CN100570384C - Method for testing electric secondary AC loop - Google Patents
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- CN100570384C CN100570384C CN 200810015025 CN200810015025A CN100570384C CN 100570384 C CN100570384 C CN 100570384C CN 200810015025 CN200810015025 CN 200810015025 CN 200810015025 A CN200810015025 A CN 200810015025A CN 100570384 C CN100570384 C CN 100570384C
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电气二次交流回路检测方法，在发电厂机组启动前投入低压短路点或短路小车，在升压站高压侧加三相380V电压，利用变压器和发电机的阻抗形成回路，通过电流检测仪器对电流幅值、相位进行测量，提前检查极性和变比，测量出发电机差动等所有电流保护方向。在中性点未连接时，在高厂变低压侧做短路点，将三相380V电压加在发电机中性点侧，可对发电机交流回路进行全面检查；将三相380V电压变为一相或两相，可对零序回路进行全面检查。利用上述检测方法，可以在送电前检查发变组所有CT、PT回路，提前检验所有发变组保护方向，节约时间和燃油，经济、环保、安全。本发明可实现对变电站的变压器、母差保护等二次回路的检验。
The invention relates to a method for detecting an electric secondary AC circuit. Before starting a unit in a power plant, a low-voltage short-circuit point or a short-circuit trolley is used, and a three-phase 380V voltage is applied to the high-voltage side of a step-up station. The impedance of a transformer and a generator is used to form a circuit. The current detection instrument measures the current amplitude and phase, checks the polarity and transformation ratio in advance, and measures all current protection directions such as the generator differential. When the neutral point is not connected, make a short-circuit point on the low-voltage side of the high-voltage transformer, and add three-phase 380V voltage to the neutral point side of the generator to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the generator's AC circuit; change the three-phase 380V voltage into one One-phase or two-phase, the zero-sequence circuit can be fully inspected. Using the above detection method, all CT and PT circuits of the generator-transformer group can be checked before power transmission, and the protection direction of all generator-transformer groups can be checked in advance, saving time and fuel, and is economical, environmentally friendly and safe. The invention can realize the inspection of secondary circuits such as transformers and bus differential protection of substations.
Description
Technical field;
The present invention relates to a kind of relay protection of power system and relevant electrical secondary system thereof, especially a kind of method for testing electric secondary AC loop.
Background technology:
In recent years, power plant, transformer station transform more, and newly-built a large amount of transformer stations, and equipment secondary circuit defective has become the important threat of power grid security power supply.Especially along with the swift and violent increase of social power consumption, substation equipment has a power failure difficult, and the relay protection direction check problem that newly goes up circuit and light load circuit becomes conspicuous contradiction, has defective as the equipment secondary circuit, will constitute than test power grid security.In transformer station's ac circuit debug process in the past, owing to there is not desirable ac circuit detection technique, secondary circuit debugging work can only rely on the staff that each bar cable, each root wiring are manually detected, not only workload is heavy, need the staff to have abundant work on the spot experience, human and material resources have greatly been wasted, and because the restriction of work on the spot condition, the staff can not guarantee that every wiring can both detect, and institute's residual defects can only found, solve in the equipment running process in the future.There are many generating plant, transformer station several times emergency protection action situation outside equipment primary system non-fault or system to occur.Connect instead as mother's difference CT polarity, under light load, be difficult to find, but when external area error, malfunction take place.Sending in electricity and the electrical test work that we are engaged in; the secondary AC loop wiring error that surpasses 15 times or CT, PT incorrect polarity have been experienced; even the situation of no-load voltage ratio mistake also took place; after this situation occurring; electric power feeding time is prolonged; seriously then can cause the protection malfunction or be forced to rectification and make electric power feeding time change, thereby cause great influence.
Domestic inspection method:
Domesticly send that common inspection is the wiring of checking earlier ac circuit root auto levelizer with multimeter before the electricity, again with the polarity of dry cell and milliampere used electric current of reometer check protection whether with install consistently, be the energizing test in whole loop at last.
First kind as shown in Figure 1; protecting cashier's office in a shop turn-off current LP1 in flakes; the LP1 two ends add electric current 1A in flakes, and an alternating current ammeter in parallel on CT root secondary outlet terminal S1, S2 is because the impedance of CT secondary AC is very big; so electric current will constitute the loop by reometer; reometer is if the about 1A of indication represents not open circuit of whole current return at this moment, and connection is good; otherwise problem is then arranged, need find out.The shortcoming of this method is to find out the polarity in loop by energising.
Second kind as shown in Figure 2, and the difference of this method and first kind is that reometer is not that two ends are connected in parallel on CT root secondary outlet terminal S1, the S2, and only one is terminated at CT root secondary outlet terminal, and the other end directly is connected on big ground.Because the electric current common port N that protects face cashier's office in a shop is ground connection, so electric current will directly constitute the loop by the earth and protection cabinet after flowing through reometer.Disconnect LP1 in flakes, the LP1 two ends add electric current 1A in flakes, and an end of reometer connects S1, S2 terminal respectively, connect which terminal reometer and show that 1A represents that then this terminal is a leading-out terminal.This method not only can illustrate that the loop is logical, can also judge whether polarity is correct.But differential circuit is made up of two-way CT loop at least, and many persons can reach 5 road CT loops, can only check one tunnel loop correctness in this way, could determine through technician's judgement whether whole differential polarity is correct then.Not that the height that stands in system is looked at problem, directly perceived inadequately, and the mistake of no-load voltage ratio checked to come out yet.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention provides a kind of easy to operate for overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, detects no-load voltage ratio and polarity before sending electricity, the method for testing electric secondary AC loop of the correctness of checking ac circuit.
The objective of the invention is to adopt following technical proposals to realize: before Power Plant starts, to drop into low pressure short dot or short circuit dolly; add three-phase 380V voltage in booster stations switch high-pressure side; utilize the impedance of transformer and generator; form the full current loop; on electric secondary CT loop, detect little current signal; utilize pincers type phase meter current detecting instrument; to current amplitude; phase place is measured comparison; check correctness; thereby check polarity and the no-load voltage ratio of total system CT in advance; energy measurement goes out differential protection for generator simultaneously; it is differential to send out the change group; high factory transformer differential; excitation becomes; main transformer differential protection direction realizes the inspection to all current returns.
When generator neutral point does not connect; three-phase 380V voltage is added in the generator neutral point side; become low-pressure side switch cubicle place in high factory and do short dot with the short circuit dolly; the impedance that utilizes generator and factory to become; form complete circuit; ac circuit to generator and the change of all factories is checked comprehensively; because the generator rated voltage is lower usually; a ratings is at 13.5-22kV; at the voltage of PT secondary actual measurement then at 1.35-2V; electric current is more than 30mA; can measure voltage with common souvenir; the amplitude of electric current and phase place are passed through comparative voltage; phase place between the electric current and amplitude are checked the loss of excitation of being with direction protection before sending electricity; Low ESR; inverse probability; loss of synchronism protection; perhaps check watt-hour meter; transmitter; realize generator in the oscillograph loop; high factory becomes the inspection of all band direction protections of system.
Adding three-phase 380V voltage is become a phase or a two-phase; then be equivalent to simulate system's unbalanced fault situation; having the relevant voltage electric current in the zero sequence loop of protection secondary circuit produces; checking zero sequence loop amplitude adds with actual institute; can check the correctness in zero sequence loop, realize before sending electricity comprehensive inspection in zero sequence loop.
External major company payes attention to on-load verification protection especially; utilize technical scheme of the present invention; under zero load or light load situation, utilize the weak current voltage signal that measures to carry out system test; important protections such as verification bus differential, transformer differential, loss of excitation, impedance before sending electric prerequisite; these important protections are just put into operation before sending electricity; guarantee the correctness of loop and polarity; thereby make transformer station's band direction protection needn't put into operation the back because of loop problem power failure modification wiring, only this item just can be saved hundreds thousand of first loss of outage at every turn.Utilize this detection method, not only satisfy developed country fully, can also detect the direction of band direction protections such as impedance that external scheme do not possess, loss of excitation, save a large amount of time and fuel oil simultaneously, economy, environmental protection, safety the high request that ac circuit detects.Send out in electric total starting characteristics test of #4 unit of electricity generating corporation, Ltd in Weifang, only with the starting characteristics test of just finishing the 670MW unit in 5 hours, and the loop is all correct.
This technology is with a wide range of applications, and can be applicable to transformer station, the detection of power plant electricity interchange secondary circuit.
This detection method advantage:
1, utilize this detection method can check transformer station, all ac circuits in generating plant in advance; guarantee the correctness of CT no-load voltage ratio and polarity; thereby avoid transformer station's ac circuit mistake; avoid being with having a power failure again after the direction protection false wiring and revise wiring; only this item just can be saved hundreds thousand of units or 1,000,000 loss of outage at every turn; can also solve light load circuit bus differential protection, the tranformer protection orientation measurement problem of long-term puzzlement production run, thereby guarantee power supply reliability.
2, effectively avoid CT open circuit in the load test process, the accident that jeopardizes personal safety takes place.
3, guarantee under zero load situation, to carry out system test; important protection such as differential, the loss of excitation of verification, step-out, impedance before sending electric prerequisite; these important protections are just put into operation before sending electricity, must move back the tradition of direction protection before sending electricity in the past thereby can change.
4, use this detection method, can change unalterable in decades total startup electrical test content of the test, carry out before making a large amount of surveying works advance to startup, thereby save a large amount of Measuring Time and the energy, tens hours test period was foreshortened to about 6 hours, thereby save tens tons of fuel oils.
5, realize under the idling lotus verification to individual event earth fault.In the past, the verification work of single failure only just can obtain correct verification when single-phase short circuit, we can't be checked through the open delta voltage loop of zero sequence CT loop and PT with an electric weight, at present domestic testing program can't simulating actual conditions verification singlephase earth fault, and this has stayed accident potential for later charging operation.Once occurred malfunction and tripping that zero passage sequence loop wiring error causes protection in operation of power networks, we only add three-phase voltage once carrying out verification to the zero sequence loop before sending electricity mutually, and this can not accomplish in load carrying.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 be domestic sending the electricity preceding first kind of detection method;
Fig. 2 be domestic sending the electricity preceding second kind of detection method;
Fig. 3 is power plant's primary system wiring diagram;
Fig. 4 is that transformer detects the test synoptic diagram;
Embodiment:
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment 1: the technical program is applicable to that the ac circuit of transformer station and power plant detects, and simply compares the relative merits of external, the domestic former scheme of the electric total starting characteristics test of Power Plant and the technical solution used in the present invention below in conjunction with Fig. 3.Wherein, power plant sends out and becomes parts such as comprising generator, main transformer, unit transformer, excitation change, booster stations part and corresponding switch, disconnecting link, CT in the group system, 170 CT loops is arranged approximately, more than 600 node.
Scheme in former: after steam turbine is stabilized in 3000 rev/mins, utilize short dot K1, begin to do a change group short-circuit test.Manually increase magnetic, after electric current rises to 1400A (secondary 0.1A), check that each CT loop do not have the open circuit phenomenon.Continue to increase magnetic, after generator was raised to ratings 11327A (secondary 0.81A), demagnetize write down threephase stator current value I a, Ib, Ic, rotor voltage value UL and exciter excitation voltage and current value in the adjustment process again.
After test is finished and sent out change group short-circuit characteristic, keep short dot K1 constant, make dynamo current be raised to 2800A (secondary 0.2A), measure the phase place and the amplitude of relevant each current return respectively, with the integrity in checking generator and main transformer CT loop.Test the hexagonal phasor graph of differential protection for generator simultaneously.
Above-mentioned test finishes, and keeps short dot K1 constant, drops into 6KV factory again and becomes A, the short dot K2 of B branch, K3, measures phase place and amplitude that high factory uprises each current return of low-pressure side respectively, becomes the integrity in CT loop with checking factory.Test simultaneously sends out that the change group is differential, the hexagonal phasor graph of main transformer differential and the transformer differential protection of high factory.Remove the laggard line space of short dot then and carry test and voltage inspection.
Germany's scheme and the main objection of both sides:
The problem of short dot is set:
A. the side establishes three short dots, i.e. K1, K2, K3 among Fig. 3 in; Foreign side establishes 8, and wherein K1～K3 is the three-phase shortcircuit point, and is identical with middle side's scheme, and the German side has been established five single-phase short circuit points of K4～K8 in addition.Middle side does not establish the single-line to ground fault point, and the German side requires to do the single-line to ground fault test, to check relevant ground protection.The verification work of single failure only just can obtain correct verification when single-phase short circuit, domestic testing program can't simulating actual conditions verification singlephase earth fault, can't be checked through the open delta voltage loop of zero sequence CT loop and PT with an electric weight, for later charging operation has stayed accident potential.
B. at the polarity chron of checking CT, middle side drops into 3 short dots simultaneously, and foreign side requires the input of short dot to carry out one by one.Foreign side thinks that short dot should drop into one by one, its reason mainly is when dropping into a plurality of short dot simultaneously, to put into operation simultaneously in all CT loops, because the loop is many, testing crew may have little time to be checked through the open circuit of certain CT, cause this CT long period to open a way, can burn out this CT, personnel and facility are had certain influence.
Same problem, we have also run into slip-stick artist's cooperation of Britain the time, and the method for Britain is very similar with Germany, and with their test method, the electrical test of a unit needed about a week.In the electrical test of five machines of Guangdong Huizhou, they have used 3-14 days time respectively, have been the very fast time through understanding 3 days.
The analysis of two kinds of schemes and comparison:
By the discussion of above two kinds of schemes, the scheme that we can find foreign side than in side time-consuming many.If the scheme according to middle side is carried out, electrical test was generally finished in tens hours.And foreign side need finish test back steam turbine every day and will beat gate stop-start with all left and right sides time, and red switch again in second day is wasted time and energy, and certainly will cause a large amount of oil consumption, is example with current common 600MW unit, needs the up to a hundred tons of fuel oils that consume more.
Consider that from economic aspect middle side's traditional method is relatively good.Consider that from technological layer the scheme of foreign side is considered more specifically undoubtedly, and is comprehensive, reliable.
The way of Japan:
As we neighbour's Japan, because the shortage of resource, they pay attention to the saving of time and fuel oil more than the European, so the Japanese payes attention to sending the inspection work before the electricity, strive that simulating actual conditions checks the loop.MIT also will adopt the mode of additional power source that the ac circuit of generator is checked that concrete grammar is as follows except the inspection work of routine:
On three-phase CT, wind the line respectively with equidirectional around 10 circles; with the CT neutral point side is inlet wire; the generator outlet side is outlet; add A phase current 10A with the protection tester; equal like this to add 10 * 10=100A electric current at the CT primary side; adding A phase voltage 50V and differ with the A phase current on neutral point PT is 0 degree, as reference value.After the energising, do the phase angle inspection, check that errorless back carrying out the secondary measurement with relay bungalow on the spot, compares with actual no-load voltage ratio of generator parameter and benchmark phase angle at the instrument output terminal.PT no-load voltage ratio and polarity check: take off PT and once insure, add A, B, C three-phase voltage at several groups of PT insurance end openings respectively, on neutral point PT, add A, B phase voltage, and with the generator PT A of place, B phase voltage same-phase, as reference value.After the energising, do the phase angle inspection, check errorless then the measurement with relay bungalow on the spot at the instrument output terminal.Carry out numerical value and phase angle measurement at protection screen and monitor screen successively, compare with no-load voltage ratio and benchmark phase angle.In this way no-load voltage ratio and the polarity of PT and CT are checked.
The Japan slip-stick artist is sending the preceding dosage of electricity that generator is checked; check the voltage and current loop in advance; check angle relationship between the two; thereby judge the direction of protections such as loss of excitation, impedance in advance, can find mistake hiding in the loop in advance, embodied its rigorous working attitude; but this way is only effective to the ac circuit inspection of generator; not too big help of loop check to transformer group and transformer station has its limitation, does not therefore have very big promotional value.
Technical solution of the present invention: power plant sends out and becomes parts such as comprising generator, main transformer, unit transformer, excitation change, booster stations part and corresponding switch, disconnecting link, CT in the group system, 170 CT loops is arranged approximately, more than 600 node.Before steam turbine starts, drop into factory and become (k2 among Fig. 3; the k3 place) or the low pressure short dot that becomes of excitation; add three-phase 380V voltage (k1 place among Fig. 3) in booster stations switch high-pressure side; utilize the impedance of transformer and generator; form the full current loop; on electric secondary CT loop, can detect little current signal; utilize current detecting instruments such as high precision pincers type phase meter; to current amplitude; phase place is measured; thereby check polarity and the no-load voltage ratio of total system CT in advance; and energy measurement goes out differential protection for generator; it is differential to send out the change group; high factory transformer differential; excitation becomes; protection such as main transformer differential direction realizes the inspection to all current returns such as differential circuits.
Same principle; when generator neutral point does not connect; three-phase 380V voltage is added in generator neutral point side (1G-1 disconnecting link place among Fig. 3); become low-pressure side switch cubicle place in high factory and do short dot (k2, k3 place among Fig. 3) with the short circuit dolly; can check the ac circuit of generator and the change of all factories so comprehensively; because the generator rated voltage is lower usually; a general ratings is about 13.5-22kV; at the voltage of PT secondary actual measurement then at 1.35-2V; electric current generally more than 30mA, can be monitored outgoing direction protection polarity in protective device.Also can measure the amplitude and the phase place of voltage, electric current with common souvenir; by phase place between comparative voltage, the electric current and amplitude; can before sending electricity, check band direction protections such as loss of excitation, Low ESR, inverse probability, loss of synchronism protection; also can check watt-hour meter, transmitter, oscillograph loop, realize generator, high factory are become the inspection of all band direction protections of system.
Become a phase or a two-phase with adding three-phase 380V voltage in above-mentioned two kinds of methods, then be equivalent to simulate system's unbalanced fault situation, as two phase ground or singlephase earth fault, having the relevant voltage electric current in the zero sequence loop of secondary circuits such as protection produces, checking zero sequence loop amplitude adds with actual institute, can check the correctness in zero sequence loop, realize before sending electricity comprehensive inspection in zero sequence loop has been solved the problem that domestic testing program lacks effective measurement zero sequence loop method; And need not require to install additional short circuit row to external scheme, time saving and energy saving, energy savings.
If check the female difference of booster stations or transformer station loop, the line switching side is changed in the place of will pressurizeing, and short circuit main-transformer low-pressure side can check that then mother's difference loop of booster stations or transformer station, the mother who makes mistakes especially easily join the loop.
Utilize said method; not only can satisfy the high request that developed country is detected ac circuit; and before unit starting, can finish to differential, impedance, loss of excitation etc. all the band direction protections inspection; a large amount of time and fuel oil have been guaranteed in unit starting, to save; economy, environmental protection, safety, this is the not available advantage of above-mentioned domestic and international testing program.In electric total starting characteristics test of the #4 of Weifang electricity generating corporation, Ltd unit, we use new detection technique, and only with the starting characteristics test of just finishing the 670MW unit in 5 hours, and the loop is all correct, and we think that this is the whole nation and even world's prestissimo.
Embodiment 2: for better understanding this testing program, below our simplified system, remove equipment such as generator, the change of high factory, excitation change, booster stations, only the energizing test with an ideal transformer is that example describes its principle.Test connection as shown in Figure 4.
Transformer parameter is as follows, capacity 6000kVA, no-load voltage ratio 20000/1000V, short-circuit impedance 10%, high-pressure side CT no-load voltage ratio 300/1A, low-pressure side no-load voltage ratio 5000/1A, mode of connection Y, d-11.
Earlier with the reliable short circuit of step down side three-phase, to the 380V power supply disks, check the brace of each CT terminal then before the test, guarantee not open circuit of CT secondary circuit at transformer high-voltage side joint one enough cross sections cable.After checking well, the 380V power switch that closes, this moment, the transformer high-voltage side was added with 380V voltage, and transformer inside will produce short-circuit current.Observe transformer each side size of current and phase place from protective device; and and the size of stream, difference stream; and relatively should equate substantially that with calculated value and differential protection should not move, satisfy these conditions and just illustrate that CT loop such as whole transformer differential is entirely true.
The high-pressure side rated current
The low-pressure side rated current
The high-pressure side adds 380V, and the short-circuit current value of each side is as follows during the low-pressure side short circuit:
High-pressure side first short circuit electric current
Ihd1＝173/0.1/(20000/380)＝33A
Low-pressure side first short circuit electric current
Ild1＝33x20000/1000＝660A
Converting secondary current is
High-pressure side second short circuit electric current I hd2=33/300=0.11A
Low-pressure side second short circuit electric current I ld2=660/5000=0.13A
In when energising, because the electric current of high and low pressure side is all more than 0.1A, protective device can measure electric current exactly, and the supervisory personnel can easily judge polarity according to the electric current difference.
Two kinds of detection methods that this electrifying test method is compared in the background technology have more actual property, can be from once directly checking the correctness in whole difference current loop, though need the preliminary work of certain hour early stage in work, but whole measuring process not only fast but also convenient, can also guarantee 100% correctness.
Claims (2)
1. method for testing electric secondary AC loop, it is characterized in that: before Power Plant starts, drop into low pressure short dot or short circuit dolly, add three-phase 380V voltage in booster stations switch high-pressure side, utilize the impedance of transformer and generator, form the full current loop, on electric secondary CT loop, detect little current signal, utilize pincers type phase meter current detecting instrument, to current amplitude, phase place is measured, check correctness, thereby check polarity and the no-load voltage ratio of total system CT in advance, measure differential protection for generator simultaneously respectively, it is differential to send out the change group, high factory transformer differential, the protection direction of excitation change and main transformer differential realizes the inspection to all current returns; When generator neutral point does not connect; three-phase 380V voltage is added in the generator neutral point side; become low-pressure side switch cubicle place in high factory and do short dot with the short circuit dolly; the impedance that utilizes generator and factory to become; form complete circuit; ac circuit to generator and the change of all factories is checked comprehensively; because the generator rated voltage is lower usually; a ratings is at 13.5-22kV; at the voltage of PT secondary actual measurement then at 1.35-2V; electric current is more than 30mA; measure voltage with common souvenir; the amplitude of electric current and phase place are passed through comparative voltage; phase place between the electric current and amplitude are checked the loss of excitation of being with direction protection before sending electricity; Low ESR; inverse probability; loss of synchronism protection; perhaps check watt-hour meter; transmitter; realize generator in the oscillograph loop; high factory becomes the inspection of all band direction protections of system.
2. method for testing electric secondary AC loop according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: adding three-phase 380V voltage is become a phase or a two-phase; then be equivalent to simulate system's unbalanced fault situation; having the relevant voltage electric current in the zero sequence loop of protection secondary circuit produces; check zero sequence loop amplitude and actual added magnitude of voltage; with the correctness in check zero sequence loop, realized before sending electricity comprehensive inspection to the zero sequence loop.
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