CN1010028B

CN1010028B - Gas reactor for lignites

Info

Publication number: CN1010028B
Application number: CN 86103455
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赫曼纽斯·马里·亨里库斯·万·维奇姆; 查利斯·维克托·斯特林格
Original assignee: Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Current assignee: Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date: 1985-05-29
Filing date: 1986-05-21
Publication date: 1990-10-17
Also published as: TR23780A; AU577698B2; GR861407B; CN86103455A; DE3617773C2; AU5794686A; ES555345A0; ES8707283A1; DE3617773A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a process and reactor for converting coal of high moisture content and ash content to synthesis gas. The gasification reactor is provided with a plurality of burner openings which are arranged in the reactor at two levels. The burners at the lower level point downwards and are operated at a high oxygen/carbon ratio, in order to keep the slag orifice clear. The burners at the higher level are operated at a low oxygen/carbon ratio, in order to maintain the correct oxygen/carbon ratio for effective overall conversion and low gas outlet temperatures.

Description

Gas reactor for lignites

The present invention relates to produce the gasifier of synthetic gas with coal.In particular for the coal of high moisture content and ash-rich such as brown coal, Texas brown coal and the gasifier that designs is relevant.The gasifier of being produced synthetic gas by coal is well known, and adopts for many years.Yet, still there are some problems for the coal of high moisture content and ash-rich.High moisture content and ash-rich cause generating slag in a large number and service temperature are reduced.Thereby just exist the possibility that slag stops up the gasifier slag notch.Certainly the obstruction of slag notch will force gasifier to stop, so that clean out cinder notch.Though someone once did many trials, try hard to design the equipment for gasification that can address the above problem, the result is also not always satisfactory.

For example there is a kind of system to adopt moving member, periodically upwards after removing cinder notch, returns again to keep it unimpeded.Though this scheme can address the above problem because of adopting more mechanical component, thereby increased out of order possibility.

Thereby thereby the present invention's purpose is to provide a kind of can control the coal/burning of oxygen mixture in gasifier to eliminate slagging scorification and the method and the gasifier that stop up slag notch with comparalive ease.

The invention provides a kind of method that in gasifier, the coal of high moisture content ash-rich is gasified for this reason, it is characterized in that adopting following measures:

The charging of coal and oxygen is to realize by a series of burners that are on the gasifier on two different heights;

Oxygen/the carbon ratios of one deck burner is to realize hyperoxia/carbon ratio under the control; And

Oxygen/the carbon ratios of control last layer burner is to realize hypoxemia/carbon ratio, and the comprehensive oxygen/carbon ratios of two-layer burner can guarantee high total conversion rate and low temperature out thereby make up and down.

The present invention also is provided as the gasifier that the coal of high moisture content and ash-rich gasifies, and its characteristics are:

The air outlet is at the top, and slag notch is at the vertical gasifier of bottom;

Many burner perforates are arranged on this gasifier, and be arranged on two different height;

Have many burners to be installed on above-mentioned mouth tapping, a burner is installed in each perforate, and descend one deck burner at least be downward and be direction incendiary towards slag notch;

Gasifier of the present invention is made of the round shape gasification vessel of along the circumferential direction offering many burner perforates.Specifically, burner is divided into two groups, and one group is arranged in than another group on the low level attitude.It is downward being positioned at the locational one group of burner direction of lower level, makes coal/oxygen mixture burn towards the direction of slag notch.And this one deck burner is incendiary under higher oxygen/carbon ratios, thereby the bottom of gasifier remains on the higher temperature, and is more much higher than the temperature of solidification of slag.Upper strata burner combustion direction be level or make progress, thereby and have lower oxygen/carbon ratio and make that total oxygen/carbon ratio maintains optimum value in the gasifier, institute's carbon containing is converted into the efficient of synthetic gas and can remains on the lesser temps that is enough to prevent synthetic gas fouling in process of cooling in the coal to improve.Though the burner number of aperture can be selected arbitrarily, but the burner perforate of employing as much is favourable in up and down two-layer.Burner can be arranged on any height of gasifier, but at one preferably in the embodiment, they are to be positioned at by the gasifier bottom to count on the position of an about diameter.This position can be so that reach minimum by the burgy or the unconverted carbon amount of gasifier relief outlet discharging, and because the distance between burner and the slag notch is less, but can keep higher temperature to be in flow state to guarantee slag.

Except above characteristics, the present invention also adopts a kind of diameter can adapt to the different and slag notch that enlarged or dwindle of ash content in the coal.The increase and decrease of slag notch diameter is to realize by increasing or remove the cooling water coil that is coiled in slag notch.

Now referring to the longitudinal sectional drawing of the appended gasifier of making by the present invention to the detailed description of the invention.

Expression one upright drum type brake gasifier 10 has in one deck refractory lining 12 on the figure on the interior thin-walled 11 of gasifier 10.Its pressure casing 13 encases interior thin-walled and the following burner perforate that will describe.The gasifier housing is that particularly temperature and pressure designs according to selected gasification operation condition.The various project organizations of gasifier housing are existing many, will not describe at this.The outlet 20 of gasifier is connected at its top and with quenching section (not expression on the figure), and the quenching section is cooled off the synthetic gas that is produced.Slag notch 21 is positioned at the bottom of gasifier and is connected with removal system (representing on the figure) with the cooling of suitable slag.This gasifier has four burner perforates, only draws three on the figure.More particularly, burner perforate 22 and 23 is just in time opposed and be positioned on the lower horizontal plane along diameter, and burner perforate 24 and opposed with it another burner perforate (expression on the figure) are positioned on the higher horizontal plane.All be provided with a series of water-cooled tubes 25 in all burner perforates, wherein pass to water coolant, so as to the wall of cooling burner tapping.

Slag notch 21 is made up of many concentric endless tubes 26.All endless tubes 26 are all connected with water coolant house steward (not drawing on the figure) and are supplied water by house steward.These endless tubes can be individually by pulling down on the house steward so that strengthen the diameter of slag notch.Shown cinder notch has less diameter on the figure, and the following a few loop of dismantling can enlarge its diameter, and arrow A is represented to the slag trap deslagging.

Suitable burner 30,31 and 34 is installed in the burner perforate.Burner 30 and 31 being directed downwards along axis 32 and 33.The burner 30 and the 31 downward incendiary angles of depression can change in a big way, can reach to become 0 to 15 degree angle with horizontal plane in example of the present invention preferably.Burner 34 and relative burner (not drawing on the figure) thereof are positioned on the higher horizontal plane and generally are along the horizontal direction incendiary, but sometimes also can with sea line at angle, downward or upward.Come what may, upper strata burner and horizontal angle are little, for example positive and negative 5 degree.There is multiple burner can supply to adopt, for example the various burners described in the US Patent specification 4350103.Used various burner all designs by infeed fine coal/oxygen mix material to gasifier.

Lower floor's burner 30 and 31 is that upper strata burner 34 is to carry out incendiary under the condition in hypoxemia/carbon ratio carrying out incendiary under the condition of hyperoxia/carbon ratio.Total oxygen/carbon ratio of burner is controlled to reach the effective conversion of coal to synthetic gas.Specifically, the upper strata burner then was controlled between 0.85 to 1.05 between the oxygen of lower floor's burner/carbon mass ratio should be controlled at 1.0 to 1.2.The lower floor burner adopts higher oxygen/carbon ratio to make that the burning of carbon of gasifier bottom is more complete thereby have higher temperature, to guarantee that slag is in molten state and also can emits from slag notch.Gasifier bottom ratio of combustion is more complete, simultaneously hypoxemia/the carbon ratio of upper strata burner also guaranteed carbon to the final transformation efficiency of synthetic gas near optimum value.

Though gasifier described above has four burners, the burner quantity that gasifier adopts is not limited to four, can be other number.Though in some cases can every layer only with a burner, every layer is more favourable with two burners at least.Also can every layer there be more burner and the two-layer burner quantity can be different.

Gasifier described above is a drum type brake, and the burner mouth just on tube, obviously also can adopt the gasifier of other pattern.

Those skilled in the art are from above explanation and accompanying drawing various remodeling of the present invention as can be seen just.Appended claims is specially all included various remodeling of the present invention.

Claims

1, the method that in gasifier, high moisture content high-ash coal is gasified, comprising following steps:

The charging of coal and oxygen is to realize by a series of burners that are on the gasifier on two different height,

Oxygen/the carbon ratios of control lower floor burner with realize hyperoxia/carbon this, simultaneously,

Oxygen/the carbon ratios of control upper strata burner is characterized in that to realize hypoxemia/carbon ratio, be installed in lower floor the downward incendiary oxygen of burner/carbonaceous amount ratio is 1.0 to 1.2, and the oxygen/carbonaceous amount ratio that is installed in the burner combustion on upper strata is 0.85 to 1.05.

According to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that 2, following one deck burner burns and upper strata burner horizontal firing downwards.

According to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that 3, two-layer up and down burner burns up or down.

4, implement each described gasifier that carries out high moisture content high-ash coal gasification process among the claim 1-3, comprising:

The air outlet is at the top, and slag notch is at the vertical gasifier of bottom,

Many burner perforates are arranged on this gasifier, and are arranged on two different height,

Have many burners to be installed on above-mentioned burner tapping, a burner is installed in each perforate.It is characterized in that the burner that is installed in down one deck burner tapping burns downwards, its burning direction becomes 0 to 15 degree angle with sea line, and the burning direction and the sea line that are installed in the burner of last layer burner tapping are spent within the angles positive and negative 5.

5, according to the gasifier of claim 4, its characteristics be two-layer burner number of aperture as many.