CN101059607A - Electrically-controlled liquid crystal light modulation glass and film - Google Patents
Electrically-controlled liquid crystal light modulation glass and film Download PDFInfo
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- CN101059607A CN101059607A CN 200610075639 CN200610075639A CN101059607A CN 101059607 A CN101059607 A CN 101059607A CN 200610075639 CN200610075639 CN 200610075639 CN 200610075639 A CN200610075639 A CN 200610075639A CN 101059607 A CN101059607 A CN 101059607A
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Abstract
The invention uses the liquid crystal near crystalline state as main material, to be filled between two mediums via special technique, as two layers of glasses, one glass layer and one plastic film layer, or two plastic film layers. When the electrode on the glass or the film is powered, the interlayer liquid crystal distribution is changed, to supply electric control light adjustment function to the two mediums, that using different controlled voltage signal between the transparent and frosted shield to freely switch, and via mixed with a binary paint, the invention can realize electric control switch between transparent and color shield (colorful or black), and via dividing electrode, the invention can display patter or word. The invention has wide application in decoration, which needs private control area and vehicle electric field, and the electric information display technical field.
Description
Technical field
This invention is the specific properties that has utilized the smectic phase liquid crystal, at a new breakthrough of field of optical applications.Photoelectricity attribute according to this liquid crystal, designed and developed out the product of " electric-controlled light-regulating glass " or " electric-controlled light-regulating film " class, control the conversion of " full impregnated is bright " and " vaporific frosted shading " of realizing window or glass metope or the conversion between " full impregnated is bright " and " coloured shading " by remote control or direct line, as Electric controlled window curtain.Wherein, full impregnated is bright and be to form by certain dyestuff mix and match with the conversion between the shading of certain color, and dyestuff is not used in vaporific frosted shading.And, can also on such glass or film, show certain pattern and decorative pattern even literal by design to transparency electrode and control circuit.
Therefore, the technology and the rudimentary knowledge of optics, electronics and three aspects of chemistry has been contained in this invention, is a kind of technological invention of multidisciplinary set.
Background technology
Can reach now in the glass of this dimming effect, mainly realize by electrochromism, photochromic, temperature induced color changing and these four kinds of technology of piezallochromy.The dimming glass of wherein photochromic, temperature induced color changing and piezallochromy is subjected to factor of environmental to influence very big, is not the intelligent dimming glass of the Autonomous Control on the complete meaning therefore.
In electrochromic dimming glass, but there is the Korean to invent the suspended particles class dimming glass of manufacturing, be transmission and the scattering degree of adjusting light between the layer glass by the number of particles of control suspension, but cost is high, and for preventing that particle from leaking requirement to operation and environment for use than higher.Finish the light modulation (patent No.: ZL200320116206.8) by the method for machinery exactly in addition, this method mainly is to place two spools at the two ends of the laminated glass of hollow, be wrapped with multiple colorful film above the spool, when realizing needing shading, a kind of film of color is spun out shading, and when needing printing opacity, can utilize the motor of control spool that the colorful film of shading is accepted, so, in fact, the rotary advertisment picture carrier in its similar our daily roadside of seeing.Different is that it is thinner that its thickness can be controlled.
And mainly cause dimming glass by the electricity of the liquid crystal polymer technology (PDLC) of U.S.'s invention is the leading role of present dimming glass on market.This technology mainly is after having used nematic state liquid crystal and Molecularly Imprinted Polymer mixing, by the arrangement attitude of control liquid crystal, to produce the difference of internal refraction coefficient, and present the conversion of the macrostate of printing opacity and astigmatism.Specifically, this Technology Need selects suitable nematic state liquid crystal and certain molecule list compound to mix, if such potpourri is recorded in the crack of certain thickness layer glass is arranged, or in the crack of two layers of plastic thin films, and these glass or plastic base (among Fig. 1 101) all are coated with transparency electrode (among Fig. 1 102) on corresponding surface, as ITO etc., the treatment with irradiation of the ultraviolet light by certain wavelength and intensity so, chemical change will take place in these molecule list compounds, agglomerated together, become Molecularly Imprinted Polymer, these polymkeric substance also are transparent.And because liquid crystal molecule evenly mixes with these Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, in the process that these Molecularly Imprinted Polymers form, will be divided into one by one little blister space to liquid crystal molecule uniformly, be that Molecularly Imprinted Polymer becomes from fusion with liquid crystal molecule and separates, Molecularly Imprinted Polymer is as the netted countless little liquid crystal bubble (among Fig. 1 103) that carried.
For these different liquid crystal bubble (among Fig. 2 220), the arrangement of liquid crystal molecule (among Fig. 2 201) is very strong directivity not, be a kind of mixed and disorderly relatively state (as shown in Figure 2) generally, in this state, because each of liquid crystal molecule is to out-phase, and and the difference of the refractive index of large-area Molecularly Imprinted Polymer carrier (among Fig. 2 202), so edge that has a common boundary with the Molecularly Imprinted Polymer carrier at these liquid crystal bubble, formed the violent and irregular variation of the refractive index of light, light (210 Fig. 2) from glass or plastic base one side incident will be scattered the light (211 among Fig. 2) of (as shown in Figure 2) scattering in these zones towards different direction outgoing so, because the volume of these liquid crystal bubbles is very little, the area that contacts with polymkeric substance is very big again, so scattering phenomenon very obviously, produced the same state of lighttight ground glass, just look like in the cold and hot gap of indoor and outdoor bigger winter, knot has been expired dewdrop and has been made the transparency of window reduce the same greatly on the window.
By being controlled at two lateral electrodes on glass or the plastic base, can control the variation of the arrangement form of liquid crystal molecule (among Fig. 3 301), as, under applying the alternating voltage of certain frequency (among Fig. 3 330) signal (80V to about 100V), liquid crystal molecule has become orderly arrangement from mixed and disorderly arrangement attitude, and with respect to the parallel direction (as shown in Figure 3) of electric field, like this, front from glass or plastic sheeting, because the arrangement in the same way of liquid crystal molecule and in the even distribution of the inner liquid crystal bubble of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer carrier (among Fig. 3 302) (320 among Fig. 3), when incident ray (310 among Fig. 3) sees through, the not too big variation of refractive index on light direct projection direction, so, do not have strong astigmatism, but the beam projecting (311 among Fig. 3) of nature has presented certain transparent effect (as shown in Figure 3).If, electric field is removed, liquid crystal molecule recovers mixed and disorderly state so, so got back to the state to scattering of light.
Summary of the invention
The smectic phase liquid crystal technology has been used in this invention, by the arrangement form of voltage change smectic phase liquid crystal, and this variation, it is exactly a kind of to the transmission of light and the variation of scattering reflecting from macroscopic view.This smectic phase liquid crystal is spent between 60 degree subzero 20 and is the starchiness of thickness.This liquid crystal material can be encapsulated between layer glass or the two layers of plastic thin films (among Fig. 4 401), perhaps between one deck glass and the layer of plastic film, thickness can be controlled at several microns between 20 microns, therefore be compared to the thickness of plastic sheeting (greater than 100 microns) and glass (greater than 400 microns), this thickness of liquid crystal layer (among Fig. 4 403) is very little.And the inboard that glass or plastic sheeting contact with liquid crystal is coated with transparency electrode (among Fig. 4 402), has formed a large-area capacitance structure (as shown in Figure 4) with the liquid crystal of interlayer.
Be applied to the voltage of the certain frequency on the transparency electrode and the time of effect by circuit design control, such as, by applying 50 to 200 hertz of left and right sides alternating currents of frequency, voltage is when 100V arrives 200V, only need be less than the tomography (as shown in Figure 5) that promptly liquid crystal arrangement in glass or plastic film substrate (among Fig. 5 501) interlayer can be reversed and formed in the time in 1 second in liquid crystal layer inside, so because liquid crystal each to out-phase (optical index of liquid crystal according to incident ray by it the optical axis different angles and difference), the junction of liquid crystal molecule of twisted arrangement (among Fig. 5 502) and tomography liquid crystal is to the light by them, exist optical index this violent variation in small thickness the inside at liquid crystal layer, therefore strong scattering has taken place in light, on macroscopic view, be exactly a kind of astigmatic effect, as acute-matte.
Change after the relative high frequency more than the electric voltage frequency to 1000 be added on the transparency electrode hertz, also only need be less than just making for 1 second liquid crystal molecule (among Fig. 6 602) get back to regularly arranged state, the optic axis of liquid crystal molecule is with respect to electrode base board plane vertical (as shown in Figure 6), light has not had the violent change of optical index by this liquid crystal layer so, so can freely see through.Glass or plastic sheeting present the bright state of full impregnated.
And between these two states, can have a plurality of progressive states, such as translucent etc.This is by applying different voltage strengths, and perhaps the duration by the effect of control voltage reaches the part distortion to Liquid Crystal Molecules Alignment, thereby produces astigmatic effect in various degree.Therefore, can freely control the translucent that whole glass or plastic sheeting present needs, between transparent or full astigmatism, also can automatically controlledly change.
Keeping this transparent, do not need keeping of voltage when scattering or translucent state, the voltage signal of effect is just in order to change the ordered state of liquid crystal, and liquid crystal molecule is after having finished the transformation of arranging under this driving force, can be stable maintain this state, so can be called " quasistatic ", in other words " multistable ".
In addition, by with have dichromatic dyestuff to mix, also can be implemented in the automatically controlled conversion between the bright and coloured shading of full impregnated.The similar of the liquid crystal molecule of dichromatic dye molecule (among Fig. 7 702) and smectic phase (among Fig. 7 701) optic axis, here the dichroic dye that need presents long molecularity, in parallel direction along long optical axis, to the absorption of light very a little less than, and along the vertical direction of long optical axis, the light of certain wave band can be absorbed greatly.If the therefore arrangement that these dichromatic dyestuffs can rule, the direction of optical axis is perpendicular to the plane (as shown in Figure 7) of glass or plastic base, so to very small of the absorption of light, so, first and last, from the light of glass or plastic sheeting one end incident (Fig. 7 710) after through this liquid crystal and dyestuff mixolimnion, very a spot of absorption and outgoing (among Fig. 7 711), and this uptake how much depend on regularly arranged degree (Order Parameter) and the solubleness of dye molecule for this liquid crystal material, therefore, glass or plastic sheeting present transparent state.Comparatively speaking, because dye molecule keeps relative ordering degree of closeness with liquid crystal molecule, if liquid crystal molecule (among Fig. 8 801) distortion and not planning a successor under the effect of external voltage, the arrangement of dye molecule (among Fig. 8 802) also can become disorderly and unsystematic thereupon, even the optical axis of a lot of dye molecules is parallel to glass or plastic base (as shown in Figure 8), the chance that (among Fig. 8 810) overlaps with the long optical axis vertical direction of dye molecule (light absorption direction) under the scattering of the inside of liquid crystal layer at liquid crystal molecule because incident ray increases greatly, so the light of certain wave band is absorbed greatly, therefore scattering and the light that goes out (among Fig. 8 811) are partially absorbed, and to present certain color (different and different according to dichromatic dye structure, bitintability dyestuff as flaxen azo group), the emergent ray of whole like this glass or plastic surface will present certain color.By selecting different dyestuffs to be mixed into liquid crystal, even can realize evenly absorbing the grey black look that visible light forms.And because be that dye molecule is dissolved in the middle of the liquid crystal molecule, and have and the arrangement trend of liquid crystal molecule with optical axis, therefore, change the ordered state of liquid crystal molecule by voltage, also changed the ordered state of dye molecule simultaneously, so, between transparent and coloured shading, can finish automatically controlled freely conversion.
The aligned twisted of the liquid crystal molecule that the front was said is because the birefraction of liquid crystal molecule itself and produce can strengthen the absorption of dye molecule to transmitted light greatly to the scattering of light effect.This is because in light scattering, and opticpath presents multi-direction in liquid crystal layer inside, like this, these light can be easier in the vertical direction of the long optical axis of dye molecule by certain absorption.And if by adjusting the strand of liquid crystal molecule, reduce the birefraction of liquid crystal molecule, like this on the optical axis and direction of liquid crystal molecule perpendicular to optical axis, the refractive index that light passes through is approaching, liquid crystal arrangement scattering effect when the distortion attitude will weaken thereupon so, strong astigmatic phenomenon can not appear in the liquid crystal layer that has added dyestuff so, therefore vaporific hazy sensations can not appear, but the ordered state that is decided by dye molecule to a greater extent changes light is seen through or the part of certain wavelength coverage is absorbed, the filter that just looks like automatically controlled color is the same, therefore, finished in " Clear ﹠ Transparent " and the also conversion between unambiguous " coloured shading ".
Further, the plane of this electric-controlled light-regulating can show various decorative patterns, pattern even literal as required.This be by will be up and down electrode on two substrates carry out stripe-arrangement and cut apart, pairing pixel on the electrode crossing position after control is cut apart respectively as required (among Fig. 9 901) is realized (as shown in Figure 9).At first, the state that reaches astigmatism or coloured shading is controlled by low-frequency voltage in whole plane, because the liquid crystal material that uses in this invention is multistable, so this astigmatism of all pixels or shading state have kept.Then, the mode that the working voltage signal drives line by line, promptly at every turn all electrodes by the control data end (among Fig. 9 911) connect the data-signal of input corresponding pixel points, corresponding that delegation that drives at needs of an electrode by control end (among Fig. 9 912) applies and chooses voltage (this voltage generally is the twice of data voltage simultaneously, be called " the 3rd selects " (Third Select) type of drive, be a kind of type of drive of passive matrix), and all other control end electrodes all are zero, like this, the state that just can change any pixel of this delegation is (astigmatic to transparent, or coloured shading is to transparent) to the state that needs or keep existing state, after delegation finishes, the electrode of control end chooses voltage to move on to next line, the data voltage signal of this delegation of input on the data terminal electrode simultaneously, by that analogy, delegation to the last, finish the light and shade control of all pixels of whole plane, formed decorative pattern, pattern or literal.According to the density of dividing electrodes, such pixel is changeable, as required, can meter not wait from 0.1 millimeter to 1.Therefore, if each pixel is smaller, such brightness adjustment control can be used as display screen and uses, and shows abundant pattern, information and literal.At this moment, can attach a reflecting plate in a side of this structure, as comprise versicolor paper, plastics, fibre, woodwork or the metallic article etc. of white.Can well improve the contrast effect of display text and pattern in a lot of electronic information applications.
Its feature may be summarized to be:
The multistable characteristic it not only can be shown as transparent and full shading two states, and can between this two states, be divided into the effect of multistage progressive transparency, keep these states not need electricity, so be called " multistable state property ".
2. this is the photoswitch of a kind of Millisecond response time to response speed soon.Transparent very short,, be generally several to dozens of milliseconds less than 1 second to the time of changing between the shading.If the translucent effect in the middle of showing, switching time is then shorter.
Energy consumption low this be the very little electronic product of a kind of energy consumption, the instantaneous working current of its every square meter is very little, and this power consumption only just needs when needs change the transparent and shading state of electronic glass or plastic sheeting, keep any one state wherein, when comprising the translucent intermediate state between them, do not need electric current to keep, so power saving very.
4. environmental protection is not because when keeping the state of electronic glass or plastic sheeting, need to apply any electric current, so have no electromagnetic radiation.And this liquid crystal material own does not have the toxic action of any skin contact yet.
5. frivolous withstand voltage if used plastic base, also can be as plastic sheeting, be attached to glass, duroplasts or above the body of wall, thus very withstand voltage anti-crushing, can be used under a lot of curved surface conditions, such as the annular door in bathroom etc.
6. color is various can realize water white transparency because can mix with dyes in different colors when transparent, but when shading, can manifest the color of dyestuff, thereby realizes showing with the shading of certain color, is not transparent and white vaporific two states.So be fit to much occasions of needs individual character color.
7. effectively protection privacy is under a lot of particular environment, the indoor privacy that needs protection, but guarantee enough light again, and the vaporific diffusing look by electronic window like this, the luminance brightness in can holding chamber, and outdoor observer can't have an X-rayed.Like this, when needs were light and spacious, electronic glass or film were transparent, the privacy that needs protection, electronic glass or membrane shield.
8. can be used as display and use by the segmentation electrode and form light modulation, realized showing the literal or the pattern-information of certain content, perhaps as personalized forms pattern decorative that can be automatically controlled to each pixel.
In sum, this invention is exactly a characteristic of having utilized the smectic phase liquid crystal, be included in the combined characteristic that wherein adds the dichroic dye mixing and control the scattering and the color filtering of light,, perhaps between " full impregnated is bright " and " coloured shading ", transform at " full impregnated is bright " and " vaporific shading ".This is a kind of brand-new electric-controlled light-regulating and information display mode.
Description of drawings
Figure one: the basic structure of the liquid crystal polymer technology (PDLC) of U.S.'s invention, and wherein 101 is glass or plastic film substrate, divides two up and down; 102 is transparent electrode layer, is in the opposite planar of two-layer substrate up and down; 103 is liquid crystal and polymer mixed layer, and promptly the PDLC layer is to be carrier with the polymkeric substance, has wherein comprised the liquid crystal bubble of a lot of equally distributed nematic state liquid crystal.
Figure two: the liquid crystal arrangement trend of PDLC layer under no impressed voltage, wherein 201 is liquid crystal molecule, 202 carriers for Molecularly Imprinted Polymer formation, 210 is incident ray, 211 for having passed through scattering behind the PDLC layer to the light of all directions, and 220 be illustrated in the little liquid crystal bubble that exists in the polymer support.
Figure three: the liquid crystal arrangement trend of PDLC layer under certain impressed voltage, wherein 301 is liquid crystal molecule, 302 carriers for Molecularly Imprinted Polymer formation, 310 is incident ray, 311 for having passed through the free transmitted ray behind the PDLC layer, and 320 be illustrated in the little liquid crystal bubble that exists in the polymer support, the voltage-operated device that 330 expressions add.
Figure four: the basic structure of electronic dimming product of the present invention, and wherein 401 is glass or plastic film substrate, divides two up and down; 402 is transparent electrode layer, is in the opposite planar of two-layer substrate up and down; 403 is liquid crystal layer, is the smectic phase liquid crystal.
Figure five: liquid crystal molecule distortion and the tomography synoptic diagram of liquid crystal layer of the present invention under the low-frequency voltage effect, wherein 501 for being coated with the glass or the plastic base of transparency electrode, 502 are the liquid crystal molecule under the twisted state, the control voltage that 510 expressions add, the voltage signal of output low frequency, each trigger action time very short (less than one second).
Figure six: the liquid crystal molecule regularly arranged view of liquid crystal layer of the present invention under the effect of relative high frequency voltage, wherein 601 for being coated with the glass or the plastic base of transparency electrode, 602 are the liquid crystal molecule under the twisted state, the control voltage that 610 expressions add, the voltage signal of output relative high frequency, each trigger action time very short (less than one second).
Figure seven: the micromechanism synoptic diagram when liquid crystal and dye molecule are regularly arranged among the present invention, and wherein 701 are liquid crystal molecule (being labeled as white), and 702 are dye molecule (being labeled as grey), and liquid crystal molecule and dye molecule are arranged in parallel under certain rule degree; 710 are the light of incident, and 711 be the light of outgoing, have only a small amount of absorption, and integral body presents pellucidity.
Figure eight: liquid crystal and the dye molecule micromechanism synoptic diagram when twisting and do not plan a successor arrangement among the present invention, wherein 801 are liquid crystal molecule (being labeled as white), 802 are dye molecule (being labeled as grey), and liquid crystal molecule and dye molecule be still keeping parallelism arrangement under certain rule degree; 810 for the light of incident, and 811 be the emergent ray after the scattering, because incident ray increases greatly with chance that the long optical axis vertical direction (light absorption direction) of dye molecule overlaps under the scattering of the inside of liquid crystal layer at liquid crystal molecule, so the light of certain wave band is absorbed greatly, therefore scattering and the light that goes out are partially absorbed and present certain color, or the mixed grey black look of several dyestuff.
Figure nine: the electrode structure synoptic diagram of Qu Donging line by line, wherein 901 represent a pixel, and according to the density of dividing electrodes, such pixel is changeable, as required, can meter not wait from 0.1 millimeter to 1.911 data electrodes for data terminal input, the control electrode of the 912 control voltage signals of importing for control end.
Embodiment
This invention can be with glass, and the form of plastic sheeting is used, and perhaps this film can be attached on the plane of various material and shape (as simple glass, rigid plastic sheet and body of wall etc.) and use.Therefore, can be widely used in the building decoration and fitment of various planes and curved surface, private control area or electronic vehicle light modulation equipment, as the skylight, the vault of heaven and vehicle window etc.
In the building decoration field, modern finishing has adopted glass as starting material in a large number, all has in meeting room, office, hotel, top grade entertainment place, family kitchen, toilet very widely and uses.Directly control or the remote control mode electric-controlled light-regulating by the connecting line that has used this invention to provide; realized the transparent and shading two states of any switching indoor and outdoor; and regulated at will penetrability as required in two states; this glass wall can also be applied to some special building materials fields; bank ATM booth for example; special dimensions such as call box, the protection individual privacy.
In the automotive electronics application, the light modulation film of this invention can be fitted in automatically controlled skylight or above the vehicle window (comprising front, side door and back windshield) easily, straight control or remote control mode by connecting line, regulate the power of light into the car, above front glass, play the astigmatism effect, can prevent the sunlight direct projection, influence driver drives vehicle, the interception that has replaced sunshading board, but more effectively utilized sunlight.Vehicle window for side and backstop can play the free adjustment transparency, can shading when needing and the effect of effectively protection privacy, but greatly facilitating the driver, full clear state drives at night and rainy weather.Skylight and the vault of heaven for automobile; also light modulation film can be attached to the inboard in skylight; regulate the incident intensity of light as required; the good visual field and Che Nei brightness are arranged when transparent; in shading or astigmatism; play the effect of privacy in antitheft and the protection car, and personalized color shading can be arranged.
According to the introduction of front, when information such as the single pattern of Show Color, literal, according to its quasistatic and the lower characteristic of refresh rate, the space is widely used in the broadcasting bulletin system field.Broadcasting bulletin system comprises the various bulletin boards of present public place, as the interest rate in places such as bank, stock exchange, airport, the exchange rate, stock price information board, Flight Information board etc.; The bulletin in consumption such as supermarket, hotel, market, movie theatre place, placard, sales promotion information board etc.
Claims (10)
1. in being coated with the interlayer of the two layer medium plane of electrode or curved surface, the surface records the potpourri of liquid crystal or liquid crystal and dichroic dye, realize the electric-controlled light-regulating function by this structure, liquid crystal layer or liquid crystal and dye mixture layer thickness are between 2 micron to 30 microns.
2. the electrode that uses in the structure of claim 1 can be transparency electrode (as ITO etc., but being not limited to one kind of ITO) or metal electrode (as aluminium, copper, silver etc., but being not limited to above three kinds).
The two layer medium of in the structure of claim 1, using can be layer glass, two layers of plastic, one deck glass and one deck plastics or wherein one deck be metal.
4. the plastic medium in claim 3 is plastic sheeting or plastic plate.
5. in the structure of claim 1, used the smectic phase liquid crystal.Regulate to see through the light of two layer medium by the smectic phase liquid crystal, the structure that makes claim 1 between transparent and the scattering shading and astigmatic shading in various degree between conversion.
6. smectic phase liquid crystal and dichroic dye in the structure of claim 1, have been used.Regulate the light that sees through two layer medium by the potpourri that control smectic phase liquid crystal and dichroic dye are formed, the structure that makes claim 1 is carried out the conversion of different depth degrees between transparent and certain colored shading.
7. in the structure of claim 1, used the potpourri that smectic phase liquid crystal and two or more dichroic dye are formed.Regulate the light that sees through two layer medium by the potpourri that control smectic phase liquid crystal and dichroic dye are formed, the structure that makes claim 1 transparent and certain is colored or black between, carry out the conversion of different depth degrees.
8. the direct control mode or the remote control mode that have used electric wire to connect in the structure of claim 1 carry out the adjusting of light.
9. in the structure of claim 1, form the pixel matrix that to control respectively, make the structure display pattern and the Word message of claim 1 by cutting apart electrode.
10. used reflecting plate (as comprising white versicolor paper, plastics, fibre, woodwork or metallic article etc.) at the pattern of claim 9 and a side of Word message display structure.
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2006
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