成一百万个像素。Assume that the
因此,图4A所示的多个子图像传感器402a至402d与每个都具有一百万像素的四个图像传感器相应。每个都具有相同直径D3的四个镜头401a-401d在分别与镜头401 a-401d相应的子图像传感器402a至402d上产生图像。Accordingly, the plurality of
将子图像传感器402a至402d中的颜色过滤器的每一个都四等分,以使四个区域适合子图像传感器402a至402d的尺寸,接着每个区域被涂有单色。Each of the color filters in the
图4C是用于形成图4A的子图像传感器402a至402d的单位像素402d-1至402d-4的剖视图。由于在相同的子图像传感器402d中存在单位像素402d-1至402d-4,则在单位像素402d-1至402d-4的区域中包括相同的颜色过滤器403。FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view of
这里,根据其上所涂的颜色的透射率将颜色过滤器403划分为第一过滤区域和第二过滤区域。通过改变第一过滤区域和第二过滤区域上涂的颜色的透射率使得通过第一过滤区域和第二过滤区域的光量不同,从而同时实现高敏感度感测和低敏感度感测。在各种颜色区域中,具有最高透射率的颜色区域被分组到第一过滤区域中,而其它颜色区域被分组到第二过滤区域中。Here, the color filter 403 is divided into a first filter area and a second filter area according to the transmittance of the color painted thereon. High-sensitivity sensing and low-sensitivity sensing are realized simultaneously by changing the transmittance of the color painted on the first filter area and the second filter area so that the amount of light passing through the first filter area and the second filter area is different. Among various color areas, a color area having the highest transmittance is grouped into a first filter area, and other color areas are grouped into a second filter area.
以下,为了方便解释,将解释由相同标号表示多个颜色区域和子图像传感器的实施例。Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, an embodiment in which a plurality of color regions and sub-image sensors are denoted by the same reference numerals will be explained.
例如,形成包括在图4A所示的子图像传感器402a至402d中的颜色过滤器的各个颜色区域(即,绿(G)色区域、红(R)色区域、蓝(B)色区域和灰(Gr)色区域)由分别与子图像传感器的相同的标号表示,即,402a、402b、402c和402d。具有最高透射率的灰(Gr)色区域402d被分组为第二过滤区域,而其它颜色区域(即,绿(G)色区域402a、红(R)色区域402b和蓝(B)色区域402c)被分组为第一过滤区域。For example, the respective color regions (that is, green (G) color region, red (R) color region, blue (B) color region and gray (Gr) color regions) are denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the sub-image sensors, ie, 402a, 402b, 402c, and 402d, respectively. The gray (Gr)
在另一实施例中,可在第二过滤区域中形成除了灰之外的颜色的颜色过滤器。例如,可形成白(W)、黄(Y)、青和紫红中的任何一个的颜色过滤器。然而,在第二过滤区域中形成的颜色过滤器的颜色不限于这些示例,并且具有比第一过滤器的过滤区域中形成的颜色过滤器的透射率高的透射率的任何颜色的颜色过滤器都可被认为包括在本发明的范围内。In another embodiment, a color filter of a color other than gray may be formed in the second filter region. For example, a color filter of any one of white (W), yellow (Y), cyan, and magenta may be formed. However, the color of the color filter formed in the second filtering area is not limited to these examples, and a color filter of any color having a transmittance higher than that of the color filter formed in the filtering area of the first filter All can be considered to be included in the scope of the present invention.
对于图4A所示的颜色过滤器的透射率,在蓝(B)色过滤器、绿(G)色过滤器、红(R)色过滤器和灰(Gr)色过滤器中,灰(Gr)色过滤器具有最高的透射率。For the transmittance of the color filter shown in Fig. 4A, among blue (B) color filter, green (G) color filter, red (R) color filter and gray (Gr) color filter, gray (Gr ) color filter has the highest transmittance.
这样,如果与第二过滤区域402d相应的颜色的透射率高于与第一过滤区域402a至402c相应的颜色的透射率,则通过第一过滤区域和第二过滤区域的光量不同。As such, if the transmittance of the color corresponding to the
这意味着到达与各个颜色区域匹配的各个子图像传感器402a至402d的光量不同,并且在各个子图像传感器402a至402d中能够同时实现高敏感度感测功能和低敏感度感测功能。This means that the amount of light reaching the respective
可通过将参照图5A和图5B分别示出的照相印刷(photo-lithography)方法或喷墨(inkjet)方法来涂上述颜色过滤器。The color filter described above may be coated by a photo-lithography method or an inkjet method which will be shown with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B , respectively.
在根据照相印刷方法涂上单色蓝(B)、绿(G)、红(R)和灰(Gr)的情况下,没有颜色的原始白色传感器(501)被涂上绿色(502)。然后,除了涂有绿色的图像传感器区域的四分之一(1/4)属于绿色模式以外,涂有绿色的图像传感器区域有涂有绿色的图像传感器区域(503)的四分之三(3/4)被去除。The original white sensor ( 501 ) without color is painted in green ( 502 ) with monochromatic blue (B), green (G), red (R) and gray (Gr) painted according to the photoprinting method. Then, except that one quarter (1/4) of the image sensor area painted green belongs to the green mode, the image sensor area painted green has three quarters (3/4) of the image sensor area (503) painted green. /4) is removed.
去除的图像传感器被涂上红色(504)。然后,涂有红色的四分之二(2/4)的图像传感器区域被去除。The removed image sensor is painted red (504). Then, two-quarters (2/4) of the image sensor area painted red is removed.
作为结果的子图像传感器与具有分别涂有四分之一绿色和四分之一红色的图像传感器区域的图像传感器相应,所述子图像传感器中覆盖四分之二(2/4)绿色的区域被涂上蓝色和灰色(506~508)。The resulting sub-image sensor corresponds to an image sensor having image sensor areas painted one-quarter green and one-quarter red, respectively, covering two quarters (2/4) of the green area of the sub-image sensor It is painted blue and gray (506-508).
与Bayer模式颜色过滤处理相比,当前的照相印刷方法容易执行。Current photoprinting methods are easy to perform compared to Bayer pattern color filtering processes.
图5B示出喷墨方法。Figure 5B shows the inkjet method.
该操作从白色传感器509开始。根据喷墨方法,首先执行分隔壁形成操作(510),其中,在图像传感器中形成与示出的实施例中的镜头的数量相同的分隔壁(例如,4),并且将隔壁产生的4个区域分别涂上期望的色墨(colorink),即,绿墨、红墨、蓝墨和灰墨(511~514)。The operation starts with the
喷墨方法是相当简单的处理,并且能够有利于节省墨的使用量,从而最终降低传感器的制造成本。The ink-jet method is a relatively simple process and can be advantageous in saving ink usage, which ultimately reduces the manufacturing cost of the sensor.
以上述方式涂的颜色过滤器分别与多个镜头和多个子图像传感器匹配。The color filters applied in the above manner are respectively matched to the plurality of lenses and the plurality of sub-image sensors.
例如,参照图4A,在子图像传感器402a至402d中包括绿(G)色过滤器、红(R)色过滤器、蓝(B)色过滤器和灰(Gr)色过滤器的情况下,通过包括在与第一镜头401a匹配的子图像传感器402a中的绿(G)色过滤器,通过四个镜头401(401a-401d)中的第一镜头401a从对象反射的入射光线形成绿(G)色图像。通过包括在与第二镜头401b匹配的子图像传感器402b中的红(R)色过滤器,通过四个镜头401(401a-401d)中的第二镜头401b从对象反射的入射光线形成红(R)图像。For example, referring to FIG. 4A , in the case where a green (G) color filter, a red (R) color filter, a blue (B) color filter, and a gray (Gr) color filter are included in the
类似地,分别通过包括在与第三镜头401c匹配的子图像传感器402c中的蓝(B)色过滤器和包括在与第四镜头401d匹配的子图像传感器402d中的灰(Gr)色过滤器,通过四个镜头401(401a-401d)中的第三镜头401c和第四镜头401d从对象反射的入射光线形成蓝(B)色图像和灰(Gr)色图像。Similarly, the blue (B) color filter included in the
换句话说,通过四个镜头401a-401d从对象反射的入射光线形成具有包括在各个子图像传感器402a至402d中的相应颜色过滤器的颜色的图像,即相同尺寸不同颜色的四幅图像。In other words, incident rays reflected from the subject through the four
同时,图像产生模块302从相机模块301接收多个分色图像,并且基于从相机模块301提供的分色图像产生最终图像。Meanwhile, the
为此,图像产生模块302包括:原始图像产生模块302a、中间图像产生模块302b和最终图像产生模块302c。To this end, the
在根据本发明的当前实施例的图像产生模块302中,原始图像产生模块302a接收从相机模块301提供的多个原始分色图像的输入。In the
也就是说,如图4A所示,原始图像产生模块302a接收包括绿色过滤器的子图像传感器402a获得的绿色图像、包括红色过滤器的子图像传感器402b获得的红色图像、包括蓝色过滤器的子图像传感器402c获得的蓝色图像和包括灰色过滤器的子图像传感器402d获得的灰色图像。That is to say, as shown in FIG. 4A, the original image generation module 302a receives the green image obtained by the
这里,绿色图像、红色图像和蓝色图像提供通过最终图像产生模块302c产生最终图像所需的颜色信息,稍后将对其进行描述。相反,灰色图像提供产生最终图像所需的亮度信息。Here, the green image, red image, and blue image provide color information required to generate a final image by the final image generation module 302c, which will be described later. Instead, gray images provide the luminance information needed to produce the final image.
在本发明的可选实施例中,当获得的原始图像没有以相应子图像传感器402a至402d的指定的位置排列时,原始图像产生模块302a校正原始图像的位置。另外,当获得的原始图像敏感度不一致时,原始图像产生模块302a基于具有最低敏感度等级的原始图像的敏感度来校正除了具有最低敏感度等级的原始图像之外的原始图像的敏感度等级。In an optional embodiment of the present invention, when the obtained original images are not arranged in the specified positions of the corresponding
图6是示出根据本发明的实施例的原始图像产生模块(302a)校正位置偏差和原始图像的敏感度的不一致的处理的示图。FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a process of correcting a positional deviation and an inconsistency of sensitivity of an original image by the original image generating module ( 302 a ) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
通过包括在与镜头401a至401d匹配的各个子图像传感器402a至402d中的颜色过滤器,发送通过布置在固定位置的四个镜头401a至401d入射到预定对象的光线,以形成具有与颜色过滤器相应的颜色的图像。然后,原始图像产生模块302a检查在子图像传感器402a至402d中形成的各个图像的位置。Light rays incident on a predetermined object through the four
参照图6,通过标号601至604表示在子图像传感器402a至402d中的位置上形成的各个图像。Referring to FIG. 6 , respective images formed at positions in the
标号601表示在子图像传感器402a上形成的图像。在本发明的实施例中,除非位置固定,否则将四个镜头401a至401d偏移预定数量的像素,位于子图像传感器402a中心的图像可以认为图像位于标准位置,也就是,如虚线矩形605所示,图像的指定位置。Reference numeral 601 denotes an image formed on the
标号602表示子图像传感器402b上形成的图像,所述图像从指定位置左移一个像素。标号603表示子图像传感器402c上形成的图像,所述图像从指定位置下移一个像素。标号604表示子图像传感器402d上形成的图像,所述图像从指定位置按对角线偏移一个像素,也就是说,从指定图像在向右和向下的方向都偏移一个像素。Reference numeral 602 denotes an image formed on the
如图6所示,大概由于光学偏差,各个子图像传感器402a至402d的图像可能偏离它们的指定位置。这种光学偏差通常使各个子图像传感器402a至402d图像偏离它们的指定位置,从而很难获得整齐且清晰的图像。As shown in FIG. 6, the images of the respective
根据本发明的实施例,原始图像产生模块302a能够借助软件校正光学偏差而引起的偏离的图像位置。According to an embodiment of the present invention, the original image generation module 302a can correct the deviating image position caused by the optical deviation by means of software.
详细地,原始图像产生模块302a以下面的方式校正由于光学偏差引起的偏离的图像位置。例如,对于图像602,一旦图像已经从指定位置向左偏离一个像素,就将图像右移一个像素。在图像603中,将图像上移一个像素。在图像602中,将图像左移一个像素并上移一个像素。或者,在图像604中,图像可被上移一个像素,接着左移一个像素。In detail, the original image generation module 302a corrects the deviated image position due to optical deviation in the following manner. For example, for image 602, once the image has shifted one pixel to the left from the specified location, shift the image to the right by one pixel. In image 603, the image is shifted up by one pixel. In image 602, the image is shifted left by one pixel and up by one pixel. Alternatively, in image 604, the image may be shifted up one pixel, then left one pixel.
另外,原始图像产生模块302a纠正敏感度的不一致,将参照图6对此进行描述。In addition, the original image generation module 302a corrects the inconsistency of sensitivity, which will be described with reference to FIG. 6 .
假设601、602、603和604中各个图像的敏感度等级分别为10、9、8、7,原始图像产生模块302a基于具有敏感度等级7的图像604的敏感度,通过调整除了具有最低敏感度等级(即,7)的图像604之外的图像的敏感度等级来校正不一致的敏感度等级。Assuming that the sensitivity levels of the images in 601, 602, 603, and 604 are 10, 9, 8, and 7 respectively, the original image generation module 302a is based on the sensitivity of the image 604 with a sensitivity level of 7, by adjusting Sensitivity levels of images other than image 604 of level (ie, 7) are used to correct for inconsistent sensitivity levels.
通过上述处理,将每个颜色的图像提供给中间图像产生模块302b。Through the above processing, the image of each color is supplied to the intermediate image generation module 302b.
中间图像产生模块302b重新排列在原始图像产生模块302a提供的各个原始图像的相同位置的像素的像素信息,从而能够产生具有比每个颜色的原始图像的分辨率高的分辨率的中间图像。The intermediate image generation module 302b rearranges pixel information of pixels at the same positions of the respective original images provided by the original image generation module 302a, thereby being able to generate an intermediate image having a higher resolution than that of the original image for each color.
这里,用于区分子图像传感器上形成的各个图像的术语“中间图像”表示通过重新排列各个原始图像中相同位置的像素的各条像素信息获得的具有比原始图像的分辨率高的分辨率的图像。然而,术语“中间图像”没有必要是具有相对高分辨率的最终图像。可通过对中间图像执行去马赛克(demosaicing)或清晰化来产生最终图像。同时,产生的中间图像可具有与图像传感器402的分辨率相同的分辨率,在所述图像传感器402中排列了多个子图像传感器402a至402d。Here, the term "intermediate image" used to distinguish each image formed on the sub-image sensor means an image having a higher resolution than that of the original image obtained by rearranging pieces of pixel information of pixels at the same position in each original image. image. However, the term "intermediate image" is not necessarily a final image with a relatively high resolution. The final image may be produced by performing demosaicing or sharpening on the intermediate image. Meanwhile, the generated intermediate image may have the same resolution as that of the
例如,如果多个子图像传感器402a至402d中的每个都具有4×4的分辨率,则中间图像可具有8×8的分辨率,这与图像传感器402的分辨率相同。然后将中间图像提供给最终图像产生模块302c。最终图像产生模块302c通过对中间图像产生模块302b提供的中间图像执行去马赛克并使去马赛克的图像清晰化来产生最终图像。For example, if each of the plurality of
显示模块303显示最终图像产生模块302c提供的最终图像。The
可以例如平板显示器或触摸屏的形式来实现显示模块303,但不限于这些形式。The
图7A和图7B是示出根据本发明的实施例的产生中间图像的处理的示图。7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating a process of generating an intermediate image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
在解释恢复高像素图像的方法之前,假设在图3所示的显示设备300中,以这样的方式来排列相机模块301的镜头:除了布置在固定位置的预定镜头之外的镜头从预定镜头的位置偏移预定数量的像素。Before explaining the method of restoring a high-pixel image, it is assumed that in the
这里,将镜头偏移预定数量的像素可包括基于移动距离和移动方向来偏移镜头。Here, shifting the lens by a predetermined number of pixels may include shifting the lens based on a moving distance and a moving direction.
如图7A所示,当使用相机模块301拍摄包括四个相同尺寸的矩形的预定对象701时,假设在固定位置布置镜头401a以拍摄矩形A(701a),并且基于镜头401a的位置将剩余的镜头401b至401d偏移预定数量的像素,以拍摄矩形B、C和D(701b、701c和701d)。As shown in FIG. 7A, when using the
在偏移到预定位置中,基于拍摄矩形A(701a)的镜头401a的位置,拍摄矩形B(701b)的镜头被右移到预定位置。基于拍摄矩形A(701a)的镜头401a的位置,拍摄矩形C(701c)的镜头被下移到预定位置。In shifting to the predetermined position, based on the position of the
另外,基于拍摄矩形A(701a)的镜头401a的位置,拍摄矩形D(701d)的镜头被按对角线(向右和向下的方法)偏移到预定位置。In addition, based on the position of the
矩形A(701a)、B(701b)、C(701c)和D(701d)分别与通过镜头401a至401d形成在各个子图像传感器402a至402d上的图像相应。Rectangles A ( 701 a ), B ( 701 b ), C ( 701 c ), and D ( 701 d ) respectively correspond to images formed on the respective
假设与相应镜头匹配的多个子图像传感器402a至402d分别形成一百万像素,根据对象的形状排列拍摄的矩形A(701a)、B(701b)、C(701c)和D(701d)的图像,以形成图7A中符号“+”表示的单个图像。以这种方式,可以形成具有与用能够进行四百万像素分辨率成像的相机拍摄的对象的全部图像704的分辨率相同的分辨率的图像703。Assuming that a plurality of
图7B示出根据本发明的实施例的产生中间图像的方法。FIG. 7B illustrates a method of generating an intermediate image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
基于与上面参照图7A描述的相同的原理,在拍摄预定对象705的相机模块301的四个镜头401a至401d中,在固定位置布置一个镜头401a,而其它镜头401b至401d从镜头401a的位置逐个像素偏移。Based on the same principle as described above with reference to FIG. 7A, among the four
换句话说,基于位置固定的镜头401a,将镜头401b至401d右移一个像素,下移一个像素和按对角线偏移一个像素(即,在向右和向下的方向都偏移一个像素)。In other words, based on the position-fixed
使用上述相机模块301,图像产生模块302的中间图像产生模块302b(见图3)重新排列在原始图像产生模块302a提供的各个原始图像706的相同位置上的像素的像素信息,从而能够产生具有比每个颜色的原始图像的分辨率高的分辨率的中间图像707。Using the above-mentioned
最终图像产生模块302c对中间图像产生模块302b产生的中间图像707执行去马赛克,并且使去马赛克的中间图像清晰化,从而将原始图像恢复为具有较高分辨率的最终图像。The final image generation module 302c performs demosaicing on the
为了简明,现将参照图7A描述的图像产生模块302称为第一图像产生模块。For simplicity, the
图8是示出根据本发明的另一实施例的图像产生模块恢复高像素图像的处理的示图。用于当前实施例的相机模块与上面描述的相同,因而将不对其进行重复的解释。FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a process of restoring a high-pixel image by an image generation module according to another embodiment of the present invention. The camera module used in the present embodiment is the same as described above, and thus its explanation will not be repeated.
同时,图像产生模块302的原始图像产生模块302a将相机模块301提供的原始分色图像划分为多个像素组。中间图像产生模块302b从原始图像产生第一中间图像802,其具有与图8所示的子图像传感器402a至402d相同的分辨率。At the same time, the original image generation module 302a of the
这里,第一中间图像802可被划分为多个像素组803、804和805,每个像素组由2×2个虚拟像素(宽×高)形成。Here, the first
在多个像素组803、804和805中的每一个,像素可被划分为颜色和亮度信息映射到其上的主像素803a、804a和805a,以及位于主像素803a、804a和805a的附近且不具有信息的子像素803b、804b和805b。In each of the plurality of
主像素803a、804a和805a的位置可被设置在每个像素组803、804和805的多个位置。The positions of the
例如,在如图8所示由2×2个像素形成的每个像素组803、804和805中,与第一行和第一列相应的位置(即,803a、804a和805a)可被确定为主像素的位置。作为另一示例,与每个像素组中的第一行和第二列相应的位置(即,803b、804b和805b)可被确定为主像素的位置。For example, in each
如果以上述方式产生第一中间图像802,则中间图像产生模块302b将各个原始分色图像中相同位置上的像素的像素信息映射到与所述相同位置相应的像素组的主像素上。If the first
例如,中间图像产生模块302b将各个原始分色图像的第一行和第一列上的像素的像素信息映射到位于第一中间图像802的第一行和第一列的像素组803的主像素803a上。For example, the intermediate image generating module 302b maps the pixel information of the pixels on the first row and the first column of each original color separation image to the main pixel of the
同样,中间图像产生模块302b将各个分色图像的第一行和第一列上的像素的像素信息映射到位于第一中间图像802的第一行和第二列的像素组804的主像素804a上。Similarly, the intermediate image generation module 302b maps the pixel information of the pixels on the first row and the first column of each color separation image to the
另外,中间图像产生模块302b基于各个原始分色图像中相同位置上的像素的像素信息中的颜色信息来获得亮度信息,并且将获得的亮度信息映射到各个像素组803至805的主像素803a至805a上。In addition, the intermediate image generation module 302b obtains luminance information based on the color information in the pixel information of the pixels at the same position in each original color separation image, and maps the obtained luminance information to the
此外,中间图像产生模块302b将获得的亮度信息映射到位于第一中间图像802的第一行和第一列的像素组的主像素上。In addition, the intermediate image generation module 302b maps the obtained brightness information to the main pixels of the pixel group located in the first row and the first column of the first
参照图8,可以看出:将子图像传感器402a至402c提供的绿(G)色信息、红(R)色信息和蓝(B)色信息以及子图像传感器402d提供的灰(Gr)色信息映射到各个像素组的主像素上。尽管在图8中没有示出,但是还可将从三条颜色信息检测的亮度信息(Y)映射到各个像素组803至805的主像素803a至805a上。8, it can be seen that the green (G) color information, red (R) color information and blue (B) color information provided by the
例如,可以看出:位于绿色图像的第一行和第一列的像素的绿(G)色信息、位于红色图像的第一行和第一列的像素的红(R)色信息、位于蓝色图像的第一行和第一列的像素的蓝(B)色信息、位于灰色图像的第一行和第一列的像素的亮度信息和基于三条颜色信息检测的亮度信息被映射到第一像素组803的主像素803a上。For example, it can be seen that: the green (G) color information of the pixels located in the first row and the first column of the green image, the red (R) color information of the pixels located in the first row and the first column of the red image, the red (R) color information of the pixels located in the blue image The blue (B) color information of the pixels in the first row and the first column of the color image, the luminance information of the pixels in the first row and the first column of the gray image, and the luminance information detected based on the three pieces of color information are mapped to the first On the
同样,可以看出:位于绿色图像的第一行和第二列的像素的绿(G)色信息、位于红色图像的第一行和第二列的像素的红(R)色信息、位于蓝色图像的第一行和第二列的像素的蓝(B)色信息、位于灰色图像的第一行和第二列的像素的亮度信息和基于已经提供的三条颜色信息检测的亮度信息被映射到第二像素组804的主像素804a上。Similarly, it can be seen that: the green (G) color information of the pixels located in the first row and the second column of the green image, the red (R) color information of the pixels located in the first row and the second column of the red image, and the red (R) color information of the pixels located in the blue image The blue (B) color information of the pixels in the first row and second column of the color image, the brightness information of the pixels located in the first row and second column of the gray image, and the brightness information detected based on the three pieces of color information that have been provided are mapped onto the
因此,中间图像产生模块302b产生第二中间图像806,其中,三条颜色信息和两条亮度信息被映射到每个像素组803、804和805的主像素803a、804a和805a上。Therefore, the intermediate image generation module 302b generates a second
其后,中间图像产生模块302b使用插值方法对第二中间图像806进行插值。Thereafter, the intermediate image generation module 302b performs interpolation on the second
也就是说,中间图像产生模块302b基于图8所示的主像素803a、804a和805a的信息来获得记录在每个子像素803b、804b和805b中的像素信息。That is, the intermediate image generation module 302b obtains pixel information recorded in each sub-pixel 803b, 804b, and 805b based on information of the
中间图像产生模块302b可根据各种算法对第二中间图像806进行插值。The intermediate image generation module 302b can interpolate the second
例如,可从与子像素邻近的主像素掌握的信息来计算记录在第二中间图像806的每个子像素中的像素信息。For example, pixel information recorded in each sub-pixel of the second
更具体地说,在图8中,记录在位于第一像素组803的主像素803a与第二像素组804的主像素804a之间的子像素803b中的像素信息可被确定为两个主像素803a和804a的像素信息的平均值807。More specifically, in FIG. 8, the pixel information recorded in the sub-pixel 803b located between the
同样,记录在位于第二像素组804的主像素804a与第三像素组805的主像素805a之间的子像素804b中的像素信息可被确定为两个主像素804a和805a的像素信息的平均值808。Likewise, the pixel information recorded in the sub-pixel 804b located between the
如果以这种方式执行第二中间图像806的插值,则最终图像产生模块302c执行使插值的第二中间图像806的清晰化。其结果是,从通过每个子图像传感器获得的具有低分辨率(即,子图像传感器的分辨率)的分色图像产生具有高分辨率(即,子图像传感器的分辨率×4)的最终图像809。If the interpolation of the second
为了简明,参照图8描述的图像产生模块302将被称为第二图像产生模块。图9是示出本发明的第二实施例的数字相机模块的示图。除了下面的特性之外,根据本发明的第二实施例的数字相机模块具有与图4A所示的根据本发明的第一实施例的数字相机模块的结构相同的结构。也就是说,根据第二实施例的相机模块包括具有不同颜色的多个镜头901a至901d。这里,可根据透射率将多个镜头901a值901d划分为第一组和第二组。包括在第二组中的镜头可具有比包括在第一组中的镜头的透射率高的透射率的颜色。For simplicity, the
具体地说,例如,第一组可包括四个镜头中具有绿色的第一镜头901a、具有红色的第二镜头901b和具有蓝色的第三镜头901c,包括在第二组中的第四镜头901d可具有比绿、红和蓝的透射率高的透射率的颜色,即,灰色。Specifically, for example, the first group may include a
因此,当多个镜头901a至901d具有不同的颜色时,在多个子图像传感器902a至902d中不形成分色过滤器层。Therefore, when the plurality of
另外,将图像传感器902划分为分别与多个镜头901a至901d相应的多个子图像传感器902a至902d,并且通过使用多个子图像传感器902a至902d来获得分色图像。如图3所示,通过图像产生模块302从相机模块301提供分色图像,并且基于分色图像产生最终图像,接着在显示模块303上显示。产生最终图像的图像产生模块302与上面参照图3至图8所描述的相同,将不给出其详细的解释。In addition, the
接下来,将参照图10和图11描述根据本发明的实施例的恢复高像素图像的方法。Next, a method of restoring a high-pixel image according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11 .
图10是示出用具有图4A所示的结构的相机模块使用图7B所示的第一图像产生模块恢复高像素图像的方法的流程图。FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method of restoring a high-pixel image using the first image generation module illustrated in FIG. 7B with the camera module having the structure illustrated in FIG. 4A .
为了解释方便,假设如图7B所示在形成图像传感器402的多个子图像传感器402a至402d中分别形成红色过滤器、绿色过滤器、蓝色过滤器和灰色过滤器。另外,假设以8×8个像素(宽×高)形成图像传感器402,以4×4个像素(宽×高)形成用于形成图像传感器402的多个子图像传感器402a至402d的每一个。For convenience of explanation, it is assumed that a red filter, a green filter, a blue filter and a gray filter are respectively formed in the plurality of
首先,在操作S1001,通过四个镜头401a至401d集中从预定对象705反射的光线。First, in operation S1001, light reflected from a
在操作S1002,通过包括在与镜头401a至401d匹配的各个子图像传感器402a至402d中的颜色过滤器,发送通过镜头401a至401d集中的光线。In operation S1002, light rays concentrated through the
其结果是,在操作S1003,通过各个子图像传感器402a至402d获得多个分色图像。这里,每个子图像传感器402a至402d获得的图像具有图像传感器402的四分之一(1/4)分辨率的分辨率。也就是说,由于图像传感器402的分辨率是8×8,因此通过各个子图像传感器402a至402d获得的多个分色图像中的每一个都具有4×4的分辨率。As a result, a plurality of color separation images are obtained through the respective
在操作S1003之后,在操作S1004,图像产生模块302检查在操作S1003获得的原始分色图像706是否位于它们的指定位置。After operation S1003, in operation S1004, the
作为检查结果,如果确定获得的原始分色图像706偏离它们的指定位置,则在操作S1005,图像产生模块302校正原始分色图像706的位置,从而原始分色图像706被正常地定位到它们的指定位置。As a result of the check, if it is determined that the obtained original
如果确定获得的原始分色图像706位于它们的指定位置,则在操作S1006,图像产生模块302检查在操作S1003获得的原始分色图像706敏感度是否一致。If it is determined that the obtained original
作为检查结果,如果确定获得的原始分色图像706敏感度不一致,则在操作S1007,图像产生模块302基于具有最低敏感度等级的原始分色图像的敏感度来校正敏感度的不一致。As a result of the check, if it is determined that the obtained original
如果确定获得的原始分色图像706敏感度一致,则在操作S1008,图像产生模块302基于获得的原始分色图像706产生多个原始图像,重新排列在各个原始图像的相同位置上的像素的像素信息,从而能够产生具有比每个颜色的原始图像的分辨率高的分辨率的中间图像707。If it is determined that the obtained original
其后,在操作S1009,对中间图像去马赛克,并且在操作S1010,使去马赛克的中间图像清晰化,以产生最终图像。Thereafter, in operation S1009, the intermediate image is demosaiced, and in operation S1010, the demosaiced intermediate image is sharpened to generate a final image.
接下来,在操作S1011,通过显示模块303显示图像产生模块302产生的最终图像。Next, the final image generated by the
图11是示出用具有图4A所示的结构的相机模块使用图8所示的第二图像产生模块恢复高像素图像的方法的流程图。FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method of restoring a high-pixel image using the second image generation module illustrated in FIG. 8 with the camera module having the structure illustrated in FIG. 4A .
首先,具有图4A所示的结构的相机模块301提供多个分色图像的操作与图10所示的操作S1001至S1007相同。在操作S1101,如图8所示,原始图像产生模块302a将多个原始分色图像划分为多个像素组303、304和305,每个像素组由2×2个虚拟像素(宽×高)形成。First, the operation of providing a plurality of color-separated images by the
然后,在操作S1102,中间图像产生模块302b产生具有与如图8所示的图像传感器402相同的分辨率的第一中间图像802。Then, the intermediate image generation module 302b generates the first
接下来,在操作S1103,中间图像产生模块302b将各个原始分色图像中相同位置上的像素的像素信息映射到与相同位置相应的像素组的主像素上。Next, in operation S1103, the intermediate image generating module 302b maps the pixel information of the pixels at the same position in each original color separation image to the main pixel of the pixel group corresponding to the same position.
在操作S1104,中间图像产生模块302b产生第二中间图像806,其中,三条颜色信息和两条亮度信息被映射到每个像素组803、804和805的主像素803a、804a和805a上。The intermediate image generating module 302b generates a second
在操作S1105,中间图像产生模块302b使用插值方法对第二中间图像806进行插值。In operation S1105, the intermediate image generation module 302b interpolates the second
在对第二中间图像806进行插值之后,在操作S1106,最终图像产生模块302c执行使插值的第二中间图像806的清晰化。After interpolating the second
其结果是,在操作S1107,从具有低分辨率(即,子图像传感器的分辨率)的分色图像产生具有高分辨率(即,子图像传感器的分辨率×4)的最终图像809,接着通过显示模块303显示该最终图像809。As a result, in operation S1107, a
在操作S1001至操作S1007,除了通过颜色镜头而不是通过颜色过滤器来集中光线,并且通过子图像传感器获得多个原始分色图像之外,使用具有图9所示的结构的相机模块的图10所示的高像素图像恢复方法与使用图7B所示的第一图像产生模块的高像素图像恢复方法本质上相同。类似地,如上所述,因为具有图4A所示的结构的相机模块301提供多个分色图像的操作与图10所示的操作S1001至S1007相同,所以使用具有图9所示的结构的相机模块的图11所示的高像素图像恢复方法与使用图8所示的第二图像产生模块的高像素图像恢复方法本质上相同。From operation S1001 to operation S1007, in addition to concentrating light through a color lens instead of a color filter, and obtaining a plurality of original color separation images through a sub-image sensor, the camera module with the structure shown in FIG. 10 is used. The shown high pixel image restoration method is essentially the same as the high pixel image restoration method using the first image generation module shown in FIG. 7B. Similarly, as described above, since the operation of providing a plurality of color-separated images by the
总而言之,使用根据本发明的实施例的数字相机,由于F数相同能够实现与图2A所示的图像传感器相同的图像亮度,所述数字相机包括四个镜头和四个图像传感器,四个镜头中的每个都具有比图2A所示的镜头相对小的镜头大小和相对短的焦距,并且四个图像传感器中的每个都具有比图2A所示的四百万像素图像传感器的单位像素数少的像素数,即,一百万像素。另外,如图2A所示,使用通过图4A所示的每个都能够进行一百万像素分辨率成像的子图像传感器拍摄的4幅图像,能够通过预定过程恢复具有与用能够进行四百万像素分辨率成像的相机拍摄的图像相同分辨率的图像。In a word, using the digital camera according to the embodiment of the present invention can realize the same image brightness as that of the image sensor shown in FIG. 2A due to the same F-number. The digital camera includes four lenses and four image sensors. Each of the four image sensors has a relatively smaller lens size and a relatively shorter focal length than the lens shown in FIG. A small number of pixels, ie, one million pixels. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2A , using 4 images taken by the sub-image sensors shown in FIG. 4A each capable of 1-megapixel resolution imaging, it is possible to restore the image with the image sensor capable of 4-megapixel resolution through a predetermined process. Pixel resolution imaging cameras capture images of the same resolution as images.
由于根据本发明的实施例的数字相机具有相对小的镜头和相对短的焦距,因此在保持相同分辨率的同时能够实现数字相机的小型化、轻便设计。Since the digital camera according to the embodiment of the present invention has a relatively small lens and a relatively short focal length, it is possible to achieve a miniaturized and lightweight design of the digital camera while maintaining the same resolution.
根据上述恢复高像素图像的方法和设备,能够获得下面的一个或多个效果。According to the above method and device for restoring a high-pixel image, one or more of the following effects can be obtained.
所述方法和设备提供这样的优点:能够使用小型化相机模块获得高像素图像。The method and apparatus provide the advantage of being able to obtain high pixel images using a miniaturized camera module.
由于减小了安装在小型数字装置上的数字相机的尺寸,因此还能够小型化数字装置。Since the size of a digital camera mounted on a small digital device is reduced, it is also possible to miniaturize the digital device.
另外,本发明在减小安装在小型数字装置上的数字相机的尺寸的同时能够恢复高像素图像。In addition, the present invention can restore high-pixel images while reducing the size of a digital camera mounted on a compact digital device.
此外,根据本发明的恢复高像素图像的设备和方法能够在表现高像素图像的同时容易地校正光学偏差和敏感度的不一致。In addition, the apparatus and method for restoring a high-pixel image according to the present invention can easily correct optical deviation and inconsistency in sensitivity while expressing a high-pixel image.
通过使用具有不同透射率的颜色过滤器,根据本发明的恢复高像素图像的设备和方法即使不改变图像传感器单元的结构也能够同时实现高敏感度图像感测和低敏感度图像感测。By using color filters with different transmittances, the apparatus and method for restoring a high-pixel image according to the present invention can simultaneously realize high-sensitivity image sensing and low-sensitivity image sensing without changing the structure of an image sensor unit.
另外,当设计安装了数字相机的小型数字装置时,根据本发明的恢复高像素图像的设备和方法允许更多选项可用。In addition, the apparatus and method for restoring high-pixel images according to the present invention allow more options to be available when designing a small digital device mounted with a digital camera.
尽管已经显示和描述了本发明的一些实施例,但本领域的技术人员应该理解,在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下,可以对这些实施例进行改变,本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。While certain embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the claims and its equivalents.
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CN104350743A (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2015-02-11 | 英特尔公司 | Systems, methods, and computer program products for compound image demosaicing and warping |
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CN107256533A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2017-10-17 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | Method for processing mosaic image |
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CN105847770A (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2016-08-10 | 展讯通信(上海)有限公司 | Image processing chip and caching method for image data in chip |
CN108769635A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-06 | Oppo(重庆)智能科技有限公司 | Filming apparatus, electronic equipment and image acquiring method |
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