CN101008604A - On-line testing method for aerosol particles concentration and size and testing device thereof - Google Patents
On-line testing method for aerosol particles concentration and size and testing device thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种气溶胶微粒浓度和粒度的在线检测方法及检测仪器，能同时实现浓度和粒度的测试，它采用三个光电探测器，分别对激光器发出的原始光信号、经角隅棱镜反射回的被微粒吸收后的信号及在一小立体角内的体散射光信号进行探测，并根据Lambert－Beer定律和Mie散射理论，通过计算实现了气溶胶微粒浓度和粒度的同时检测。本发明的检测方法理论可靠，方法可行，检测仪器结构简单，操作使用容易，并可以安装在高温高压烟囱上检测。
The invention relates to an on-line detection method and detection instrument for the concentration and particle size of aerosol particles, which can realize the test of concentration and particle size at the same time. It uses three photodetectors to respectively reflect the original light signal sent by the laser through a corner cube mirror The signal absorbed by the particles and the scattered light signal within a small solid angle are detected, and according to the Lambert-Beer law and Mie scattering theory, the simultaneous detection of the concentration and particle size of aerosol particles is realized through calculation. The detection method of the invention is reliable in theory, feasible in method, simple in structure, easy to operate and use, and can be installed on a high-temperature and high-pressure chimney for detection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical instrument field, relate to and a kind of aerosol particles in the flue dust is carried out on-line detection method, this detection method can detect the concentration and the granularity of aerosol particles in the flue dust simultaneously.The invention still further relates to a kind of detecting instrument that is used for this online test method.
Background technology
Air pollution can be divided into gas pollutant and gasoloid shape pollutant two big classes.Aerosol particles is meant and is suspended in atmosphere or airborne diameter solid or the liquid particle from 1 micron to up to a hundred microns of less thaies, generally is the result that nature produces (as volcanic explosion and sandstorm) or human activity.Aerosol particles in the flue dust is the main source of air pollutants, and the concentration of aerosol particles and granularity in the on-line monitoring flue dust are to the control disposal of pollutants, significant for discharging enterprise's supervision emission behaviour and environmental administration's examination of law enforcement.
From disclosed patent analyses in recent years, at present both at home and abroad aerosol particles concentration adopts in the follow-on test flue dust mostly is optical means greatly, utilize particulate to the effect of various light (visible light, infrared light, laser etc.) (stop, absorption, diffuse reflection etc.), by measuring the information that aerosol concentration is obtained in variation behind the light pre-irradiation.As in 97119085,99103172,01136683,01254195,02804173 etc., the patent of American and Britain state application all adopted above-mentioned detection method.
The U.S. is based on the optical diffraction principle, study and produced the light scattering instrument that is used for the detected gas particle concentration---online concentration monitor, introduce use at late nineteen eighties by the large-scale oil refining enterprise of several families of China, but result of use is undesirable, the producer that has even the measurement result of this instrument doubted that each factory has stopped using this instrument basically now.Germany Sick company and Rock company also released the on-line monitoring instrument that is used to monitor flue discharging dust concentration in recent years, but this appliance requires demarcates one by one to each monitoring target, and testing process is loaded down with trivial details; Simultaneously, because this instrument is to design at the flue under the normal temperature and pressure, is difficult to be transplanted to and carries out particulate matter monitoring under the High Temperature High Pressure occasion; And this apparatus structure complexity, cost an arm and a leg.Given this, (Continuous Emissions Monitoring detects in continuous blow-down in EPRI-Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), CEM) will restart research to " particle mass discharging and on-line continuous are measured " project in 2006 investment plannings, illustrate that this technology remains in significantly deficiency and defective, press for and further develop and perfect.At home, part colleges and universities of Shanghai and Nanjing and relevant environmental administration and enterprise be also in the research work of carrying out particle test, its K-theoretic operation K and complex structure, and progress is slow, does not also have corresponding instrument product at present.The concentration detector device of Taiyuan, Shanxi one new high-tech enterprise exploitation dilutes after particulate in the chimney need being drawn out to a special pipeline, though principle is simple, and the equipment complexity, difficulty of construction is big, and input is higher.
And the common defects of above various monitoring instruments is the variations that only can provide particle concentration, can not detect the change of granularity of aerosol particles simultaneously.
Consider the difference of aerosol particles, also need measure the size-grade distribution situation of aerosol particles sometimes the human health damage degree.Diameter of particle be distributed with two kinds of expression modes, the one, the number of different-grain diameter distributes, the one, the weight concentration of different-grain diameter distributes.The former available light diffuse transmission type corpuscular counter is measured, and the latter can capture the particulate of different-grain diameter scope with catch sampling thief classification that principle makes according to bump, measures CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION with weight method again.In general, these checkout equipments cost an arm and a leg, the testing process complexity, and sense cycle is long.
Therefore, though numerous about the detection method of smokeshade, numerous methods all are that the concentration of particulate and granularity are detected respectively, do not have once to detect simultaneously the method and the detecting instrument of aerosol particles concentration and granularity.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind of aerosol particles in the flue dust is carried out on-line detection method, detection method of the present invention can detect concentration and the granularity in the aerosol particles simultaneously.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of detecting instrument that is used for above-mentioned detection method, this detecting instrument is simple in structure, easy to use, is particularly suitable for the online detection at High Temperature High Pressure scene.
The online test method of aerosol particles concentration and granularity may further comprise the steps in the flue dust of the present invention:
1). fix the ring flange that an inside is equipped with laser instrument, photodetector, spectroscope and spherical reflector in a side of chimney, the opposite side of chimney is fixed the ring flange that an inside is equipped with corner cube, and two ring flanges are on the same linear position;
2). the light beam that is sent by laser instrument is divided into transmitted light and reflected light through the spectroscope beam split;
3). transmitted light is directly received by photodetector D1;
4). reflected light is by flue, and is former in returning from flue by the corner cube reflection back on opposite;
5). the light of θ in the return projector=0 ° is received by photodetector D2;
6). the scattered beam of θ in the return projector≤5 ° is received by photodetector D3 after spherical reflector converges;
7). the light signal that photodetector D1, D2, D3 receive is converted to electric signal through the A-D converter, in the input computing machine, calculates online particle concentration and granularity data output according to pre-nominal data.
The present invention adopts modulated laser as light source, and purpose is a lock-in amplifier easy to use, improves the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of signal, to be applicable to the gasoloid of low concentration.Spectroscope adopts beam splitting in 1: 9, the transmitted light light intensity after the beam split: reflected light light intensity=1: 9.Transmitted light is received by photodetector D1, write down original light intensity, reflected light is former after reflection by corner cube, and ° direction is received by photodetector D2 in θ=0, forward scattering light converges through the reflection of spherical reflector in the spatial dimension of θ≤5 °, and D3 receives by photodetector.
Principle of work of the present invention is as follows: laser beam is transmitted light and reflected light through the spectroscope beam splitting, wherein photodetector D1 receives transmitted light and writes down original light intensity, reflected light enters the discharging flue, in flue by smokeshade to all directions scattering and absorption, through the flue that turns back after the corner cube reflection that is arranged on the chimney other end, this moment, incident light was parallel with reflected light and a displacement arranged, pass through flue again, after the particulate absorption, through photodetector D2 in θ=0 ° reception, photodetector D3 receives in the reflected light by particulate in low-angle (θ≤5 °) scattering, through the scattered light intensity of spherical reflector after converging, actual is volume scattering light intensity in a little solid angle.
According to Lambert-Beer law (formula 1) and Mie scattering theory (formula 2), three light signals are changed through A-D, calculate in the input computing machine, instrument demarcated the calibration value that obtains, obtain the concentration and the granularity of particulate according to the gasoloid of the standard of employing particulate:
I＝I
0e
-NKal (1)
In the formula (1), I
0Be original light intensity, I is through spectroscope, corner cube reflection, the light intensity after absorbing by particulate, and N is a particle number concentration, and K is an extinction coefficient, and α is the sectional area of particulate in light beam, and l is the distance of light process.
In the formula (2), ρ λ is respectively the Media density and the optical wavelength of particulate, and W is mass concentration (can calculate mutually with the N in 1 formula), and α=π d/ λ is the scale parameter of particulate, i
1i
2Be respectively two strength functions of Mie scattering theory, implicit granular information in the function.
With instrument the standard particulate of different concentration known, granularity is measured, obtain calibration value, then aerosol particles in the flue dust is detected, determine earlier particle concentration, determine granularity according to scattered light intensity in the formula (2) and the ratio of original light intensity and the linear relationship of concentration again according to formula (1).
Among the present invention, the online detection of aerosol particles concentration and granularity is to implement on the height apart from 1～1.5 meter on ground on the chimney in the flue dust.
Aerosol particles concentration and granularity on-line measuring device comprise in the flue dust of the present invention:
A laser instrument (4) is used to send the detection light beam;
A spectroscope (3) is used for the detection light beam that laser instrument (4) sends is divided into transmitted light and reflected light;
A spherical reflector (1), the scattered light that is used for θ≤5 that flue (5) is returned ° compiles;
Three photodetectors (8), (9), (10), photodetector D1 (8) is used to receive transmitted light, photodetector D2 (9) is used for receiving the reflected light of θ=0 that flue (5) returns °, photodetector D3 (10) is used to receive the scattered light that spherical reflector (1) converges, and wherein photodetector D3 (10) is positioned on the convergent point of spherical reflector (1);
More than device is installed in the ring flange (2);
A corner cube (7) is fixed in another ring flange (6), is used for the reflected light by flue (5) former in reflection;
And,
Be fixed on ring flange (2) circuit external system (11) and connected computer system (12).
In the flue dust of the present invention in aerosol particles concentration and the granularity on-line measuring device, laser instrument (4) and photodetector (8), (9), (10) can three-dimensional regulation, spectroscope (3) can be regulated in the two dimension rotation, they are in spherical reflector (1) is installed in ring flange (2), corner cube (7) is installed in another ring flange (6), two ring flanges respectively be installed in flue on two flanges (in anti-high temperature insulating glass is arranged and purge wind apparatus) dock.
Each several part power supply and light detecting signal receive, treatment circuit is all unified is integrated in the Circuits System (11), they with laser instrument (4), photodetector (8), (9), (10) between employing shielded multiconductor cable line be connected with connector, convenient and reliable.
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that aerosol particles concentration and granularity Detection technology exist in the present flue dust, a kind of brand-new aerosol particles detection method and detecting instrument have been developed, scattered light intensity in detecting according to particle size and the ratio of original light intensity is with the linear theory of particle concentration, detection when having realized aerosol particles concentration, granularity first.
Particularly for the detection of granularity, the present invention in the laboratory respectively paper ash, plant ash and the coal ash to different particle sizes test, above medium is respectively 1.12 μ m, 2.26 μ m and 3.25 μ m through the particle mean size of Raman spectrometer test.Each medium of the quality that weighs with scale is added in the simulation chimney one by one, and through detecting instrument test of the present invention, the particle size of each medium is respectively 1.08 μ m, 2.15 μ m and 3.12 μ m, and error is less than 5%.
Model machine of the present invention is through being installed in certain online detection of large-scale petrochemical enterprise, and PRELIMINARY RESULTS shows that testing result reaches the test error requirement of enterprise, proves that theory of the present invention is reliable, and method is feasible.
Detecting instrument of the present invention is simple in structure, processing ease, and go for the detection at high temperature scene.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of aerosol particles concentration and granularity online test method in the flue dust of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of aerosol particles concentration and granularity on-line detector device in the flue dust of the present invention.
Embodiment
The structure of aerosol particles concentration and granularity on-line measuring device is made up of ring flange 2 and 6 as shown in Figure 2.Laser instrument 4, spectroscope 3, three photodetectors 8,9,10 and spherical reflectors 1 are installed in the inside of ring flange 2, and wherein laser instrument 4 and three photodetectors 8,9,10 can be regulated by the rotation of fixed bar two dimension by fixed bar three-dimensional regulation, spectroscope 3.Circuits System 11 is fixed on the outside of ring flange 2, and is connected with computer system 12.The shielded multiconductor cable of laser instrument 4, photodetector 8,9,10 connects lead-in wire (power lead, signal wire etc.) and neatly arranges along ring flange 2 walls, to avoid its influence to light path, connect and lead in the Circuits System 11, dock with each circuit, the output line of Circuits System 11 is received on the external computer system 12.A corner cube 7 is installed in the another one ring flange 6.
1～1.5 meter of height overhead on the soot emissions chimney, relative direction is dug the hole of two φ=200mm, and the flange that anti-high temperature insulating glass is arranged in two and purge wind apparatus is installed respectively.With ring flange 2 with 6 respectively with chimney on the flange butt joint of identical size, laser instrument, spectroscope and photodetector fine setting are locked to suitable light path position.
As shown in Figure 1, the detection light beam that laser instrument 4 produces is transmitted light and reflected light through spectroscope 3 according to beam splitting in 1: 9, and transmitted light directly receives and write down original light intensity by photodetector D1; Reflected light enters discharging flue 5, in flue by smokeshade to all directions scattering and absorption, through the flue that turns back after corner cube 7 reflections that are arranged on the chimney other end, this moment, incident light was parallel with reflected light and a displacement arranged, pass through flue 5 again, after being absorbed by particulate, by photodetector D2 in θ=0 ° reception; , after converging through spherical reflector 1, the reflected light of low-angle (θ≤5 °) scattering received by particulate by photodetector D3.
The light signal of three photodetector receptions is transferred to Circuits System 11 by connecting lead-in wire, be converted to electric signal through the A-D converter, input computer system 12, according to Lambert-Beer law and Mie scattering theory, according to the standard of employing particulate gasoloid instrument is demarcated the calibration value that obtains and calculate the concentration and the size value of aerosol particles in the online acquisition flue dust.
Claims (8)
1, the online test method of aerosol particles concentration and granularity in a kind of flue dust may further comprise the steps:
1). fix the ring flange that an inside is equipped with laser instrument, photodetector, spectroscope and spherical reflector in a side of chimney, the opposite side of chimney is fixed the ring flange that an inside is equipped with corner cube, and two ring flanges are on the same linear position;
2). the light beam that is sent by laser instrument is divided into transmitted light and reflected light through the spectroscope beam split;
3). transmitted light is directly received by photodetector D1;
4). reflected light is by flue, and is former in returning from flue by the corner cube reflection back on opposite;
5). the light of θ in the return projector=0 ° is received by photodetector D2;
6). the scattered beam of θ in the return projector≤5 ° is received by photodetector D3 after spherical reflector converges;
7). the light signal that photodetector D1, D2, D3 receive is converted to electric signal through the A-D converter, in the input computing machine, calculates online particle concentration and granularity data output according to pre-nominal data.
2, the online test method of aerosol particles concentration and granularity in the flue dust according to claim 1 is characterized in that the transmitted light light intensity after the spectroscope beam split: reflected light light intensity=1: 9.
3, the online test method of aerosol particles concentration and granularity in the flue dust according to claim 1 is characterized in that the height place apart from 1～1.5 meter on ground carries out online detection on chimney.
4, a kind of pick-up unit that is used to realize claim 1 online test method comprises:
A laser instrument (4) is used to send the detection light beam;
A spectroscope (3) is used for the detection light beam that laser instrument (4) sends is divided into transmitted light and reflected light;
A spherical reflector (1), the scattered light that is used for θ≤5 that flue (5) is returned ° compiles;
Three photodetectors (8), (9), (10), photodetector D1 (8) is used to receive transmitted light, photodetector D2 (9) is used for receiving the reflected light of θ=0 that flue (5) returns °, photodetector D3 (10) is used to receive the scattered light that spherical reflector (1) converges, and wherein photodetector D3 (10) is positioned on the convergent point of spherical reflector (1);
More than device is installed in the ring flange (2);
A corner cube (7) is fixed in another ring flange (6), is used for the reflected light by flue (5) former in reflection;
And,
Be fixed on ring flange (2) circuit external system (11) and connected computer system (12).
5, the pick-up unit of online test method according to claim 4 is characterized in that being fixed on laser instrument (4) in the ring flange (2) and photodetector (8), (9), (10) can three-dimensional regulation.
6, the pick-up unit of online test method according to claim 4, the spectroscope (3) that it is characterized in that being fixed in the ring flange (2) can be regulated in the two dimension rotation.
7, the pick-up unit of online test method according to claim 4 is characterized in that being connected between laser instrument (4), photodetector (8), (9), (10) and the Circuits System (11) adopting the shielded multiconductor cable line to be connected with connector.
8, the pick-up unit of online test method according to claim 4 is characterized in that described Circuits System (11) comprises power supply, light detecting signal reception, treatment circuit, counting circuit and output unit.
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