CN100543799C - Geologic structure deformation simulative experiment instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The geological structure deformation simulation experiment instrument of the present invention comprises a base frame, on which an experimental box for displaying the geological structure is arranged. The board is driven by a driving mechanism, and a sand bucket is arranged above the test box, and the sand bucket is installed on a horizontal reciprocating walking mechanism. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantage of being able to carry out structural deformation simulation experiments of syn-sedimentary growth strata, which can not only quantitatively control the simulated deformation rate of sedimentary rock layers, but also quantitatively control and simulate the sedimentation rate. Real-time dynamic observation of strain state. The structure is simple and reasonable, the use is convenient and the effect is good.

Description

Geological structure deformation simulation experiment instrument

1. Technical field

The invention relates to an experimental device for simulating deformation structure of sedimentary rock layer, which is a simulation experimental device for displaying the deformation process of natural geological structure and dynamic observation and accurate measurement of finite strain in the deformation process through simulation experiments. In particular, it can be used to simulate and study the structural deformation process of strata with syn-sedimentary growth, that is, to simulate the deformation process of rock strata that develop synchronously with sedimentation.

2. Background technology

Structural deformation simulation is an important experimental technique for studying the deformation process of geological structures. Since the mid-1980s, the physical simulation method of structural deformation has achieved remarkable results in the field of structural geology research at home and abroad. Some internationally renowned universities and research institutes have established their own related laboratories, for example, Stanford University, Rice University , University of Maine, University of London, University of Bern, Switzerland, and Uppsala University, Sweden. In China, China University of Petroleum (Beijing) established a structural physics simulation laboratory in 1991, which is mainly used for experimental research on the simulation of oil and gas basin structure and oil and gas migration. The summary of the laboratory construction and some results were published in 1999. Some introductions have been made in the monograph "Sandbox Simulation Experiment Method in Basin Tectonic Research, Zhou Jianxun, Qi Jiafu and Tong Hengmao, 1999, Earthquake Press"; A large number of experimental studies have been carried out on the physical process of the earthquake source, the characteristics and physical mechanism of earthquake precursors, the physical and rheological properties of the crust and upper mantle rocks, and the mechanism and dynamics of earthquakes. However, the deformation mode and process of natural geological structures are extremely complex, and each experimental simulation equipment has limitations, and only special simulation experiments can be carried out for specific research objects and experimental purposes. In recent years, structural geologists at home and abroad have attached great importance to the study of the structural deformation process with syn-sedimentary growth strata, emphasizing the relationship between the depositional process and the structural deformation process, but the existing structural deformation simulation experimental equipment cannot realize this. There is a lack of dynamic real-time observation and recording of the finite strain state during structural deformation.

3. Contents of the invention

1. Purpose of the invention: the purpose of the present invention is to provide a convenient and practical, accurate and reasonable geological structure deformation simulation experimental instrument aimed at the deficiencies in the prior art. The experimental instrument can not only simulate the structural deformation process of the synsedimentary growth strata, but also realize dynamic real-time observation and recording of the strain state during the structural deformation process.

2. Technical solution: In order to achieve the above object, the geological structure deformation simulation experiment instrument of the present invention comprises a base frame, and an experimental box showing the deformation process of the geological structure is arranged on the base frame, and the two sides of the experimental box are transparent flat plates , both ends are push plates that can move back and forth, the push plates are driven by the driving mechanism, and a sand bucket is arranged above the test box, and the sand bucket is installed on the horizontal reciprocating walking mechanism.

The horizontal reciprocating mechanism is installed on the horizontal rails on both sides of the test box, and the sand bucket is installed on the horizontal rails and driven by the driving mechanism.

The driving mechanism is composed of a linear traveling mechanism with a track, a servo motor and a reducer.

The working principle of the present invention is: the geological structure simulation comprehensive experimental instrument is a set of special equipment with multiple functions. In addition to the functions of tension, extrusion, and arching required for geological structure simulation experiments, it can also automatically add experimental materials uniformly and generate specified patterns on the surface of experimental materials. All the devices are integrated on three series-connected workbenches, which are compact in structure and easy to operate and maintain. The entire unit is powered by computer-controlled servo motors.

In the center of the experimental apparatus is an experimental box used to hold experimental materials and conduct experiments. Both sides of the box are made of transparent tempered glass, which is wear-resistant and easy to observe the experiment process. There is a frame made of stainless steel around the box, which can bear a certain pressure without affecting the observation experiment. There are sealing bodies on both sides and the bottom, which are used to seal the experimental materials. There are electric cylinders at both ends of the box, which is a high-precision mechanical device, and is now widely used in various mechatronic equipment such as manipulators and robots. Driven by the servo motor and decelerated by the reducer, the push rod of the electric cylinder drives the push plates at both ends of the box to reciprocate horizontally, providing sufficient power, suitable speed and precise displacement for the experiment.

Similarly, the bottom is also provided with a push plate, which reciprocates vertically up and down under the drive of the servo motor, reducer and electric cylinder. However, in order to ensure that the experimental state remains unchanged in the event of a power failure, the servo motor is equipped with a brake, which can quickly pull in when the system is powered off. Under the control of the computer, the electric cylinder can perform coordinated movements at different speeds and in different directions, so as to meet the requirements of researchers.

The feeding device (sand bucket) placed on the upper part of the test box is loaded with sand, and driven by the servo motor, its sand outlet moves back and forth between the two ends of the test box along the track (linear unit 1), and the vibrator With the help of the test material evenly distributed in the test box. By adjusting the size of the sand outlet and the moving speed of the sand bucket, the generation process of sedimentary rock layers with different deposition rates can be simulated.

The surface engraving automatic generation device, under the drive of the servo motor, makes coordinated movements along the X-direction track (linear unit 1) and the Y-direction track (linear unit 2), and injects pigments into the surface of the model through a micropump to generate corresponding The pattern is for direct observation, so as to achieve the purpose of measuring finite strain.

The whole simulation experiment instrument is controlled by computer, and commands are sent directly to the experiment instrument through the keyboard and mouse of the computer to command and coordinate the actions of the actuators of the experiment instrument. After installing the recording device, the experimental process and experimental results can be recorded. Wherein the computer control technology can be realized by adopting the existing technology.

3. Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantage of being able to carry out the structural deformation simulation experiment of the same depositional growth strata, which can quantitatively control the simulated deformation rate of the sedimentary rock layer, and can also quantitatively control and simulate the deposition rate. Real-time dynamic observation of strain state during structural deformation. The utility model has the advantages of simple and reasonable structure, convenient use and good effect.

4. Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the adding device.

FIG. 4 is a side view of FIG. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the experiment box.

FIG. 6 is a side view of FIG. 5 .

Fig. 7 is a control principle diagram of the present invention.

5. Specific implementation

The present invention mainly provides various actions required for geological structure simulation experiments. As shown in the figure, the bottom of the experimental box 2 placed on the base frame 1 is lined with plexiglass with a thickness of 20 mm, and the exterior is made of stainless steel, which is light, beautiful and durable. In order to facilitate the observation of the changes in the experiment, the sides are made of tempered glass with a thickness of 10 mm and scales, the minimum interval between the scales is 1 mm, and the frame is made of stainless steel. The push plates 3 at both ends are movable, made of plexiglass with a thickness of 20mm, and the bottom edge and both sides of the push plate 3 are sealed with felt to ensure that the experimental materials will not leak during the experiment. The size of the experimental box can be made into different specifications according to the needs of the experiment. For example, the size is (length×width×height, in mm, the same below): 1600×800×400, 1600×600×400, 1600×600×200, 1600×400×400, 1600×400×300, 1600×400 ×200, 1600×200×400. A movable push plate 5 can also be left at the bottom of the test box as required, which can be used for arching experiments. Push plate is driven by drive mechanism, and this drive mechanism is made up of electric cylinder 6, servo motor 7 and speed reducer 8.

The push plate 3 at both ends of the experiment box can be a whole, also can be divided into two. When divided into two pieces, the four push plates move linearly under the push rods of four horizontally installed electric cylinders. According to the needs of the experiment, the push plates 3 can move in opposite directions or in the same direction. It can move at a constant speed or at a variable speed. The displacement speed is adjustable between 0.001mm/s～2812.5mm/s. In order to understand and control the working conditions of the experimental instrument in a timely manner, the control of the electric cylinder adopts the control method of computer monitoring throughout the whole process, and the working conditions of the experimental instrument are displayed in real time on the computer screen. The display of displacement and speed of the system is added to the experimental instrument, the displacement display accuracy is not less than 0.0001mm, and the speed display accuracy is not less than 0.0001mm/s. The effective stroke of each electric cylinder is 750mm, and the maximum thrust is 8000N. In order to ensure the safe operation of the whole device, an emergency stop button is installed on the control cabinet, and the whole device will stop working when the button is pressed in case of accident. The computer control technology can fully adopt the usual control technology.

In order to make the experiment reproduce the natural and real situation as much as possible, it is necessary to spread the experimental materials evenly in the experimental box 2 . In order to realize this function, two linear horizontal rails 9 (linear unit 1) with an effective stroke of 1800 mm long and a rated vertical load of 300 kg on the loading platform are provided along both sides of the tester. The moving speed of the loading platform is adjustable from 0.0001mm/s to 191.92mm/s. The displacement display accuracy is not lower than 0.0001mm, and the speed display accuracy is not lower than 0.0001mm/s. The experimental material adding device is installed on the straight horizontal track 9 . The experimental material adding device includes a main part—a sand bucket 4 . The straight horizontal track 9 drives the sand bucket to move, and the experimental materials are evenly distributed in the experimental box 2 . The sand bucket 4 is made of stainless steel, and is connected with the linear horizontal track 9 (linear unit 1) with a base frame. Under the control of the computer, it reciprocates at a uniform speed, and at the same time opens the sand outlet to spread the experimental materials evenly in the experimental box 2. In order to ensure the uniformity of spreading, a vibrator 11 is installed on the sand bucket 4, and the vibrator is turned on when distributing sand, so that the uniformity of sand falling can be guaranteed. The linear traveling mechanism is under computer control, and the speed can be adjusted conveniently to suit different materials. Simultaneously, recording instruments 10 such as a digital camera and a digital video camera can also be installed on the sand bucket 4 for recording the experimental process. In addition, a scribing device is installed on the rack to automatically generate patterns on the surface of the material before the experiment.

In order to better observe the changes of the experimental object, it is necessary to draw a certain pattern on the surface of the material. This requires the device to have a two-dimensional (X-Y) direction coordinated movement mechanism, but the mechanism cannot be too large, so the linear walking mechanism (linear unit 1) in the material adding device is used as a basic unit, here On the basis, another (Y) direction vertical linear travel mechanism (linear unit 2) is installed. Its basic parameters are: effective stroke 750mm, rated vertical load of the load platform 300N, the moving speed of the load platform is adjustable from 0.0001mm/s to 84.97mm/s, the displacement display accuracy is not less than 0.0001mm, and the speed display accuracy is not less than 0.0001 mm/s. The control method is the same as that of the linear travel mechanism (linear unit 1) in the (X) direction, and is carried out uniformly by the computer. When working, the linear traveling mechanism in the X-Y direction performs coordinated movement under the control of the program, and drives the ink outlet head 12 on the ink outlet rack to make coordinated movements. The ink outlet head injects a certain amount of pigment under the control of the micro pump 13, sprays On the surface of the experimental material, a desired pattern is formed. According to the situation, the amount of ink output can be adjusted until a satisfactory effect is obtained.

The power supply of the entire drive and control device adopts commercial power, AC 220V, 50Hz. Each motion unit is driven by a servo motor, and then output to each actuator (servo motor) after increasing the torque through the reducer. The control part adopts the central control system of industrial computer, and through the precise multi-dimensional driving device controlled by the computer and setting different initial models, the experimental device can conveniently carry out the simulation experiment of repetitive and destructive structural movement.

The control part is controlled by two Baldor motion control cards made in the United States. Each card can independently control the movement of four units, and can perform various interpolation movements such as straight line and arc, and can simulate electronic gears and electronic cams. Using VisualBasic, Visual C++ and other languages, the advanced Mint language functions on the motion control card can be called. The movement state of each direction can be conveniently controlled under the specially written program, the program can run under Windows98/Windows2000/WindowsNT/Windows XP, the interface is friendly and easy to use. The control principle diagram is shown in Figure 7, including servo motor, motion control industrial computer, display device, keyboard, storage device and input device. The above-mentioned control technology can be realized by using the above-mentioned equipment and conventional technology.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of geological structure deformation simulation experimental instrument, it is characterized in that this experimental instrument comprises base frame (1), is provided with the experimental box (2) that shows geological structure on the base frame (1), the experimental box (2) Both sides are transparent plates, and both ends are push plates (3) that can move back and forth. The push plate (3) is driven by a driving mechanism. A sand bucket (4) is arranged above the test box (2). The sand bucket (4) ) is installed on the horizontal reciprocating walking mechanism. 2. The geological structure deformation simulation experiment instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that a push plate (5) that can move up and down is provided at the bottom of the test box (2), and the push plate (5) is driven by a driving mechanism. 3. The geological structure deformation simulation experiment instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the push plates (3) at both ends of the test box (2) are composed of two pieces respectively, and are respectively driven by a driving mechanism. 4. The geological structure deformation simulation experiment instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal reciprocating mechanism is installed on the horizontal rails (9) on both sides of the experiment box (2), and the sand bucket (4) is installed on the The horizontal track, and driven by the drive mechanism. 5. The geological structure deformation simulation experiment instrument according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the driving mechanism is composed of an electric cylinder (6) with a push rod, a servo motor (7) and a reducer (8 )composition. 6. The geological structure deformation simulation experiment instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that a scale showing the geological thickness and deformation amount of the geological structure is provided on the transparent plate on the side of the experimental box (2). 7. The geological structure deformation simulation experiment instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, between the side plate and the bottom plate of the experimental box (2), between the push plate and the bottom plate at both ends, and between the push plate and the side plate There are seals. 8. The geological structure deformation simulation experiment instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that a vibrator (11) is provided on the sand bucket (4). 9. The geological structure deformation simulation experiment instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal reciprocating mechanism is provided with a forward and backward movement mechanism perpendicular to it, and the ink outlet head (12) that forms the required pattern on the geological surface is installed On the forward and backward movement mechanism, the ink outlet head (12) is controlled by a micropump (13).

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