CN101090866A - 黑色氮氧化钛 - Google Patents
黑色氮氧化钛 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101090866A CN101090866A CNA2005800452012A CN200580045201A CN101090866A CN 101090866 A CN101090866 A CN 101090866A CN A2005800452012 A CNA2005800452012 A CN A2005800452012A CN 200580045201 A CN200580045201 A CN 200580045201A CN 101090866 A CN101090866 A CN 101090866A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- weight
- atoms
- oxynitrides
- tin
- Prior art date
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 abstract 2
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- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有优异屏蔽性能(光阻性能)以及在黑度和氧化稳定性方面同样优异的氮氧化钛。具体而言,公开了一种氮氧化钛,其具有TiNxOy·nSiO2(其中Ti表示钛原子;N表示氮原子;O表示氧原子;Si表示硅原子;x表示氮原子与钛原子的比例,y表示氧原子与钛原子的比例,x和y分别为大于0且小于2的实数;n表示SiO2与TiNxOy的摩尔比,是0≤n≤0.05的实数)表示的化学组成。所述氮氧化钛包含以N表示的氮原子的量不小于17重量%但小于23重量%,同时具有的比表面积为5-30m2/g,且通过使用X-射线衍射仪测定的微晶尺寸为17-25nm。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种黑色氮氧化钛。
背景技术
氮氧化钛为主要由钛-氧-氮组成、通常由TiNxOy表示且称为钛黑的化合物。因为氮氧化钛具有黑色的颜色和导电性,所以将其作为黑色颜料加入树脂、油漆、油墨、化妆品等中,以及作为赋予导电性的试剂包含在膜、纤维、调色剂、磁记录介质等中。作为这种氮氧化钛,例如专利文献1公开了一种含有4-30重量%氧和5-20重量%氮(O/N重量比:6-0.2),且L值为14-8的黑色氮氧化钛颜料粉末,其可通过在550-950℃的温度下在氨气流动下加热二氧化钛粉末而得到。
另一方面,还已知为用作黑色颜料的钛化合物的主要由钛-氮组成且通常由TiN表示的一氮化钛,例如专利文献2公开了一种主要由TiN组成且含有1-4重量%氧和20-30重量%氮的黑色一氮化钛粉末,其通过使四氯化钛气体和氨气在700-1500℃的温度下反应制备TiN粉末,然后流过氮-氧混合气体将粉末的表面层氧化为氮氧化钛而得到。
专利文献1:JP-B-3-51645
专利文献2:JP-A-64-37408
发明内容
本发明拟解决的问题
对于使用氮氧化钛或一氮化钛作为黑色颜料,取决于应用需要在颜料特性如黑度、染色本领、遮盖性能(光阻性能)、耐光性、耐久性和分散性方面的改进。尤其是对于加入用于等离子显示板或彩色液晶显示装置的滤色器的黑色基质中的氮氧化钛,需要在遮盖性能(光阻性能)方面进一步改进,因为市售钛黑不能产生所需的遮盖性能(光阻性能)。然而,专利文献1公开了在反应温度超过950℃时,粉末极度烧结,导致粗糙的颗粒引起颜料特性的恶化,因此即使在进一步升高反应温度时,颜料特性也几乎不可能得到进一步改进。
对于一氮化钛,尽管如专利文献2所公开,部分TiN粉末的表面层部分氧化形成氮氧化钛,存在的问题是在空气中氧化逐步进行,因此颜料特性不稳定。
解决问题的手段
本发明人员进行了深入研究以解决上述问题,结果已发现当通过使二氧化钛或类似物与氨气或类似物反应而产生的氮氧化钛中的氮含量增加至不小于17重量%且小于23重量%,而且构成氮氧化钛颗粒的微晶尺寸降低至17-25nm时,除由于尺寸效应通过黑色吸收可见光之外,利用由于高氮化度反射可见光,使得氮氧化钛具有优异的遮盖性能(光阻性能),此外,氮氧化钛具有颜料特性如黑度,尤其是氧化稳定性。本发明因此得以完成。
就是说,本发明涉及一种黑色氮氧化钛,其具有由式:TiNxOy·nSiO2(其中Ti表示钛原子,N表示氮原子,O表示氧原子,Si表示硅原子,x表示氮原子与钛原子的比例,y表示氧原子与钛原子的比例,x和y可分别为大于0且小于2的实数,以及n表示SiO2与TiNxOy的摩尔比且可为0≤n≤0.05的实数)表示的化学组成,以不小于17重量%且小于23重量%的量包含由N表示的氮原子,并且具有的通过使用X-射线衍射仪测定的微晶直径为17-25nm。
本发明的优点
本发明的氮氧化钛具有优异的遮盖性能(光阻性能)和颜料特性如黑度和氧化稳定性,并作为黑色颜料用于各种用途。尤其是将氮氧化钛用作包含在用于等离子显示板和彩色液晶显示装置的滤色器黑色基质中的黑色颜料,此外还可用于阻隔可见光的光学部件如玻璃、透镜和膜中。此外,由于本发明的氮氧化钛氮化度高,因此具有优异的导电性,其还可以用作赋予导电性的试剂。
本发明的最佳实施方式
(1)氮氧化钛的组成:
本发明的氮氧化钛由TiNxOy表示,需要的话可含有由SiO2表示的氧化硅,并且氧化硅可与氮氧化钛形成混合物或可附着在氮氧化钛颗粒的表面,或可与氮氧化钛形成复合材料或可以固溶体状态溶解于氮氧化钛颗粒中。因此,本发明的氮氧化钛可由式:TiNxOy·nSiO2表示,在该式中Ti表示钛原子,N表示氮原子,O表示氧原子,Si表示硅原子,x表示氮原子与钛原子的比例,y表示氧原子与钛原子的比例,n表示SiO2与TiNxOy的摩尔比,x和y可分别为大于0且小于2的实数,为得到具有所需高氮化度的氮氧化钛,y/x的比例优选为0.10-0.60,更优选0.15-0.30,进一步优选0.15-0.40,最优选0.15-0.30。氮氧化钛可含有或不含有氧化硅,并且期望氧化硅具有在生产氮氧化钛过程中抑制烧结、加速氮化和提供氮氧化钛的氧化稳定性的作用,以及使氮氧化钛分散在树脂或溶剂中时具有分散作用,并且其可为无水氧化硅,其中吸附有水的氧化硅或者含水氧化硅。当在高温下使用生产氮氧化钛时,该氧化硅易于变为无水氧化硅。氧化硅据认为以SiO2态存在,在与氨气或胺气在高温下灼烧而生产氮氧化钛的情况下,部分氧化硅可氮化产生氮氧化物或氮化物,并且硅的氮氧化物或氮化物可存在于本发明中。氧化硅的摩尔比n可为0≤n≤0.05、优选为0.001≤n≤0.04、更优选为0.003≤≤n≤0.03的实数。
钛原子和硅原子通过ICP发射光谱化学分析进行分析,氧原子通过惰气熔融红外吸收法分析,氮原子通过碳氢氮元素分析仪分析,x和n由所得分析值计算。在存在硅原子的情况下,假定硅原子与氧原子键接成为二氧化硅SiO2,将从氧原子的分析值中减去与硅原子键接形成SiO2的氧原子量得到的值作为TiNxOy中的氧原子量,y由其计算。
(2)在氮氧化钛中的氮含量和氧含量:
重要的是TiNxOy·nSiO2中由N表示的氮的含量不小于17重量%且小于23重量%,并且所述含量优选为19-22重量%,更优选18-22重量%,进一步优选超过20重量%且不超过22重量%。当氮含量不小于17重量%,尤其是超过20重量%时,氮氧化钛具有红黑色,但当其包含在涂膜中时,该膜显示出金属光泽而改进对可见光的反射率并增加遮盖性能(光阻性能)。在一氮化钛TiN的组成中,氮含量为约23重量%,而在本发明的氮氧化钛中氮含量小于在TiN中的含量。
另一方面,当在TiNxOy中由O表示的氧的含量为0.5-15重量%时,几乎不随时间进行氧化且氮氧化钛稳定,并且优选该范围。氧含量更优选为1-13重量%,进一步优选2-11重量%,更优选3-10重量%,最优选4-9重量%。
(3)氮氧化钛的X-射线衍射:
在氮氧化钛的X-射线衍射(使用Cuα射线)中,观察到在2θ为40-45°之间的主(第一)峰且在2θ为35-40°之间的第二峰,并且随着氮含量的改变,第一峰的角度逐渐移动。例如,当TiNxOy中的x为0.85-1时,随着x增加,峰的位置向较小的角度侧移动,当x为约0.95时,2θ为约42.9°,当x为约0.93时,2θ为约43.0°,当x为约0.89时,2θ为约43.2°。由于与氮氧化钛的主峰(42.6°)位置不同,本发明的氮氧化钛的主(第一)峰在较大角度侧如42.7-43.5°的范围内确定,因此本发明的氮氧化钛与一氮化钛或表面部分氧化的一氮化钛不同。此外,氮氧化钛通过在氨气、胺气或类似物存在下加热并灼烧钛氧化物如二氧化钛、含水钛氧化物、氢氧化钛以及较低有序的钛氧化物如TiO、Ti2O3和Ti3O5而得到,因此在用作原料的钛氧化物剩余的情况下,可确认源自二氧化钛或类似物的X-射线衍射峰。在本发明中,优选使还原进行至杂质二氧化钛或类似物不能在X-射线衍射峰上确认的程度。对于锐钛矿型二氧化钛,二氧化钛的X-射线衍射峰出现在25-26°,对于金红石型二氧化钛,出现在27-28°。另一方面,甚至在氧化硅以显著量存在时也不能确认其X-射线衍射峰。
构成氮氧化钛颗粒的微晶尺寸可通过下式1的Scherrer公式由氮氧化钛X-射线衍射主(第一)峰的半宽得到。市售钛黑具有的微晶直径为26nm,但重要的是本发明的氮氧化钛具有的微晶直径为17-25nm。在该范围内,即使氮化度增加,由于尺寸效应氮氧化钛也具有相对高的黑度,因此优选该范围。微晶直径的范围更优选为19-24nm,进一步优选19.5-23nm,最优选20-22nm。
式1:D=0.9λ/(β1/2×cosθ)
(在式1中,D为待计算的微晶直径(),λ为X-射线的波长,使用1.54的Cuα射线,β1/2指主(第一)峰的半宽(弧度)且θ指反射角。
(4)氮氧化钛的黑度:
氮氧化钛具有黑色的颜色,其包括纯黑和其它颜色如蓝黑、紫黑、红黑和棕黑。氮氧化钛的亮度和色调以如下方式得到。即,将1.5g试样置于由玻璃制成的圆形池(部件编号1483,由Nippon Denshoku Industries Co.,Ltd.生产)中并使用差示比色计(由Nippon Denshoku Industries Co.,Ltd.生产的Color Meter ZE2000)从池的底部进行比色,并且由Lab颜色体系得到亮度和色调。黑度由心理测量亮度值L表示,并且值L越小黑度越高。本发明的氮氧化钛以值L表示具有的黑度例如可为约2-20,优选约8-13。
此外,以与值L相同方式得到的Lab颜色体系的值a和值b为显示色调饱和度的指数,并且值a在正侧越大,表明红色越强,而值a在负侧越大,表明绿色越强,并且值b在正侧越大,表明黄色越强,而值b在负侧越大,表明蓝色越强。本发明的氮氧化钛具有的色调例如作为值a为约2-5,作为值b为约-1至5。
(5)氮氧化钛的可见光反射率:
由于氮氧化钛带有黑色的颜色,其自然很大地吸收可见光,但为了进一步改进遮盖性能,除可见光的吸收之外,还考虑利用可见光的反射。即,当400-800nm波长范围内的反射率的最小值越小且较长波长区可见光的反射率越高时,可得到越高的遮盖性能(光阻性能)。关于对可见光的反射,使用紫外和可见分光光度计(V-570,由JASCO Corporation生产)测量填充在圆柱体池(直径为16mm的Model PSH-001,由JASCO Corporation生产)中的0.3g氮氧化钛粉末的可见光反射光谱(使用硫酸钡粉末作为参比样品),通常而言,在400-800nm波长区域内显示最小反射率值的光的波长存在,而具有的波长超过上述区域的光被反射。因此,如果通过改变氮氧化钛的组成,使显示最小反射率值的光的波长向较低波长侧移动,可增加可见光的反射。作为从这个角度进行研究的结果,可以确定由于本发明的氮氧化钛黑度高且微晶直径小,显示最小反射率值的光的波长由于尺寸效应而向较低波长侧移动。当显示最小反射率值的波长小于约550nm时,可得到所需的反射效果,因此优选上述波长范围,更优选小于约490nm。最小反射率值取决于氮氧化钛的微晶直径、比表面积和氮化度而变化,而本发明的氮氧化钛具有特定的微晶直径、比表面积和氮含量等,因此可降低最小反射率值并增加在上述波长的吸收率。在400-800nm的波长范围内测得的最小反射率值优选为11.5%或更小。此外,当显示的可见光反射率表示为在650nm(红光)波长的反射率时,优选反射率为至少约11%,更优选至少约13%,进一步优选至少约14%,最优选至少约15%。因此,在本发明中,优选在650nm波长的反射率为至少11%,显示最小反射率值的波长存在于550nm或更小,且最小值为11.5%或更小。
(6)氮氧化钛的粒径:
当通过用电子显微镜观察测量的TiNxOy·nSiO2颗粒具有的粒径为0.02-0.5μm时,它们具有优异的遮盖性能,因此优选该范围,更优选该范围为0.02-0.25μm,进一步优选0.03-0.2μm,最优选0.03-0.1μm。在含有氧化硅的情况下,不能通过电子显微镜确定它的存在,但假定氧化硅附着在氮氧化钛颗粒的表面上。
(7)氮氧化钛的比表面积:
当通过BET法测量的氮氧化钛的比表面积为5-30m2/g时,氮氧化钛易于分散在树脂粘合剂中,得到优异的遮盖性能,优选上述范围,并更优选10-25m2/g。
(8)粉末电阻:
在将氮氧化钛用作赋予导电性的试剂的情况下,优选粉末电阻较低,即电导率较高。另一方面,在作为滤色器的黑色基质用于IPS(in-planeswitching(共面转换))型彩色显示系统或用于不是IPS系统的小型彩色显示系统时,如果黑色基质具有导电性,则易于发生错误操作。用于上述用途的氮氧化钛的粉末电阻优选为1Ω·cm或更高,更优选10Ω·cm或更高。
(9)生产氮氧化钛的方法:
本发明的氮氧化钛可通过在含氮还原剂存在下将装有钛氧化物的装置的温度升高至约750-1200℃通过加热灼烧而生产。加热和灼烧温度优选为约850-1100℃,更优选约950-1050℃,最优选约970-1000℃。在本发明中,氮化度较高且微晶直径较小的氮氧化钛可通过使加热和灼烧温度最优化而生产。如果加热和灼烧温度低于上述范围,则氮化几乎不能进行并且几乎不能得到所需的氮氧化钛,而如果温度高于上述范围,则会发生烧结并且几乎不能得到细颗粒。加热和灼烧时间可任选设定,因为其取决于所用的钛氧化物或含氮还原剂的量而变化,并且合适的是操作约1-20小时,优选3-10小时。此外,可在加热和灼烧之后进行冷却,然后可进一步重复加热和灼烧。作为加热和灼烧装置,可使用已知装置如流化床装置、回转窑和隧道窑,尤其优选回转窑。作为含氮还原剂,可使用,例如氨、烷基胺如甲基胺和二甲基胺、肼和肼化合物如硫酸肼和盐酸肼,这些化合物各自可单独使用或以两种或多种混合使用。在这些化合物中,优选氨和烷基胺,因为它们可以以气体形式与钛氧化物接触并且可均匀地进行反应。此外,在这些含氮还原剂中加入少量氮气、氢气或烃可加速氮化并且是优选的。尤其优选烃,因为它与钛氧化物中的氧反应变成二氧化碳,并因此可抑制阻碍氮化反应的水的产生。
本发明中涉及的钛氧化物包括如下化合物:通常的二氧化钛如金红石型(R型)和锐钛矿型(A型)以及水合钛氧化物、含水钛氧化物、氢氧化钛以及较低有序的钛氧化物如TiO、Ti2O3和Ti3O5。二氧化钛例如通过在约800-1000℃的温度下在空气或含氧气体气氛或惰性气体气氛如氮气或氩气下加热和灼烧含水钛氧化物(或氢氧化钛)而得到。含水钛氧化物例如以如下方式得到。即,将含钛矿石如钛铁矿或钛块(需要的话进行研磨)溶于硫酸中,以使钛组分与硫酸反应而产生硫酸氧钛(TiOSO4),随后通过静置、过滤分级,然后加热水解硫酸氧钛而得到所需的含水钛氧化物。如果在氮化反应(其包括在含氮还原剂存在下加热和灼烧钛氧化物)中存在水,则氮化反应变得难以进行,因此优选使用二氧化钛而不是水合钛氧化物、含水钛氧化物和氢氧化钛,更优选使用锐钛矿型二氧化钛,因为它比金红石型二氧化钛更容易氮化。
在本发明中,当将氧化硅涂覆在钛氧化物颗粒的表面上,然后加热灼烧钛氧化物颗粒时,甚至在上述范围的较高温度下颗粒也很难烧结,此外氮化易于进行,因为在反应过程中几乎不产生金红石型钛氧化物,因此可容易地得到细的氮氧化钛。因此,优选用氧化硅涂覆。氧化硅可以以多孔氧化硅或致密氧化硅的形式涂覆,但优选以致密形式的氧化硅涂覆,因为可易于得到抑制烧结的效果。以摩尔比n表示的氧化硅对通过加热和灼烧得到的TiNxOy的涂覆量可以为0≤n≤0.05,优选0.001≤n≤0.04,更优选0.003≤n≤0.03。如果氧化硅的涂覆量低于上述范围,则几乎不能得到所需的抑制烧结的效果,而如果超过上述范围,则氮化很难进行。
为了涂覆致密氧化硅,可使用公开于JP-A-53-33228、JP-A-7-8971等中的已知方法。公开于JP-A-53-33228中的方法包括向温度保持在80-100℃且pH优选调至9-10.5的钛氧化物浆液中快速加入硅酸钠,随后在9-10.5的pH下中和,然后将温度在80-100℃下保持50-60分钟。公开于JP-A-7-8971中的方法包括将钛氧化物浆液的pH调至9.5-11,然后在60℃或更高,优选70℃或更高,进一步优选90℃或更高的温度下经30-120分钟逐步加入硅酸盐,然后中和浆液,然后在保持浆液温度的同时将浆液保持60-120分钟。硅酸钠、硅酸钾等可用作硅酸盐,酸性化合物例如无机酸如硫酸和盐酸,以及有机酸如乙酸和甲酸可用作中和剂。在涂覆氧化硅之后,优选对浆液进行脱水、洗涤以及加热和灼烧步骤。
涂覆多孔氧化硅的方法包括快速加入硅酸钠并将钛氧化物浆液的温度保持在70℃或更低,随后中和并在70℃或更低的温度下保持30分钟或更短的时间。
需要的话,可将如此生产的氮氧化钛通过已知方法进行干磨或可制成浆液,随后湿磨、脱水、干燥,然后干磨。立式砂磨机、水平砂磨机或类似装置可用于湿磨,带式加热器、分批加热器或类似装置可用于干燥,冲击磨机如锤磨机或针磨机,研磨机如粉碎机,空气磨机如喷射磨或蜗结磨机(snail mill),诸如喷雾干燥器的装置可用于干磨。
(10)氮氧化钛的表面处理:
本发明的氮氧化钛颗粒表面可用至少一种选自无机化合物和有机化合物的化合物涂覆,以改进对树脂粘合剂的亲和性或在油漆储存过程中随时间的稳定性或改进产率。无机化合物包括:例如,铝化合物、硅化合物、锆化合物、锡化合物、钛化合物和锑化合物,并且这些化合物各自可单独涂覆或可层压它们中的两种或多种的涂层,或者可以涂覆两种或多种无机化合物的混合物。更优选至少一种无机化合物选自氧化物、氢氧化物、水合氧化物和磷酸盐。有机化合物包括:例如,多元醇、链烷醇胺或其衍生物、有机硅化合物、高级脂肪酸或其金属盐以及有机金属化合物。其具体实例为(1)三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟丙基乙烷、季戊四醇等作为多元醇;(2)三乙醇胺、三丙醇胺等作为链烷醇胺;(3)作为有机硅化合物,(a)聚硅氧烷(聚二甲基硅氧烷、甲基氢聚硅氧烷、聚甲基苯基硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷二醇、烷基改性的硅油、烷基芳烷基改性的硅油、氨基改性的硅油、两端均氨基改性的硅油、环氧改性的硅油、两端均环氧改性的硅油、氟改性的硅油等),以及(b)有机硅烷(烷基硅烷如正丁基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、正己基三甲氧基硅烷、正己基三乙氧基硅烷、正辛基三甲氧基硅烷、正辛基三乙氧基硅烷、正癸基三甲氧基硅烷、正十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷和正十八烷基甲基二甲氧基硅烷,苯基硅烷如苯基三乙氧基硅烷,非反应性硅烷例如氟硅烷如三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷,硅烷偶联剂如氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-(β-氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-苯基-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三氯硅烷、γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、β-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷);(4)硬脂酸、月桂酸等作为高级脂肪酸,以及镁盐、锌盐等作为高级脂肪酸的金属盐;(5)作为有机金属化合物,钛偶联剂如异丙基三异硬脂酰基钛酸酯、异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酸酯)钛酸酯、四(2,2-二烯丙氧基甲基-1-丁基)双(双十三烷基)亚磷酸酯钛酸酯、双(二辛基焦磷酸酯)羟乙酸钛酸酯、双(二辛基焦磷酸酯)亚乙基钛酸酯和异丙基三(N-酰氨基乙基·氨基乙基)钛酸酯,铝偶联剂如乙酰基烷氧基二异丙酸铝,锆化合物如三丁氧基乙酰丙酮锆和三丁氧基硬脂酸锆等。这些化合物各自可单独涂覆或以两种或多种组合涂覆。涂覆量可任选设定,且基于氮氧化钛优选为约0.01-30重量%,更优选0.05-10重量%,进一步优选0.1-5重量%。可使用已知方法如湿法或干法,例如,在干磨氮氧化钛时,或在形成浆液时或在湿磨时,将无机化合物或有机化合物涂覆至氮氧化钛表面。在通过湿法进行表面处理的情况下,优选在处理之前或在处理过程中湿磨氮氧化钛。通过湿法处理表面可在水体系或溶剂体系中进行,从环境、费用和装置的角度看优选含水体系。然而,当使用水体系时,尤其是在进行湿磨时,氮氧化钛与水本身或溶解在水中的氧发生轻微氧化,因此优选在还原剂如肼、硼氢化钠、甲醛、酒石酸、葡萄糖、次磷酸钠或N-N-二乙基甘氨酸钠存在下进行湿磨。
(11)含有氮氧化钛的组合物
当本发明的黑色氮氧化钛作为黑色颜料或赋予导电性的试剂包含在树脂如油漆,油墨或塑料模制品如膜中时,可得到利用了氮氧化钛的优异遮盖性能(光阻性能)、黑度和导电性能的树脂组合物。在这种树脂组合物中,可含有任选量,优选20重量%或更高的本发明的黑色氮氧化钛,此外,可在树脂组合物中加入用于各领域的形成组合物的材料以及各种添加剂。在制备油漆或油墨的情况下,向组合物中加入形成涂膜的材料或形成油墨膜的材料、溶剂、分散剂、颜料、填料、增稠剂、流动控制剂、匀化剂、固化剂、交联剂、固化催化剂等。作为形成涂膜的材料,可使用有机组分如丙烯酸类树脂、醇酸树脂、聚氨酯树脂、聚酯树脂和氨基树脂,或无机组分如有机硅酸盐和有机钛酸盐,并且作为形成油墨膜的材料,可使用聚氨酯树脂、丙烯酸类树脂、聚酰胺树脂、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物树脂以及氯化的乙酸乙烯酯树脂、氯化的丙烯树脂等。对于这些形成涂膜的材料和形成油墨膜的材料,可使用热固性树脂、冷固性树脂、紫外固化树脂等,其并不受特别限制,并且当使用其中加入光聚合引发剂或光敏剂的单体或低聚物的紫外固化树脂,并且使树脂在涂覆后用紫外线辐照固化时,对基材不施加热负载,因此可得到在硬度和粘合方面优异的涂膜。在塑料模制品的情况下,将塑料、颜料、染料、分散剂、润滑剂、抗氧化剂、紫外光吸收剂、光稳定剂、抗静电剂、阻燃剂、杀菌剂等与本发明的黑色氮氧化钛一起掺入,随后模制成任选形式如膜。作为塑料,可使用热塑性树脂如聚烯烃树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、聚酯树脂、丙烯酸类树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、氟烃树脂、聚酰胺树脂、纤维素树脂和聚乳酸树脂,以及热固性树脂如酚树脂和聚氨酯树脂。
实施例
本发明将通过如下实施例和对比例更详细说明,这不应解释为对本发明的限制。
实施例1
1.在二氧化钛上涂覆氧化硅:
将水合氧化钛以基于TiO2为300g的量悬浮于1升水中以制备浆液,用氢氧化钠水溶液将浆液的pH调至10,然后将浆液加热至70℃,之后将硅酸钠水溶液经2小时滴加入浆液中。接着将浆液加热至90℃,然后将稀硫酸经2小时滴加入浆液中以将浆液中和至pH为5,此外将其保持30分钟。之后,将浆液脱水、洗涤,并另外在850℃下在空气中灼烧5小时,以得到涂覆致密氧化硅(以SiO2计0.3重量%)的二氧化钛。所得二氧化钛为锐钛矿型。
2.还原灼烧二氧化钛:
然后,将上述涂覆氧化硅的二氧化钛装入内径为7.5cm的石英管中,并将石英管在980℃下加热6小时,同时使氨气以10升/分钟的速率通过该管。然后,将所得产物在相同气氛下冷却至100℃,并通过将其放置在空气中进一步冷却至常温,得到本发明的氮氧化钛,其具有式TiN0.95O0.20·0.01SiO2表示的化学组成(试样A)。
实施例2
将水合氧化钛在空气中在850℃下灼烧5小时以得到未涂覆氧化硅的二氧化钛。所得二氧化钛为金红石型。将所述未涂覆氧化硅的二氧化钛装入内径为7.5cm的石英管中,并将石英管在980℃下加热3小时,同时使氨气以10升/分钟的速率通过该管。然后,将所得产物在相同气氛下冷却至100℃,并通过将其放置在空气中进一步冷却至常温。在此阶段,在X-射线衍射中,除氮氧化钛的峰外,还辨别出金红石型钛氧化物的峰。再将产物装入内径为7.5cm的石英管中,并将石英管在980℃下加热3小时,同时使氨气以10升/分钟的速率通过该管。然后,将所得产物在相同的气氛下冷却至100℃,并通过将其放置在空气中进一步冷却至常温,得到本发明的氮氧化钛,其具有式TiN0.96O0.19·0SiO2表示的化学组成(试样B)。
实施例3
以与实施例1相同的方式得到具有式TiN0.93O0.31·0.01SiO2表示的化学组成的本发明氮氧化钛(试样C),不同之处在于在980℃下加热并还原3小时。
实施例4
以与实施例1相同的方式得到具有式TiN0.89O0.48·0.01SiO2表示的化学组成的本发明氮氧化钛(试样D),不同之处在于加热和还原条件为900℃和3小时。
对比例1
将以与实施例1相同的方式用氧化硅(以SiO2计9重量%)涂覆的二氧化钛装入内径为7.5cm的石英管中,并将石英管在900℃下加热3小时,同时使氨气以10升/分钟的速率通过该管。然后,将所得产物在相同气氛下冷却至100℃,并通过将其放置在空气中进一步冷却至常温,得到氮氧化钛,其具有式TiN0.88O0.64·0.11SiO2表示的化学组成(试样E)。
对比例2
将具有TiN0.75O0.58·0.001SiO2表示的化学组成的市售钛黑(13M-C,由Mitsubishi Material Co.,Ltd.制备)用作试样F。
在实施例和对比例中得到的试样A-F的组成和特性示于表1。可以看出与对比例中的相比,本发明氮氧化钛的氮含量高且微晶直径小,因此在这些氮氧化钛中,显示最小可见光反射率的波长向较低波长侧移动,并且可见光反射率较高。此外,可以看出本发明的氮氧化钛具有的颜料特性与对比例中的那些相似。
表1
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | |
组成化学式 | TiN0.95O0.20.0.01SiO2 | TiN0.96O0.19.0SiO2 | TiN0.93O0.31.0.01SiO2 | TiN0.89O0.48.0.01SiO2 | TiN0.88O0.64.0.11SiO2 | TiN0.75O0.58.0.001SiO2 |
O/N摩尔比 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.33 | 0.54 | 0.73 | 0.77 |
氮含量(重量%) | 20.9 | 21.1 | 19.4 | 18.2 | 15.8 | 15.6 |
氧含量(重量%) | 5.3 | 4.9 | 7.6 | 11.5 | 17.7 | 14.1 |
0/N重量比 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.39 | 0.63 | 1.10 | 0.88 |
x+y | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.23 | 1.37 | 1.52 | 1.33 |
氧化硅含量(重量%) | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 8.6 | 0.1 |
二氧化钛在X-射线衍射上的存在 | 不存在 | 不存在 | 不存在 | 不存在 | 不存在 | 存在(R和A型两者) |
氮氧化钛在X-射线衍射上的主峰的反射角(°) | 42.9 | 42.9 | 43.0 | 43.2 | 43.1 | 43.0 |
值L | 12.8 | 12.4 | 10.2 | 8.1 | 6.5 | 10.6 |
值a | 3.2 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 1.8 |
值b | 3.9 | 3.2 | 1.5 | -1.2 | -2.0 | 0.0 |
最小反射光的波长(nm) | 470~480 | 470~490 | 480~500 | 540~550 | 560~600 | 500~530 |
最小反射率(%) | 11.2 | 11.2 | 11.2 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 11.8 |
650nm的光反射率(%) | 15.9 | 14.8 | 13.4 | 11.8 | 10.3 | 13.6 |
粒径(μm) | 0.03~0.10 | 0.03~0.10 | 0.03~0.08 | 0.03~0.08 | 0.01~0.03 | 0.03~0.10 |
比表面积(m2/g) | 11.0 | 15.4 | 19.3 | 21.7 | 79.8 | 17.0 |
微晶直径(nm) | 20 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 16 | 26 |
氧化稳定性 | 好 | 好 | 好 | 好 | 好 | 好 |
实施例5
1.在二氧化钛上涂覆氧化硅:
将水合氧化钛基于TiO2以300g的量悬浮于1升水中以制备浆液,用氢氧化钠水溶液将浆液的pH调至10,然后将浆液加热至70℃,之后将硅酸钠水溶液经2小时滴加入浆液中。接着将浆液加热至90℃,然后将稀硫酸经2小时滴加入浆液中以将浆液中和至pH为5,此外将浆液保持30分钟。然后,将浆液脱水、洗涤,并且在850℃下在空气中灼烧5小时,得到涂覆致密氧化硅(以SiO2计0.3重量%)的二氧化钛。所得二氧化钛为锐钛矿型。
2.还原灼烧二氧化钛:
然后,将上述涂覆氧化硅的二氧化钛装入内径为25.5cm的SUS310管中,并将SUS310管在980℃下加热3小时,同时使氨气以265升/分钟的速率通过该管。然后,将所得产物在相同气氛下冷却至100℃,并通过将其放置在空气中进一步冷却至常温,得到氮含量为20.0重量%的本发明氮氧化钛(试样G)。
实施例6
将27.5g在实施例5中得到的氮氧化钛(试样G)、64ml水和161.8g0.5mmφ的锆石珠装入玻璃瓶中并经由油漆调节器(Model#5110,由RedDevil Equipment Co.,Ltd.生产)研磨,随后除去锆石珠以得到湿磨浆液。在室温下,用纯水将所得湿磨浆液的浓度调至250g/升,用硫酸将浆液的pH调至7.0,随后加入0.55gγ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷,并将浆液保持80分钟。然后将浆液加热至80℃,搅拌2小时,调至2.5的pH,然后脱水、洗涤并干燥,得到用2重量%γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷表面处理的氮氧化钛(试样H)。
实施例7
将27.5g在实施例5中得到的氮氧化钛(试样G)、64ml水和161.8g0.5mmφ的锆石珠装入玻璃瓶中并经由油漆调节器(Model #5110,由RedDevil Equipment Co.,Ltd.生产)研磨,随后除去锆石珠以得到湿磨浆液。在室温下,用纯水将所得湿磨浆液的浓度调至250g/升,随后加入0.55g异丙基三(N-酰氨基乙基·氨基乙基)钛酸酯,并将浆液保持20分钟。然后将浆液脱水、洗涤并干燥,得到用2重量%异丙基三(N-酰氨基乙基·氨基乙基)钛酸酯表面处理的氮氧化钛(试样I)。
实施例8
将27.5g在实施例5中得到的氮氧化钛(试样G)、64ml水和161.8g0.5mmφ的锆石珠装入玻璃瓶中并经由油漆调节器(Model#5110,由RedDevil Equipment Co.,Ltd.生产)研磨,随后除去锆石珠以得到湿磨浆液。在室温下,用纯水将所得湿磨浆液的浓度调至250g/升,随后加入由0.55g异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酸酯)钛酸酯和0.27g三乙基胺组成的混合溶液,将浆液保持20分钟,用硫酸将pH调至4.5,脱水、洗涤并干燥,得到用2重量%异丙基三(二辛基焦磷酸酯)钛酸酯表面处理的氮氧化钛(试样J)。
实施例9
将27.5g在实施例5中得到的氮氧化钛(试样G)、64ml水和161.8g0.5mmφ的锆石珠装入玻璃瓶中并经由油漆调节器(Model #5110,由RedDevil Equipment Co.,Ltd.生产)研磨,随后除去锆石珠以得到湿磨浆液。用纯水将所得湿磨浆液的浓度调至250g/升。将浆液加热至70℃,用氢氧化钠水溶液将浆液的pH调至10.5,然后经20分钟在浆液中滴加入铝酸钠水溶液,并将浆液搅拌20分钟。接着,经20分钟在浆液中滴加入稀硫酸以将浆液的pH中和至7.5,而且将浆液保持30分钟。然后将浆液脱水、洗涤并干燥,得到用0.5重量%氢氧化铝表面处理的氮氧化钛(试样K)。
在实施例中得到的试样G-K的组成和特性示于表2。可以看出本发明的用无机化合物或有机化合物涂覆的氮氧化钛电导率较低。
表2
实施例5 | 实施例6 | 实施例7 | 实施例8 | 实施例9 | |
氮含量(重量%) | 20.0 | 19.3 | 19.3 | 19.5 | 18.7 |
氧化硅含量(重量%) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
二氧化钛在X-射线衍射上的存在 | 不存在 | 不存在 | 不存在 | 不存在 | 不存在 |
氮氧化钛在X-射线衍射上的主峰的反射角(°) | 42.90 | 42.96 | 42.94 | 43.00 | 42.94 |
粒径(μm) | 0.03~0.10 | 0.03~0.10 | 0.03~0.10 | 0.03~0.10 | 0.03~0.10 |
比表面积(m2/g) | 16.0 | 22.3 | 25.0 | 21.5 | 22.8 |
微晶直径(nm) | 23 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 |
氧化稳定性 | 好 | 好 | 好 | 好 | 好 |
粉末电阻(Ω·cm) | 5.1×10-3 | 1.5×101 | 6.9×100 | 1.2×101 | 2.3×101 |
实施例中使用的测量方法如下所示。
(X-射线衍射)
装置:由Rigaku Corporation生产的RINT2200
管电压:40kv,管电流:30mA
扫描角度:2θ=20°-50°
扫描速度:2°/分钟,步长:0.020°
试样的辐照宽度:10mm,偏转狭缝宽度:1/2°,散射狭缝宽度:1/2°
接收狭缝宽度:0.15mm
(钛原子和硅原子的分析)
测量方法:ICP发射光谱化学分析
装置:由Shimadzu Corporation生产的GVM-1014
试样的预处理:将试样与盐酸和氢氟酸的混合物混合,将混合物在加压下密封在隔绝容器中,对容器进行加热处理。
(氧原子的分析)
测量方法:惰性气体熔融红外吸收法
装置:由LECO Corporation生产的TC436AR
测量方法:将试样和铂管引入石墨坩埚中并通过在高温下加热熔融。此时,试样中的氧与石墨坩埚反应产生一氧化碳。通过红外线监测所产生的一氧化碳以测定试样中氧的量。
(氮原子的分析)
装置:碳氢氮元素分析仪(由Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH生产的vario ELIII)
测量条件:
检测器:热导检测器
燃烧管温度:950℃
还原管温度:500℃
试样燃烧中引入氧气的时间:120秒
标准物质:乙酰苯胺
试样量:3mg(精确称重)
(氮氧化钛的亮度和色调)
将1.5g试样置于由玻璃制成的圆形池(部件编号1483,由NipponDenshoku Industries Co.,Ltd.生产)中并使用差示比色计(由NipponDenshoku Industries Co.,Ltd.生产的Color Meter ZE2000)从池的底部进行比色,并且由Lab颜色体系得到亮度和色调。
(氮氧化钛的反射率)
将0.3g氮氧化钛粉末填充在圆柱体池(直径为16mm的ModelPSH-001,由JASCO Corporation生产)中,并使用紫外和可见分光光度计(V-570,由JASCO Corporation生产)测量其可见光的反射光谱(使用硫酸钡粉末作为参比样品)。
(氮氧化钛的粒径)
方法:电子显微镜
装置:由Hitachi Ltd.生产的H-7000
施加电压:100V
放大率:负片印刷放大率:20,000×;照相纸印刷放大率:100,000×(比表面积值)
方法:简单的BET法(在液氮温度下的氮吸附)
装置:由Shimadzu Corporation生产的Flow SorbII 2300
试样量的测量:将约0.4g试样引入隔绝的池中,并精确称重测量比表面积之后的重量。
预处理:将试样在氮气中在150℃下脱气30分钟。
计算比表面积的方法:氮消除的公称值(m2)/试样量(g)
(氧化稳定性)
当氮氧化钛被氧化时,氮含量降低。因此,在室温下放置1个月后氮氧化钛中的氮含量不显著降低的试样被认为在氧化稳定性方面“好”,而氮含量急剧降低的试样被认为“差”。
(粉末电阻)
装置:由Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation生产的MCP-PD51
探针:MCP-PD511
试样量:2.5g
加压条件:63.7MPa
工业实用性
将本发明的氮氧化钛作为黑色颜料加入树脂、油漆、油墨、化妆品等中。尤其是,其作为黑色颜料用于加入到在等离子显示板或彩色液晶显示装置中使用的滤色器黑色基质中。还可将其作为阻隔可见光的光学材料加入到玻璃、透镜、膜等中。此外,本发明的氮氧化钛可作为赋予导电性的试剂用于膜、纤维、调色剂、磁记录介质等。
附图简述
图1为显示实施例1中得到的试样A的可见光反射光谱的曲线图。
图2为显示实施例2中得到的试样B的可见光反射光谱的曲线图。
图3为显示实施例3中得到的试样C的可见光反射光谱的曲线图。
图4为显示实施例4中得到的试样D的可见光反射光谱的曲线图。
图5为显示对比例1中得到的试样E的可见光反射光谱的曲线图。
图6为显示对比例2中得到的试样F的可见光反射光谱的曲线图。
Claims (5)
1.一种黑色氮氧化钛,其具有由式:TiNxOy·nSiO2(其中Ti表示钛原子,N表示氮原子,O表示氧原子,Si表示硅原子,x表示氮原子与钛原子的比例,y表示氧原子与钛原子的比例,x和y可分别为大于0且小于2的实数,以及n表示SiO2与TiNxOy的摩尔比且可为0≤n≤0.05的实数)表示的化学组成,包含以N表示的氮原子的量为不小于17重量%且小于23重量%,且具有的比表面积为5-30m2/g和通过使用X-射线衍射仪测定的微晶直径为17-25nm。
2.根据权利要求1的黑色氮氧化钛,其中通过紫外和可见分光光度计测量的650nm波长的反射率为至少11%,且在400-800nm的波长范围内的最小反射率值不超过11.5%。
3.根据权利要求1的黑色氮氧化钛,其中TiNxOy·nSiO2中所包含的由N表示的氮原子的量为19-22重量%。
4.根据权利要求1的黑色氮氧化钛,其中TiNxOy中y/x的比例为0.10-0.60。
5.根据权利要求1的黑色氮氧化钛,其中颗粒表面用0.01-30重量%的无机化合物和/或有机化合物进行涂覆。
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- 2005-12-27 TW TW094146782A patent/TW200631898A/zh unknown
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CN105916811A (zh) * | 2014-03-27 | 2016-08-31 | 三菱材料电子化成株式会社 | 黑色氮氧化钛颜料及其制造方法以及使用黑色氮氧化钛颜料的半导体密封用树脂化合物 |
CN105916811B (zh) * | 2014-03-27 | 2017-12-01 | 三菱材料电子化成株式会社 | 黑色氮氧化钛颜料及其制造方法以及使用黑色氮氧化钛颜料的半导体密封用树脂化合物 |
CN110072615A (zh) * | 2016-12-22 | 2019-07-30 | 昭和电工株式会社 | 氧还原催化剂 |
CN110072615B (zh) * | 2016-12-22 | 2020-06-30 | 昭和电工株式会社 | 氧还原催化剂 |
CN113661417A (zh) * | 2019-03-29 | 2021-11-16 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 组合物、遮光膜、滤色器、光学元件、传感器、固体摄像元件、前照灯单元 |
CN113661417B (zh) * | 2019-03-29 | 2023-09-26 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 组合物、遮光膜、滤色器、光学元件、传感器、固体摄像元件、前照灯单元 |
US12174340B2 (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2024-12-24 | Fujifilm Corporation | Composition, light shielding film, color filter, optical element, sensor, solid-state imaging element, and headlight unit |
CN110724396A (zh) * | 2019-09-24 | 2020-01-24 | 河北欧克新型材料股份有限公司 | 耐温黑色珠光颜料及其制备方法 |
CN110724396B (zh) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-10-01 | 河北欧克新型材料股份有限公司 | 耐温黑色珠光颜料及其制备方法 |
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KR101240091B1 (ko) | 2013-03-06 |
CN101090866B (zh) | 2011-08-17 |
US20080017835A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
TW200631898A (en) | 2006-09-16 |
WO2006070795A1 (ja) | 2006-07-06 |
US7491349B2 (en) | 2009-02-17 |
KR20070103407A (ko) | 2007-10-23 |
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