Background technology
In the no speed of synchronous motor, the position transducer control; Just had a kind of in the past to output current or the overlapping high order harmonic component of output voltage; Utilize the poor of inductance (Ld, Lq) in magnetic flux axle (d axle) and vertical with the magnetic flux axle axle (q axle), detect the method for speed or position of magnetic pole.The technology that patent documentation 1 has been shown among Figure 10 is technological as in the past.In addition, though among Figure 10, synchronous motor is a permanent magnet synchronous motor, if use the winding type synchronous motor with magnetic field device, action too.In the speed controlling portion 103, operating speed command value ω r
*Speed estimating value ω r^ with speed estimating portion 112 calculates calculates torque instruction value τ
*Torque instruction value τ
*Since after the high order harmonic component stated overlapping, and contain the high order harmonic component composition, remove the high order harmonic component compositions through notch filter 104.In the current-order operational part 105, according to torque instruction value τ
*Calculate torque current instruction It
*With excitation current instruction Im
*Here; In the torque control of synchronous motor; Shown in figure 11, need be controlled to be and make that the phase difference
of m axle (perpendicular to the axle of torque current), the relative d axle of t axle (axle that is parallel to torque current), q axle is zero.Next, produce the electric current high order harmonic component Δ Im of given amplitude, frequency in the higher harmonic current generation portion 113
*Electric current high order harmonic component Δ Im
*With excitation current instruction Im
*Addition, and use phase theta that phase place operational part 109 obtains, with current detection value from current detector 107, by current control division 106 outputs 3 cross streams voltage instructions.In addition, in the current control division 106, carry out t shaft voltage instruction Vt
*, m shaft voltage instruction Vm
*Computing, and calculate 3 cross streams voltage instructions through coordinate transform based on phase theta.In the power converter portion 101,, give synchronous motor 102 on-load voltages according to the alternating voltage instruction.In addition, detect voltage, and vertically extract the high order harmonic component composition Vh identical out with Δ Im frequency by higher harmonic voltage test section 110 and m axle by voltage detector 108.Afterwards, use high order harmonic component composition Vh and Δ Im, calculate velocity error Δ ω ^ by velocity error test section 111.In the technology, utilized the salience(-cy) of the structure or the magnetic flux of motor in the past, and for example be in Lq under the situation of this relation of Ld, velocity error Δ ω ^ becomes the relation shown in (formula 1).ω h is the frequency of high order harmonic component composition.
In (formula 1); Δ ω ^ under the situation of <img file=" S07189356720070402D000022.GIF " he=" 54 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" tif " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 154 " /> < 0, Δ ω ^ under the situation of <img file=" S07189356720070402D000023.GIF " he=" 54 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" tif " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 153 " >0.In the speed estimating portion 112, the passing ratio integrating circuit is exported velocity error Δ ω ^ as speed estimating value ω r^.Through like this; Be slower than at the m axle under the situation of d axle (<img file=" S07189356720070402D000024.GIF " he=" 52 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" tif " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 155 " />); Pick up speed presumed value Δ ω r^ (Δ ω ^>0); Under the situation of m axle (<img file=" S07189356720070402D000025.GIF " he=" 53 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" tif " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 152 " />) faster than the d axle; Reducing speed presumed value Δ ω r^ (Δ ω ^ 0), through carrying out speed estimating like this.In addition, though among Figure 10 to the overlapping high order harmonic component of electric current and detect voltage, also can use additive method, higher harmonic voltage is overlapped onto in the voltage instruction, and the voltage after using this overlapping and current detection value also can be realized same purpose.
No. 3484058 communiques of [patent documentation 1] special permission (record of (0011) section to (0019) section)
But, in the technology, torque pulsation took place owing to high order harmonic component is overlapping in the past, may receive influences such as mechanical resonance, thereby be difficult to starting smoothly.In addition, utilizing under the situation of salience(-cy), for example under the situation of the synchronous motor with damping winding, because the salience(-cy) that influences of damping winding reduces, the suitable of technology became difficult in the past.In addition, needing under the situation of voltage detecting the influence of the voltage detecting error when being easy to receive low speed.And then, because above-mentioned high order harmonic component and the caused control phase error of voltage detecting error, cause the motor counter-rotating sometimes, causing can ging wrong under the limited situation of reversible angle because of mechanically restriction.Have again, in the design of speed control system and speed estimating system, need the constant of motor and mechanical system, can't clearly grasp these and just be difficult to use.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of the synchro motor drive device of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the phase difference
of
expression embodiment 1 and the figure of the relation that torque takes place.
Fig. 3 is the It of expression embodiment 1
*, ω r
*, Δ θ the figure of relation.
Fig. 4 is the It of expression embodiment 3
*, ω r
*, Δ θ the figure of relation.
Fig. 5 is the It of expression embodiment 4
*, ω r
*, Δ θ the figure of relation.
Fig. 6 is the It of expression embodiment 5
*, ω r
*, Δ θ the figure of relation.
Fig. 7 is the structure chart of the synchro motor drive device of embodiment 6.
Fig. 8 is the structure chart of the synchro motor drive device of embodiment 7.
Fig. 9 is the structure chart of the synchro motor drive device of embodiment 8.
Figure 10 is the structure chart of induction motor drive unit of technology in the past.
Figure 11 is for representing the figure of the reference axis of technology in the past.
Among the figure: 1-torque instruction value configuration part, 2-phase place correction value configuration part, 3-frequency correction value operational part, 4-coordinate converting section; 5-integration part, 11-current-order switching part, 101-power converter portion, 102-synchronous motor; 103-speed controlling portion, 104-notch filter, 105-current-order operational part, 106-current control division; 107-current detector, 108-voltage detector, 109-phase place operational part, 110-higher harmonic voltage test section; 111-velocity error test section, 112-speed estimating portion, 113-higher harmonic current generation portion, 121-starting could test section; 122-phase place correction value is the configuration part again, and 123-current-order is the configuration part again, and 124-speed command is the configuration part again.
Embodiment
The contrast accompanying drawing is elaborated to the present invention below.
[embodiment 1]
Use Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, the induction motor drive unit of present embodiment and the technological in the past different portions of Figure 10 are described.In addition, related here is the control method of given speed from start to accelerating to.In the torque instruction
value configuration part 1; Let torque instruction value
be equivalent to accelerating torque+load torque, for example be made as about 60% of nominal torque.Next, in the current-order
operational part 105, torque current instruction It is set
*=set-point, excitation current instruction Im
*=0.Because the field supply by other magnetic field device produces magnetic flux, therefore generally be controlled to be Im=0.At this moment; The electric current I d of
synchronous motor 102, Iq, magnetic flux Φ d, Φ q, generation torque
are respectively shown in (formula 2) to (formula 6).In addition; Phase difference
is the phase deviation of d axle shown in Figure 11 and m axle, and Md, If, P are respectively the number of poles of d axle coefficient of mutual inductance, field supply and motor.
Φ d=LdId+MdIf (formula 4)
Φ q=LqIq (formula 5)
Here; It is relation shown in Figure 2 with phase difference
that torque
takes place; For example shown in Figure 2; If establishing the needed torque of the starting of motor is 30% of nominal torque; Just as shown in Figure 2; But the scope that has a starting phase poor
with can't startup range, even and the scope that exists starting also can reverse.When starting motor; Because the initial position of motor flux is not clear; Therefore phase difference
because of how setting control phase changes, and can't learn above-mentioned which scope that got into.
Therefore, in the phase
place correction portion 2,, for example make the phase place correction value be changed to Δ θ=-180 ° →-90 ° → 0 ° as phase place correction value Δ θ.Phase place correction value Δ θ and phase theta addition are used for the coordinate transform of
current control division 106 and coordinate converting section 4.Through like this; Even got at first under phase difference
that can't startup range, 270 ° ± 20 ° the situation; Through staggering 90 ° phase place; But also can get into startup range, the rotor starting of motor.In addition, phase place correction value Δ θ makes that through on positive veer, increasing rotor is easy to rotate up in pros.
Torque current instruction It has been shown among Fig. 3
*, speed value ω r
*, and phase place correction value Δ θ between relation.Torque current instruction It
*Tax is with set-point.In addition, though among Fig. 3, starting from scratch at first rises to set-point, can be set-point at the very start also.Phase place correction value Δ θ, 90 ° of ground one by one, aligned position also increases in 1,2,3 scope.Though in the present embodiment, twice change phase place correction value Δ θ, so long as get final product more than 1 time, but start more easily than 1 time more than 2 times.Speed value ω r
*For example 0 begin to increase from set-point.Can let speed value ω r
*From beginning increase at first.At this moment, at speed value ω r
*Set-point be set as under 0 the situation, the position of magnetic pole (d axle) that moves to rotor is parallel to current axis (t axle) (phase difference
Or 270 °), make torque tau m=0 takes place.Through like this; D axial phase difference
rotation, vibrate as the center at the beginning.The counter-rotating situation takes place this moment.
Therefore, frequency correction value
operational part 3 through detect the vibration of the rotating speed of motor according to current detection value, calculates frequency correction value Δ ω, and revises output frequency, and the vibration that suppresses to rotate reduces counter-rotating.Frequency correction value
operational part 3 for example adopts ratio circuit, with ImFB as input.This be because; Pass through phase difference
during starting; The q axle overlaps with the m axle among Figure 11; Therefore under the situation that influences Iq generation vibration of the vibration component that receives rotor, this vibration component is the strong cause that embodies in ImFB.Therefore, use ImFB to come control frequency, suppress the vibration of rotating speed, reduce counter-rotating.And then, passed through after preset time, make its command value ω r that gathers way
*, quicken.At this moment; Influence at phase difference
causes rotating speed to take place under the situation of vibration; Use has the current detection value of the vibration component identical with the vibration frequency of rotating speed; Calculate frequency correction value Δ ω, control frequency.In this case, can not use the ImFB of Fig. 1 and use ItFB, frequency correction value
operational part 3 is made up of ratio or proportional integral or incomplete differential circuit.Through like this, the same during with starting, when quickening, also can suppress the vibration of rotating speed.In addition, through by 109 couples of speed value ω of phase place operational part r
*Carry out integration with frequency correction value Δ ω sum, calculate phase theta as control phase.Through like this, because therefore operating speed presumed value not can not receive the influence of caused speed estimating errors such as voltage, current detecting error.
As stated, in the present embodiment, in the Start-up of Synchronous Motor of no speed, position transducer, the phase place that setting can be started reduces counter-rotating simultaneously.Like this, can carry out level and smooth starting, acceleration, can not bring burden simultaneously to mechanical system through simple setting.
[embodiment 2]
Present embodiment and embodiment 1 different portions are described.In the present embodiment,, change the number of degrees such as for example 90 ° or 45 ° or 30 ° or 10 ° below 90 ° one by one with phase place correction value Δ θ.Through like this, rotation becomes more level and smooth.
[embodiment 3]
Use Fig. 4, present embodiment and
embodiment 1,
embodiment 2 different portions are described.Among Fig. 4, relative Fig. 3 of
embodiment 1 lets the time t1 that phase place correction value Δ θ is made as initial set point, and is shorter than time t2-t1, the t3-t2 of later change phase place correction value Δ θ.This be because, among Figure 11, under the situation about beginning in 180 ° the position of staggering from t axle (current axis) and d axle (magnetic pole axle); Can't start; And because the t shaft current causes degaussing, therefore change and t axle (m axle) when moving, can't start because of degaussing sometimes at phase place correction value Δ θ.In addition; Why t1 can start with interior; Be because near phase place correction value
; But next, phase place correction value Δ θ also is in the startup range when moving 90 °, as long as prevent the degaussing of initial phase place correction value Δ θ.In the present embodiment,, can suppress degaussing, easily starting through shortening the setting-up time of initial phase place correction value Δ θ.
[embodiment 4]
Use Fig. 5, present embodiment and embodiment 1 to embodiment 3 different portions are described.Among Fig. 5, let initial setting phase place correction value Δ θ during torque current instruction It in (location 1)
*, than changed phase place correction value Δ θ during torque current instruction It in (location 2, location 3)
*Little.For example, location 1 is made as and is 40% of rated current, after this is 60%, and is the degree that can not form overcurrent.Through reducing initial torque current instruction It
*, the same with embodiment 3, be at first can degaussing, the same with embodiment 3, starting easily.
[embodiment 5]
Use Fig. 6, present embodiment and embodiment 1 to embodiment 4 different portions are described.Among Fig. 6,, torque current is instructed It in the moment of change phase place correction value Δ θ
*Temporarily be made as 0, recover again afterwards.Like this,, can suppress the excessive increase of the caused electric current of phase change, the overcurrent when preventing phase place correction value Δ θ change through phase place correction value Δ θ.
[embodiment 6]
Use Fig. 7, present embodiment and embodiment 1 to embodiment 5 different portions are described.Among Fig. 7, Fig. 1 carries out integration with the frequency correction value Δ ω that is obtained in the frequency correction value operational part 3, and is altered to phase place in integration part 5 relatively, and phase theta is revised.This and embodiment 1 equivalence can access the effect identical with embodiment 1.
[embodiment 7]
Use Fig. 8, present embodiment and embodiment 1 to embodiment 6 different portions are described.Among Fig. 8, Fig. 1 is provided with current-order switching part 11 and replaces phase place correction value configuration part 2 relatively.Current-order switching part 11 of embodiment 1, makes phase theta begin to increase from initial value under 90 ° the situation, for example shown in (formula 7), (formula 8), according to torque current instruction It
*, excitation current instruction Im
*, calculate It
*, Im
*
It
*=sin (90 °) Im
*+ cos (90 °) It
*(formula 7)
Im
*=cos (90 °) Im
*-sin (90 °) It
*(formula 8)
At excitation current instruction Im
*Under=0 the situation, It
*=0, Im
*=-It
*In addition, next shown in embodiment 1, hoping increases phase theta under 180 ° the situation from initial value, in the current-order switching part 11, as long as (formula 7), (formula 8) 90 ° are become 180 °, calculates It
*, Im
*Get final product.Through like this, need not actual change phase theta, just with let t axle, m axle rotation given angle equivalence, thereby can access the effect identical with embodiment 1.
[embodiment 8]
Use Fig. 9, present embodiment and embodiment 1 to embodiment 7 different portions are described.Among Fig. 9, relative Fig. 1, whether being provided with starting could test section 121, use current detection value to discern starting and quicken well to carry out.For example, be under the situation more than the given electric current at current detection value, be regarded as starting and quicken failure.In addition, though omit among Fig. 9, in the present embodiment except current detection value, can also the working voltage detected value or voltage instruction value.Quicken under the situation of failure detecting starting, in order to restart, speed command configuration part 124 again is classified as initial value with speed value.In addition, the phase place correction value is again in the configuration part 122, and phase place correction value (number of times that comprises value and change phase place) is set at different value under the situation with starting failure again.In addition, current-order is again in the configuration part 123, and current instruction value (comprising value and change number of times) is set at different value under the situation with starting failure again.As long as the change of value is with at least one side in phase place correction value and the current instruction value.For example, the same through the phase place correction value is made as the value less than the last time with embodiment 2, make that rotation is more level and smooth.In addition, if current instruction value greater than the last time, just torque can increase, starts and quickens to be more prone to.