CN100577339C - Molten strip automatic compression arc cladding welding method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for automatic compression arc cladding welding of molten strip. In this method, the metal belt is used as the melting belt electrode, and the metal belt passes through the belt feeder to the part to be welded on the surface of the workpiece. The welding gun is set above the metal belt, and a compression arc is generated between the metal belt and the tungsten electrode in the welding gun; Or linear motion and the feeding power is provided by the solidified deposited metal, and the metal belt automatically moves forward, forming a passive automatic belt feeding method that continues to the part to be welded; the compression arc generated by the welding torch transfers heat to the surface of the metal belt, Relying on heat conduction, the heat is transferred to the inside of the metal strip to melt it, and the workpiece makes a step-by-step rotation or linear motion, and the metal strip is partially continuously melted to form a continuous weld pool and continuously solidifies to form a continuous weld. The tape feeder of the device is composed of a ceramic head, a powder feeder, a copper conductive head, a rectangular tape feed pipe and a conductive structure. The invention has no penetration depth, no dilution rate problem, no transition layer, simple process and low cost.

Description

Molten strip automatic compression arc cladding welding method and device

technical field

The invention belongs to the special welding technology of melting strip automatic deposition welding copper, aluminum, stainless steel, pure iron and other metals on a steel substrate, in particular to a melting strip automatic compression arc deposition welding method and its device.

Background technique

In the welding of steel substrates and metals such as copper, aluminum, and stainless steel, such as welding corrosion-resistant layers on the surface of containers, welding wear-resistant layers on the surface of construction machinery, and welding copper alloy layers on the surface of weapons, wire feeding surfacing, laser cladding, and plasma welding are usually used. Overlay welding, Mold Soldification Welding (MSW), friction welding and other technologies. For example, copper overlay welding technology on the surface of steel substrate is to weld a layer of copper and copper alloy on the surface of the base metal to make the base metal have the required Properties such as hardness, electrical conductivity, etc. Another example is the stainless material technology of surfacing welding on the surface of the steel substrate, which is to weld a layer of austenitic stainless steel on the surface of the base metal so that the base metal has the required properties such as corrosion resistance. Surfacing technology Such as gas-shielded surfacing welding, TIG surfacing welding, etc., an arc is generated between the molten electrode and the base metal, and the base metal is melted under the action of the arc heat as the cathode or anode, and the deposited metal and the molten base metal are mixed to form a metallurgical bond. The melting of metal is unavoidable. The base metal in the surfacing process has a large penetration depth, and the deposited metal is diluted by the molten metal of the base. The dilution rate is generally greater than 10%, and the properties of the deposited metal change accordingly. For corrosion resistance The melting of the base metal of the layer greatly reduces the corrosion resistance. For some types of weapons, copper is surfacing on the steel base. The melting and dilution of the base metal will cause a large amount of iron to be contained in the copper strip layer, resulting in performance changes and welding failures.

In-mould casting welding (MSW) is to weld a copper alloy layer on the surface of a cylindrical workpiece, that is, to weld a certain thickness of pure copper layer on the surface of a steel cylinder. The method adopts steel (stamping parts) forming mold, the mold and the base are welded, the oxides and rust between the base and the mold are cleaned, the workpiece is immersed in the liquid protective agent, and the protective agent is filled between the base and the mold. It has preheating effect, and then immerses the workpiece in liquid copper, the liquid copper is heavy and the liquid protective agent is light, the copper liquid replaces the protective agent and enters the mold, after cooling, the copper and the steel matrix are metallurgically bonded, and the steel protective mold is removed by turning after welding . This process method is prone to defects such as shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosity, pores and slag inclusions, and the welding and removal of steel protective molds affect efficiency and quality.

The friction welding technology between the tubular workpiece and the copper ring is to connect the copper ring with the tubular steel substrate, such as welding a pure copper layer about 1mm thick on the 30mm diameter tubular workpiece. This process converts axial force into radial force, notches the ring, clamps the fixture, rotates the projectile at high speed, and then presses the copper ring to the tubular workpiece to realize welding by using inertial energy. The heating time is a few seconds, and there is a certain welding area, but the welding rate cannot be guaranteed to reach 100%. There are defects such as slag inclusion on the bonding interface, and the bonding strength and performance are unstable.

The patent No. 01142701.9 of "metal deposition welding process on steel substrate" is to use induction heat source to heat the copper ring or copper plate pre-placed on the steel substrate, relying on high-frequency induction heating and melting the copper ring or copper plate to form a copper molten pool to realize copper welding. Metallurgical bonding of steel. The patent No. 01142702.7 of "Steel Substrate Plasma Deposited Metal Technology" is to use plasma arc to heat and melt the copper ring preset on the surface of the steel substrate to realize the metallurgical combination of copper and steel.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an automatic compression arc cladding welding device for molten strip.

The object of the present invention is also to provide a method for automatic compression arc deposition welding of molten strips using the above-mentioned device to make the interface welding rate high and the bonding strength greater than the strength of the special function cladding layer itself. The method has no penetration depth on the steel surface. Automatic deposition welding of copper, stainless steel, pure iron, aluminum and other hard-to-corrod and non-ferrous metals to form low-hardness layers, corrosion-resistant layers, conductive layers, magnetic isolation layers, high-hard wear-resistant layers and other special functional deposition layers to Realize the non-penetrating metallurgical combination of the steel substrate and the special function cladding layer.

The technical solution to realize the purpose of the present invention is: an automatic compression arc cladding welding device for molten strip, including a welding torch controlled by a robot manipulator and a workpiece that rotates or linearly moves, and transports the metal strip to the part to be welded on the surface of the workpiece The tape feeder is composed of a ceramic head, a powder feeder, a copper conductive head, a rectangular tape feed tube and a conductive structure. The ceramic head is set at the front end of the rectangular tape feed tube, and the ceramic head is close to the welding area; the automatic filling of the protective agent is realized. The powder feeder is a funnel-type structure, and is set above the rectangular feeding tube close to the ceramic head; the copper conductive head and the conductive structure are set as a whole close to the powder feeder, and the copper conductive head is pressed against the metal by spring pressure. The strip realizes the conductive function of the metal strip; the metal strip passes through the inside of the rectangular strip feeding tube, and the inside of the rectangular strip feeding tube is a rectangular hole, and the cavity between the rectangular hole and the upper surface of the metal strip is filled with a protective agent.

An automatic compression arc deposition welding method for molten strip poles. First, a metal strip is used as the molten strip pole, that is, the metal strip is used as the anode of the compression arc. , the welding torch is set above the metal strip at the position to be welded, and a compression arc is generated between the metal strip and the tungsten electrode in the welding torch to heat and melt the metal strip;

Secondly, the workpiece rotates or moves linearly. The axis of the compression arc is located at the junction of the unmelted and solidified metal strips, which is on the side of the unmelted metal strip, that is, to the opposite direction of the workpiece movement. The welding torch moves horizontally within the width of the metal strip. When the welding torch moves to one end of the metal belt, the molten metal belt at the other end has solidified, so that the metal belt and the workpiece are connected together. As the workpiece rotates or moves linearly and provides feeding power through the solidified deposited metal, the metal belt automatically As it moves forward, the passive automatic tape feeding mode is formed and continues to the position to be welded; the thickness difference between the rectangular hole of the rectangular feeding tube and the metal tape is the amount of the protective agent. With the automatic feeding of the metal tape, the protection The agent is evenly and automatically spread on the surface of the metal strip by its own weight to ensure the quality of the welded joint;

Finally, the compression arc generated by the welding torch transfers heat to the surface of the metal strip, and relies on heat conduction to transfer the heat to the inside of the metal strip to melt it. The metal of the workpiece accepts the heat conduction, but it is lower than its own melting point, and the metal strip is partially melted along the length direction to form Continuous welding pool, the workpiece accepts the heat conduction temperature of the molten pool to rise to the temperature required for cladding welding, and forms a metallurgical bond with the molten metal strip, the compression arc continues to move along the bandwidth, and the workpiece rotates step by step Or linear motion, the metal strip is continuously melted locally to form a continuous weld pool and is continuously solidified to form a continuous weld.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has significant advantages: (1) no penetration, the penetration is 0; (2) the iron content in the deposited metal is lower than 1% after 10-50 μm from the interface, and there is no dilution rate The problem is that the composition and performance of the cladding layer are not affected by the base metal. There is no "pan-iron" phenomenon in the welding of weapon belts, and the quality is stable and there is no waste product; (3) For corrosion-resistant cladding, the performance of the corrosion-resistant layer is stable, no need Transition layer; (4) Heating forming does not require forming molds, so the process is simple, the cost is low, and the welding rate reaches 100%, which is obviously better than radial friction welding; (5) The welding strength of deposition welding is higher than that of copper-steel pipe friction welding bombs The welding quality is stable, and there are no defects such as slag inclusions and unwelded joints at the interface of the elastic belt; (6) Compared with the method of plasma cladding metal on the steel substrate of the preset ring (plate), there is no need to preset a protective agent between the metal belt and the substrate , and there is no need for a strict process of "metal ring or plate" installation.

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an automatic compression arc cladding welding device for a molten strip electrode according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the belt feeder of the automatic compression arc cladding welding device for molten belt according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the method for automatic compression arc cladding welding of molten strip according to the present invention.

Detailed ways

With reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the automatic compression arc cladding welding device for molten strip of the present invention includes a welding torch 1 controlled by a robot manipulator and a workpiece 4 for rotating or linear motion, and the metal strip 5 passes through a specially designed belt feeding The device 3 directly reaches the part to be welded on the surface of the workpiece 4. The tape feeder 3 is composed of a ceramic head 6, a powder feeder 7, a copper conductive head 8, a rectangular tape feeder 9 and a conductive structure 10. The ceramic head 6 is arranged on a rectangular feeder. The front end of the tape tube 9 is connected by inserting the rectangular tape feed pipe 9 into the ceramic head 6. The ceramic head 6 is close to the welding area; the powder feeder 7 that realizes the automatic filling of the protective agent is a funnel-type structure and is arranged on the rectangular tape feed pipe. The top of 9 is close to the ceramic head 6; the copper conductive head 8 and the conductive structure 10 are arranged as a whole close to the powder feeder 7, and the copper conductive head 8 is pressed against the metal strip 5 by spring pressure to realize the conductive function of the metal strip 5 ; The metal belt 5 passes through the inside of the rectangular belt feeding tube 9, which is a rectangular hole inside, and the cavity between the rectangular hole and the upper surface of the metal belt 5 is filled with a protective agent.

In conjunction with Fig. 3, an automatic compression arc deposition welding method for molten strip using the above-mentioned device, first adopts a metal strip 5 as the molten strip pole, and the metal strip 5 as the anode of the compression arc 2, and the metal strip 5 passes through the belt feeder The rectangular belt feeding pipe 9 of 3 directly reaches the part to be welded on the surface of the workpiece 4, and the welding gun 1 is arranged above the metal strip at the position to be welded, and a compression arc 2 is generated between the metal strip 5 and the tungsten electrode in the welding torch 1 to heat and melt the metal with 5. The metal strip 5 can be stainless steel, pure copper, copper alloy, pure iron, aluminum or aluminum alloy.

Secondly, the workpiece 4 rotates or moves linearly. The axis of the compression arc 2 is located on the side of the unmelted metal strip 5 at the junction of the unmelted and solidified metal strips, that is, to the opposite direction of the movement of the workpiece 4. The welding torch 1 is on the metal strip. 5. Horizontal movement within the width range. When the welding torch 1 moves to one end of the metal strip 5, the molten metal at the other end has solidified, so that the metal strip 5 and the workpiece 4 are connected together, and the workpiece 4 rotates or moves linearly and passes through the solidified The deposited metal provides the feeding power, and the metal belt 5 automatically moves forward, forming a passive automatic belt feeding method and continuing to the position to be welded; the protective agent is automatically transported by the powder feeder 7 through the rectangular belt feeding tube 9 and the metal belt 5 as the carrier. Conveying the protective agent, the thickness difference between the rectangular hole of the rectangular belt feeding pipe 9 and the metal strip 5 determines the amount of the protective agent. With the automatic feeding of the metal strip 5, the protective agent is evenly and automatically spread on the The surface of the metal strip ensures the quality of the welded joint.

Finally, the compression arc 2 generated by the welding torch 1 transfers heat to the surface of the metal strip 5, and then transfers the heat to the inside of the metal strip 5 to melt it by means of heat conduction. The workpiece 4 accepts the heat of conduction, but it is lower than its own melting point, and the metal strip continues to melt locally. And first move laterally with the compression arc 2, and then form a continuous welding pool with the step-by-step rotation of the workpiece 4, and continuously solidify to form a continuous weld seam. The temperature of the workpiece 4 receiving the heat conduction from the molten pool rises to the temperature required for deposition welding , and forms a metallurgical bond with the molten metal strip. Among them, the powder feeder 7 transports the protective agent sent together with the metal belt 5 and the protective gas sprayed by the welding torch 1 to jointly protect the molten pool process from oxidation, and the particle size of the protective agent is 30-200 mesh. The workpiece 4 can be a steel matrix, and these steel matrixes are low carbon steel matrix, ordinary low steel matrix, medium carbon steel matrix, medium carbon quenched and tempered steel matrix, high alloy steel matrix, high carbon steel matrix and so on.

The following examples are used to describe in detail the fusion zone automatic compression arc cladding welding process method and its device of the present invention.

Embodiment 1: With reference to Figures 1 to 3, a brass layer deposited on the surface of a 58SiMn cylindrical body (cylinder) with a diameter of 155 mm is taken as an example. Pass the 5cm×5mm96 brass metal strip through the specially designed rectangular strip feeding tube 9 of the strip feeder 3 to the surface of the tubular (155mm outer diameter) steel substrate to be welded. The inner hole of the rectangular strip feeding tube 9 is 55mm wide and 6mm high , there is a protective agent automatic filling device powder feeder 7 (filling funnel) above the rectangular feeding pipe 9, the size of the leak hole at the bottom of the funnel is 20-35mm×20-30mm, the protective agent mesh is 60-120 mesh, and the rectangular feeding pipe 9. The 1mm difference between the thickness of the inner rectangular hole and the thickness of the brass metal strip determines the amount of protective agent delivered. With the automatic feeding of the brass metal strip, the protective agent is evenly and automatically spread on the surface of the brass metal strip. The welding torch 1 is set on the brass metal strip. Above the metal strip, the compression arc 2 generated by the welding torch 1 has an arc length of 3-6 mm, and is located at a position 3-4 mm away from the unmelted brass metal strip side of the joint line of the unmelted and solidified brass metal strip. The copper metal strip moves within the width range, and swings in the length direction, that is, the tangential direction of the steel substrate movement, with an amplitude of 1mm. When the welding torch 1 moves to the left end of the brass metal strip, the molten brass metal strip at the right end has solidified, and the welding torch 1 moves When it reaches the right end of the metal belt, the molten brass metal belt at the left end has solidified and connects the brass metal belt with the steel base. When the steel base rotates, the brass metal belt automatically moves forward, forming a passive automatic belt feeding , Compression arc 2 transfers heat to the surface of the metal strip, the arc current is 170A, the arc voltage is 29V, the movement speed is 20cm/min, and the speed of the steel substrate is 90 seconds/rev. The brass metal strip below the compression arc 2 is partially melted to form a molten pool, and the heat is also transferred to the steel substrate. The temperature of the steel substrate rises but does not exceed the temperature of the liquid brass metal, and the molten brass metal solidifies on the surface of the steel substrate. form a metallurgical bond. With the movement of the compression arc 2 and the steel matrix, the molten pool is continuously formed and solidified to form a continuous weld.

Embodiment 2: With reference to Figures 1 to 3, a stainless steel layer deposited on the surface of a 170 mm diameter 45 cylindrical body (cylindrical body) is taken as an example. Pass the 4cm×4mm 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel strip through the specially designed rectangular strip feeding tube 9 of the strip feeder to the part to be welded on the surface of the tubular (170mm outer diameter) steel substrate. There is a protective agent automatic filling device powder feeder 7 (filling funnel) above the rectangular feeding pipe 9, the size of the hole at the bottom of the funnel is 20-30mm×20-25mm, the mesh number of the protective agent is 40-80 mesh, and the rectangular feeding pipe 9 The 1mm difference between the thickness of the inner rectangular hole and the thickness of the stainless steel strip determines the amount of protective agent delivered. With the automatic feeding of the stainless steel strip, the protective agent spreads evenly and automatically on the surface of the stainless steel strip. The welding torch 1 is set above the stainless steel strip. The arc length of compression arc 2 is 3-6mm, and it is located at the junction line of unmelted and solidified stainless steel strip 3-4mm away from one end of the unmelted metal strip. direction swing, swing 1mm, when the welding torch 1 moves to the left end of the stainless steel strip, the molten stainless steel strip at the right section has solidified, and when the welding torch 1 moves to the right end of the metal strip, the molten stainless steel strip at the left end has solidified, and the stainless steel strip is connected to the steel matrix Together, when the steel substrate rotates, the stainless steel belt automatically moves forward, forming a passive automatic belt feeding. The compression arc 2 transfers heat to the surface of the stainless steel belt. The arc current is 190A, the arc voltage is 30V, the movement speed is 18cm/min, and the substrate speed 90 sec/rev. The stainless steel metal strip under the compression arc 2 is partially melted to form a molten pool, and the heat is also transferred to the steel substrate. The temperature of the steel substrate rises but does not exceed the temperature of the liquid stainless steel metal. The molten stainless steel metal solidifies on the surface of the steel substrate and forms a metallurgical bond. . With the movement of the compressed arc 2 and the steel matrix, the molten pool is continuously formed and solidified to form a continuous weld.

Claims (4)

1. An automatic compression arc deposition welding device for molten strip, including a welding torch [1] controlled by a robot manipulator and a workpiece [4] for rotating or linear motion, characterized in that: the metal strip [5] is transported to The tape feeder [3] of the part to be welded on the surface of the workpiece [4] consists of a ceramic head [6], a powder feeder [7], a copper conductive head [8], a rectangular tape feeder [9] and a conductive structure [10] composition, the ceramic head [6] is set at the front end of the rectangular feeding pipe [9], and the ceramic head [6] is close to the welding area; the powder feeder [7] for automatic filling of the protective agent is a funnel structure, and is set in The upper part of the rectangular tape feeding pipe [9] is close to the ceramic head [6]; the copper conductive head [8] and the conductive structure [10] are set as a whole close to the powder feeder [7], relying on spring pressure to push the copper conductive head [8] is pressed against the metal strip [5] to realize the conductive function of the metal strip [5]; the metal strip [5] passes through the inside of the rectangular belt feeding tube [9], and the inside of the rectangular belt feeding tube [9] is A rectangular hole, the cavity between the rectangular hole and the upper surface of the metal strip [5] is filled with a protective agent. 2. A molten strip electrode automatic compression arc deposition welding method, characterized in that: firstly, a metal strip [5] is used as the molten strip electrode, that is, the metal strip is used as the anode of the compression arc, and the metal strip [5] passes through the belt The rectangular strip feeding pipe [9] of the device [3] directly reaches the part to be welded on the surface of the workpiece [4], and the welding torch [1] is arranged above the metal strip at the position to be welded, and the metal strip [5] and the welding torch [1] A compression arc [2] is generated between tungsten electrodes to heat and melt the metal strip [5]; Secondly, the workpiece [4] rotates or moves linearly, and the axis of the compression arc [2] is located on the side of the unmelted metal strip [5] at the junction of the unmelted and solidified metal strips, that is, the opposite direction of the movement of the workpiece [4]. direction, the welding torch [1] moves horizontally within the width of the metal strip [5], when the welding torch [1] moves to one end of the metal strip [5], the molten metal strip [5] at the other end has solidified, making the metal strip [5] ] is connected with the workpiece [4], as the workpiece [4] rotates or moves linearly and provides feeding power through the solidified deposited metal, the metal belt [5] automatically moves forward to form a passive automatic belt feeding The method continues to the position to be welded; the thickness difference between the rectangular hole of the rectangular feeding pipe [9] and the metal strip [5] is the amount of the protective agent, and the protective agent depends on the automatic feeding of the metal strip [5]. Its own weight is evenly and automatically spread on the surface of the metal strip to ensure the quality of the welded joint; Finally, the compression arc [2] generated by the torch [1] transfers heat to the surface layer of the metal strip [5], and then transfers the heat to the inside of the metal strip [5] by heat conduction to melt it, and the metal of the workpiece [4] accepts the conduction heat, But lower than its own melting point, the metal strip melts locally along the length direction to form a continuous weld pool, and the workpiece [4] accepts the heat conduction temperature of the molten pool to rise to the temperature required for deposition welding, and forms a metallurgical weld with the melted metal strip. Combined, the compression arc [2] continues to move along the bandwidth, the workpiece [4] performs stepwise rotation or linear movement, and the metal strip is partially continuously melted to form a continuous weld pool and continuously solidified to form a continuous weld seam. 3. The molten strip electrode automatic compression arc deposition welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the protection agent and the protection gas of the compression arc [2] are used to jointly protect the molten pool process from oxidation, and the particle size of the protection agent is 30-200 mesh. 4. The automatic compression arc deposition welding method for molten strip poles according to claim 2, characterized in that the metal strip [5] is made of stainless steel, pure copper, copper alloy, pure iron, aluminum or aluminum alloy.

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