CN101015266A - Cyclamen persicum cultivation medium prepared with peanut shell - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a cyclamen cultivation substrate prepared from peanut shells. The cultivation substrate is prepared by mixing peanut shells and sawdust according to the volume ratio of 3-6:4-7 after fermentation respectively. The composite matrix of the present invention can improve the physical and chemical properties of the matrix, reduce adverse reactions of a single matrix, promote the growth of cyclamen, reduce the amount of peat used, and reduce production costs on the premise of ensuring the quality of potted cyclamen. The resource utilization of peanut shells has been realized, which has obvious social benefits, economic benefits and environmental ecological benefits.

Description

A cyclamen cultivation substrate prepared from peanut shells

technical field

The invention relates to a resource utilization technology of agricultural organic matter, in particular to a cyclamen cultivation substrate prepared from peanut shells.

Background technique

Cyclamen percicum Mill. is a perennial bulbous flower of the genus Cyclamen of Primulaceae, and it is mostly cultivated as an annual in potted flower production. It has various varieties, unique flower shapes, bright colors, and long flowering period. It is deeply loved by people and has become an enduring annual potted flower. It is one of the main potted flowers in winter and spring.

Peat is a complex hydrophilic polymeric system with multi-component, multi-fraction and semi-colloid properties transformed from marsh plant remains. It has high organic matter and humic acid content, rich fiber content, loose and porous, good air and water permeability, large specific surface area, strong adsorption and chelation ability, strong ion exchange ability and salt balance control ability, and high biological activity and Physiological stimulation. Therefore, peat has become the most ideal organic substrate for soilless cultivation and is widely used in protected gardening.

In the commercial soilless cultivation of cyclamen, peat substrate is used as the main component, and other substrates such as perlite and vermiculite are mixed at the same time to improve the influence of a single substrate on the physical and chemical properties of plants.

But the formation of peat is extremely slow and takes several geological ages. At the same time, peatland is a special type of wetland, which breeds a large number of organisms. Since the last century, due to the large demand for peat resources in agriculture and industry, it has led to the shortage of peat resources and destroyed a large number of peat wetlands. .

Extensive development and use of peat has resulted in the destruction of the ecosystem and serious pressure on the environment and resources. Choosing an economical and practical organic substitute substrate to replace peat has become an important issue to be solved urgently in the flower industry.

Peanut is an important crop in my country, and a large amount of peanut shells can be produced every year. A large amount of peanut shells are wasted without treatment in rural areas every year. The development and use of peanut shell resources can not only solve the shortage of cultivation substrates in the process of soilless cultivation, relieve the pressure on the ecological environment caused by the development and use of peat, but also pass the impact on agriculture. The in-depth development of organic waste resources can increase the output value per unit area of land and increase farmers' income.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a cyclamen compound cultivation substrate prepared by using agricultural waste peanut shells.

In the invention, the peanut shells and sawdust are respectively fermented and decomposed, and mixed in proportion to form a composite matrix formula. The present invention analyzes its physical and chemical properties in detail, extensively analyzes the physiological and morphological indicators of the cyclamen through a large number of cultivation tests, and uses the method of fuzzy mathematics to screen a suitable formula from a large number of mixed matrix formulas.

The suitable formula obtained by the present invention is prepared by mixing fermented peanut shells and fermented sawdust according to the volume ratio of 3-6:4-7. The method for fermenting and decomposing peanut shells and wood chips in the present invention is to add an appropriate amount of urea to increase the N source before fermentation, and add a small amount of gypsum powder to adjust the pH (about pH 6.5), and control the moisture content at 60%-65% Left and right, stir well and cover with plastic film to pile up. During the fermentation process, the temperature in the substrate pile can reach 60-65°C, and even as high as 70°C at noon in summer. The fully fermented sawdust is yellowish brown, and the peanut shell powder is light grayish yellow. After 5-7 days of fermentation, spread out the pile to cool down, and completely remove the toxic gas. High-temperature disinfection before use, and spray 15%-20% formalin solution to sterilize. Adjust physical and chemical properties for later use.

The results of the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the peanut shell show that the bulk density of the peanut shell after fermentation is 0.28g/cm ³ , the specific gravity is 1.23g/cm3, the total porosity is 71.3%, the water-holding porosity is 60.1%, and the ventilation porosity is 11.2%. , the saturated water content is 217.8%, and the physical properties are similar to peat. The contents of mineral elements in peanut shell powder are: N 1.05%, P 0.24%, K0.06%, Ca 0.62%, Mg 0.43%, Cu 16.89mg/kg, Zn 301.5mg/kg, Fe139.63mg/kg, Mn 211.77 mg/kg. The mineral elements contained in the peanut shell used as a cultivation substrate will slowly release nutrients during use for crops to absorb. At the same time, the peanut shell has a strong buffer and can resist the drastic changes in the pH or salinity of the nutrient solution. s damage. Peanut shell resources are abundant in various places, which can provide a large amount of composite matrix raw materials, reduce the dependence on peat matrix, and ease the pressure of peat mining and the resulting environmental pressure.

However, as a kind of agricultural organic waste, peanut shells have a high C-N ratio (91.5), and direct use will hinder plant growth, so fermentation treatment is an indispensable link. Even the peanut shells that have been pre-fermented have limitations in their physical and chemical properties, and are not suitable for use as a cultivation substrate alone. It needs to be properly blended with other organic materials and adjusted for pH and EC values.

Peanut shells and sawdust are formulated into a composite substrate, which can improve the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, reduce the adverse reactions of a single substrate, promote the growth of cyclamen, reduce the amount of peat used, and reduce the consumption of potted cyclamen on the premise of ensuring the quality of potted cyclamen. The production cost realizes the resource utilization of peanut shells, and has obvious social benefits, economic benefits and environmental ecological benefits.

Compared with the traditional formula for commercial cultivation of cyclamen at present, the compound matrix formula screened by the invention can meet the growth requirements of cyclamen with physical and chemical properties, and the plant grows uniformly, with plump plant shape, bright leaf color, large and many flowers, and less pests and diseases , the overall character is excellent, the comprehensive evaluation index of the plant morphology index is high, the product quality is good, and the yield is high. Due to the wide source of peanut shell resources and the ease of processing and obtaining materials, a foundation has been laid for popularization and application of the present invention. Peanut shells are formulated as a composite matrix for the production of cyclamen, which relieves the pressure of peat use to a large extent, and at the same time effectively utilizes peanut shell resources, reduces production costs, and improves economic and environmental benefits.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention. It should be understood that the examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Fermentation treatment of peanut shells: The C-N ratio of peanut shells is as high as 85.7, which seriously restricts the activity of microorganisms in the fermentation process. Therefore, 2.4Kg of urea is added to each cubic meter of peanut shell powder before fermentation to increase the N source, 2Kg of gypsum powder, and the pH is adjusted to about 6.5. When fermenting, the moisture content is controlled at about 60%, and the plastic film is put on the cover after fully stirring. During the fermentation process, the temperature in the substrate heap can reach 60-65°C, even as high as 70°C in summer. After 5-7 days of fermentation, spread out the pile to cool down, and completely remove the toxic gas. The fully fermented peanut shell powder is light grayish yellow, and it should be sterilized by high temperature before use, and sterilized by spraying 15%-20% formalin solution. Adjust physical and chemical properties for later use.

Sawdust fermentation treatment: The C-N ratio of sawdust is as high as 130.6, which seriously restricts the activity of microorganisms in the fermentation process. Therefore, before fermentation, 2.5Kg of urea is added to each cubic meter of sawdust to increase the N source, and a small amount of gypsum powder is added to adjust the acidity and alkalinity (pH6.5 or so ). When fermenting, the moisture content is controlled at about 60%, and the plastic film is put on the cover after fully stirring. During the fermentation process, the temperature in the substrate heap can reach 60-65°C, even as high as 70°C in summer. After 5-7 days of fermentation, spread out the pile to cool down, and completely remove the toxic gas. Fully fermented sawdust is yellowish brown, and sprayed with 15%-20% formalin solution to sterilize and adjust the physical and chemical properties for later use.

Preparation of cultivation medium (both peanut shells and sawdust are fermented and prepared according to volume ratio):

Preparation 1: peanut shells: sawdust = 5:5

Preparation 2: peanut shells: sawdust = 3:7

Preparation 3: peanut shells: sawdust = 6:4

Application of embodiment 2 composite matrix in cyclamen cultivation

With the substrate of the formula of embodiment 1, be used for the cultivation of cyclamen, use peat substrate (peat: perlite=3: 1) as contrast (CK) under the same conditions cultivation (cultivation under greenhouse conditions, this greenhouse has fully automatic Temperature control and ventilation facilities can ensure a relatively stable and suitable growth environment for the test materials during the test period). The results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1 The comprehensive evaluation index of plant morphological indicators of cyclamen cultivated in composite substrate

matrix code crown width(cm) Plant height (cm) Flower quantity (flowers/plant) number of blades Biomass Chlorophyll Blade SPAD Comprehensive Evaluation Index Substrate Cost Savings Percentage Recipe 1 Recipe 2 29.226.4 10.815.6 1111 17.613.6 92.889.55 1.2650.85 50.86743.567 0.720.57 59.3% 47.3%

Recipe 3CK 36.425.8 13.49.8 1012 22.816.9 96.284.9 1.2690.795 46.541.067 0.60.36 45.2% -

It can be seen from Table 1 that the comprehensive evaluation index of cyclamen morphological indicators is higher than that of the traditional peat matrix formula, and the cost of the matrix is greatly reduced.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of Culture Substrate of Cyclamen is characterized in that, this cultivation matrix obtains by the following method: peanut shell and wood chip are carried out respectively after fermentation maturity handles, and according to volume ratio 3～6: 4～7 are mixed and made into.

2, cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the method for preparing of this matrix is: peanut shell and wood chip are carried out respectively being mixed and made at 5: 5 according to volume ratio after fermentation maturity handles.

3, cultivation matrix as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described method of handling of becoming thoroughly decomposed is: every cubic metre of peanut hull meal adds urea 2.3Kg, land plaster 2Kg before the fermentation, adjust pH6.5, moisture is controlled at 60% during fermentation, and it is rotten fully to stir bonnet plastic film heap, ferment and after 5-7 days windrow is spread out cooling, and thoroughly eliminate toxic gas, high-temperature sterilization before using, and the formalin solution sterilization of spraying 15%-20%.