CN100583030C - RISC processor and its data access method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种RISC处理器及其数据访存方法。该处理器包括指令模块，物理寄存器堆，译码器，执行单元和存储器；指令模块包括访存扩展指令模块，所述扩展指令模块包括对多倍数据宽度进行访存指令；所述译码器包括判断模块，用于判断输入到译码器的类型；多倍存储译码模块，用于在输入的指令是访存扩展指令中的存储操作指令时，将源寄存器由一个扩展成多个相邻的寄存器，然后输出到执行单元执行；多倍读取译码模块，用于在输入的指令是访存扩展指令中的读取操作指令时，将该读取操作指令译码为多条内部操作指令，将目标寄存器由一个扩展成多个相邻的寄存器，然后分配到所述多条内部操作中，输出到执行单元执行。
The invention discloses a RISC processor and a data access method thereof. The processor includes an instruction module, a physical register file, a decoder, an execution unit and a memory; the instruction module includes an extended instruction module for memory access, and the extended instruction module includes instructions for accessing memory with multiple data widths; the decoder It includes a judging module for judging the type of input to the decoder; a multi-storage decoding module for expanding the source register from one to multiple phases when the input instruction is a storage operation instruction in the memory access extension instruction. The adjacent registers are then output to the execution unit for execution; the multiple read decoding module is used to decode the read operation instruction into multiple internal The operation instruction expands the target register from one to multiple adjacent registers, and then distributes them to the multiple internal operations and outputs them to the execution unit for execution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer realm, particularly relate to processor architecture and MIPS instruction field, more specifically, relate to a kind of MIPS instruction set risc processor and data access method thereof.
Background technology
Complex instruction set computer (CISC) (Complex Instruction Set Computing, CISC) and reduced instruction set computer (Reduced Instruction Set Computing RISC) is two kinds of frameworks of current processor (CPU).The processor of different frameworks can only be carried out the instruction set of oneself, can only carry out the instruction set (a kind of cisc instruction set) of 80X86 as the machine of Intel, can not carry out the instruction set of RISC; And the calculating of RISC framework can not be carried out the instruction set of 80X86.And because the difference of this hardware architecture, operating system and various application software can only be carried out on the computing machine of certain architectures usually, can not make full use of the existing application software widely of X 86 processor series machine as risc processor.
In order to overcome above-mentioned defective, use limited computer software and hardware resource more fully, virtual machine technique has appearred.
Virtual machine is a virtual middle layer that is in computer software and the hardware, and being used for provides a needed virtual software/hardware platform to the Application Software Program or the operating system on upper strata.The Application Software Program on upper strata or operating system are by virtual middle layer, here, and (VirtualMachine Monitor VMM) comes to communicate with hardware, decides its visit to all virtual hardware equipment in the system by VMM as virtual machine monitor.
In design of virtual machine, the general-purpose register of X 86 processor is mapped to the register of fixing MIPS processor, but when the two kinds of contexts of MIPS code after the MIPS of virtual machine code and translation switch, need to preserve or recover the value of these fixing MIPS registers, guaranteeing that these registers can use freely in two kinds of contexts, and do not interfere with each other.The cost of this method is that each switching all needs the access instruction about at least 20, should preserve old contextual value, takes out new contextual value again, if source platform is X86-64, then needs the expense near 40 access instruction.
Certainly limit the register that the dummy machine system context does not use mapped MIPS processor, when switching, context just do not need these registers of saving/restoring like that, but compiler can't be finished this restriction in the prior art, even do so simultaneously, the contextual register pressure of dummy machine system increases, can only use less than 20 registers, performance will descend greatly.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of risc processor and data access method thereof, and it accelerates the virtual machine context switching, improves computing power.
A kind of risc processor for realizing that the object of the invention provides comprises instruction module, physical register heap, code translator, performance element and storer;
Described instruction module comprises memory access extended instruction module, and described extended instruction module comprises carries out access instruction to many haplotype datas width;
Described code translator comprises judge module, and many times of storages decoding module and many times read decoding module, wherein:
Described judge module is used to judge the instruction type that is input to code translator;
Described many times of storage decoding modules are used for when the instruction of input is many times of memory access extension storage instructions source-register being extended to a plurality of adjacent registers by one, output to performance element then and carry out;
Described many times are read decoding module, be used for when the instruction of input is the reading command of many times of memory access expansions, this reading command is decoded as many internal manipulation instructions, destination register is extended to a plurality of adjacent registers by one, be assigned to then in described many built-in functions, output to performance element and carry out.
Described performance element comprises merge cells, be used for many times read the reading command decoding of decoding module to many times of memory access expansion after, before performance element is carried out, a plurality of built-in functions are merged.
Described many haplotype datas width access instruction comprises reading internal memory, write memory and many haplotype datas width of flating point register read internal memory, write memory totally four many haplotype datas of class width memory access extended instructions many haplotype datas width.
The method of described merging is to be that the reading command decoding of many times of memory access expansion forms if find a plurality of operations of the adjacent emission formation that will enter performance element, then successor operation does not enter described emission formation, and its target physical register number is saved as the high-order target physical register number of first operation.
For realizing that the object of the invention also provides a kind of data access method of risc processor, comprises the following steps:
Steps A, processor are at first taken out an instruction and are input to code translator;
Step B, many haplotype datas width instructions is discerned and deciphered to code translator decision instruction type;
Step C sends to the performance element executable operations with the many haplotype datas width instructions after the decoding.
Described step B comprises the following steps:
If the instruction of input is the instruction in the existing instruction set, code translator just is translated into built-in function with it;
If the instruction of input is many times of memory access extension storage instructions, code translator is extended to a plurality of adjacent registers with source-register by one;
If input instruction is the reading command of many times of memory access expansions, code translator is extended to a plurality of adjacent registers with destination register by one, and read operation is assigned in a plurality of built-in functions, a plurality of adjacent registers are respectively the destination register of these a plurality of built-in functions.
Described step C comprises the following steps:
After the reading command decoding of code translator, before performance element is carried out, described a plurality of built-in functions are merged many times of memory access expansions.
If the method for described merging is that the reading command decoding that many times of memory access are expanded forms for a plurality of operations of finding the adjacent emission formation that will enter performance element, then successor operation does not enter described emission formation, and its target physical register number is saved as the high-order target physical register number of first operation.
Described many haplotype datas width access instruction comprises reading internal memory, write memory and many haplotype datas width of flating point register read internal memory, write memory totally four many haplotype datas of class width memory access extended instructions many haplotype datas width.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: risc processor of the present invention and data access method thereof, it provides data width is the memory access extended instruction of many times of legacy data width, accelerates also can improve when virtual machine context is switched the performance of computing machine.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a risc processor structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the coded format synoptic diagram of many haplotype datas of embodiment of the invention width extended instruction;
Fig. 3 is a risc processor data access method process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer,, a kind of risc processor of the present invention and data access method thereof are further elaborated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explanation the present invention, and be not used in qualification the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention is with the risc processor device of MIPS64 instruction set, with double data width access instruction is example, and to risc processor device of the present invention and data access method thereof and describe, still, what should indicate is that it is not the qualification to claim of the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of risc processor, as shown in Figure 1, comprise instruction module 1, physical register heap 2, code translator 3, performance element 4 and storer (internal memory) 5.
Described instruction module 1 comprises the instruction of MIPS instruction set;
Described physical register heap 2 comprises general-purpose register and flating point register.
Described instruction module 1 also comprises memory access extended instruction module 11, and described extended instruction module 11 comprises carries out access instruction to many haplotype datas width.Described many haplotype datas width access instruction comprises reading internal memory, write memory and many haplotype datas width of flating point register read internal memory, write memory totally four many haplotype datas of class width memory access extended instructions many haplotype datas width.
The input subclass that described memory access extended instruction is a code translator 3, code translator 3 receives the memory access extended instruction, and to this memory access extended instruction decoding.The output of decoding back code translator 3 is decoded as many built-in functions and a built-in function respectively according to reading with the different instruction of write memory.
Described code translator 3 comprises judge module 31, and many times of storages decoding module 32 and many times read decoding module 33, wherein,
Described judge module 31 is used to judge the instruction type that is input to code translator 3.
Described many times of storage decoding modules 32 are used for when the instruction of input is the storage operation instruction of memory access extended instruction source-register being extended to a plurality of adjacent registers by one, output to performance element then and carry out;
Described many times are read decoding module 33, be used for when the instruction of input is the read operation instruction of memory access extended instruction, with this read operation instruction decode is many internal manipulation instructions, destination register is extended to a plurality of adjacent registers by one, be assigned to then in described many built-in functions, output to performance element and carry out.
Described performance element 4 comprises merge cells 41, is used for reading decoding module to after reading internal memory operation decoding at many times, before performance element is carried out, a plurality of built-in functions is merged.
As a kind of embodiment, the present invention has proposed the memory access extended instruction of haplotype data width more than four altogether, what comprise double data width reads the instruction of internal memory, write memory, and the double data width of flating point register read internal memory, write memory instruction.
As a kind of embodiment, the coded format of many haplotype datas width extended instruction provided by the invention as shown in Figure 2, the LWC2 that keeps in the existing MIPS64 instruction set of its utilization and the value of SWC2 dead slot, wherein high 6 (31bit:26bit) of 32 bit instructions are the opcode territory.Wherein LWC2 (opcode is 110010) and SWC2 (opcode is 111010) instruction slots all are can defining by the user is autonomous of MIPS regulation.The addressing mode of its memory access is the addressing mode of base+8bits offset.
Wherein, 5 base domain representation plot, 5 rt (Register Target (Source/Destination)) domain representation source/destination register, offset represents offset address, last 6 func territory is used to distinguish each bar extended instruction.
Four extended instructions of the present invention are custom instructions of expanding to the user in the MIPS64 instruction set.
For number storage order SQ, the sq operation of an inside of code translator 3 outputs;
For load instruction LQ, two adjacent built-in function lq1 and lq2 of code translator 3 output, wherein lq1 has low 64 logic registers number of LQ instruction, and lq2 has high 64 logic registers number of LQ instruction.
Deliver to the emission formation (not shown) of performance element 4 after 3 pairs of instructions of code translator are deciphered, launch the therefrom ready operation of selection operation number of formation, be transmitted into the memory access parts (not shown) of performance element 4.
For totally 128 load instruction operations of four words that read internal memory, the merging module 41 of described performance element merges two built-in functions when entering the emission formation.The method that merges is to be that 128 load instructions decodings of four words form if find adjacent two operations that will enter formation, a then back operation does not enter the emission formation, and its target physical register number is deposited in high 64 target physical register number of last operation.
Peek operation after the merging has two target physical register number, and the memory access parts that can be transmitted into performance element when determining (corresponding source physical register is ready to) in the address are carried out.
The memory access parts are parts of carrying out access data, its from internal memory, take out data according to instruction or deposit data in internal memory.This process is existing standard technique, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, therefore, describes in detail no longer one by one in the embodiment of the invention.
Below to double data width read the instruction of internal memory, write memory, and to the double data width of flating point register read internal memory, write memory instruction altogether four instructions describe:
GsLQ rt, offset (base)/read four digital data to register
From internal memory, get four words and be deposited in the register, earlier with signed 8 offset and GPR[base] the content addition obtain effective address, from internal memory, take out 128 four words according to the effective address of this alignment again, be stored in 2 adjacent general-purpose registers.
If rt is an even number, then be stored among register rt and the rt+1; If rt is an odd number, then be stored among register rt-1 and the rt.
Effective address is alignd, if the wrong exception in address then takes place any non-zero in low 4 bit address.
GsLQC1 ft, offset (base)/read four digital data to flating point register
Earlier with signed 8 offset and GPR[base] the content addition obtain effective address, from internal memory, take out 128 four words according to the effective address of this alignment again, be stored in 2 adjacent flating point registers.
If ft is an even number, then be stored among register ft and the ft+1; If ft is an odd number, then be stored among register ft-1 and the ft.
Effective address is alignd, if the wrong exception in address then takes place any non-zero in low 4 bit address.
GsSQ rt, offset (base)/deposit four digital data to internal memory
Earlier with signed 8 offset and GPR[base] the content addition obtain effective address, then four words in adjacent 2 general-purpose registers are stored in the effective address in the internal memory.
If rt is an even number, the value of then taking out among register rt and the rt+1 is stored in internal memory; If rt is an odd number, the value of then taking out among register rt-1 and the rt is stored in internal memory.
Effective address is alignd, if the wrong exception in address then takes place any non-zero in low 4 bit address.
GsSQC1 ft, offset (base)/deposit four words to internal memory from flating point register
Earlier with signed 8 offset and GPR[base] the content addition obtain effective address, then four words in adjacent 2 flating point registers are stored in the effective address in the internal memory.If ft is an even number, the value of then taking out among register ft and the ft+1 is stored in internal memory; If ft is an odd number, the value of then taking out among register ft-1 and the ft is stored in internal memory.
Effective address must be alignd, if the wrong exception in address then takes place any non-zero in low 4 bit address.
A kind of data access method of risc processor also is provided according to the present invention, and this method comprises the following steps:
As shown in Figure 3, be the data access method process flow diagram of risc processor, it comprises the following steps:
Step S100, processor at first take out an instruction and are input to code translator 3;
Step S200, many haplotype datas width instructions is discerned and deciphered to code translator 3 decision instruction types;
If the instruction in the existing MIPS instruction set, code translator 3 just is translated into built-in function with it, such as providing corresponding OP, source-register and destination register etc.;
Many times of memory access extended instructions operation that if the instruction of input is the present invention to be proposed, code translator 3 with the source/or destination register become two paired registers by an automatic expansion;
If rt is an even number, then be stored among register rt and the rt+1; If rt is an odd number, then be stored among register rt-1 and the rt.
When if input instruction is the reading command of many haplotype datas width, code translator 3 becomes a plurality of adjacent registers with destination register by an automatic expansion, and read operation is assigned in a plurality of built-in functions, a plurality of paired registers are respectively the destination register of these a plurality of built-in functions.
When if input instruction is the storage instruction of many haplotype datas width, code translator is extended to a plurality of adjacent registers with source-register by one.
Processor at first takes out an instruction and is input to code translator, code translator decision instruction type, if the instruction in original MIPS instruction set, code translator just is translated into built-in function with it, for example provide corresponding operation (OP), source-register tool and destination register etc. output to the storage performance element and carry out; If the instruction of input is the storage operation in the memory access extended instruction that proposes of the present invention, code translator with the source/or destination register become two paired registers by an automatic expansion, output to the storage performance element then and carry out.
Processor at first takes out an instruction and is input to code translator 3, code translator 3 decision instruction types, and convert built-in function to.The coding of built-in function is more regular than instruction for the functional part of processor, helps simplifying internal logic.In the risc processor, outside usually instruction is to shine upon one by one to built-in function.The built-in function of code translator output is made up of several territories, as operational code (op), extended operation sign indicating number (fmt), source-register number, destination register number, several etc. immediately.
Step S300 sends to performance element 4 executable operations with the many haplotype datas width instructions after the decoding.
After the decoding of the 3 pairs of input instructions of code translator, send to performance element 4, in performance element 4, if the read operation instruction, 2 built-in function lq1 of read operation instruction LQ then, lq2 is merged into an operation, delivers to the memory access parts of performance element and carries out.
If the instruction of input is four words totally 128 the number storage order SQ in the memory access extended instruction that proposes of the present invention, code translator 3 number is extended to two paired register number by one with source-register.Be extended to 4,5 two register number such as No. 4 registers; No. 7 register is extended to 6,7 two.Number deliver to the emission formation of performance element as two source-registers of built-in function.
The read operation in the memory access extended instruction that if the instruction of input is the present invention to be proposed, code translator 3 is decoded as two built-in functions with this read operation, same is two paired registers with destination register by an automatic expansion, be assigned to then in above-mentioned two built-in functions, output to performance element 4 and carry out, then it is merged into an operation and delivers in the memory access parts of performance element and carry out.
That is to say that if the instruction of input is four words totally 128 the number storage order LQ in the memory access extended instruction that proposes of the present invention, code translator number is extended to two paired register number by one with destination register.And split into two adjacent built-in function lq1, lq2, be with this two destination registers number respectively, send into the emission formation of performance element 4.Performance element receives the built-in function from code translator, and selecting wherein, physical register ready those in source are transmitted into the memory access parts of performance element.The LQ instruction is transmitted into the memory access parts as an accessing operation, is therefore finished the merging of two built-in functions by the merging module of performance element.Method is that the target physical register of lq2 is deposited in high 64 target physical registers of lq1 operation, and lq2 itself does not enter the emission formation.The memory access parts are carried out accessing operation, for lq1, two codomains are arranged in the result, write the corresponding physical register respectively.
Risc processor of the present invention and data access method thereof, it provides data width is the memory access extended instruction of many times of legacy data width, accelerates also can improve when virtual machine context is switched the performance of computing machine.
In conjunction with the drawings to the description of the specific embodiment of the invention, others of the present invention and feature are conspicuous to those skilled in the art.
More than specific embodiments of the invention are described and illustrate it is exemplary that these embodiment should be considered to it, and be not used in and limit the invention, the present invention should make an explanation according to appended claim.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of risc processor comprises instruction module, the physical register heap, and code translator, performance element and storer is characterized in that:
Described instruction module comprises memory access extended instruction module, and described extended instruction comprises many haplotype datas width access instruction; Described data width is the data width of employed general-purpose register and flating point register in the finger processor;
Described code translator comprises judge module, and many times of storages decoding module and many times read decoding module, wherein:
Described judge module is used to judge the instruction type that is input to code translator;
Described many times of storage decoding modules are used for when the instruction of input is many times of memory access extension storage instructions source-register being extended to a plurality of adjacent registers by one, output to performance element then and carry out;
Described many times are read decoding module, be used for when the instruction of input is the reading command of many times of memory access expansions, this reading command is decoded as many internal manipulation instructions, destination register is extended to a plurality of adjacent registers by one, be assigned to then in described many internal manipulation instructions, output to performance element and carry out;
Described performance element comprises merge cells, be used for many times read the reading command decoding of decoding module to many times of memory access expansion after, before performance element is carried out, a plurality of built-in functions are merged.
2, risc processor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, many haplotype datas width access instruction comprise to many haplotype datas width of general-purpose register read internal memory, to the write memory of many haplotype datas width of general-purpose register, to many haplotype datas width of flating point register read internal memory and to the write memory of many haplotype datas width of flating point register totally four many haplotype datas of class width memory access extended instructions.
3, risc processor according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the method of described merging is to be that the reading command decoding of many times of memory access expansion forms if find a plurality of operations of the adjacent emission formation that will enter performance element, then successor operation does not enter described emission formation, and its target physical register number is deposited into the storage unit of the high-order target physical register number of first operation.
4, a kind of data access method of risc processor is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Steps A, processor are at first taken out an instruction and are input to code translator;
Step B, many haplotype datas width instructions is discerned and deciphered to code translator decision instruction type;
Step C sends to the performance element executable operations with the many haplotype datas width instructions after the decoding;
Described step B comprises the following steps:
If the instruction of input is the instruction in the existing MIPS instruction set, code translator just is translated into built-in function with it;
If the instruction of input is many times of memory access extension storage instructions, code translator is extended to a plurality of adjacent registers with source-register by one;
If input instruction is the reading command of many times of memory access expansions, code translator is extended to a plurality of adjacent registers with destination register by one, and read operation is assigned in a plurality of built-in functions, a plurality of adjacent registers are respectively the destination register of these a plurality of built-in functions;
Described step C comprises the following steps:
After the reading command decoding of code translator, before performance element is carried out, described a plurality of built-in functions are merged many times of memory access expansions.
5, the data access method of risc processor according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, if the method for described merging is that the reading command decoding that many times of memory access are expanded forms for a plurality of operations of finding the adjacent emission formation that will enter performance element, then successor operation does not enter described emission formation, and its target physical register number is deposited into the storage unit of the high-order target physical register number of first operation.
6, according to the data access method of each described risc processor of claim 4 to 5, it is characterized in that, many haplotype datas width access instruction comprise to many haplotype datas width of general-purpose register read internal memory, to the write memory of many haplotype datas width of general-purpose register, to many haplotype datas width of flating point register read internal memory and to the write memory of many haplotype datas width of flating point register totally four many haplotype datas of class width memory access extended instructions.
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| CN109298886A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2019-02-01 | 合肥君正科技有限公司 | SIMD instruction executes method, apparatus and processor |
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| CN1224871A (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 1999-08-04 | 国际商业机器公司 | Method and system for handling multiple store instruction completions in processing system |
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