CN101091431A - Axial flow threshing separation facility in tangential feeding type - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is a tangential feeding axial flow threshing and separating device, which is used for detaching crop grains from ear heads. The threshing element adopts short-grained rod-plate teeth compound structure. The short-grained rod is installed on the grooved rod seat, and the plate teeth are located on the side of the grooved rod seat. The concave plate adopts two combined structures of grid screen and punching screen. Threshing and separation of crops. The short-striped rod-plate tooth composite elements are arranged in a spiral manner on the closed cylinder of the threshing drum; by changing the short-striped rods and the plate teeth of different sizes, changing the position of the plate teeth, and adjusting the motion parameters, the device can be adapted to rice, wheat, etc. , Rapeseed, soybean and other crops threshing separation requirements. The invention has high cleaning rate, less entrainment, low grain damage rate, light stalk crushing degree, less short stalks and the total amount of debris in the prolapsed matter, more uniform distribution along the axial direction of the threshing drum, and strong adaptability to the environment. The utility model can adapt to the threshing requirements of various crops through simple adjustment, has a simple structure and is convenient for processing and manufacturing.

Description

Tangential feeding axial flow threshing and separation device

technical field

The invention relates to a tangential feeding axial flow threshing and separation device for a harvesting machine, which is mainly used for detaching grains of various crops such as rice, wheat, rape and soybean from ears.

Background technique

At present, the harvesting mechanical threshing and separating devices mainly include a bar-shaped drum-type threshing device, a spike-toothed drum-type threshing device, and a bow-toothed drum-type threshing device. The grained rod drum type threshing device generally adopts an integral grid concave plate, which is mostly used in a cross-flow type threshing device. It mainly relies on kneading for threshing. The threshing flexibility is large, the stalks are lightly broken, and the removal rate is relatively low when removing difficult crops. , large entrainment loss, sensitive to wet crops, and poor adaptability. Spike-tooth threshing drum type threshing devices generally also use integral grid concave plates, which are mostly used in full-feed models, such as the nail-tooth threshing drum used on wheat combine harvesters. The patent number is: CN 2534799, mainly relying on the impact of nail teeth Threshing, high cleaning rate, insensitive to wet crops, small entrainment loss rate, good adaptability. However, the impact is strong, the damage to the grains is large, the stalks are severely broken, and the amount of broken stalks and debris in the prolapse is large, which increases the cleaning load, increases the cleaning loss rate, and reduces the cleaning cleaning rate. Plate teeth can be regarded as a special form of nail teeth. Bow-tooth drum type threshing device generally adopts woven sieve-type concave plate, which is mostly used in semi-feeding models. It mainly relies on the bow-tooth comb for threshing, with high cleaning rate and low handle rate. Japanese half-feed combine harvesters often use this device, and have applied for a patent in China, the patent number is: CN 1443437A. However, this device is not suitable for crops with large ear width difference, and its supporting clamping and conveying device has complex structure and high cost. Commonly used axial flow threshing devices have three types of concave plates: grid sieve, punched sieve, and woven sieve. Among them, the grid sieve concave plate has the strongest threshing and separation ability, but the stems are seriously broken. In addition, the above-mentioned threshing and separating device generally cannot adapt to the threshing requirements of various crops through simple adjustments.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a tangential feeding axial flow threshing and separation device, which satisfies the high removal rate of the threshing and separation device, small entrainment loss, less impurities in the prolapse, uniform distribution along the axial direction of the drum, and is suitable for various working environments. It has strong adaptability and can adapt to the requirements of various crops after simple adjustment.

The device includes a threshing cylinder and a concave plate. It is characterized in that: the threshing cylinder adopts a short-grained rod-plate tooth composite structure. The compound threshing element is arranged on the cylinder of the threshing drum in a spiral manner, and the threshing and separation of the crops are realized by the combined action of the rubbing of the short grain rod and the impact of the plate teeth. During the threshing process, there are both rubbing and impact. High, small entrainment loss, less grain damage, low stalk rate, light stalk breakage, and low impurity content in the protruding matter; the length of the short-grained stem is 50-150mm, and the height of the plate teeth is 60-100mm. The separation concave plate adopts the grid-punching combination form, and the front section is a grid screen type, which enhances the threshing and separation capabilities, so that the protruding materials can be distributed as evenly as possible along the axial direction of the drum, the steel wire spacing is small at the front and large at the back, and the punching screen is at the back section Formula, reduce the threshing ability, the length ratio of the front and rear sections is 1-4. In addition, according to the characteristics of different crops, three arc-shaped deflectors can be added at the feeding port of the threshing drum to better realize the feeding of crops into the threshing chamber.

When removing difficult crops, the length of the short grain rod is 50-100mm, the height of the plate teeth is 80-100mm, and the plate teeth are installed on the side perpendicular to the axis of the threshing drum and close to the feeding inlet. At this time, the grid screen punching screen section The length ratio is 2-4; when removing easy-to-remove crops, the length of the short grain rod is 100-150mm, and the height of the plate teeth is 60-80mm. The length ratio of the grid screen punching screen section is 1-2.

The tangential feeding axial flow threshing and separation device provided by the present invention has high removal rate, less entrainment, low grain damage rate, light stalk crushing degree, less short stalks and the total amount of debris in the prolapsed matter, The direction distribution is relatively uniform, and the adaptability to the environment is strong. After simple adjustment, it can adapt to the threshing requirements of various crops. The structure is simple and the processing is convenient.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Figure 1 is a left view of the assembly of the axial flow threshing and separation device.

Figure 2 is a front view of the short grain rod.

Fig. 3 is a front view of the threshing cylinder.

Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of I in Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a front view of the plate teeth.

Fig. 6 is the assembling top view of short grain bar, plate tooth and grain bar seat when taking off easily off crop, and now plate tooth is installed on the hypotenuse of grain bar seat.

Fig. 7 is the assembly top view of short grain bar, plate tooth and grain bar seat when taking off difficult crops, and now plate tooth is installed on the straight edge of grain bar seat.

Figure 8 is a top view of the used separation concave plate when removing difficult-to-remove crops, and the grid section is longer at this moment.

Fig. 9 is a top view of the used separation concave plate when removing easy-to-remove crops, and the grid section is shorter at this moment.

Fig. 10 is an arrangement and expanded view of the short-grain rod-plate teeth composite threshing element on the threshing drum.

In the figure: 1. Drum shaft; 2. Short grain rod; 3. Grain rod seat; 4. Plate teeth; 5. Deflector; 6. Cylinder; 7. Grass outlet; ; 10. Grid sieve; 11. Perforated sieve;

Detailed ways

Figure 1 is the left view of the assembly of the axial flow threshing separation device, including the threshing cylinder and the concave plate. Plate teeth 4 are installed to form a composite threshing element, and the short grain bar-plate tooth composite threshing element is arranged in a spiral on the threshing drum as shown in Figure 10. The threshing and separation of crops is achieved by the combined action of the rubbing of the short grain rod 2 and the striking of the plate teeth 4. During the threshing process, there are both rubbing and impact, high cleaning rate, small entrainment loss, less grain damage, and low handle rate. , the stalk is lightly broken, and the impurity content in the prolapse is low; the length of the short-grained rod 2 is 50-150mm, and the height of the plate teeth 4 is 60-100mm; the separation concave plate adopts a grid-punching combination form, and the front section is a grid Sieve type 10, enhance the threshing and separation ability, so that the protruding matter is distributed as evenly as possible along the axial direction of the drum, the distance between the steel wires 9 is small at the front and large at the back, and the rear section is punching sieve type 11, which reduces the threshing ability, and the length ratio of the front and rear sections is 1~ 4. In addition, according to the characteristics of different crops, three arc-shaped deflectors 5 can be added at the feeding port of the threshing drum to better realize the feeding of crops into the threshing chamber.

When working, the power is input by the shaft 1, and the wheel hub and the cylinder 6 are driven to rotate together through the key, and the crops enter the threshing chamber from the feeding port 8 along the tangential direction of the threshing drum, and are pushed along the axial direction by the feeding deflector 5 at the beginning. The spiral advances, and at the same time, the crops are threshed under the combined action of the kneading of the short grain rod 2, the impact of the plate teeth 4 and the grid sieve 10, and then spirally moves along the top cover guide plate, so as to repeatedly achieve threshing and separation until After reaching the end of the threshing chamber, the grains, miscellaneous residues and short stalks are separated by the concave plate, and the rest of the stalks are thrown out from the grass outlet 7. When removing rice, the length of the short grain bar 2 is 90mm, and the height of the plate teeth 4 is 85mm. The short grain bar 2 and the plate teeth 4 are installed on the grain bar seat 3 with bolts. As shown in Figure 7, the plate teeth are installed on the The axis of the drum is vertical, close to the side of the feeding inlet. At this time, the ratio of the length of the 10th section of the grid screen to the 11th section of the punching screen is 3.5, as shown in Figure 8; 4. The height is 75mm. The short threaded rod 2 and the plate tooth 4 are installed on the threaded rod seat 3 with bolts. As shown in Figure 6, the plate tooth 4 is installed at a certain inclination angle with the axis of the threshing cylinder, away from the side of the feeding port 8. The ratio of the length of the 10th section of the grid screen to the 11th section of the punching screen is 1.2, as shown in Figure 9.

Claims (5)

1. A tangentially fed axial flow threshing separation device, comprising a threshing cylinder and a concave plate, characterized in that: the threshing cylinder adopts a short grain rod-plate tooth composite structure, and the short grain rod (2) is installed on the grain rod seat (3 ), the plate teeth (4) are installed on the side of the grain bar seat to form a composite threshing element, which is arranged in a spiral manner on the cylinder (6) of the threshing drum, and the length of the short grain bar is 50-150mm , the plate tooth height is 60 ~ 100mm; the separation concave plate adopts the grid-punching combination form, the front section is a grid screen type (10), the distance between the steel wires (9) is small at the front and large at the back, and the rear section is a punching screen type (11 ), the length ratio of the anterior and posterior segments is 1-4. 2. The tangential feeding axial flow threshing and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the short grain rod (2) and plate teeth (4) are mounted on the grain rod seat (3) by bolts, and the thread rod seat (3) directly welded on the cylinder (6) of the threshing drum. 3. The tangential feeding axial flow threshing and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: three arc-shaped deflectors (5) are added to the feeding part of the threshing drum, and the installation direction is consistent with the spiral arrangement direction of the threshing elements . 4. The tangential feeding axial flow threshing and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: when removing difficult crops, the length of the short grain rod is 50-100 mm, the height of the blade teeth is 80-100 mm, and the blade teeth are installed Perpendicular to the axis of the threshing drum, on the side close to the feeding inlet, the length ratio of the perforated screen section of the grid sieve is 2-4. 5. The tangential feeding axial flow threshing and separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: when removing easy-to-remove crops, the length of the short grain rod is 100-150 mm, the height of the blade teeth is 60-80 mm, and the blade teeth are installed It forms a certain inclination angle with the axis of the threshing drum, away from the side of the feeding port, and the length ratio of the punching screen section of the grid screen is 1-2.

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