CN101071453A - System and method for using 3D scanning data recognizing initial design intention - Google Patents
System and method for using 3D scanning data recognizing initial design intention Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses method of program abstracting and managing the entity and surface model building parameter stem from the original 3D scanned data. In the automatic method it reads the original 3D scanned data, and can function with the CAD system communication device which executes the model building of the CAD component. The user is provided with automatic function to divide (formed from the original 3D scanned data) grid model to many net region. The graphical user interfere can make the user choose the design intent type and net region which is calculated of design intent. Depend on the design intent type, each design intention is represented by the vector quantity, plane and polyline. In answer to that the user requests for model-building characteristic parameter, it processes the original 3D scanned data with a set of functions and works out the optimum approximate value to the requested parameter value.
Description
Technical field
Exemplary embodiment of the present invention relates generally to CAD (computer-aided design (CAD)), more specifically relates to reverse engineering 3D scan-data, is intended to the initial designs in the identification component redesign process.
Background technology
Computer-aided design (CAD) (CAD) application program is used to generate the computer model of two and three dimensions object, as the part of the actual physics device generative process that is used to be modeled.These models generally include a plurality of component body of design separately.The deviser of model assembly can use special-purpose modeling feature with the parts that design a model.Exemplary modeling feature (it can be known as design idea) comprises stretching, rotates, takes out shell, fillet, scanning, setting-out, mixing, embossment, pattern duplicate etc.Design idea can be by parametrization, and the model designer often experimentizes with the different parameters value to the design idea in the design process.In case to designing satisfaction, just can using a model, the deviser generates the actual physical device.
On behalf of the high resolving power point that is scanned the three dimensional object shape, 3D scanning catch the physical geometry information of three dimensional object by collecting.In case caught original 3D scan-data, just can convert thereof into the CAD partial model, with further processing, thereby duplicate or revise the design of three dimensional object.Thereby this 3D scan-data of catching three dimensional object is known as reverse engineering with the process that provides it to the CAD application program and can redesign object.
Regrettably, the original scan-data that the 3D scanner is caught in the reverse engineering process final geometric configuration of representative object only.The 3D scan-data only fact of the final geometric configuration of representative object makes that being difficult to review initial designs is intended to and its parameter value.For example, be difficult to measure initial designs intention and its characteristic ginseng value, as center line of stretching 2D profile, direction and distance, rotation 2D profile, axle and angle, constant or variation radius of corner, withdrawing pattern plane and draft angle, track while scan curve, curve pipe or the like from the 3D scan-data.Can not measure initial designs intention makes the reverse engineering process more out of true and productivity is lower.A kind of Computerized method that uses CAD system need be provided, use original 3D scan-data research and calculate crucial initial designs intention with sequencing ground assisted user.
Summary of the invention
Exemplary embodiment of the present invention can make user's sequencing ground extract and manage entity and the surface modeling parameter that comes from original 3D scan-data.Automatic mode reads original 3D scan-data, and works with the CAD system communication that can carry out the modeling of CAD parts.The user has automatic function as mesh standard value or curvature value (from original 3D scan-data formation) grid model is divided into many net regions by the estimation geometry value.Graphic user interface can make the user select design idea type and the one or more net region that is intended to by calculation Design.Can find to have some design ideas of excellent in shape characteristic area in sequencing ground.The type that depends on design idea, every kind of design idea is represented by vector, plane or polyline.In addition, in response to the requirement of user, calculate the optimal approximation of requested parameter value by using one group of original 3D scan-data of function treatment to the modeling characteristic parameter.Then, the user can use approximate value or pairing approximation value to carry out manual modification.
In one aspect of the invention, a kind of method of using 3D scan-data approximate initial designs intention in reverse engineering comprises the set of the 3D scan-data of representing the three dimensional object shape is provided.Described 3D scan-data is combined into a plurality of grids, the grid model of the described three dimensional object of the synthetic representative of described a plurality of grid group.Described method also uses partition tools that described grid model is divided into a plurality of net regions.In addition, described method is selected net region and design idea type, and described design idea is the initial designs feature.For selected net region, sequencing ground calculates the approximate value of selected design idea type.The described 3D scan-data of selected net region is used in described calculating.
In another aspect of the present invention, a kind of system that uses the approximate initial designs intention of 3D scan-data comprises partition tools.Be divided into to the grid model sequencing that described partition tools will form from the 3D scan-data of three dimensional object a plurality of net regions.Described system also comprises user interface, and described user interface can be selected net region and design idea type.Described design idea is the initial designs feature.In addition, described system comprises and computer-aided design (CAD) (CAD) application program Communication Design intention instrument.Described design idea instrument is for selected net region, and sequencing ground calculates the approximate value of selected design idea type.For selected net region, use described 3D scan-data to calculate the approximate value of selected design idea type.
Description of drawings
The present invention is limited by the feature in the claims.With reference to the explanation of doing below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the above-mentioned advantage that the present invention may be better understood and other advantages of the present invention, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 illustrates the environment that is suitable for implementing exemplary embodiment of the present;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the sequential steps of the embodiment of the invention, is used to use original 3D scanning data recognizing initial design intention;
Fig. 3 A illustrates the selection of net region, to calculate draw direction;
Fig. 3 B illustrates the stretching vector that calculates for selected net region among Fig. 3 A;
Fig. 4 A illustrates the selection of net region, to calculate rotation center;
Fig. 4 B illustrates the vector of the expression rotation center that calculates for selected net region among Fig. 4 A;
Fig. 4 C illustrates the rotation center that calculates for a plurality of selected net regions;
Fig. 5 A illustrates the selection of net region, to calculate the stretching profile;
Fig. 5 B illustrates the polyline of the expression stretching profile that calculates for selected net region among Fig. 5 A;
Fig. 6 A illustrates the selection of net region, to calculate rotation profile;
Fig. 6 B illustrates the polyline of the expression rotation profile that calculates for selected net region among Fig. 6 A;
Fig. 7 A illustrates the selection of net region, to calculate minute surface;
Fig. 7 B illustrates the plane of the expression minute surface that calculates for selected net region among Fig. 7 A;
Fig. 8 A illustrates the selection of three net regions, to calculate the track while scan curve;
Fig. 8 B illustrates the polyline of the expression track while scan curve that calculates for selected net region among Fig. 8 A;
Fig. 9 A illustrates the selection of net region, with the center line of calculated curve pipe;
Fig. 9 B illustrates the polyline of the expression curve tube hub line that calculates for selected net region among Fig. 9 A;
Fig. 9 C illustrates maximum match ball and the axis that is used to measure curve tube hub line;
Fig. 9 D illustrates minimum spanning tree (MST) and is connected the polyline that continuous N ST is ordered;
Figure 10 is illustrated in and makes when find dividing film direction intention that side is recessed to minimize;
Figure 11 A illustrates the poor grid that generates incorrect CAD entity;
Figure 11 B illustrates the difference data of the poor grid that Figure 11 A uses;
Figure 11 C illustrates the grid after the gridding edition;
Figure 11 D illustrates combination and respectively organizes data grid afterwards;
Figure 11 E illustrates the CAD entity that regenerates;
Figure 12 A and Figure 12 B illustrate the calculating of rotation angle;
Figure 13 illustrates the calculating of stretching distance of the present invention;
Figure 14 illustrates the calculating of draft angle of the present invention;
Figure 15 A illustrates the calculating of local surfaces normal direction;
Figure 15 B illustrates from the outside entity that generates of grid;
Figure 15 C illustrates the xsect of the entity of Figure 15 B;
Figure 15 D illustrates the entity that the present invention carries out hollowing operation Figure 15 B afterwards; And
Figure 16 illustrates fillet operation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides the instrument that is similar to the initial model design idea when the 3D scan-data carries out reverse engineering to three dimensional object for the user.It is target and the initial designs feature of stipulating the particular type of the interesting acquisition of user parameter value with the specifiable lattice zone that automatic mode allows the user.Sequencing of the present invention ground analysis foundation grid data is to infer the initial designs intention and to present to the optimum estimate of user about initial designs intention value.Then, the user can use this this being similar to that be similar to or revise as required when generating the solid model parts.
Fig. 1 illustrates the environment that is suitable for implementing exemplary embodiment of the present.Computing equipment 2 comprises the set of the original 3D scan-data 4 that is scanned three dimensional object.Collect original 3D scan-data 4 from spatial digitizer.Computing equipment 2 still is the main frame of CAD application program 6, design idea instrument 8 and partition tools 10.Computing equipment 2 can be workstation, server, kneetop computer, mainframe computer, PDA, apparatus operating group, virtual unit maybe can be supported the another kind of computing equipment of described CAD application program 6, design idea instrument 8 and partition tools 10 together.But design idea instrument 8 and partition tools 10 are executive softwares of following further explanation to be handled.Design idea instrument 8 and partition tools 10 can be used as application processing, application plug-in or stand-alone utility and carry out.In a kind of enforcement of the present invention, design idea instrument 8 is integrated into an instrument with CAD application program 6.In another kind is implemented, design idea instrument 8 and 6 communications of CAD application program, but be not the part of CAD application program.In another kind was implemented, described partition tools was the part of design idea instrument 8.
Original scan-data 4 is set that representative is scanned the three-dimensional high definition rate point of object shapes.In a kind of enforcement, original scan-data 4 is one group of triangular mesh, but uses other forms of scan-data also to be considered within the scope of the invention.For example, original scan-data 4 can be point, quadrilateral mesh, tetrahedral grid or hexahedral mesh.Grid group forms the grid model that representative is scanned object surface together.Partition tools 10 allow users according to curvature value with split into grid zone, grid model 12 sequencing ground 14,16 and 18.Should be appreciated that the segment of curve of grid model is many more, the number of grid of Sheng Chenging is big more so, thereby presents the illusion of smooth surface.Design idea instrument 8 with the display 30 of computing equipment 2 communications on generate graphic user interface (GUI) 32.GUI32 can make user 20 select user views to calculate specifiable lattice zone 14,16 and 18 and the design idea of particular type in the grid model of initial parameter value.The original scan-data 4 of one group of functional analysis of further setting forth below design idea instrument 8 uses, and the approximate value of the design idea of calculating user 20 requests.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the sequential steps of the embodiment of the invention, is used to use original 3D scanning data recognizing initial design intention.Described sequential steps is from providing the set (step 110) of original 3D scan-data 4.Original 3D scan-data can be used as the dynamic part of measuring the design idea process and is collected, and perhaps can be the scan-data of storing in advance.If be not combined into model before the data, so from scan-data 4 generating mesh models 12 (step 112).Can in response to user command utilize partition tools 10 with grid model 12 sequencing be divided into a plurality of net regions 14,16 and 18 (step 114).Then, the design idea instrument can automatically be found some design ideas from the zone that feature keeps good.Then, the user 20 of the grid model 12 on the observation display 30 can use GUI 32 to select users to wish that design idea instrument 8 calculates one of approximate initial designs parameter value or net region 14,16 and/or 18 and design idea type (step 116).Then, design idea instrument 8 is by the original scan-data 4 of analysis of following further elaboration, with the value (step 118) of the design idea type of calculating selected net region 14,16 and/or 18.
As mentioned above, the present invention allows the user to select the user to need design idea instrument 8 to measure the net region of initial designs intention value usefulness.In order to explain the present invention better, will discuss below and measure many dissimilar design ideas.Be appreciated that following discussion only is illustrative, not concrete other design ideas of discussing also within the scope of the invention.
The type that depends on design idea, the design idea that calculates is by the one or more expressions in vector, plane or the polyline.For example, draw direction, rotation center and branch film direction are by vector representation, divide the film direction by one or more vector representations, stretching profile, rotation profile, track while scan curve, curve tube hub line, fillet center, virtual sharpened edge, pearl line (bead line), contour curve and branch film curve are represented that by polyline normal surface and minute surface are represented by the plane.The design idea instrument is carried out the error minimize process, to measure vector, plane and polyline direction from grid.Vector has variable position X, Y, Z and direction I, J, K.The plane has variable position X, Y, Z and normal direction I, J, K.Polyline is the many straight line line segments that come from polygon edge (that is: come from polygon edge and project to the profile polyline that the plane generates).
Design idea instrument 8 is carried out the error minimize process, to measure design idea from grid.An example of rectangular shape is as follows:
1) using basic sketch to produce stretches.Shape is known to be rectangle.Can call rectangular dimension X﹠amp; Y, stretching distance Z; X, Y﹠amp; Z is width, the degree of depth and the height of rectangular box.They are parameters of model.
2) strengthen the constraint of orthogonal sketch line inherently, can increase other constraints.
3) user may need to make the error minimize (minimum aberrations) of whole grid, or selectively, the user can make the error minimize in the selected net region.
4) use the multivariate optimization process to regulate parameter X, Y, Z, and use automatic outlier (noise data) technology of removing to make minimum deviation (or maximization CAD VALUE).
5) in being provided with, use many numerical value multivariate optimization.For example, for fitting a straight line is become data, the user is from straight-line equation y=m*x+b, and wherein b and m are variablees, and y and x are 2 data sets.The user selects initial m﹠amp; B.Error is data set y and the initial m﹠amp of use; Difference between the y that b and x calculate (or " square " distance; Squared-distance and).Regulate m﹠amp then; B is up to error minimize.This is that least square method makes error minimize, or multivariate optimization.
Design idea instrument 8 can be used to measure the draw direction design idea.It can be one or more net regions of side when the stretching face profile that the user selects.Then, design idea instrument 8 calculate can the optimal representation draw direction vector.This method can be with reference to figure 3A and Fig. 3 B.In Fig. 3 A, four cylindrical regions in front 202,204,206 and 208 that the user selects in the grid model 200 by the controller in the graphic user interface 32 180.The user also can select ' tensile axis ' method by another controller 190.From estimation, and measure angle (N) between all normal vectors of all faces in itself and the zone, to all the face value of obtaining AN in the zone (this is a polygon facet normal direction and current to the angle between the optimum estimate of tensile axis) to tensile axis (A).Carry out minimization process, the difference between the AN measurement group is minimized.After minimization process, obtain average A N.AN=90 °-draft angle (therefore, if AN=90 °, in tensile part, do not have pattern draft so).The user also can dispose additional option about axle by the 3rd controller 195, as removes the maximum angle of outlier, sampling ratio and stretching vector.After selecting four zones 202,204,206 and 208, design idea instrument 8 calculates the vector of draw direction.The grid data draw direction algorithm that uses comprises finds the solution matrix equation.The draw direction vector 220 that calculates of user-selected net region is circled in Fig. 3 B.The part with dashed lines indication of draw direction vector 220 in the main body of net region.
The method of measuring the rotation center design idea is similar.The user selects one or more net regions (can be the side) when the Plane of rotation profile.Then, design idea instrument 8 calculate can the optimal representation rotary middle spindle vector.This method can be with reference to figure 4A, Fig. 4 B and Fig. 4 C.In Fig. 4 A, the user uses selection control 180 to select the first sketch cylinder 202 of taper (zone 2).Need to estimate the turning axle of this cylinder.The user uses the method controller 190 in the graphic user interface 32 to select ' turning axle ' method.The rotating vector algorithm that uses comprises finds the solution matrix equation.For the institute's favored area among Fig. 4 A, the dotted line of irising out in Fig. 4 B shows the rotation center 230 that calculates.Also can detect the rotation center in a plurality of zones.In Fig. 4 C, the zone 1 (242), 2 (244) and 3 (246) that the user uses selection control 180 to select in the grid model 240.Design idea instrument 8 calculates the diagram rotation center 250 of user-selected three zones 242,244 and 246.
Design idea instrument 8 also can be used for measuring stretching profile design idea.The user selects one or more net regions (can be the side) and generates the sketch plane of profile thereon when the stretching face profile.Design idea instrument 8 generates the contour curve of the area data of stretching entity, and contour curve is projected in (use tensile axis normal direction) on the sketch plane.A series of linear line segment on the plane (projection of contour curve) expression polyline (stretching profile).This method can be with reference to figure 5A and Fig. 5 B.In Fig. 5 A, if the user selects four 202,204 of fronts, 206 and 208 and four cylindrical regions in back 201,203,205 and 207, and select ' stretching profile ' order, generate stretching profile 260 design ideas that calculate shown in Fig. 5 B so.Design idea instrument 8 uses the draw direction order at the intraassay draw direction.(projection) data of using all to flatten, design idea instrument 8 fits to this data best with a series of lines, thereby generates the polyline as the stretching profile.The result is a polyline rather than accurate circular.
For measuring the rotation profile design idea, the user selects one or more net regions (can be the side) and rotary middle spindle when the Plane of rotation profile.Design idea instrument 8 generates the image rotating of selected one or more net regions, and at image rotating with pass between the plane of turning axle and generate the xsect polyline.This method can be with reference to figure 6A and Fig. 6 B.In Fig. 6 A, the user selects three zones 242,244 and 246 from model 240, and uses design idea instrument 8 to measure rotating part or " rotation profile " by ' rotation profile ' order of graphic user interface 32.Rotation profile is the 2D sketch of estimating, it can be used for rotating and generating entity around turning axle.The rotation profile 270 that calculates for institute's favored area in the model 240 of Fig. 6 A is shown in Fig. 6 B.Around the pattern 270 of central shaft rotation diagram 6B with the institute of match best favored area 242,244 and 246.For measuring rotation profile 270, carry out the design idea instrument by the mode identical with above-mentioned stretching profile, except using " rotation center " order, and corresponding to the All Ranges data of rotation entity around the center be projected in rotatably with the coplanar sketch of turning axle plane on (" draw direction " function is opposite with the area data projection with using).Each point is thinning to be dredged, and uses the minimum spanning tree technology to form polyline.Exemplary minimum spanning tree technology is documented in " Curve Reconstruction from Unorganized Points ", and In-Kwon Lee is among the PO STECH Information Research Laboratories.
When given net region during with respect to a certain plane symmetry, design idea instrument 8 also can be used for measuring the minute surface design idea.Be the identification minute surface, the user selects the net region, and regulation roughly near the plane of minute surface as initial approximation.Design idea instrument 8 duplicates given one or more net regions, and with it/they are transformed into and given plane symmetry.One or more net regions that 8 conversion of design idea instrument are duplicated make minimizing apart from sum between the each point of lap by using ICP (iterative closest point) algorithm, and the transformation matrix that generates from the ICP algorithm are used to regulate mirror plane.Design idea instrument 8 memory mapping matrixes, and with its iterated application to given plane, up to algorithm convergence, then to user 20 output results.
The process of measuring minute surface can be with reference to figure 7A and Fig. 7 B.In Fig. 7 A, shown the minute surface 302 of model 300.The initial approximation that minute surface 302 representative of consumer are given.Use design idea instrument 8 of the present invention to carry out ' minute surface ' order for All Ranges, the minute surface 304 of computation model 300 is shown in Fig. 7 B.By transformation matrix being applied to the almost plane 302 calculating minute surfaces 304 that the user provides.
In order to measure track while scan curve design intention, when the scanning profile curve, the user selects one or more net regions (can be the side).This method can be with reference to figure 8A and Fig. 8 B.In Fig. 8 A, the user selects to comprise three zones 312,314 and 316 (only can directly see upper area/face 312 in Fig. 8 A) of the model 310 that is scanned the surface.Then, the scanning curve 318 of design idea instrument estimation model 300 is shown in Fig. 8 B.Then, by three side profiles of 318 scannings of the polyline shown in the edge, generate the surface.This algorithm provides the starting point on the scanning profile.(lead curve is that the user wishes final mensuration).Local (at discrete point) sectional curvature (curvature is relevant with cross-wise direction, and is discrete calculation) of measuring on surface mesh.Calculating causes the cross-wise direction of local minimum and maximum curvature, and is main curvature direction.Cross-wise direction is mutually orthogonal at each set point.Software is followed the trail of curvature flow (estimating based on discrete sectional curvature) based on main curvature direction.Calculate a lead curve (because for given surface, existing does not have several lead curves) based on initial searching position.
Design idea instrument 8 also can be used for measuring the center line of curve pipe design idea.This instrument uses and the similar workflow of scanning lead curve design idea.When the scanning circular contour, user 20 selects one or more net regions (can be the side).This process is similar to above-mentioned scanning lead curve.This method can be with reference to figure 9A and Fig. 9 B.In Fig. 9 A, demonstrate the data of the imperfect scanning of curve pipe in the center 350.The design idea instrument can calculate the initial designs intention by the center line of measuring pipe 350, and generates the optimum fit curve 352 of passing center line, shown in Fig. 9 B.Further explain the process of measuring center line in Fig. 9 C and Fig. 9 D, this process is from measuring ' axis ' of institute's favored area, shown in Fig. 9 C.Axis is one group of point (track), its mid point 355 be in (biggest ball) 353 of zone in the central point of receiving.Axial point is thinning dredges, and calculates minimum spanning tree (MST) 357, shown in Fig. 9 D.Generate polyline, it is to connect one group of line segment that MST is ordered continuously.Use biggest ball, utilize the axis approximatioss, make the initial point cloud thinning thin, and from axis dot generation minimum spanning tree.Figure centre circle is below lived continuous line segment, and it is the polyline 359 at signature song spool center.
The design idea instrument can also calculate branch film direction intention.When using two moulds to generate moulding part, one of them mould is on top, and another mould is in the bottom, and mould must be able to slide, and is not molded components hit.For example, by placing two moulds, can only be molded into hourglass (outside surface) in the side.If in the upper and lower mould is arranged all, can not remove them so.The one or more possible detaching directions of computed in software (dividing the film direction).These can one or more vectors or cone manifest, all vectors or cone all are feasible detaching directions.Divide the film direction to attempt to make recessed the minimizing of side of parts.Tolerance parameter about the recessed amount of side that allows is suitable for this instrument.Minimizing that side is recessed can be with reference to Figure 10.Moulding part 360 comprises surface 362,364,366,368,370,372,374 and 376.Design idea instrument 8 tries to find out and the crossing branch film direction in the surface of minimum number.If the direction of perpendicular line 380 is as dividing the film direction, it is recessed to produce a large amount of sides so because the vector of this direction with intersect (it will be crossing with surface 362,364,366 and 368) more than 2 surfaces.On the contrary, the side that horizontal direction 390 will produce still less is recessed, is that more possible candidate divides film direction (because it only intersects with surface 374 and 376).Divide the normal angle of film direction on the computing grid with respect to supposition, and be used to measure the direction that (and the back is a plurality of) may be used for branch film direction.The present invention also will generate branch film curve, and it is the curve that model is split into two no re-entrant mold types when along given branch film direction and draft angle mobility model.
In addition, design idea instrument 8 also can be used for measuring circular pattern axle design idea.For measuring circular pattern axle design idea, the user selects can be by one or more net regions of circular pattern generation.Then, the design idea instrument is by the registration computational transformation matrix between the zone.The geometry that is registered between the zone is gone up the alignment three-dimensional model.Registration process is utilized PAT (principal axis transformation) and ICP (iterative closest point) algorithm.The center of gravity and the main shaft of PAT algorithm alignment model.ICP algorithm iteration ground in the standard of the model of conversion, minimize between each match point apart from sum.PAT is as initial coarse alignment, and ICP is as little alignment.The result of registration process is expressed as transformation matrix (rotation, translation).Design idea instrument 8 is selected a reference zone from n zone of input.Calculate n-1 rank transformation matrix by n-1 registration from each n-1 zone to reference zone.Then, application program is extracted rotary middle spindle from the transformation matrix that calculates.
Similarly, design idea instrument 8 also can be used for measuring linearity pattern axle design idea.For measuring linearity pattern axle design idea, the user selects can be by one or more net regions of linearity pattern generation.Then, the design idea instrument is by the constraint of the spin locking between zone registration computational transformation matrix.Spin locking constraint registration process is by operating with above-mentioned registration process same way as, except having ignored the conversion rotation (translation transformation is promptly only arranged) about registration.Then, application program is extracted translation pattern axle from the transformation matrix that calculates.
In addition, design idea instrument 8 also can be used for measuring the fillet center of being represented by polyline, virtual sharpened edge, pearl line and contour curve.For the fillet center, the user selects can be by one or more net regions of fillet generation.Design idea instrument 8 uses the center calculation polyline that extracts from radius area.For virtual sharpened edge, the user selects one or more net regions, and the design idea instrument calculates the surface or the grid of extension match.Then, the design idea instrument calculates the crossing polyline between the extension entity.For the pearl line, the user selects to comprise one or more net regions in pearl line zone.Then, design idea instrument 8 is from extraction tank zone, net region, and the polyline of groove center line is passed in calculating.For contour curve, the user selects one or more net regions and direction vector (or plane).If the selection plane, the design idea instrument projects to the net region on the selected plane so.Then, the design idea instrument generates polyline from the Boundary Loop of one or more net regions of projection.If select vector, the design idea instrument calculates the polyline as parting line so.
In case exemplary embodiment of the present invention has calculated requested design idea, the user can revise the net region so, by comprising more grids therein, and from wherein getting rid of grid, the smoothing geometric configuration, or use other gridding edition instruments.When adding grid, the present invention allows the user to select grid file, and with in its loading routine.Can generate the zone outside the grid of new input, the user can use " merging the zone " order that it is added in the zone then.The user also can carry out the basic grid operation, as ' grid merging ' and ' grid combination '.' grid merging ' operation is merged into a grid by the overlapping region being carried out the equalization operation with grid.Exist in the example in hole in the initial below grid, if the user uses the no grid of holes of input to carry out union operation, " grid of merging " is no grid of holes average of porose initial grid and input so.The data that come from the grid of input are used for filling the hole of initial grid.' grid combination ' functional similarity, but do not have equalization to handle.
After the gridding edition step, design idea instrument 8 automatically recomputates design idea.For new data, carry out above-mentioned design idea and measure process then.Design idea instrument 8 changes by following the trail of the associating of every other entity such as 3D main body modeling feature, alignment and 2D sketch profile, transmitting.
The advantage of above-mentioned feature can be with reference to figure 11A-11E.From difference mass scanning data, do not carry out and revise, generate incorrect CAD entity.Figure 11 A illustrates poor grid 400, will generate incorrect CAD entity from it.Figure 11 B illustrates the difference data 402 that is used to generate incorrect CAD entity.Yet the present invention allows the user by carrying out grid operations as ' smoothing ' and ' hole filling ' or by adding or removing grid and come the trim sweep data, to generate better grid.Carrying out gridding edition operation improvement grid afterwards for difference scan-data 402 is shown in the model 404 of Figure 11 C.As mentioned above, exemplary embodiment of the present invention allows respectively to organize the scan-data combination, shown in the model 410 of Figure 11 D.Combination respectively organize the hole 412,414,416 and 418 that data are used for filling grid, average noise, or remove data inferior.Recomputate the design idea instrument of design idea and automatically follow the trail of grid operations, comprise adding or remove grid data.The calculating of these variable effect vectors, plane and polyline.Recomputating influences other entities, and as 3D main body modeling feature, alignment, 2D sketch profile and other entities, this is reflected in the regenerating automatically of CAD entity 420 of the renewal shown in Figure 11 E.
For ' rotation angle ' and ' stretching distance " feature, in the circular direction of rotation or the linear direction of stretching, generate each polygonal one group of measurements, measure to measure these (angle or apart from).Measure for these two kinds and all need initial sketch plane (and rotation angle also needs rotation centerline).The mensuration of rotation angle feature can be with reference to figure 12A and Figure 12 B.Angle (angle 1 (440), angle 2 (442) and angle 3 (444)) in the zone 432 of measurement sketch plane 434 and model 430 between each face center.Normal, sketch normal and turning axle 436 based on each polygon facet filter outlier.The line that is intersected by all the orientation normal vectors with data point (in institute's favored area have a few) limits turning axle." the orientation normal vector of data point " is the direction vector that begins from the number of scans strong point towards normal direction.The feasible angle of each face in the average area (those that do not remove by the outlier filtration treatment) measure (also storing feasible minimum and maximum angle) together.Mean value (each average angle of feasible) is presented to user 20, and maximum/minimum angle is as the rotation angle of sketch simultaneously.
The calculating of stretching distance feature is with reference to Figure 13.Similar to the calculating of above-mentioned rotation angle, measure from each face center 542,544 and 546 stretching distances 5 50,552 and 554 to sketch plane 540.Filter outlier based on the normal of each polygon facet and sketch normal 540 (they must allow within the angle tolerance parallel).The feasible distance of each face in the average area (those that do not remove by the outlier filtration treatment) is measured (also storing feasible minimum and maximum distance) together.Mean value (each mean distance of feasible) is presented to user 20, and maximum/minor increment is as the stretching distance of sketch simultaneously.
When the size of withdrawing pattern, hollowing and Fillet Feature needs was set, exemplary embodiment of the present invention also was that user's calculating optimum is estimated.
When the user adds the withdrawing pattern feature, eject the withdrawing pattern dialog box.In dialog box, the user can click graphic button and calculate draft angle, and it is the suitableeest angle for original 3D scan-data geometric configuration.The present invention calculates original 3D scan-data and from the intersection curve between the plane that the neutral surface of measuring draft angle slightly moves up.Sampling spot place on intersection curve generates the tangent plane of its normal vector and intersection curve.Then, calculate intersecting lens between those planes and the original 3D scan-data.Angle between each normal vector that average neutral surface and each plane (each plane that its draft angle is being considered) limit.The present invention presents to the user with 3 angle values: minimum angle, maximum angular and average angle.
The process of calculating draft angle is shown in Figure 14.By two zones 502 in the preference pattern 500 and 504 (smooth, fundamental regions 502 among normal direction zone-Figure 14; With become angle, tilting zone 504 among withdrawing pattern zone-Figure 14), these two zones can fit to plane surface 506 and 508.Fit surface is appreciated that this operation is not limited to the plane fitting surface, because can be a curvilinear surface.Utilize the extension on these surfaces to intersect, determine intersecting lens 510 (, will determine curve) for non-flat surface.By two lines 516 on each plane of match respectively and 518,520 and 522, generate two planes 512 and 514, and measure the angle of intersection (or draft angle) 524 and 526 of these lines, twice of draft angle sampling perpendicular to intersection curve.The user can use on average, the draft angle in the reverse design process is selected at maximum or minimum crossing (withdrawing pattern) angle.Use each plane to generate cross-section data, collect (two planes that are used to calculate angle are arranged) in Figure 14 with directional data.The use error minimization technique fits to this cross-section data with vector (line).Based on these vector calculation angles.Plane fitting is followed the error minimize technology.Should be noted that two non-flat lines will intersect on straight line or vector.
As mentioned above, exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be used to measure hollowing (or taking out shell) thickness, shown in Figure 15 A-15C.When the user adds the hollowing feature, eject the hollowing dialog box.In dialog box, the user can click the graphic button calculated wall thickness, and it is the suitableeest wall thickness for original 3D scan-data geometric configuration.Design idea instrument 8 sampling spot on the main body that should add the hollowing feature is then along can be by obtaining local surfaces U﹠amp; (dU * dV) normal direction of estimation generates ray to the intersection vector product of V direction.This method is shown among Figure 15 A.Distance between the average sample point 580 and 590, determine ray 582 and 592 and original 3D scan-data between joining.Should be noted that, can use error minimize and replace range averagingization that wherein error minimize is based on the deviation between the ghost, and regulates the hollow distance, up to the deviation minimum.Three one-tenth-value thickness 1/10s are presented to the user: minimum, maximum and average thickness.Can remove outlier based on the ray of joining and the angle difference between the normal vector.If angle greater than the permissible tolerance of appointment, is not considered in the hollowing THICKNESS CALCULATION so.
The hollowing technology at first uses the outside surface of grid to generate the entity of non-NULL.There is the grid inside that is not used for outside surface.The inside of grid is used to measure hollowing thickness.At first come calculated thickness by the local approach vector around the gauging surface (perpendicular to the local UV direction of principal axis on the surface/entity of part generation).Distance between surface on the normal direction and the original mesh (original 3D scan-data) is local hollowing distance.Generate complete hollowing district (all range observations) from these local hollowing distances (thickness).The user can select the hollowing district to have uniform hollowing thickness, promptly average, maximum or minimum thickness.On existing entity/interior surface, produce new surface, thereby generate the novel entities that constitutes by initial entity/surface and newly-generated hollow surface.Figure 15 B illustrates from the outside entity 600 that generates of grid.Figure 15 C illustrates the xsect 610 of the entity 600 of Figure 15 B.Xsect 610 shows the local intersecting lens 618 between local UV axle 612 and 614, normal direction 616 and normal direction 616 and the grid 620.Figure 15 D illustrates the entity 630 that the present invention carries out hollowing operation Figure 15 B afterwards.
Fillet is the depression or the protruding smoothing at edge.The present invention also can be used for calculating radius of corner.Radius of corner can be constant or variable.When the user adds Fillet Feature, eject the fillet dialog box.In dialog box, the user can click graphic button and calculate radius of corner, and it is the suitableeest radius of corner for original 3D scan-data geometric configuration.The present invention stipulates the edge sampling spot of fillet from the user.Then, limit the tangent plane, edge at normal vector and some place.Design idea instrument 8 calculate original 3D scan-datas and have and the plane of the normal vector that the edge at some place is tangent between intersection curve.Every intersection curve resolves into circular arc and line automatically.All intersection curves that calculate between the plane for original 3D scan-data and above-mentioned qualification, application program averages the center arc radius of the intersection curve that comes from decomposition.If the fillet option is a definite value, so three radius values are presented to the user: minimum, maximum and average radius.If the fillet option has the radius of variation, in new 2D graphical window, draw radius figure so, thereby allow the user to know the trend of change in radius.The user can be in the 2D figure the selected a plurality of radiuses of interactively.Design idea instrument 8 can also be from 2D figure match optimal approximation curve automatically.
The process of calculating radius of corner is shown in Figure 16.Select to have in the part 650 zone of fillet.Curve plotting on this part generates the plane 662,664,666,668 and 670 perpendicular to this curve.By selecting fillet several points on every side, from the interpolation formation curve.The user can trade-off curve and is defined in a plurality of parts (as shown in the figure) of equal distribution around the curve, and perhaps the user can be along the Curve selection each point, with the research radius of corner.In Figure 16, study five sample areas, to measure the fillet profile of this inhomogeneous fillet.For the selected radius as a result of fillet can be mean value, maximal value, the minimum value that all fillets are measured, or under the situation of inhomogeneous radius of corner, following interpolation (shown in figure 680) is as half radius chamfer of changing.
The present invention can be used as be recorded on one or more media or among one or more computer-readable programs and provide.This class medium can be floppy disk, hard disk, CD, general digital CD, flash card, PROM, RAM, ROM or tape.Usually, computer-readable program can be carried out by any programming language.Some examples of operable language comprise FORTRAN, C, C++, C# or JAVA.Software program can be stored on one or more media or among as object code.Can use hardware-acceleratedly, and all or part code can move on FPGA or ASIC.Code can move in virtual environment such as virtual machine.The a plurality of virtual machines that are used for operation code can be located at single processor.
Because can make certain variation without departing from the present invention, therefore above-mentioned instructions comprised or accompanying drawing in shown full content all should be interpreted into illustratively, and be not only literal meaning.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that without departing from the present invention sequential steps shown in the drawings and structure can change, and the explanation that is comprised only is to the multiple indivedual examples that may describe of the present invention here.
Claims (28)
1. one kind is used the 3D scan-data method that approximate initial designs is intended in reverse engineering, comprising:
The set of the 3D scan-data of representing the three dimensional object shape is provided, and described 3D scan-data is combined into a plurality of grids, the grid model of the described three dimensional object of the synthetic representative of described a plurality of grid group;
Use partition tools that described grid model is divided into a plurality of net regions;
Select net region and design idea type, described design idea is the initial designs feature; And
For selected net region, sequencing ground calculates the approximate value of selected design idea type, and the described 3D scan-data of selected net region is used in described calculating.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein said partition tools is by estimating that geometry value is divided into described a plurality of net region with described grid model.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said geometry value are one of grid curvature value and mesh standard value.
4. the method for claim 1 also comprises:
From the cad model that described grid model forms, select the feature of regulation;
Use described 3D scan-data sequencing ground to calculate the estimated parameter value of the feature of described regulation.
5. the method for claim 1, wherein said a plurality of grids are one of triangular mesh, quadrilateral mesh and point.
6. the method for claim 1, wherein said design idea is represented by the calculating of vector.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, wherein said design idea are one of draw direction, branch film direction, circular pattern axle, linearity pattern direction, cone axis, cylinder axis and rotation center.
8. the method for claim 1, wherein said design idea is represented by the calculating on plane.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, wherein said design idea are one of normal surface and minute surface.
10. the method for claim 1, wherein said design idea is represented by the calculating of polyline.
11. method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said design idea are one of stretching profile, rotation profile, track while scan curve, curve tube hub line, fillet center, virtual sharpened edge, pearl line, contour curve and branch film curve.
12. the method for claim 1, wherein said design idea are one of draft angle, constant circular angular radius, variation radius of corner, rotation angle, stretching distance and hollowing wall thickness feature.
13. a system that uses the approximate initial designs intention of 3D scan-data comprises:
Partition tools is divided into to the grid model sequencing that described partition tools will form from the 3D scan-data of three dimensional object a plurality of net regions;
User interface, described user interface can be selected net region and design idea type, and described design idea is the initial designs feature; And
With computer-aided design (CAD) (CAD) application program Communication Design intention instrument, described design idea instrument is for selected net region, sequencing ground calculates the approximate value of selected design idea type, and the described 3D scan-data of selected net region is used in described calculating.
14. system as claimed in claim 13 also comprises:
3D scanner, described 3D scanner scanning are represented a plurality of points of three dimensional object shape, and described point is combined into a plurality of grids, the grid model on the described three dimensional object of the synthetic representative of described a plurality of grid group surface.
15. system as claimed in claim 13, wherein said design idea is by the expression of one of vector, plane and polyline.
16. the tangible physical medium that computing equipment is used, described tangible physics medium accommodating are used for using the computer executable instructions of 3D scan-data in the approximate initial designs intention of reverse engineering process, described instruction comprises:
Be used to provide the instruction of the 3D scan-data set of representing the three dimensional object shape, described 3D scan-data is combined into a plurality of grids, the grid model of the described three dimensional object of the synthetic representative of described a plurality of grid group;
Be used to use partition tools described grid model to be divided into the instruction of a plurality of net regions;
Be used to select the instruction of net region and design idea type, described design idea is the initial designs feature; And
Be used for the instruction for the approximate value of the selected design idea type of selected net region sequencing ground calculating, the described 3D scan-data of selected net region is used in described calculating.
17. medium as claimed in claim 16, wherein said partition tools is by estimating that geometry value is divided into described a plurality of net region with described grid model.
18. medium as claimed in claim 17, wherein said geometry value are one of grid curvature value and mesh standard value.
19. medium as claimed in claim 16, wherein said instruction also comprises:
Be used for selecting the instruction of the feature of regulation from the cad model that described grid model forms;
Be used to the instruction of the estimated parameter value of the feature of the described regulation of calculating with using described 3D scan-data sequencing.
20. medium as claimed in claim 16, wherein said a plurality of grids are one of triangular mesh, quadrilateral mesh and point.
21. medium as claimed in claim 16, wherein said design idea is represented by the calculating of vector.
22. medium as claimed in claim 21, wherein said design idea are one of draw direction, branch film direction, circular pattern axle, linearity pattern direction, cone axis, cylinder axis and rotation center.
23. medium as claimed in claim 16, wherein said design idea is represented by the calculating on plane.
24. medium as claimed in claim 23, wherein said design idea are one of normal surface and minute surface.
25. medium as claimed in claim 16, wherein said design idea is represented by the calculating of polyline.
26. medium as claimed in claim 25, wherein said design idea are one of stretching profile, rotation profile, track while scan curve, curve tube hub line, fillet center, virtual sharpened edge, pearl line, contour curve and branch film curve.
27. medium as claimed in claim 16, wherein said design idea are one of draft angle, constant circular angular radius, variation radius of corner, rotation angle, stretching distance and hollowing wall thickness feature.
28. a method of using 3D scan-data approximate initial designs intention in reverse engineering comprises:
The set of the 3D scan-data of representing the three dimensional object shape is provided, and described 3D scan-data is combined into a plurality of grids, the grid model of the described three dimensional object of the synthetic representative of described a plurality of grid group;
Use partition tools that described grid model is divided into a plurality of net regions;
Select net region and design idea type by user interface, described design idea is the initial designs feature, discerns at least a design idea of the net region in the described grid model in sequencing and carries out described selection afterwards; And
For selected net region, sequencing ground calculates the approximate value of selected design idea type, and the described 3D scan-data of selected net region is used in described calculating.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US76751406P | 2006-05-09 | 2006-05-09 | |
| US60/767,514 | 2006-05-09 | ||
| US11/612,294 | 2006-12-18 |
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| CN101071453A true CN101071453A (en) | 2007-11-14 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105389800A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-09 | 莱卡地球系统公开股份有限公司 | Line parametric object estimation |
| CN111923185A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-11-13 | 山东大学 | 3D printing method and system for ceramic dieless direct writing |
| CN112184893A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-05 | 洛阳众智软件科技股份有限公司 | Drawing method, device and equipment for integration of linear surface body and storage medium |
-
2007
- 2007-05-08 CN CN 200710097335 patent/CN101071453A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105389800A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-09 | 莱卡地球系统公开股份有限公司 | Line parametric object estimation |
| CN105389800B (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2018-04-10 | 莱卡地球系统公开股份有限公司 | Row parameter object method of estimation |
| CN111923185A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-11-13 | 山东大学 | 3D printing method and system for ceramic dieless direct writing |
| CN112184893A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-01-05 | 洛阳众智软件科技股份有限公司 | Drawing method, device and equipment for integration of linear surface body and storage medium |
| CN112184893B (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2024-05-24 | 众智软件股份有限公司 | Line-surface body integrated drawing method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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Application publication date: 20071114 |