CN101041606A - Loss control method for low cost environment-friendly type nitrogenous fertilizer and loss control fertilizer - Google Patents
Loss control method for low cost environment-friendly type nitrogenous fertilizer and loss control fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN101041606A CN101041606A CNA2007100202643A CN200710020264A CN101041606A CN 101041606 A CN101041606 A CN 101041606A CN A2007100202643 A CNA2007100202643 A CN A2007100202643A CN 200710020264 A CN200710020264 A CN 200710020264A CN 101041606 A CN101041606 A CN 101041606A
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- nitrogen
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- nitrogen fertilizer
- loss control
- loss
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- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种低成本环保型氮肥控失方法及控失肥，利用天然一维纳米矿物材料——凹凸棒土复配有机絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺和无机絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁，达到将氮素(氨氮、尿素等)固定在土壤中，减少氮素通过淋溶、径流及挥发三种途径的流失。本发明可以减少氮素流失达20％－60％，提高氮肥利用率，减少氮素对水体和大气的污染，长期施用，可以改良土壤。The invention provides a low-cost environment-friendly nitrogen fertilizer loss control method and loss control fertilizer, using natural one-dimensional nanometer mineral material - attapulgite compounded with organic flocculant polyacrylamide and inorganic flocculant polyaluminum ferric chloride, to achieve Nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen, urea, etc.) is fixed in the soil to reduce the loss of nitrogen through leaching, runoff and volatilization. The invention can reduce the loss of nitrogen by 20%-60%, improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the pollution of nitrogen to water body and air, and can improve soil by long-term application.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于环境保护技术，具体是一种氮肥控失方法与控失肥料。The invention belongs to environmental protection technology, in particular to a nitrogen fertilizer loss control method and loss control fertilizer.
背景技术Background technique
2002年，联合国环境规划署发表《全球环境展望》报告，将大气和水污染恶化列为八大环境问题之首。大气污染最重要的诱因是温室气体排放，水污染主要是氮、磷等进入水体致使水体富营养化。一项研究表明，由于化肥的大量使用和使用不当，我国每年有123.5万吨氮通过地表水泾流到江河湖泊，49.4万吨进入地下水，299万吨进入大气。氮经径流、淋洗等途径进入等水体，导致江河湖海富营养化，挥发物以N2O形式进入大气，导致温室气体增加。可见，氮肥的大量使用形成了“从地下到空中”的立体污染，造成的损失是触目惊心的。In 2002, the United Nations Environment Program published the "Global Environment Outlook" report, which listed the deterioration of air and water pollution as the first of the eight major environmental problems. The most important cause of air pollution is greenhouse gas emissions, and water pollution is mainly caused by the entry of nitrogen and phosphorus into water bodies, resulting in eutrophication of water bodies. A study shows that due to the extensive use and improper use of chemical fertilizers, 1.235 million tons of nitrogen flows into rivers and lakes through surface waters, 494,000 tons enters groundwater, and 2.99 million tons enters the atmosphere in my country every year. Nitrogen enters other water bodies through runoff and leaching, leading to eutrophication of rivers, lakes and seas, and volatiles enter the atmosphere in the form of N 2 O, leading to an increase in greenhouse gases. It can be seen that the extensive use of nitrogen fertilizer has formed a three-dimensional pollution "from the ground to the air", and the losses caused are shocking.
水体中的氮来源很多，其中有外源性负荷和内源性负荷。外源性的氮有面源污染和点源污染。面源污染主要来源于农业，约占70％，点源污染主要来源于生活污水和工业废水，内源性负荷有沉积物中氮的释放、水生动植物新陈代谢分解等。据Isermann(1990)估计，在西欧，农业土壤中占37％～82％的氮释放到地表水。对Danish的270条小河的营养监测表明，其中94％的氮，主要来自农业活动的非点源污染。在我国，最近20～30年间，每年损失到农田之外的氮超过1000多万吨，直接经济损失约300亿元。There are many sources of nitrogen in water bodies, including exogenous loads and endogenous loads. Exogenous nitrogen has non-point source pollution and point source pollution. Non-point source pollution mainly comes from agriculture, accounting for about 70%. Point source pollution mainly comes from domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. Endogenous loads include the release of nitrogen in sediments and the metabolic decomposition of aquatic animals and plants. According to Isermann's (1990) estimate, in Western Europe, 37% to 82% of nitrogen in agricultural soils is released to surface water. Nutrient monitoring of 270 small rivers in Danish showed that 94% of the nitrogen, mainly comes from non-point source pollution from agricultural activities. In my country, in the last 20 to 30 years, more than 10 million tons of nitrogen have been lost to farmland every year, and the direct economic loss is about 30 billion yuan.
可见，控制氮肥流失，是减少水污染的首要问题。现有的缓释肥或者控释肥因为成本太高，难以被广大农民接受，不利于大规模推广应用，所以研制一种低成本环保型氮肥控失技术显得十分必要。It can be seen that controlling the loss of nitrogen fertilizer is the primary issue in reducing water pollution. Existing slow-release fertilizers or controlled-release fertilizers are too expensive to be accepted by farmers and are not conducive to large-scale application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a low-cost and environmentally friendly nitrogen loss control technology.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种低成本环保型氮肥控失方法及控失肥，利用天然一维纳米矿物材料——凹凸棒土复配有机絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺和无机絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁，达到将氮素(氨氮、尿素等)固定在土壤中，减少氮素通过淋溶、径流及挥发三种途径的流失。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-cost environment-friendly nitrogen fertilizer loss control method and loss control fertilizer, using natural one-dimensional nano-mineral material - attapulgite compounded with organic flocculant polyacrylamide and inorganic flocculant polyaluminum ferric chloride , to fix nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen, urea, etc.) in the soil, and reduce the loss of nitrogen through three ways: leaching, runoff and volatilization.
本发明的技术方案如下：Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
低成本环保型氮肥控失方法，其特征在于利用天然一维纳米矿物材料——凹凸棒土复配有机絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺和无机絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁与氮肥进行混合造料或拌匀，将氮肥施用到土壤中后，将氮素固定在土壤中，减少氮素通过淋溶、径流及挥发三种途径的流失。The low-cost and environment-friendly nitrogen fertilizer loss control method is characterized in that the natural one-dimensional nano-mineral material—attapulgite compounded with organic flocculant polyacrylamide and inorganic flocculant polyaluminum ferric chloride and nitrogen fertilizer is used for mixing or mixing , After nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the soil, nitrogen will be fixed in the soil to reduce the loss of nitrogen through leaching, runoff and volatilization.
所述的氮肥∶凹凸棒土∶聚丙烯酰胺∶聚合氯化铝铁按1000∶100-300∶1-5∶2-10的重量配比，混匀造粒或搅匀。The nitrogen fertilizer: attapulgite: polyacrylamide: polyaluminum ferric chloride is mixed and granulated or stirred in a weight ratio of 1000:100-300:1-5:2-10.
所述的氮肥是指尿素或铵态氮肥。The nitrogen fertilizer refers to urea or ammonium nitrogen fertilizer.
低成本环保型氮肥控失肥，所述各组分的重量配比为：Low-cost environment-friendly nitrogen fertilizer loss-controlling fertilizer, the weight ratio of each component is:
氮肥 1000Nitrogen Fertilizer 1000
凹凸棒土 100-300Attapulgite 100-300
聚丙烯酰胺 1-5Polyacrylamide 1-5
聚合氯化铝铁 2-10。Polyaluminum Ferric Chloride 2-10.
所述的氮肥是指尿素或铵态氮肥。The nitrogen fertilizer refers to urea or ammonium nitrogen fertilizer.
本发明的原理是：一方面利用凹凸棒土的纳米孔道结构、高比面积和高离子交换容量的性质，将氨氮或者尿素分子通过化学和物理吸附的方式固定在纳米孔道内部和外表面上，然后利用聚丙烯酰胺和聚合氯化铝铁的强絮凝特点，使凹凸棒土及其周围的土壤絮凝，形成较大的凹凸棒土分子网。这样既可以增大凹凸棒土对氮素的吸附率又可以阻止凹凸棒土被水流带走，从而达到氮肥控失的目的。The principle of the present invention is: on the one hand, using the nanopore structure, high specific area and high ion exchange capacity of attapulgite, the ammonia nitrogen or urea molecules are fixed on the inside and outside of the nanopore through chemical and physical adsorption, Then use the strong flocculation characteristics of polyacrylamide and polyaluminum ferric chloride to flocculate the attapulgite and the surrounding soil to form a larger molecular network of attapulgite. This can not only increase the nitrogen adsorption rate of the attapulgite, but also prevent the attapulgite from being carried away by the water flow, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the loss of nitrogen fertilizer.
有益效果：Beneficial effect:
1、本技术可以减少氮素流失达20％-60％，提高氮肥利用率，减少氮素对水体和大气的污染。1. This technology can reduce the loss of nitrogen by 20%-60%, improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and reduce the pollution of nitrogen to water and air.
2、成本低。制成的控失肥，每袋价格不高于常规同类型氮肥。易被农民接受，大面积推广，因而颇具应用价值和市场潜力。2. Low cost. The price of the loss-controlling fertilizer produced is no higher than that of conventional nitrogen fertilizers of the same type. It is easily accepted by farmers and popularized in a large area, so it has considerable application value and market potential.
3、所加材料全部环境友好，且具土壤改良作用。3. The materials added are all environmentally friendly and have soil improvement effects.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
1，将氮肥(尿素或铵态氮肥)∶凹凸棒土∶聚丙烯酰胺∶聚合氯化铝铁按1000∶(100-300)∶(1-5)∶(2-10)的配比，混匀造粒，粒径控制在2-6mm。按常规氮肥施用方法及使用量施用既可。1. Mix nitrogen fertilizer (urea or ammonium nitrogen fertilizer): attapulgite: polyacrylamide: polyaluminum ferric chloride according to the ratio of 1000: (100-300): (1-5): (2-10), mix Uniform granulation, the particle size is controlled at 2-6mm. It can be applied according to the conventional nitrogen fertilizer application method and usage amount.
2，将凹凸棒土∶聚丙烯酰胺∶聚合氯化铝铁按1中的配比混匀，然后与氮肥搅拌混匀，作为氮肥增效剂使用。2. Mix attapulgite: polyacrylamide: polyaluminum ferric chloride according to the ratio in 1, then stir and mix with nitrogen fertilizer, and use it as a nitrogen fertilizer synergist.
Claims (5)
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| CNB2007100202643A CN100503523C (en) | 2007-03-11 | 2007-03-11 | Low-cost environment-friendly nitrogen fertilizer loss control method and loss control fertilizer |
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| CNB2007100202643A CN100503523C (en) | 2007-03-11 | 2007-03-11 | Low-cost environment-friendly nitrogen fertilizer loss control method and loss control fertilizer |
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| CN101041606A true CN101041606A (en) | 2007-09-26 |
| CN100503523C CN100503523C (en) | 2009-06-24 |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102173962A (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2011-09-07 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Built-in screen type controlled-release urea as well as production method and application thereof |
| CN102498950A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-20 | 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 | Selenium sustained-release edible fungus additive for selenium-rich culturing of edible fungus and preparation method thereof |
| CN102515978A (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-06-27 | 河南心连心化肥有限公司 | Slow-release urea and production method thereof |
| CN103224424A (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-07-31 | 湖北三得利肥业有限公司 | Sustained and controlled release composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103708915A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-09 | 广西科技大学 | Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103708917A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-09 | 广西科技大学 | Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103724110A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-16 | 广西科技大学 | Slow release ammonium carbonate fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102173962A (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2011-09-07 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Built-in screen type controlled-release urea as well as production method and application thereof |
| CN102515978A (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-06-27 | 河南心连心化肥有限公司 | Slow-release urea and production method thereof |
| CN102498950A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-20 | 苏州硒谷科技有限公司 | Selenium sustained-release edible fungus additive for selenium-rich culturing of edible fungus and preparation method thereof |
| CN103960467A (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2014-08-06 | 夏伦志 | Modified straw aminating agent and usage method thereof |
| CN103224424B (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2014-05-07 | 湖北三得利肥业有限公司 | Sustained and controlled release composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103224424A (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-07-31 | 湖北三得利肥业有限公司 | Sustained and controlled release composite fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103708915A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-09 | 广西科技大学 | Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103724110A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-16 | 广西科技大学 | Slow release ammonium carbonate fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103724109A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-16 | 广西科技大学 | Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103708917A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-09 | 广西科技大学 | Slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105801228A (en) * | 2014-12-27 | 2016-07-27 | 锦州硕丰农药集团有限公司 | Controlled release medical fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105409571A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-03-23 | 铜仁学院 | Method for raising cotton yield and plantation benefits of high saline and alkaline land |
| CN105409571B (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | 铜仁学院 | The method for improving heavy saline output of cotton and planting benefit |
| CN106433671A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-02-22 | 巢湖春友种业科技有限公司 | Soil fertilizer loss rate reducible soil modifier and preparation method thereof |
| CN108341457A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-07-31 | 合肥浦邦农业科技有限公司 | A kind of freshwater aquiculture fishpond disinfection oxygenation agent |
| CN110511759A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-29 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of ore powder soil conditioner and its application in preventing and controlling cadmium absorption and nitrogen loss |
| CN116119767A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-05-16 | 江苏建霖环保科技有限公司 | Modified mineral-based water purifying agent for deep treatment of coking wastewater |
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