CN100579589C - 有助营养吸收不良者的营养吸收的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种通过转移消化分泌液,例如胆汁或胰腺分泌液,有助于营养物吸收不良者的营养吸收的方法和装置。一管基本定位在小肠中。该管包括在设置时有效接收消化分泌液的近端,在设置时有效地使消化分泌液流入食道的远端,和具有内表面和外表面的管壁,管壁内表面限定在近端和远端之间延伸的通道。在设置时,该通道有效地将消化分泌液从近端输送到远端,从而减少消化分泌液和小肠中食物的消化接触。
Description
背景技术
通常知道口是消化道,也认为是营养道的开始。一旦你开始第一口进餐,消化就开始了。咀嚼将食物分成更容易消化的块,而唾液与食物混合以开始将其分解成一种身体能够吸收和使用的形式的过程。喉咙,也称为咽是食物的下一站。从这里,食物移动到食道或喉管。
食道是从咽喉至胃延伸的肌肉管。依靠一系列的收缩,称为蠕动,食道将食物传送到胃。在连接到胃之前就存在高压区域,称为下部的食道括约肌,其像阀一样起作用以避免食物向后通行进入食道。胃是带有强壮肌肉壁的囊状器官。除保留食物外,它也是混合器和粉碎器。胃分泌继续分解食物的过程的酸和作用强大的酶。当食物离开胃时,其为液体或糊状。从那里食物移动到小肠。
小肠是在腹中松散盘绕的长管,并且由三部分(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)组成。通过使用消化分泌液小肠继续分解食物的过程,该分泌液包括胰腺释放的酶和来自肝脏的胆汁。小肠也进行蠕动,移动食物通过并且将其与消化分泌液混合。十二指肠对继续分解食物的过程起巨大作用,空肠和回肠主要作用是将营养物吸收入血流。
三个器官帮助胃和小肠消化食物:胰腺、肝脏和胆囊。在其它作用中,胰腺分泌酶入小肠。这些酶分解我们吃的食物的蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物。肝脏有许多作用,两个肝脏制造和分泌胆汁,并且纯化和净化来自包含刚刚吸收营养物的小肠的血液。胆汁是一种化合物,其有助于脂肪的消化和消除血液的废物。胆囊是一个储液囊,其正好在肝脏之下并且储存胆汁。胆汁通过称为胆囊管的通道从肝脏移动到胆囊。在进餐期间,胆囊收缩将胆汁送到小肠。一旦引入小肠,胆汁和胰腺分泌物就帮助食物的消化。
一旦营养物吸收并且剩余液体通过小肠,剩余物就移动到大肠或结肠。结肠是将小肠连接到直肠的长肌肉管。它由升结肠、横结肠、降结肠和连接到直肠的乙状结肠组成。消化过程留下的粪便或废物首先以液体形式并且最后以固体形式依靠蠕动通过结肠。当粪便通过结肠时,去除剩余的水。粪便保存在乙状结肠内直到大量移动进入直肠。粪便自身主要是食物碎屑和细菌。这些细菌进行几个有用的作用,例如合成各种维生素、处理废物和食物颗粒,以及防止有害细菌。当降结肠变为积满粪便时,它将其内含物清空到直肠以开始排除过程。
直肠是将结肠连接到肛门的短室。结肠的工作是接收来自结肠的粪便并且保存粪便直到排除发生。当任何东西(气体或粪便)进入直肠时,感受器传递信息到大脑。然后大脑决定是否可以释放直肠的内含物。如果可以,括约肌放松并且直肠收缩,排除其内含物。如果不能排除内含物,那么括约肌收缩并且直肠容纳,从而感觉暂时消失。
肛门是消化道的最后部分。它由骨盆底肌肉和两块括约肌(内部和外部肌肉)组成。上部肛门的内层专用于检测直肠的内含物,指示是否内含物为液体、气体或固体。骨盆底肌肉在直肠和肛门之间产生一个角度当不想排除粪便时防止粪便出来。肛门括约肌提供粪便的细微控制。除了粪便进入直肠时,内部括约肌总是紧张的。
发明简述
本发明的一个例子是一种用于转移消化分泌液,例如胆汁或胰腺分泌液的装置,该装置包括在设置时基本在小肠中定位的管。该管包括在设置时有效地接收消化分泌液的近端,在设置时有效地使消化分泌液流入食道的远端,和具有内表面和外表面的管壁,管壁内表面限定在近端和远端之间延伸的通道。在设置时,该通道有效地将消化分泌液从近端输送到远端,并且所述管壁有效地将消化分泌液从小肠中的食物隔开。
本发明的另一个例子是一种通过转移胆汁和胰腺分泌液有助于营养物不良吸收的装置。一管包括近端、远端、具有内表面和外表面的管壁和在该近端和该远端之间延伸并且由壁的内表面限定的通道。斯腾特固定模连接到管的近端,并且设定尺寸用于啮合消化分泌液通过其流动的解剖内腔(例如肝胰管壶腹、胆管、胰腺管和/或十二指肠)。当在病人体中设置时,斯腾特固定模在解剖内腔中定位,管的主要部分在小肠中定位,并且病人的胆汁和胰腺分泌液进入近端,流过通道并从远端流入小肠或大肠,从而减少胆汁、胰腺分泌液和小肠中食物的消化接触。
本发明的另一个例子是一种通过转移消化分泌液以有助于吸收不良治疗肥胖的方法。在病人小肠中定位一管,该管包括近端、远端、具有内表面和外表面的管壁、在近端和远端之间延伸并且由壁的内表面限定的通道和连接到近端的斯腾特固定模。该斯腾特固定模连接到十二指肠大乳头内或附近,从而该管的近端接收胆汁和胰腺分泌液。在病人小肠中的该管的远端向十二指肠大乳头远端定位。通过使胆汁和胰腺分泌液流过管通道防止胆汁和胰腺分泌液与小肠中的食物之间的消化接触。胆汁和胰腺分泌液从该管的远端流入小肠。
前面本发明的例子的简述不应当用于限定本发明的范围。对于本领域普通技术人员,通过下面的描述本发明的另外的例子、技术特征、形式、实施例和优点将变得清楚。该描述通过举例的方式,用于实现本发明希望的一个最好的方式。如将认识到的,在所有不脱离本发明的条件下,本发明可以是不同的和显而易见的方面。因此附图和说明书应当看作实际的和不限定的描述。
附图简述
虽然说明书以特别指出的并且清楚地要求专利保护本发明的权利要求结束,但是通过下面结合附图的说明书本发明将被更好的理解,在附图中相同的附图标记表示相同的元件,并且其中:
图1示出了在小肠中设置的转移管的例子;
图2示出了带有斯腾特固定模的转移管的例子;
图3示出了带有Y形斯腾特固定模的切开的解剖图;
图4示出了带有渗透性斯腾特固定模的切开的解剖图;
图5示出了带有转移管的十二指肠斯腾特固定模的例子。
发明详述
图1示出了人体消化道的横截面图,包括一部分胃(8)和小肠(10)。如图所示,小肠(10)包括十二指肠(22)和一部分空肠(16)。也示出了部分的胆管(22)和胰腺管(24),它们通过十二指肠大乳头(20)输送流入十二指肠(12)的胆汁和胰腺分泌液。胆管(22)、胰腺管(24)和十二指肠大乳头(20)的解剖模型可以变化。在一些情况中,胆管(22)和胰腺管(24)一起并入肝胰管壶腹(26),其为通过十二指肠大乳头(20)通向十二指肠共同的管。对于不同的人肝胰管壶腹(26)可以改变长度。另外的情况是缺少肝胰管壶腹(26)的人,在该情况中胆管(22)和胰腺管(24)典型地通过十二指肠大乳头(20)都直接通向十二指肠(12)。
在本发明的一个实施例中,一转移管(30)基本位于病人的小肠(10)内。转移管(30)包括近端(32)、远端(34)和具有内表面和外表面从而该内表面限定在近端(32)和远端(34)之间延伸的通道的管壁。在本例子中,转移管(30)的展开状态包括定位以接收消化分泌液的近端(32),定位以使消化分泌液流入小肠(10)的远端(34),和有效地将消化分泌液从近端(32)输送到远端(34)的通道。管壁有效地将消化分泌液与小肠(10)中的食物隔开。消化分泌液继续自由流动,而胆汁、胰腺分泌液和小肠(10)中的食物间的消化接触减少了,从而有助于食物营养的吸收不良和减少病人摄取热量。另外,由于消化分泌液在转移管(30)内流动,因此肠壁和消化分泌液之间的直接接触最小化,当没有与食物混合时,其具有刺激性或腐蚀性。
使用现有技术中的内窥镜技术,转移管(30)通常将经口(transorally)设置,然而转移管(30)也可以经肛门(transanally)或在腹部内(intrabdominally)设置。使用各种不同技术中的任何一种技术固定近端(32),这些技术包括但不限于使用:斯腾特固定模(stent)、缝合线、固定钉、凸缘、环、夹子、钩、粘合剂等。如这里所述,近端(32)固定在十二指肠大乳头(20)上或其附近并且接收胆和胰腺的分泌液,然而,也可以希望近端(32)可以仅接收两种分泌液之一。在固定近端(32)之前或之后,远端(34)向远端定位在小肠(10)中。在一个实施例中,使用自然蠕动和通过小肠(10)的食物移动设置远端(34),直到转移管(30)完全在小肠(10)中延伸。所需的消化不良的程度可以通过转移管(30)的长度控制。在大部分情况中,远端(34)将定位在空肠(16)或回肠内,然而远端(34)也可能在食道的任何远端位置,例如十二指肠(12)或结肠中定位。转移管(30)的长度开始可以相对伸长以最大化消化不良,并且在随后过程中缩短以适合长期消化不良率。
营养物消化不良可以用于许多原因,一个用途是减轻体重以治疗病态肥胖。另一种可替换的消化不良技术是进行胆汁制造转移(BPD)过程,该过程包括重大手术以改道小肠的近端部分。虽然BPD过程能够成功地减少与病态肥胖相关的综合病症的反作用,并且显著地提高病人的生活质量,但是该治疗是高侵入的并且难以还原。相反,转移管(30)的设置是最低限度侵入的并且比较容易还原,同时提供相同或相似的治疗效果。
图2示出了转移管(30)的一个例子,连接到近端(32)的是用于啮合消化分泌液通过其流动的解剖内腔,例如胆管(22)、胰腺管(24)或肝胰管壶腹(26)的斯腾特固定模(36)。斯腾特固定模(36)可以或不可以保持各解剖内腔相应的括约肌开口。斯腾特固定模(36)可以采用现有技术中的各种构型的任何一种,并且设置尺寸以安装在所需的解剖内腔中。另外,斯腾特固定模(36)可以衬有与转移管(30)相同或不同的材料。在一个例子中,斯腾特固定模(36)为展开的镍钛诺斯腾特固定模。
转移管(30)可以由现有技术中的各种材料中的一种制造,包括但不限于:聚四氟乙烯或其它氟乙烯、聚烯烃、涤纶、橡胶、硅树脂等。转移管(30)可以由同质材料或复合结构制造。例如,转移管(30)可以包括隔离层和单独的硬质成份以防止卷曲或打结。另外希望转移管(30)可以由在预定时间内生物降解的材料制造,从而转移管(30)可以通过正常消化过程去除。
本发明例子中的消化管(30)的壁通常是不可渗透性的,以最小化消化分泌液与食物的联系,直到分秘液通过远端(34)流出。然而可以希望转移管(30)的壁是半渗透性的,例如通过孔或穿孔,以便于将消化分泌液逐渐释放到小肠(10)中。在另一个例子中,转移管(30)的壁对水是渗透性的,从而小肠(10)中的湿气将通过渗透梯度作用在转移管(30)中水合消化分泌液,并且便于流过转移管(30)通道。在该例子中,转移管(30)壁对消化分泌液可以是半渗透性或不可渗透性的。
图3示出了Y形斯腾特固定模(40)连接到近端(32)的实施例。该Y形斯腾特固定模(40)包括插入胆管(22)的胆汁输送部分(42)和插入胰腺管(24)的胰腺输送部分(44)。Y形斯腾特固定模(40)可以或不可以延伸到肝胰管壶腹(26)。转移管(30)在肝胰管壶腹(26)中从Y形斯腾特固定模(40)延伸,并且通过十二指肠大乳头(20)进入小肠(10)。因此,通过胆管(22)流动的胆汁和通过胰腺管(24)流动的胰腺分泌液将进入近端(32)并且流过转移管(30)。
图4示出了渗透性斯腾特固定模(50)连接到近端(32)的实施例。如该例子所示,渗透性斯腾特固定模(50)是部分有线纹的并且插入胆管(22)和肝胰管壶腹(26)。因此,流过胆管(22)的胆汁将通过渗透性斯腾特固定模(50)进入转移管(30)的近端(32)。渗透性斯腾特固定模(50)包括通道(52),通过该通道从胰腺管(24)流过的胰腺分泌液通过渗透性斯腾特固定模(50)的渗透性壁,并且进入转移管(30)的近端(32)。通道(52)可以具有各种形式,包括孔(如在此所示)、渗透性斯腾特固定模(50)中无线纹的带子或没有任何线纹的渗透性斯腾特固定模(50)。替换的实施例包括插入胰腺管(24)和肝胰管壶腹(26)、或不插入肝胰管壶腹(26)的渗透性斯腾特固定模(50)。
在另一个变换中,通过两个转移管接收胆汁和胰腺分泌液,这两个转移管保持两消化分泌液间的隔离。转移管可以是同轴的(即一根在另一根内)或独立的。隔离的转移管的一个优点是通过改变各自的转移管长度,相应的消化分泌液可以在不同位置沿食道流出。例如,一转移管可以足够长以使胆汁流入空肠,而另一转移管可以足够长以使胰腺分泌液流入回肠。在另外一个变换中,仅转移消化分泌液之一,例如胰腺分泌液可以引入转移管,而胆汁通过十二指肠大乳头自然地流入十二直肠(或反之亦然)。
图5示出了十二指肠斯腾特固定模(60)(以部分横截面示于此)设置在十二指肠(12)的解剖内腔中的实施例。在该例子中十二指肠斯腾特固定模(60)是柔软的,有线纹的,并且通常是沙漏形的。在设置时,近端(64)和远端(66)基本啮合十二指肠壁(14),从而流过十二指肠(12)的食物通过十二指肠斯腾特固定模(60)。在十二指肠斯腾特固定模(60)和十二指肠壁(14)之间限定环带(62)。十二指肠斯腾特固定模(60)定位在十二指肠(12)中,从而环带(62)包围十二指肠大乳头(20)。可选择的是,环带(62)也可以包围十二指肠小乳头(未示出)。转移管(30)的近端(32)延伸到远端(66)并且在环带(62)中开口,从而在环带(62)和转移管(30)的远端(34)之间提供液体连通。因此,消化分泌液将通过十二指肠大乳头(20)和/或十二指肠小乳头进入环带(62),通过近端(32)进入转移管(30),流动通过转移管(30),并且通过远端(34)流入小肠(10)。本实施例的一个优点是可以适应胆管(22)、胰腺管(24)和十二指肠大乳头(20)的各种解剖结构。另外的优点是在不干涉胰腺解剖结构的条件下可以设置装置。
已经示出和描述了本发明的各种实施例,在不脱离本发明范围的条件下,本领域普通技术人员通过适当修改可以实现在此描述的方法和系统的另外的改变。应当注意几个这种可能的改变,并且其它的改变对于本领域普通技术人员是显而易见的。因此,本发明的范围应当依据下面的权利要求考虑,并且应当理解本发明不限于说明书和附图中示出和描述的结构和操作的细节。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于转移消化分泌液的装置,该装置包括在设置时在小肠中定位的管,该管包括:
a)在设置时有效地接收消化分泌液的近端;
b)在设置时有效地使消化分泌液流入小肠的远端;以及
c)具有内表面和外表面的管壁,管壁内表面限定在近端和远端之间延伸的通道,其中在设置时,该通道有效地将消化分泌液从近端输送到远端,并且所述管壁有效地将消化分泌液从小肠中的食物隔开,
其中所述装置还包括用于啮合解剖内腔的斯腾特固定模,该斯腾特固定模连接到该管的近端,
其中解剖内腔是十二指肠,并且环带限定在斯腾特固定模和十二指肠壁之间并且环带包围十二指肠大乳头,该管的近端与该环带液体连通。
2.根据权利要求1的装置,其中消化分泌液包括胆汁。
3.根据权利要求1的装置,其中消化分泌液包括胰腺分泌液。
4.根据权利要求1的装置,其中解剖内腔包括至少一部分肝胰管壶腹。
5.根据权利要求1的装置,其中解剖内腔包括至少一部分胆管。
6.根据权利要求1的装置,其中解剖内腔包括至少一部分胰腺管。
7.根据权利要求1的装置,其中斯腾特固定模通常是Y形的。
8.根据权利要求1的装置,其中斯腾特固定模包括一个套。
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US10/644,571 US7314489B2 (en) | 2003-08-20 | 2003-08-20 | Method and apparatus to facilitate nutritional malabsorption |
US10/644571 | 2003-08-20 |
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EP (1) | EP1508312A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4781647B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100579589C (zh) |
AU (2) | AU2004205166A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0403365B8 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2477990C (zh) |
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US20030040804A1 (en) * | 2001-08-27 | 2003-02-27 | Stack Richard S. | Satiation devices and methods |
Also Published As
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JP2005066341A (ja) | 2005-03-17 |
CN1608685A (zh) | 2005-04-27 |
EP1508312A1 (en) | 2005-02-23 |
CA2477990A1 (en) | 2005-02-20 |
AU2011202158B2 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
BRPI0403365B8 (pt) | 2016-05-17 |
AU2004205166A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
US20050043817A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
MXPA04008119A (es) | 2005-07-01 |
AU2011202158A1 (en) | 2011-06-02 |
US7314489B2 (en) | 2008-01-01 |
BRPI0403365A (pt) | 2005-05-03 |
CA2477990C (en) | 2012-08-07 |
BRPI0403365B1 (pt) | 2014-01-21 |
JP4781647B2 (ja) | 2011-09-28 |
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