CN1005213B - Separately-loadtd recombustion cupola furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a separated loading cupola furnace of a recombustion type, which is a casting continuous melting device. The structure of a furnace body is composed of a main furnace body, a recombustion section and a preheating section, wherein the recombustion section is arranged between the main furnace body and the preheating section. The juncture part of the recombustion section and the main furnace body is arranged with at one recombustion air opening. The combusting process uses two combusting belts of an inner connecting type, and the heating in the melting process is in a two-section type. The height of bed coke is a structural parameter. The fuel used for the furnace uses iron coke for separated loading and can be cast coke or other kinds of non-coke fuel. The temperature of the iron water discharged from the furnace is high, the metallurgy quality is stable, the heat using rate of the fuel is high, the pollution is little, and the separated loading cupola furnace of a recombustion type is an excellent non-coke iron melting furnace.

Description

Separately-loadtd recombustion cupola furnace

Separately-loadtd recombustion cupola furnace is a kind of novel cast iron continuous melting equipment.

The cast iron smelting equipment of countries in the world mainly is cupola furnace at present.The standard Cupola Construction all adopts iron coke to load in mixture.Its combustion processes adopts single zone of combustion, molten iron is overheated to be finished in bed coke, because fusing the overheated of molten iron is to finish in bed coke, and bed coke height is a unstable parameter, fluctuateed easily by the influence of other processing parameter, so the overheated distance of standard cupola melting molten iron (being bed coke height) is a processing parameter, tapping temperature is low, the refining quality instability; Because standard cupola furnace combustion processes is single zone of combustion, causes non-complete combustion of fuel, contains a large amount of incomplete combustion product and dust in the cupola furnace combustion gas, wherein contains incomplete combustion product C O and can reach 13% more than, and is so thermosteresis is big, seriously polluted; And the standard cupola furnace can only use high grade coke to be fuel, causes the countries and regions of many shortage coke can't use cupola melting cast iron.At the above-mentioned defective of cupola furnace, the metallargist studies and has adopted a series of Corresponding Countermeasures both at home and abroad; Or adopt " cupola furnace-electric furnace " double melting technology molten iron, to improve molten iron temperature, stably fused quality; Or adopt the combustion again of bleeding, give the heat air-supply, to reduce thermosteresis; Or adopt attached treating plant, to improve pollution to environment; And, have to adopt the electric furnace molten iron for the countries and regions that lack coke, the big and metallurgical quality of power consumption is difficult to guarantee.Because these measures compare with traditional standard cupola furnace, furnace binding and melting process organize unprincipled variation, so the facility investment height, complex process, heat utilization efficiency improves less, metallurgical quality can not guarantee, promotes and uses relatively more difficult." the special permission communique " of in 1977 Japanese publication, clear 52-31285 patent " cupola furnace that bed coke height is constant ", owing to adopt the iron coke packing, overheated distance-the bed coke height of cupola melting molten iron is fixed as structural parameter from original processing parameter, thereby stablized bed coke height, make molten iron temperature more relatively stable than the molten iron temperature of standard cupola melting, refining quality increases.But, this patent still adopts a zone of combustion, the fusing molten iron have only one tropical excessively, overheated distance and cross not increase of hot strength, molten iron temperature can't improve, molten iron temperature stability is still lower, and it is discharged in the furnace gas, and it is still higher to contain the incomplete combustion product, thermo-efficiency is low, pollute greatly, and this patent can only use foundry coke as furnace fuel, can't use other non-coke fuel fusing molten iron.

Task of the present invention is, a kind of novel cast iron smelting equipment is provided, the molten iron temperature height of its fusing, and the metallurgical quality height, refining quality is stable, and the thermo-efficiency height, and environmental pollution is little, can adopt coke or various non-coke fuel as molten iron fuel.

The scheme that solves above-mentioned task is to adopt separately-loadtd recombustion cupola furnace.Its constructional feature is, body of heater is by main shaft and give hot shaft and forms, employing molten iron fuel and metal charge packing, and making bed coke height is structural parameter; Set up a combustion section again in the furnace binding.Combustion section again is made up of passage and air port, and passage is arranged on main shaft and gives between the hot shaft; Bed coke top with main shaft links with the bottom of giving hot shaft respectively.Combustion section again is provided with one or more air ports (reignition mouth) of firing again, burn once more in combustion section again by firing the incomplete combustion product of sending in whirlwind (also can the send into non-coke fuel simultaneously) products of combustion in the air port (CO) again, realize that combustion processes is the two zone of combustion of intraconnected.Metal charge is packed stove into after high-temperature furnace gas gives hot melt by giving hot shaft charging bole, and the molten iron of fusing and slag flow into combustion section again by giving hot shaft bottom, and it is overheated to carry out the first time.Flow in the main shaft bed coke through combustion section again, it is overheated to carry out second time in scorching hot bed coke again, and the realization melting process is the two-part thermal stability.Fire the non-coke fuel amount that the air port can be adjusted air output and send into again, with the intensity of combustion of control combustion section again.The non-coke fuel of sending into simultaneously by the air port of combustion section again can be a geseous fuel, and fluid fuel or powdered solid fuel also can be mixed type fuel.

The present invention compared with the prior art, its advantage is: separately-loadtd recombustion cupola furnace is two zone of combustion, two tropical excessively, and all is structural parameter.Combustion processes adopts the two zone of combustion of intraconnected, has guaranteed the perfect combustion of primary combustion product.Incomplete combustion product (CO) drops to below 1% from original 13%, and thermo-efficiency significantly improves; Melting process adopts the two-part thermal stability, overheated distance, and it is big and stable to cross hot strength, and the smelting iron water temp is stable, and temperature can reach 1570 ℃, has guaranteed that molten iron has the stable of high metallurgical quality and refining quality; The present invention adopts the iron coke packing, can use foundry coke fuel, also can use all gases, liquid and powdery solid non-coke fuel.Fuel does not need weighing, does not have the proportioning of coke charge batch of material, and operating procedure is simplified, and control is convenient.Be convenient to the control of automatization and robot calculator.Its pollution is little, and facility investment is few.

The drawing explanation, Fig. 1 is a universal standard cupola furnace; Fig. 2 is the constant cupola furnace of Japanese clear 52-31285 patent bed coke height; Fig. 3 is a separately-loadtd recombustion cupola furnace.

For principle of the present invention is described, be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment:

This explanation embodiment body of heater basic structure is divided three parts: I is a garden shape master shaft; II is combustion section again; III is that iron charge gives hot shaft (giving hot arc).Garden shape master shaft comprises the garden shape furnace shell (1) that steel plate is rolled into, and builds up furnace lining (2) by refractory materials, drop-bottom (3), and scum spout (4), primary air nozzle (5), bellows (6), coke add inlet (7).Fuel coke (17) adds in the stove by adding Jiao Kou (7), all fills it up with the lid (8) that adds on the bonnet above burnt mouthful, and footpath bellows (6) and air port (4) blast air coke is burnt in stove again.The II of combustion section again is arranged on main shaft I and gives between the hot shaft III, and the bed coke top with main shaft links with the bottom of giving hot shaft respectively.The useful length of combustion section more generally is limited in 1～4 times of main shaft diameter, too short fully burning of incomplete combustion product (CO), the long melting process instability that then causes of then can not making.A combustion section cross-sectional shape can be the garden tee section again, also can be other geometrical cross-sectional shape (as ellipse, rectangle etc.), but meets cyclone firing when being round-shaped with the cross section most, the cross section be round-shaped be optimum shape.Its diameter of section is 0.5～2 times of main shaft diameter.Section is that the combustion section again of garden shape comprises that the shell (9) that steel plate is rolled into, refractorily lined (10), reignition chew (11) (promptly firing the air port again), preceding burner (12), back burner (13).Reignition is chewed to be arranged on and is fired Duan Yuqian burner (12) (promptly with main shaft connection place) intersection again, fires air port (11) again and recedes, and its facade angle is 0～90 °, realizes that sending into air is cyclone firing.Main stove furnace gas enters combustion section again through preceding burner (12), fire the incomplete combustion product (CO) that air port (11) blasts in an amount of air and the furnace gas again burning once more takes place, furnace gas temperature is raise thermo-efficiency is improved, it is overheated that high-temperature furnace gas after the combustion makes the molten iron of combustion section more again, and burner (13) enters iron charge and gives hot arc backward then.Also can chew (11) from reignition and spray into non-block solid fuel and air mixture and burn, thereby reach the purpose of non-coking iron.Furnace fuel can add coke by the Jiao Kou (7) that adds that is arranged on main shaft top, also can send into non-coke fuel and burns by being arranged on the lateral primary air nozzle of main restoration of lower stack (5) and firing air port (11) again.Give hot shaft III and comprise the furnace shell furnace lining, connect the sloping shape furnace bottom of back burner (13), and top charging opening (16).Add iron charge (14) and flux (15) from charging opening, in giving hot burner hearth, contact and given heat with high-temperature furnace gas, melt after back burner (13) flows into combustion section again by overheated at furnace bottom, cross heating molten steel and flow into main stove through preceding burner (12) through firing Duan Houzai again, contact with high-temperature furnace gas with red-hot coke in the main stove and by overheated once more, after scum spout (4) flow out.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of separately-loadtd recombustion cupola furnace, comprise main shaft I, give hot shaft III, coke charges in the main shaft, and give dress iron charge in the hot shaft, and give hot shaft to link by a passage and main shaft, it is characterized in that, described main shaft and give passage between the hot shaft and be provided with and fire the air port again, passage and air port constitute the II of combustion section again.In passage, blow the mixture of combustion-supporting gas or combustion-supporting gas and fuel by the air port of combustion section again.

2, cupola furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the bottom that hot shaft was located and given at described bed coke top of firing the Duan Zaizhu shaft again is connected, and the useful length of combustion section again is 1～4 times of main shaft internal diameter, and the cross section internal diameter is 0.5～2 times of main shaft diameter.

3, cupola furnace according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the air port of firing again on the passage is arranged on place near main shaft, fires the air port again and recedes, 0～90 ° at its facade angle.