CN101080428B - 生产微孔聚氨酯弹性体的方法 - Google Patents
生产微孔聚氨酯弹性体的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101080428B CN101080428B CN2005800431336A CN200580043133A CN101080428B CN 101080428 B CN101080428 B CN 101080428B CN 2005800431336 A CN2005800431336 A CN 2005800431336A CN 200580043133 A CN200580043133 A CN 200580043133A CN 101080428 B CN101080428 B CN 101080428B
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- amine
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- dimethylamino
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- C08G18/0885—Removal of water or carbon dioxide from the reaction mixture or reaction components using additives, e.g. absorbing agents
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及可以通过使多异氰酸酯与具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物反应而生产的微孔聚氨酯弹性体。所述弹性体的特征在于它们含有由ai)磷含量为9.00-11.00重量%的芳族亚磷酸酯和aii)胺化合物组成的组合物a)。ai)与aii)的摩尔比为0.005-4.0。
Description
整体聚氨酯泡沫常常被称作“微孔聚氨酯弹性体”,而在下文中还称为“MPE”,它们为人们所知已经有一段时间了,例如用于生产鞋底。它们例如描述于Kunststoffhandbuch[塑料手册],第7卷“聚氨酯”,第3版,376页及随后各页中。它们通过使多异氰酸酯与具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物反应而制备。用于该反应的化合物常常为聚酯醇。这使材料具有突出的使用性能如高弹性、高拉伸强度和撕裂传播强度或低磨耗。同时,该体系可以以高的加工可靠性进行加工。基于聚酯醇的微孔聚氨酯弹性体的一个缺点在于材料的耐水解性低。所述低的耐水解性由酯基具有水解降解的固有倾向造成。酯基的断裂造成聚合物摩尔质量的下降并导致使用性能的恶化,在极端情况下可能导致材料的完全破坏。
因此过去已经采取了各种努力以提高该类材料的水解稳定性。
已经提出的改进基于聚酯醇的微孔聚氨酯弹性体的水解稳定性的一种方法是使用特殊的聚酯醇。这里应提到例如DE 3 144 968,其中使用了基于己二酸、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇和新戊二醇的聚酯醇。此外,为了使聚酯醇更具耐水解性,描述了聚酯醇的取代或部分取代。
另一种改进耐水解性的方法为使用特殊的添加剂,通常其用量小于10重量%。例如,EP 965 582描述了使用酸酐,而DE 19 710 978描述了使用内酯和碳二亚胺的结合。
然而,可由现有技术得到的解决方案通常具有缺点。在某些情况下,确实实现了更高的耐水解性,但同时在老化之前仅得到不足够的使用性能。另外,某些解决方案由于更高的原料成本而在实际上不可能实现。这可能例如在使用特殊聚酯醇或更高用量的特殊添加剂的情况下发生。许多可由现有技术得到的解决方案的另一个缺点是组分储存稳定性的下降。另外,尤其在对水解稳定性具有极高要求时,许多解决方案的效率过低。
在微孔聚氨酯弹性体中使用亚磷酸酯通常是公知的并且例如描述于Kunststoffhandbuch,第7卷,“聚氨酯”,第3版,第120页及随后各页中。此时,将亚磷酸酯用作抗氧化剂辅助剂。与典型抗氧化剂(如空间位阻酚)的结合使用导致了协同增效作用,同时防止热氧化过程的效率得以显著增加。
JP 61128904描述了4-14重量%的亚磷酸酯在基于聚酯醇的微孔聚氨酯弹性体中的使用。将基于酚和长链烷基的亚磷酸酯用作发黄抑制剂。所述亚磷酸酯用于预聚物中。JP 63278962描述了将基于聚酯的对UV稳定的MPE用于鞋底。将亚磷酸酯作为抗氧化剂辅助剂与作为抗氧化剂的空间位阻酚一起使用。重量比为1重量%。JP 63305162描述了用于基于聚酯醇的MPE的UV稳定包。这里尤其提到将亚磷酸三苯酯(TPP)作为抗氧化剂辅助剂与空间位阻酚结合使用。重量比为0.5重量%。JP 05214240描述了用于PU鞋底的UV保护,其尤其包含用量约为1%的硫代亚磷酸酯。JP2003147057描述了聚碳酸酯二醇在鞋中的用途。例如,提到了将约2重量%的TPP加入预聚物中。
文献JP 61128904、JP 63278962和JP 05214240通常描述了亚磷酸酯在基于聚酯的MPE中作为抗氧化剂辅助剂的用途。文件JP 63278962和JP63305162提到可以尤其将芳族亚磷酸酯在对异氰酸酯呈反应性的组分中用作抗氧化剂。文件JP 2003147057描述了芳族亚磷酸酯在基于聚醚碳酸酯醇的微孔聚氨酯弹性体中的用途。
本发明的目的是提供用于基于聚酯醇的MPE的水解抑制剂,该抑制剂能够在低用量下具有高效率,并且无论使用何种聚酯醇均确保高效力。
该目的通过使用特殊的水解抑制剂a)而实现,其中所述水解抑制剂a)由ai)磷含量为9.00-11.00重量%、优选9.90-10.10重量%、尤其是9.95-10.05重量%的芳族亚磷酸酯和aii)胺化合物如三亚乙基二胺的组合组成,其中ai)与aii)的摩尔比优选为0.005-4.0,更优选0.1-3.0,尤其是0.5-2.0。优选在含异氰酸酯的组分(B组分)中使用组分ai)而在对异氰酸酯呈反应性的组分(A组分)中使用aii)。
因此,本发明提供可通过使多异氰酸酯与具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基 呈反应性的氢原子的化合物反应而制备的MPE,其包含由ai)磷含量为9.00-11.00重量%的芳族亚磷酸酯和aii)胺化合物组成的组合a),ai)与aii)的摩尔比为0.005-4.0。
本发明还提供一种通过使多异氰酸酯与具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物反应而制备MPE的方法,其包括在a)存在下进行反应,其中所述a)为由ai)磷含量为9.00-11.00重量%的芳族亚磷酸酯和aii)胺化合物组成的组合并且ai)与aii)的摩尔比为0.005-4.0。
本发明还提供ai)磷含量为9.00-11.00重量%的芳族亚磷酸酯与aii)胺化合物的组合作为MPE水解抑制剂的用途。
本发明还提供包含本发明微孔聚氨酯弹性体的鞋底。
ai)与aii)的摩尔比优选0.1-3.0,尤其是0.5-2.0。
组分ai)的磷含量优选9.90-10.10重量%,尤其是9.95-10.05重量%。
所用组分ai)优选亚磷酸三苯酯(TPP)。
所用胺化合物aii)可以为伯胺、仲胺,优选叔胺。优选通常用作制备聚氨酯的催化剂的胺。
胺化合物优选为选自如下的叔胺:三乙胺、三亚乙基二胺、三丁胺、二甲基苄胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基丁二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-1,6-己二胺、二甲基环己胺、五甲基二亚丙基三胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、3-甲基-6-二甲基氨基-3-氮杂戊醇(3-Methyl-6-dimethylamino-3-azapentol)、二甲基氨基丙胺、1,3-二(二甲基氨基)丁烷、二(2-二甲基氨基乙基)醚、N-乙基吗啉、N-甲基吗啉、N-环己基吗啉、2-二甲基氨基乙氧基乙醇、二甲基乙醇胺、四甲基六亚甲基二胺、二甲基氨基-N-甲基乙醇胺、N-甲基咪唑、N-(3-氨基丙基)咪唑、N-(3-氨基丙基)-2-甲基咪唑、1-(2-羟乙基)咪唑、N-甲酰基-N,N’-二甲基丁二胺、N-二甲基氨基乙基吗啉、3,3’-二-二甲基氨基二正丙基胺和/或2,2′-二哌嗪二异丙基醚、二甲基哌嗪、N,N’-二(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺和/或三(N,N-二甲基氨基丙基)-s-六氢三嗪或包含至少两种所述胺的混合物,但是也可以使用例如描述于DE-A 28 12 256中的更高分子量的叔胺。特别优选使用三亚乙基二胺。
在多数情况下,叔胺作为催化剂在与芳族亚磷酸酯ai)结合使用时的用量应足以达到所需的稳定作用。然而,在使用除胺催化剂以外的催化剂时,或者在胺催化剂的用量小于充分稳定化所需的量时,还可以使用其它胺类。为了排除催化剂中的断裂,则它们不是在本方法中用作催化剂的叔胺。
优选使用基于MPE的重量为0.0001-3重量%,0.0005-2重量%,0.001-1.6重量%的水解抑制剂a)。
对于用于制备本发明MPE的原料,应特别描述如下。
用于本发明方法中的多异氰酸酯包括现有技术中已知的脂族、脂环族和芳族异氰酸酯及其任何混合物。实例为二苯基甲烷4,4’-二异氰酸酯、单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和具有更高环数目的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的同系物(聚合MDI)的混合物,四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI),甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)或其混合物。
优选使用4,4’-MDI和/或HDI。特别优选使用的4,4’-MDI可以包含少量且至多约10重量%的脲基甲酸酯或脲酮亚胺(uretonimin)改性的多异氰酸酯。此外还可以使用少量的聚亚苯基聚亚甲基多异氰酸酯(粗MDI)。这些高官能度的多异氰酸酯的总量不应超过所用异氰酸酯的5重量%。此外,4,4’-MDI可以包含少量,优选至多为10重量%的2,4’-MDI。
多异氰酸酯还可以以多异氰酸酯预聚物的形式使用。这些预聚物在现有技术中是已知的。它们以本身已知的方式通过使上述多异氰酸酯与具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的如下所述的化合物例如在约80℃的温度下反应以形成预聚物而制备。多元醇与多异氰酸酯的比例的选择通常应使预聚物的NCO含量为8-25重量%,优选10-22重量%,更优选13-20重量%。
所用的具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的化合物如所述的那样为聚酯醇。
聚酯醇通常通过具有2-12个、优选2-6个碳原子的多元醇、优选二元醇与具有2-12个碳原子的多元羧酸的缩合制备,其中所述多元羧酸例如为丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸和/或对苯二甲酸及其混合物。合适二元醇和多元醇的实例为乙二醇、二甘醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5- 戊二醇和/或1,6-已二醇及其混合物。
聚酯醇还可以是支化的。支化聚酯醇的官能度优选大于2至3,尤其是2.2-2.8。此外,支化聚酯醇优选具有500-5000g/mol、更优选2000-3000g/mol的数均分子量。
通常,用于本发明方法的聚酯醇具有2-4、优选大于2至小于3的平均理论官能度以及上述数均分子量。
聚酯醇原则上还可以以与聚醚醇的混合物而使用。然而,由于该类混合物经常具有不充分的相稳定性,因而不太优选使用该类混合物。
具有两个活泼氢原子的化合物还包括合适的话而使用的增链剂。合适的增链剂在现有技术中是已知的。优选使用分子量小于400g/mol,尤其是60-150g/mol的双官能醇。实例为乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、二甘醇、1,4-丁二醇、甘油或三羟甲基丙烷及其混合物。优选使用乙二醇。
增链剂若使用的话,通常以基于具有两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物的总重量为1-15重量%,优选3-12重量%,更优选4-10重量%的量而使用。
多异氰酸酯通常在发泡剂存在下与具有两个活泼氢原子的化合物进行反应。所用发泡剂可以是公知的化学活性或物理活性的化合物。化学活性的发泡剂可以优选为水。物理发泡剂的实例为具有4-8个碳原子且在聚氨酯的形成条件下蒸发的惰性(环)脂族烃。发泡剂的用量取决于泡沫的所需密度。
合适的话,在催化剂和助剂和/或添加剂如泡孔调节剂、脱模剂、颜料、增强剂如玻璃纤维、表面活性化合物和/或对抗氧化、热或微生物降解或老化的稳定剂的存在下,使多异氰酸酯与具有两个活泼氢原子的化合物反应。
用于制备本发明微孔聚氨酯弹性体的催化剂可以是常规且已知的聚氨酯制备用催化剂,例如有机金属化合物如二乙酸锡、二辛酸锡、二月桂酸二丁锡,和/或强碱性胺如二氮杂二环辛烷、二(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)醚或上述胺类。催化剂的用量优选基于反应混合物为0.01-10重量%,优选0.02-5重量%。
如上所述,优选将胺,特别是叔胺用作催化剂。如上所述,胺可以单 独使用或作为与彼此的任何混合物使用。它们同时作为微孔聚氨酯弹性体中的组分aii)。为此,优选仅使用达到作为稳定剂而言的效力所需量的所述胺。如果这对于催化效力不足,则叔胺可以与其它催化剂结合使用。
可以使用的有机胺为由现有技术中已知的叔胺。有用的叔胺例如包括:有机胺如三乙胺、三亚乙基二胺、三丁胺、二甲基苄胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基丁二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-1,6-己二胺、二甲基环己胺、五甲基二亚丙基三胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、3-甲基-6-二甲基氨基-3-氮杂戊醇(3-Methyl-6-dimethylamino-3-azapentol)、二甲基氨基丙胺、1,3-二(二甲基氨基)丁烷、二(2-二甲基氨基乙基)醚、N-乙基吗啉、N-甲基吗啉、N-环己基吗啉、2-二甲基氨基乙氧基乙醇、二甲基乙醇胺、四甲基六亚甲基二胺、二甲基氨基-N-甲基乙醇胺、N-甲基咪唑、N-(3-氨基丙基)咪唑、N-(3-氨基丙基)-2-甲基咪唑、1-(2-羟乙基)咪唑、N-甲酰基-N,N’-二甲基丁二胺、N-二甲基氨基乙基吗啉、3,3’-二-二甲基氨基二正丙基胺和/或2,2′-二哌嗪二异丙基醚、二甲基哌嗪、N,N’-二(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺和/或三(N,N-二甲基氨基丙基)-s-六氢三嗪或包含至少两种所述胺的混合物,但是也可以使用例如描述于DE 28 12 256中的更高分子量的叔胺。特别优选使用三亚乙基二胺。
可以以与叔胺的混合物使用的催化剂如上所述主要为有机金属化合物,尤其是锡化合物如二乙酸锡、二辛酸锡、二月桂酸二丁锡和/或铋化合物。
催化剂优选与具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物混合。原则上还可以至少使有机金属化合物与多异氰酸酯混合。
通常而言,将多异氰酸酯称为“异氰酸酯组分”,而将通常以与催化剂以及合适的话,发泡剂和添加剂的混合物使用的具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物称为“多元醇组分”。
为生产聚氨酯泡沫,异氰酸酯组分与多元醇组分通常进行反应的量应使NCO基团与反应性氢原子总和的当量比为1∶0.8-1∶1.25,优选1∶0.9-1∶1.15。在本上下文中,1∶1的比例对应于NCO指数为100。
形成微孔聚氨酯弹性体的反应优选在模具中在压缩下进行。模具优选 由金属如钢或铝,或者塑料如环氧树脂组成。在15-90℃、优选20-35℃的温度下将起始组分混合并引入优选为密闭的模具中,合适的话在升高的压力下引入。混合可以在引入过程中通经过现有技术中已知的高压或低压混合机头进行。模具温度通常为20-90℃,优选30-60℃。
反应混合物引入到模具中的量应使所得模制品的密度为250-600g/l或800-1200g/l,优选400-600g/l或820-1050g/l。所得微孔聚氨酯弹性体的密实度为1.1-8.5,优选1.2-5,更优选1.5-4。
本发明的微孔聚氨酯弹性体可以用于方向盘、安全服并优选用于鞋底中。
本发明通过如下实施例进行详细说明。
对比例C1-C3和实施例1-4
将100重量份多元醇组分和下表1所示重量份的异氰酸酯组分在23℃下剧烈混合,并将该混合物引入到已经加热至50℃且尺寸为20×20×1cm的板状铝质模具中,所引入的量应使在密闭模具中发泡且固化后得到总密度为550g/L的微孔聚氨酯弹性体板。
储存24小时后,使用冲模将从由此生产的弹性体片中冲压出哑铃形试样。在开始老化实验之前,依据DIN 53543测定拉伸强度的起始值。然后将试样依据DIN 53543在70℃的水下进行老化实验。然后在14天后取出样品。结果汇总于表2中。
两周的水解老化之后,样品1-4的残余拉伸强度和伸长率明显高于对比样品C1-C3。
所用原料:
胺催化剂:购自BASF AG的三亚乙基二胺在乙二醇中的33重量%溶液(LupragenN 202)
异氰酸酯预聚物:基于4,4′-MDI和PESOL1的预聚物,NCO含量=17.4%
水解抑制剂ai):亚磷酸三苯酯
水解抑制剂aii):三亚乙基二胺
a)=在两周的老化之后,以起始值的百分数计的残余拉伸强度或残余伸长率。
n.m.=无法测量(样品分解)
t=以天计的老化时间
Claims (9)
1.一种通过使多异氰酸酯与具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物反应而制备微孔聚氨酯弹性体的方法,其包括在水解抑制剂a)存在下进行反应,所述a)为由ai)磷含量为9.00-11.00重量%的芳族亚磷酸酯和aii)胺化合物组成的组合,其中ai)与aii)的摩尔比为0.01-1.0,并且将芳族亚磷酸酯ai)加入多异氰酸酯中而将胺化合物aii)加入具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物中,其中胺aii)为叔胺。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述ai)与aii)的摩尔比为0.1-3.0。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述ai)与aii)的摩尔比为0.5-2.0。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述芳族亚磷酸酯的磷含量为9.90-10.10重量%。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述芳族亚磷酸酯的磷含量为9.95-10.05重量%。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述芳族亚磷酸酯为亚磷酸三苯酯。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述叔胺选自三乙胺、三亚乙基二胺、三丁胺、二甲基苄胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基丁二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-1,6-己二胺、二甲基环己胺、五甲基二亚丙基三胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、3-甲基-6-二甲基氨基-3-氮杂戊醇、二甲基氨基丙胺、1,3-二(二甲基氨基)丁烷、二(2-二甲基氨基乙基)醚、N-乙基吗啉、N-甲基吗啉、N-环己基吗啉、2-二甲基氨基乙氧基乙醇、二甲基乙醇胺、四甲基六亚甲基二胺、二甲基氨基-N-甲基乙醇胺、N-甲基咪唑、N-(3-氨基丙基)咪唑、N-(3-氨基丙基)-2-甲基咪唑、1-(2-羟乙基)咪唑、N-甲酰基-N,N’-二甲基丁二胺、N-二甲基氨基乙基吗啉、3,3’-二-二甲基氨基二正丙基胺和/或2,2′-二哌嗪二异丙基醚、二甲基哌嗪、N,N’-二(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺和/或三(N,N-二甲基氨基丙基)-s-六氢三嗪或包含至少两种所述胺的混合物。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述叔胺为三亚乙基二胺。
9.ai)磷含量为9.00-11.00重量%的芳族亚磷酸酯和aii)胺化合物作为微孔聚氨酯弹性体的水解抑制剂的用途,其中胺aii)为叔胺,ai)与aii)的摩尔比为0.01-1.0。
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DE102004061609.4A DE102004061609B4 (de) | 2004-12-17 | 2004-12-17 | Mikrozelluläre Polyurethan-Elastomere, herstellbar durch Umsetzung von Polyisocyanaten enthaltend 4,4'-Diphenylmethandiisocyanat, Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher mikrozellulären Polyurethan-Elastomere und deren Verwendung |
PCT/EP2005/013405 WO2006066763A1 (de) | 2004-12-17 | 2005-12-14 | Verfahren zur herstellung von mikrozellulären polyurethan-elastomeren |
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DE2710901A1 (de) * | 1976-03-12 | 1977-09-15 | Prb Sa | Polyurethan mit integrer haut und verfahren zur herstellung desselben |
US4292411A (en) * | 1979-03-09 | 1981-09-29 | S.A. Prb | Process for preparing integral skin polyurethane and polyurethane so obtained |
US4477600A (en) * | 1983-09-23 | 1984-10-16 | Stauffer Chemical Company | Polyurethane foams having low scorch discoloration |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE2710901A1 (de) * | 1976-03-12 | 1977-09-15 | Prb Sa | Polyurethan mit integrer haut und verfahren zur herstellung desselben |
US4292411A (en) * | 1979-03-09 | 1981-09-29 | S.A. Prb | Process for preparing integral skin polyurethane and polyurethane so obtained |
US4477600A (en) * | 1983-09-23 | 1984-10-16 | Stauffer Chemical Company | Polyurethane foams having low scorch discoloration |
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